Logic of Phantasy 15

Jacques Lacan
雅克 拉岡

Lacan Seminar 14:

(4) I am not saying at all by one of the others, and you are going to see why. We are going to symbolise

this Klein group by the operations in questions, on condition that they are organised in a network such

that each coloured line corresponds to one of these operations. The colour pink, then, corresponds to

one and the same operation, this blue colour also, the yellow line also. You see then that each one of

these operations - which I can leave in the most complete indetermination, until I have given it greater

specificity - each of these operations is found at two different places in the network. We define the

relation between these operations, by which they are founded as a Klein group. It is the same Klein that

I mentioned in connection with the bottle, called by that name. Operations of these three, a, b, c, each of

them, all of them, have this character of being operations which are described as involutional. The most

simple, to represent this type of operation, but not the only one, is for example: negation.

（第四）我所谓其余之一，根本不是说，你们将会明白为什麽。我们将会以置疑的运作，来象征这个克莱

因的群体，假如他们是以网络的方式组织，以每一种颜色对应其中一种运作。。然后，粉红色对应某一种相

同的运作，这个蓝色也是，黄色也是。於是，你们将会看得出来，这些运作的每一种，我可以将它们留置

於完全的不定当中，直到我给它更加明确化。这些运作的每一种，会在网络的两个不同角落被找到。我们替

这些运作之间的关系下个定义，根据这个定义，他们被創建为克莱因群体。这跟我早先提到的克莱因同名

的制瓶公司，是相同的。甲、乙、丙这三个运作，每一个都有被描述为「纠缠」的远作的这种特色。代表这种运

作，其中最简单，但並不是唯一，例如，就是「否定」。

You deny something, you put the sign of negation onto something, whether it is a predicate or a

proposition: it is not true that... You put a negation again on what you get. The important thing is to posit

that there is a use of negation where there can be admitted the following: not as you are taught, that two

negations are the same as an affirmation (we do not know what we started from, we have perhaps not

of which I am giving you an example in negation, has as a result: zero. It is as if one had done nothing.

That is what is meant by saying that the operation is involutional.

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你否定某件东西，你将否定的符号贴到某件东西上，无论它是一个述词，或是一个命题：这个並不确实

是、、、你再一次将一个否定贴到你获得的东西上。重要的是要假设：有一个否定的用途，在底下被承认的地

方：不是依照你所被教导，负负得正（我们不知道要从何开始，可能我们所拥有，我给你们一个否定的例

子，结果是：零）。好像我们什麽事都没有做过。那就是我说这个运作是「纠缠」的意思。

Therefore, we can write, (if by making the letters succeed one another, we mean that the operation is

repeated) that aa, bb, cc, are each equivalent to zero. Zero with respect to what we had before, namely,

that if before, for example, we had 1, that means that after aa, there will still be 1. This is worth

underlining. But there can be many other operations of negation which have this result. Suppose it is a

question of a change of sign (this is not the same as negation). By having 1 at the beginning. I would

have -1, then, making the minus function on the minus of -1, I would again have 1 at the start. It

nevertheless remains that these two operations, although different, would have had as a same

manifestation being involutional, namely, to arrive at zero as a result.

因此，我们能够书写，（假如我让字母连续排列，我的意思是，我是在重复书写的运作），甲甲、乙乙、丙

丙，每一个都相等於是零。关於我们以前拥有的是零，例如，以前我拥有一个一，那意味着，甲甲之后，

将会有一个一。这是值得我们强调的。但是，还有许多其它这样的否定的运作，会的零的结果。假定这是一

件「符号改变」的问题（这跟否定並不相同）。由於开始时，我拥有一个「一」，我就会拥有一个「负一」。然后，

我在这个「负一」的减号，做出减少的运作，我再一次拥有开头那个「一」。可是，这两个运作，虽然不同，

却是会有作为「纠缠」相同的证明，换句话说，结果都到达零。

On the other hand, it is enough for you to consider this diagram for you to see that a to which there

succeeds b has the same effect as c, that b to which there succeeds c has the same effect as a. This is

what is called the Klein group.

(KLEIN GROUP FIGURES)

在另一方面，我让你们考虑这个图表，你们就会明白，甲后面跟随着乙，跟后面跟随着丙，结果都是一样。

或是，乙后面跟随着丙，结果跟后面跟随着甲，结果都是一样。这就是所谓克莱因的群体。

（克莱因的人物像）

Since, perhaps, certain intuitive exigencies you may have, would like to have on this a little more to get

your teeth into, I can note for you - because here, this week, it is (7) really within the reach of everyone,

in all the kiosques - a rather slim issue of a journal which ... (you know already what I think of journals

and I am not going to indulge today in the repetition of a certain play on words that usually use),

anyway, in this journal (Les Temps Modernes) where there is not very much, there is an article on

structure in mathematics which obviously could be more developed buts which - on the short surface

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that it has chosen, quite correctly, faith, since it is precisely the Klein group that is involved - chews

things over for you, I must say with extreme care. For what I have just shown you there, which is very

simple, I believe that there are, in faith, twenty-four pages which are taken a step at a time.

或许，你们可能有某些直觉的迫切性，你们想要更加能够掌握这一点。我能够告诉你们，因为这个星期，

我要深入浅出，让你们每个人都能了解，在所有的层面。有一本相当微薄的杂志，（你们已经知道，我对

於杂志的看法。我今天不是要旧话重提。）无论如何，在这本杂志Les Temps Modernes，内容不是很丰富，

但是有一篇论数学结构的文章，显而易见，能够让我们更加发挥，但是这篇文章短小精悍，相当正确地谈

到信仰的问题。这里会牵涉到克莱因的群体。我必须说，我是小心翼翼地揣摩它的内容。因为我刚刚告诉过

你们，内容很简单，就是谈信仰，我相信有二十四页，但是一气呵成。

Nevertheless, this could be a very useful exercise - in any case for those who like things to be drawn out

- a very useful exercise, which can really accustom you to what is involved in this Klein group. If I take it

up it is because -and if I present it to you from the beginning - it is going to be, at least I hope so, of

some service to us.

可是，这个会是一个很有用的练习。无论如何，对於那些想要事情一清二楚的人，这是一个很有用的练习。

它可以让你们习惯於这个克莱因的群体所会牵涉到的东西。假如我将它展现出来，假如我从头开始展现，

那是因为它将为我们提供一些服务，至少我是如此希望。

If we start again from structure, you remember enough of the steps I made it turn around for the idea to

strike you that the functioning of a group structured in this way ... which to function, as you see, can be

satisfied with four elements, which are represented here on the network which supports it by the

vertices, in other words where there is encountered the skeleton of this little figure that you see

inscribed here. Note ... (How long are we going to have to put up with this?).

假如我们从结构开始，你们记得我曾经绕着这个观念，发展好几个步骤，为了给你们这个印象：一个群群

的运作就是这样的结构。你们看得出来，运作有时要符合网络所代表的四个要素。网络是靠着提纲携领来支

撑，换句话说，你会碰触到这个小人物的骨架，你看见被铭记在那里。请注意、、、（我们将要忍耐这个多

久？）

Note that there is no difference between this figure and the one that I sketch in here rapidly with the

white chalk and which also has four vertices, each one having the property of being linked to the three

others. From the point of view of structure, it is exactly the same. But we have only to colour in the lines

that join the vertices, two by two, in the following way, for you to see that it is exactly the same structure.

In other words, the median point in this network, in this figure is not privileged. The advantage in

representing it differently is to mark that there is not, in this respect, any privilege. Nevertheless, the

other figure has still another advantage, which is to make you put your finger on the fact that there is

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here one thing among others that the notion of proportional relation may eventually overlap. I mean that:

ac

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ba

请注意，在这个人物，跟我在这里用白色粉笔，迅速描绘的这个人像之间，没有什麽不同。它也有四个支

撑的要素，每一个要素都有跟其它三个要素连接的特性。从结构的观点来说，它们确实都是相同。但是我们

只把支撑的线条加上彩色，两条跟两条加上彩色，以底下的方式，你们就会看出，它们的结构确实是相同。

换句话说，这个网络的中间线，在这个人像里，並没有什麽特权。使用不同的方式来表达它，好处是可以

标明出来，在这一方面，並没有认何特权。可是，另外一个人像仍然有另外一个优点。那就是使你们理解到

这个事实：在其余里面，有一件东西，比率关系的观念，最后会跟它重叠。我的意思是：

甲丙

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乙甲

(8) for example, is something which functions, but among others, among numerous other structures

which have nothing to do with proportion, according to the law of the Klein group. It is a matter for us of

knowing whether the function that I introduced under terms, like for example that of the function of

metaphor, as I represented it by the structure: S, a signifier, in so far as it posits itself in a certain

position which is properly the metaphorical position or that of substitution with respect to another

signifier - S coming then to substitute itself for S' - something is produced, in so far as the link between

S' and S is preserved, as possible to reveal, there comes to result from it the new meaning otherwise

called a signified effect.

（第八）例如，某件运作的东西，但是在其余的中间，在无数的其它结构的中间。它们跟比率没有丝毫的

关系，依照克莱因的群体的法则。我们的问题是要知道，我用这些术语介绍的功用，例如，比喻的功用，

我用这个结构来代表它：人作为生命的主体，是一个意符，因为它假定它自己处於某一个立场，适当来说，

就是比喻的立场，或是针对另一个意符的代替立场。这个主体於是针对另一个生命的主体‘ 拿自己来代替对

方。於是，就产生了某件东西，因为另一个生命主体，跟这个生命主体之间的连接，被保留下来，为了要

显示，结果有新的意义产生。这个意义又名「意符化的效应」。

Two signifiers are involved, two positions of one of these signifiers, and a heterogeneous element, the

fourth element s, signified effect, the one which is the result of the metaphor and that I write as follows:

S (signifier) S'

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S' (signifier) s (signified effect)

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这里牵涉到两个意符，这些意符的其中之一的两个立场，一个異种的元素，第四个元素s，被意符化的效

应。这个效应是比喻的结果，我将公式书写如下：

第一意符（意符化）针对另一个意符

————————————————————————————————————————————

未知意符

另一个意符（意符化）产生第四意符（意符化效应）

The fact is that S in so far as it has come to replace S', becomes the factor of an S(1/s) which is what I

call the metaphorical effect of meaning.

S S' (1)

——————————————————————————————————————————————

S' s (s)

因为第一意符已经用自己代替另一个意符，这个事实变成一个因素，让作为一个生命主体的「一」，产生第

四的意符，这就是我所谓的「意义的比喻效应」。

第一主体，针对另一主体，意符化成为一个「一」

———————————————————————————————————————————

另一主体，跟第一意符的代替，产生（第四意符）

雄伯译

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