Table of Contents

E46 DRIVER INFORMATION

Subject Page

Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

E46 Bus Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Instrument Cluster. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Check Control Display. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8

Range/Program Display. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8
Dynamic Digital Inputs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Analog Inputs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10
Digital Inputs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11
Output Signals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Redundant Data Storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13

SIA IV. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15
On Board Computer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Light Switch Center (LSZ). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

E46 Convertible Third Brake Light. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

Lamp Monitoring. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27
Home Lighting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Emergency Lighting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Xenon Head lights. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
LWR- Headlight Beam Throw Control. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35

Multi-Function Steering Wheel.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

Initial Print Date: 6/98 Revision Date: 11/21/00

Introduction

The driver information system is presented to the driver in two main areas, the instrument
cluster and the center console area. The E46 makes extensive use of bussing for commu-
nication between control modules and reduction in wiring.

The instrument cluster in the E46 is similar in design to the basic cluster installed in the E39.
It uses the pictogram display block for check control and lamp failure warnings.

The Bus links used in the E46 include:

The K-Bus: For communication between all body modules and driver information systems.

The CAN Bus: For communication between the engine management control modules and
the instrument cluster.

The D-Bus: For diagnostic communication between the vehicle and the DIS and MoDiC
testers.

3
E46 Driver Information
E46 BUS SYSTEMS
BUS SCHEMATIC

Example Bus system as introduced.

4
E46 Driver information
E46iC BUS SYSTEM

The Bus system of the E46iC continues to use the K-Bus as the main communication link
between body and driver information modules. The Convertible Top Module (CVM) is added
to the K-Bus for communication with the GM V for top operation and the Instrument Cluster
for diagnostic purposes. The addition of memory functions for both outside mirrors has
required memory modules to control the operation. These modules are also connected to
the K-Bus for communication with the Seat Memory module.

As with other MRS III systems, the MRS module is now connected to the K-Bus for cod-
ing/diagnostic and communication with the other control modules.

CVM

EWS 3.3

C53

5
E46 Driver Information
SIGNALS WHICH ARRIVE AT THE INSTRUMENT
CLUSTER VIA THE K-BUS
INFORMATION ITEM SOURCE RECIPIENT
doors, trunk lid basic module instruments
driving light error light-switch center instruments
brake light error light-switch center instruments
turn signal control light-switch center instruments
turn signal synchronization light-switch center instruments
position light, dipped beam, light-switch center instruments
high beam, fog light
rear light error light-switch center instruments
ignition key electronic immobilizer instruments
DME-S-AC, air condit. IHKR instruments
Switch
DME-LSZ-KK, load torque IHKR instruments
air conditioning
transfer, km reading light-switch center instruments
reset BC function on-board monitor/navigation computer instruments
distance display,SA 9/98 on-board monitor/navigation computer instruments

SIGNALS WHICH ARRIVE AT THE INSTRUMENT

CLUSTER THROUGH THE CAN-BUS

INFORMATION ITEM SOURCE RECIPIENT

engine speed DME/DDE instruments
fuel consumption DME/DDE instruments
coolant temperature DME/DDE instruments
outdoor temperature instruments IHKA
selector lever position AGS instruments
gear program AGS instruments
transmission malfunction display AGS instruments
ASC indicator lamp ASC instruments
Check-Engine DME/DDE instruments
FGR indicator lamp - cruise DME/DDE instruments
EBV indicator lamp ASC instruments
fuel tank level instruments DME
VIN instruments LWS

6
E46 Driver information
INSTRUMENT CLUSTER

The instrument cluster uses analog gauges for display of engine and road speed, engine
temperature, fuel level and economy display.

There are three LCD blocks for display of:

80 3 4
60 100
100
120 140
160
2 1/min
x1000
5
80 180 120
40
12 60 200 1 6
11 40 220
0
20 20 240 140
UNLEADED GASOLINE ONLY 0 50 30 20 15 7
km/h 12
MPH

The check control - pictogram

The BC/Service interval and mileage

The Transmission - range/program and failure display

Warning indicators and lamps are arranged to the right and left of the LCD blocks. The
ASC, charge indicator, high beam and oil pressure lamps are located between the
speedometer and tachometer.

Features of the E46 cluster include:

Stepper motor drives for the analog gauges

New design Service Interval Indicator (SIA IV)

Automatic transmission range/program display

The instrument cluster is a sealed unit and contains no serviceable components, other than
the back lighting illumination bulbs.

7
E46 Driver Information
CHECK CONTROL LCD MATRIX DISPLAY
The pictogram check control display carries over from the E39 for failure display warnings
of various lights, doors/trunk open and low fluid indications. Inputs for warning lamp indi-
cation are processed by the cluster electronics and the appropriate LED is illuminated.

RANGE/PROGRAM MATRIX DISPLAY

The right LCD matrix is used to display the driving range and program on vehicles equipped
with an automatic transmission. The transmission fault display is also integrated into the
display matrix. The gear with the explanation point will illuminate when the electronic con-
trol of the transmission detects a fault.

8
E46 Driver information
DYNAMIC DIGITAL INPUTS

DISTANCE SIGNAL- This input is supplied to the cluster by the ABS/ASC+T control mod-
ule as a square wave signal. Pulses from the left rear wheel speed sensor are processed
by the ABS module to produce this signal. The cluster electronics process the input for the
cluster display and pass the signal along, on the K bus, as speed signal A for other con-
trol modules requiring the vehicle speed signal.

CAN BUS SIGNALS- The Ti , engine temperature and TD signals are produced by
the DME control module and sent to the cluster. The cluster also passes the TD signal
out over the K Bus.

TRANSMISSION DATA- The AGS control module provides the range selector position,
driving program and fault lamp activation signals to the cluster over the CAN line.

DSC

CAN

OIL TEMPERATURE - This input is a pulse width modulated signal from the Electronic Oil
Level Sensor. As oil level decreases the pulse width of the signal increases. If the signal
shows an oil level that is too low over a period of time, the instrument cluster will illuminate
the Oil Warning indicator LED in yellow.

DIMMER SIGNAL - This is a pulse-width modulated signal from the LSZ. It is used to con-
trol the intensity of the back lighting of the instruments and the LCDs when the lights are
switched ON. This signal is also output over the K Bus.

K-BUS SIGNALLING - The Cluster receives signals for the Check Control Pictogram over
the K-Bus.

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E46 Driver Information
ANALOG INPUT SIGNALS

BATTERY VOLTAGE - Battery voltage is monitored by the cluster and a fault is stored if
the voltage exceeds 16 volts

FUEL TANK LEVEL - Two lever action sensors are wired in parallel to the cluster. The two
varying voltage signals are processed by the cluster for fuel gauge and low fuel warning
display.

OUTSIDE TEMPERATURE SENSOR - A NTC sensor is used to measure the ambient

temperature. The signal is processed by the cluster and passed out over the K Bus to mod-
ules requiring this input for processing.

10
E46 Driver information
DIGITAL INPUT SIGNALS

The normal ignition switch terminals (KL R, KL 15 & KL 50) are input to the cluster. Various
functions are dependent on ignition switch position.

STEERING COLUMN SWITCH - As with previous systems the turn signal stalk is used to
call up BC functions.

BRAKE PAD WEAR SENSORS - The pad sensor inputs are used to illuminate the brake
pad warning indicator as in the past.

INSTRUMENT PANEL BUTTON - The reset button is used to reset the trip - odometer
as in the past. It will also display the mileage, if pressed with the key switched OFF. This
button is also used for the Base BC/instrument cluster test functions outlined on page 15.

INPUTS FOR WARNING LAMPS - Various switches are used to signal the cluster for
warning and indicator lamp illumination including:

WARNINGS FOR CONVERTIBLES

The seat belt warning lamp is illuminated when the seat belt is not fastened and
FLASHES when the front seat back is not locked into position.

The Roll over Protection System warning lamp is illuminated when there is a fault in the
RPS system.
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E46 Driver Information
OUTPUT SIGNALS

SPEED SIGNAL A - The vehicle speed signal is available as an output for control mod-
ules that require precise vehicle speed information.

K BUS INTERFACE - The K Bus is used to transfer data between the cluster and other
modules on the link. The diagnostic interface also passes over the K Bus for troubleshoot-
ing with the DIS Tester.

LOW FUEL - Based on the processing for the low fuel indicator lamp, this output is also
sent to the DME control module. The signal is stored along with a mis-fire detection fault
for troubleshooting purposes.

GONG OUTPUT - T3, The T3 tone is used for check control warnings.

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E46 Driver information
REDUNDANT DATA STORAGE

Specific information is stored redundantly in the instrument cluster and in the Light Switch
Module. The data stored redundantly includes:

VIN VIN VIN

Total Mileage TOTAL MILEAGE TOTAL MILEAGE

Service Interval data SERVICE INTERVAL

INFORMATION
SERVICE INTERVAL
INFORMATION

80 3 4

The redundant storage

60 100
100
120 140
160
2 1/min
x1000
5
80 180 120
40
6
K-BUS 1
60 200
12
11 40 220
0
20 20 240 140
0 7

of this information allows

UNLEADED GASOLINE ONLY 50 30 20 15
km/h 12
MPH

for the replacement of a

LSZ
module without the loss
of the total mileage
MANIPULATION DOT
accumulated or the loss
of the SI data.

The data is compared each time KL 15 is switched on. If the data does not match, the
manipulation dot in the mileage display block will be illuminated.

The following points must be noted with regards to the redundant storage of this data.

1. If the vehicle ID number is not the same in both modules, the manipulation dot is illumi-
nated. All functions of both modules continue to operate.

2. Data will only be transferred from the LSZ to the cluster if the ID numbers match and the
cluster mileage is zero.

3. The VIN is entered in the cluster through coding and will only be accepted when the clus-
ter mileage is zero.

4. The stored mileage in the LSZ can only be overwritten by a higher mileage.

5. If the two mileage values stored vary by more than 120, and the VINs are the same, the
cluster will continue to accumulate mileage and a fault will be stored in the cluster for
data transfer.

6. If the K-Bus link fails, the cluster will continue to store mileage and set a fault for the Bus
link.

New components should only be installed for replacement purposes and not for use as test
components for diagnosis as miles will accumulate if the vehicle is driven for road testing
purposes.
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E46 Driver Information
14
E46 Driver information
SIA IV

Models: E46

Production: From start of production

80 3 4
60 100
100
120 140
160
2 1/min
x1000
5
80 180 120
40
12 60 200 1 6
11 40 220
0
20 20 240 140
UNLEADED GAS OLINE ONLY 0 5030 20 15 7
km/h 12
MPH

Made in Germany
Mmiles

OILSERVICE
15000 Miles

SIA IV Components:

Instrument Cluster with LED display

DME

Vehicle Speed Signal

Instrument Cluster (IKE, KOMBI) with LED Display

The Instrument cluster calculates the Service Interval. The cluster is also responsible for
displaying the mileage reading for the next service.

DME
The DME provides the Fuel Consumption (ti) signal.

ASC/DSC Control Module

The vehicle speed signal is provided by the ASC or DSC control module.

15
E46 Driver Information
Principle of Operation

Starting with the E46 a new method for displaying

the Service Interval is used. Colored LEDs are no
longer used to display the amount of time until the
next service or inspection is due. OILSERVICE

With the SIA IV system, the actual mileage remain- 15000 Miles

ing until the next service will be displayed for five

seconds when the ignition is first switched on.

The text OIL SERVICE or INSPECTION will also illuminate to show which service is due.
A minus symbol( - ) before the mileage display indicates that a service is past due.

The calculation process for determining the service interval is similar to SIA III. A set
volume is stored in the Cluster. The processor receives the ti signal from DME as the vehi-
cle is driven. The Cluster also receives the vehicle speed signal from the ASC/DSC control
module.

Based on the amount of fuel consumed and the distance traveled, the processor calculates
the distance remaining to the next service.

Workshop Hints

Reset of the SIA can be done using special tool 62 1 110 if the vehicle is equipped with the
20 pin under-hood diagnosis connector.

On 2001 MY vehicles onward without the diagnostic connector in the engine compartment,
the use of the S.I reset tool is not possible. The Service Indicator may be reset using the
Reset Mode in the Instrument Cluster or with Diagnosis.

16
E46 Driver information
Reset procedure using the Reset Mode. (possible from 9/99 onward for E46, MY2001 E52)

Ignition key must be off

Press and hold the trip odometer button in the instrument cluster (left button), and turn
the ignition key to the first position (KLR).

Keep the button pressed for approximately 5 seconds until one of the following words
appear in the display: OIL SERVICE, or INSPECTION, with reset.

Release the reset button and press and hold it again until reset begins to flash.

While the display is flashing, press the left button briefly to reset the service interval.
After the display has shown the new interval, the following will appear: END SIA

The system can only be reset again after 10 liters (2.5gal) of fuel have been consumed.

1
2
80 3 4
60 100
100
120 140
160
2 1/min
x1000
5
80 180 120
40
12
60 200 1 6
11 40 220
0
PRESS AND UNLEADED GASOLINE ONLY
20 20 240 140
0 50 30 20 15 7
km/h 12
HOLD LEFT MPH

TURN KEY TO POSITION

BUTTON Mmiles

1 (KLR)

ESET SIA END SIA

OILSERVICE
15000 Miles

KEEP PRESSED
E46 service interval reset
FOR 5 SECONDS
AFTER KEY IS
SWITCHED ON.

TAP BUTTON TO
RESET SI DISPLAY

17
E46 Driver Information
Reset using Diagnosis Program
Connect the Diagnosis head to the diagnostic connector of the vehicle.

Identify the vehicle and perform the Short Test.

Select Function Selection and then Service Functions.

Highlight Reset Service Interval Indicator (Test module S6211-00001)

Select with tester.

Follow the directions from the help information in the test module (upper right corner).

Select which service is to be reset and press the continue key.

An acknowledgement is displayed on the screen that the reset has been carried out.

Instrument Cluster Replacement

If the instrument cluster (Kombi) is replaced the SI data can be retrieved from the LSZ on
E46 vehicles and from the LCM III on the E52. Coding procedures are the same as SIA II.

Diagnosis
Diagnosis of the SIA System is carried out using the Diagnosis program of the DISplus or
MoDiC III.

System Test: Also possible Read SIA Data: Displays

from the Instrument Cluster Self Instrument cluster data as well as
Test, the Display Test illuminates SIA data. SIA data allows the tech-
the Service Interval Display. To nician to verify that the SIA system
enter the test: is using the proper calculation as
Function Selection well as viewing the current status
Service Functions of the system. To enter
Body Function Selection
Instrument Cluster Service Functions
System Test Body
Test Schedule Instrument Cluster
Service Interval Indicator Data
Test Schedule

Test Modules: Problems with the SIA System can be diagnosed

using fault or Symptom driven test modules. To begin diagnosis:
Short Test
Select Symptom from Symptom selection page
Select Test module from Test Plan Page
Test Schedule

18
E46 Driver information
ON BOARD COMPUTER
The On Board computer of the E46 contains the following functions:

Time
Outside temperature
Average fuel consumption
Driving range on remaining fuel
Average speed

The current time is always displayed when KL R is switched on. Any other BC display value
can be called up by pressing the turn signal lever.

To set the clock turn the odometer reset button to the left or right to set the desired time.

To reset any other programmable displays - hold the turn signal lever in for > 2 seconds.

A freeze warning is incorporated into the BC. If the temperature drops below 37 degrees,
the gong will sound and the temperature display will flash.

The displays of the Board computer can be changed over from Fahrenheit to Celsius by
pressing the instrument cluster button and switching the ignition key on. IHKA display will
also change over. The average fuel consumption and average speed displays are reset by
pressing and holding the turn signal lever for > 2 seconds. The BC then starts to calculate
new average values.

19
E46 Driver Information
INSTRUMENT CLUSTER TEST FUNCTIONS
In addition to the fault memory and diagnostic link, the base instrument cluster contains a
series of test functions that can be accessed to check various functions and values. The
test functions are displayed in the mileage LCD block. There are a total of 21 test functions.
The test functions are similar to those of previous Board computers and contain similar
tests.

Tests 1 & 2 are always unlocked.

Tests 3 -21 are only accessible after unlocking the test function. Test 19 is the unlock
function for accessing the displays.

Scrolling through the

numbered test func-
tions is achieved by
pressing the instru-
ment cluster button.
The button is either
momentarily pressed
(tapped) < 1 second
or pressed and held
for > 1 second.

This signals the BC to

display the sub-tests
of the displayed main
test menu or continue
on to the next main
test menu.
20
E46 Driver information
TEST 01. - Vehicle specific data including:

SubTests:
12345 1.0 = VIN
4812 1.1 = Body number
834762 6_1.2 = Part number of cluster
010203 1.3 = Coding/Diagnosis/Bus index
3495 1.4 = Manufacturing date (calendar week/year)
04_600 1.5 = Hardware/software # of cluster (HW:04, SW:6.00)
415_06 3_1.6 = Injection status, number of cylinders, engine factor

TEST 02. - Cluster System Test - activates the gauge drivers, indicators and LEDs to con-
firm function.

TEST 03. - SI data

Sub Tests:
1500 3.0 = Liters
0 3.1 = Periodic inspection days (not applicable for US).

TEST 04. - Momentary Consumption

Sub Tests:
0267 4.0 = 26.7 liters/1000km
0073 4.1 = 7.3 liters per hour

TEST 05. - Distance Gone Consumption

Sub Tests:
0195 5.0 = 19.5 liters/100 km
226 5.1 = momentary distance to go (226km)

TEST 06. - Fuel level sensor inputs in liters

Sub Tests:
237415 6.0 = Fuel level averaged LH sensor input = 23.7 liters
RH sensor Input = 41.5 liters

0652 6.1= Total tank level averaged = 65.2 liters

0667 1_6.2 = Indicated value and tank phase 1 = both sensors OK

2 = one sensor fault
3 = implausible input

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E46 Driver Information
TEST 07. - Temperature and Speed

Sub Tests:
032 7.0 = Coolant temp input 32OC
245 7.1 = Outside temp input 24.5OC
5283 7.2 = Engine speed 5,283 RPM
058 7.3 = Vehicle speed 58km/H

TEST 08. - Input values in HEX form

Sub Tests:
XXX 8.0 - 8.3 = Hex code, Instrument cluster inputs

TEST 09. - Battery voltage

Sub Test:
125 9.0 = 12.5 volts

TEST 10. - Country Coding

Sub Test:
02 10.0 = US 02

TEST 11. - Cluster code

Sub Test:
000003 11.0 = Cluster code

TEST 12. - Not Used

TEST 13. - GONG test

Sub Test:
Gong 13.0 = Activate gong by pressing button (gong response is delayed).

TEST 14. - Fault memory (not for diagnosis)

TEST 15 to 18 - Not used

22
E46 Driver information
TEST 19. - LOCK/UNLOCK

Sub-Tests
L-ON...
L-OFF 19.0 =

Display changes from L-ON to L-OFF every second. To unlock test functions, press
the cluster button immediately when it changes to L-OFF.
Tests are automatically locked when exiting test functions.

TEST 20. - Not Used

TEST 21. - Software reset

Sub-Test:
reset 21.0 = Reset software

23
E46 Driver Information
LIGHT SWITCH CENTER (LSZ)
The Light Switch Center is a compact component that combines the electronic control,
switching, and monitoring for all exterior lighting on the E46. In addition the LSZ controls
the illumination and intensity of the instrument cluster lighting and LCD blocks. The LSZ
assembly is mounted in the dash and consists of two serviceable components; the
switch assembly and the control module.

The LSZ provides the functions of the LCM including: LSZ

Hot and cold monitoring of the exterior lights.

Emergency lighting function
Short circuit protection
Redundant storage of mileage and SI data

The total scope of the LSZ system includes the following:

LSZ control module

LSZ switch assembly
High-low beam/turn signal switch LSZ
Brake light switch
Hazard warning light switch
Fog light relay
BULB MONITORING BULB ACTIVATION
Exterior lights
Dash/LCD lighting
80 3 4
60 100
100
120 140
160
2 1/min
x1000
5
80 180 120
40
12 60 200 1 6

K-BUS 11 40 220
0
140

GM V
20 20 240
UNLEADED GASOLINE ONLY 0 50 30 20 15 7
km/h 12
MPH

DATA LINK
AGS

24
E46 Driver information
COMPONENT OPERATION

The LSZ control module receives inputs from the following switches:

Headlight/parking light switch, fog light switch, potentiometer and photo-transistor mount-
ed in the LSZ switch assembly.

These inputs are received directly from the LSZ switch assembly.

TURN SIGNAL/HIGHBEAM SWITCH

The turn signal and headlight (high/low) beam are resistance coded inputs over two wires
to the LSZ control module. The LSZ carries out the switching function based on the volt-
age drop input.

HAZARD WARNING SWITCH

The hazard switch provides a ground input to the LSZ to control the operation of the haz-
ard warning lights.
The hazard warning lights will be switched on in the event of an accident from the crash
sensor input provided by the MRS control module.

BRAKE LIGHT SWITCH

The brake light switch is a hall sensor that receives power when KL R is switched on. The
switch is low until the brake pedal is pressed. When the LSZ receives a high signal from
the switch the brake lights are switched on.
If the hall sensor fails, the brake lights will be switched on continuously.

25
E46 Driver Information
E46 Convertible Third Brake light

The E46iC uses Neon technology for the third brake light which is mounted in the trunk lid.
The remainder of the exterior lighting circuits carry over from the E46 Sedan and
Coupes.The Electronic brake light switch is the input to the LSZ for brake light activation.
The LSZ, as an output, provides power to the Neon light module for activation of the light.
The light module consists of the ignitor, and Neon tube.
The use of neon lighting provides several advantages
to automobile manufacturers and consumers:

Light failures caused by shock and vibration are minimized,

because neon operates without a filament.

The average life of the light is considerably higher as

compared to incandescent bulbs.

Styling of the light includes a more uniform distribution of

light across the lens, and neon tubes can be bent to
conform to the contour of the vehicle.
Amber neon allows the use of a clear lens (for vehicle color
schemes).
Neon enhances safety because of the extremely fast igni-
tion time of the light (instantaneous braking signal), allowing
Neon Technology other drivers more time to react.
Neon (symbol Ne) produces a glow in
a vacuum electric-discharge tube and is used extensively in the familiar advertising dis-
plays.

A neon light is a glass bulb or tube containing neon (gaseous element) at low pressure,
and two metallic electrodes. To make a neon light, the tube is bent while warmed, to the
desired shape and sealed at both ends. During the sealing process, electrodes are added
at each end. An access port is left near one end and a vacuum is applied to the interior
of the tube. After the air and humidity has been removed, the neon gas is added under
low pressure and the tube is sealed.

The light produces a reddish-orange glow when an electric current (applied across the
electrodes) is raised in voltage to the point at which it ionizes the gas in the tube. The
voltage at which the light glows varies with the design of the tube. When the glass tube is
ionized, the voltage drop across the tube is constant, regardless of the amount of current
flowing through the tube. The neon glows with an even intensity throughout the length of
the tube.

A variant of this is the glass tube containing ionized neon at very low pressure. The tube
shines with a brilliant red glow if a high-voltage alternating current is applied to the elec-
trodes sealed in the ends of the tube.
26
E46 Driver Information
LAMP MONITORING
Lamp monitoring on the E46 is a function of the LSZ control module. The following lamps
are monitored in both the hot and cold states:

High/low beams
Brake lights - left/right
Turn signal lights
Tail lights
Parking lights
Side marker lights
License plate lights

Hot monitoring takes place when the lights are switched by monitoring the current flow
through the lamp filaments.

Cold monitoring takes place by the LSZ when the lights are switched off. The LSZ will briefly
activate the lighting circuits and check for current flow through the lamps. The lights are not
switched on long enough to illuminate the bulbs.

If the LSZ detects a defective bulb, a signal is sent to the instrument cluster and the warn-
ing is posted in the Check Control pictogram.

27
E46 Driver information
HOME LIGHTING

This convenience feature provides lighting for the driver and passengers to leave the vehi-
cle and enter their house.

The feature is switched on by activating the headlight flasher switch after the lights and igni-
tion are switched off.

The feature is switched off after the coded time delay or by switching the ignition switch on.

REDUNDANT STORAGE

The LSZ serves as the redundant storage module in parallel with the instrument cluster.
This includes all data used for vehicle identification which is encoded on the assembly line.
In addition the total mileage and SI data are also stored in the LSZ.

If either the Cluster or LSZ has to be replaced, the data is taken from the remaining mod-
ule and transferred to the replacement unit. This can only occur ONCE the VIN has been
entered into the replacement unit. Once the VIN is entered, the module becomes part of
the vehicle and can not be interchanged with another vehicle.

28
E46 Driver information
EMERGENCY (FAIL SAFE) LIGHTING
The LSZ provides emergency lighting in the event of a control module failure. If the proces-
sor of the LSZ control module fails, back up hardware will allow the following lighting cir-
cuits to function:

Low Beam headlights

Tail lights
Parking Lights
Brake Lights

The headlights and tail lights will come on as soon as KL 15 is switched on, the brake will
operate when the brake pedal is pressed.

29
E46 Driver Information
XENON HEADLIGHTS
OVERVIEW
The automotive industry/press often identify xenon lighting systems as HID (high intensity
discharge) systems. Xenon headlight technology was first introduced to the US market
exclusively on the E32 750iL in 1993. BMW xenon headlight systems have evolved and
their availability as optional equipment has spread throughout the model lineup.

Blue/White in color and using ellipsoidal technology Xenon headlights provide improved
night time visibility in all driving conditions compared with traditional Halogen bulb head-
lights.

BENEFITS:
Xenon headlights provide the following benefits:

Longer bulb life. Typically, xenon bulbs will last from 3 to 5 times longer than halogen.
More light output. Xenon headlights produce from 2.5 to 3 times more lumens than
halogen.
Blue/White light (simulates natural daylight). Xenon bulbs produce a blue/white light
while halogen bulbs produce a yellow light. The light color of a light source is measured
in color temperature (not to be confused with thermal temperature). Color temperature
is measured in Kelvins (K). The higher the color temperature the whiter the light.
Natural daylight = 4,500 to 5,000 K
Xenon headlights = 4,000 to 4,500 K
Halogen headlights = 3,200 K (yellow in color)
Better driving visibility.
The combination of higher
lumens and higher color
temperature provide a supe-
rior lighting source.

The beam is wider and

brighter in front of the vehi-
cle than conventional halo-
gen bulbs improving safety
and driver comfort.

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E46 Driver Information
VERSION IDENTIFICATION & SYSTEM SUMMARIES

Version identification is specific to vehicle model with the exception of the E38.

There are two E38 Xenon systems. The early sys-

tem identified as Generation 2.1 and equipped on
95-98 model year 750iL vehicles. The headlight
design of this version has a flat bottom edge.

The Generation 3 system has been introduced on

1999 model year E38 vehicles. This system can be
visually identified by the rounded bottom edge of
the headlight assembly. E46 Headlight

LWR: All 1999 model year systems are also equipped with LWR (Headlight Beam Throw
Control). This system automatically adjusts the vertical position of the headlight beams to
compensate for vehicle loads ensuring optimum beam throw. LWR components and func-
tion is described further on in this section.

Headlight Replacement Parts: In previous model years, individual replacement parts

were not available for headlight assemblies. This was due to the Federal Motor Vehicle
Safety Standards (FMVSS) relating to pitting or corrosion of the reflector components in
non-sealed beam light assemblies.

BMW has submitted corrosion test data for headlight replacement components which have
passed the FMVSS providing availability of headlight assembly spare parts. The approval
has been given for all Bosch headlight assemblies (including halogen systems).

Vehicle/ Model Manufacturer(s)/ LWR- Head Individual

Model Year Version ID Light Beam Replacement
Throw Cont. Parts Available

E32/ 93-94 Hella (Light & No No

750iL CM control module)
Generation 1

E38/ 95-98 Bosch (Light & CM) No Yes

750iL Generation 2.1

E38/ 99- Bosch (light) Yes Yes

All Hella (CM)
Generation 3

E39 99- Hella Yes No

All Generation 3

E46 99- Bosch (Light & CM) Yes Yes

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E46 Driver Information
XENON HIGH INTENSITY DISCHARGE BULBS

Xenon bulbs are identified as D-2S (D=Discharge).

Xenon bulbs illuminate when an arc of electrical cur-
rent is established between two electrodes in the bulb.

The xenon gas sealed in the bulb reacts to the electri-

cal excitation and heat generated by the current flow.
The distinct bluish/white brilliant light is the result of the
xenon gas reacting to the controlled current flow.

Phases of Bulb Operation:

Starting Phase: The bulb requires an initial high voltage starting pulse of 18-25kV to estab-
lish the arc.
Warm Up Phase: Once the arc is established the power supply to the bulb is regulated to
2.6A generating a lamp output of 75 watts. This is the period of operation where the xenon
gas begins to brightly illuminate. The warm up phase stabilizes the environment in the bulb
ensuring continual current flow across the electrodes.
Continuous Phase: Once the warm up phase is completed, the system switches to a con-
tinuous mode of operation. The supply voltage for the bulb is reduced and the operating
power required for continual bulb illumination is reduced to 35 watts which is less than a
conventional halogen bulb.

FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION

To regulate the power supply to the bulbs, additional components are required. The xenon
control modules (1 per light) receive operating power from the lighting control module (LCM
E38/E39 -- LSZ E46) when the headlights are switched on. The xenon control modules pro-
vide the regulated power supply to illuminate the bulbs through their phases of operation.

The igniters establish the electric arcs. Integral coils generate the initial high voltage start-
ing pulses from the control module provided starting voltage. Thereafter they provide a
closed circuit for the regulated power output from the control modules.

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E46 Driver Information
XENON BULB MONITORING

Xenon bulb function is monitored by the Lighting Control Module (LCM E38/E39 -- LSZ
E46). The bulbs are only hot monitored. Cold monitoring is not possible since the light-
ing control module is not in direct control of the xenon bulb. For this reason cold monitor-
ing for low beam headlights is encoded off in the lighting control module for Xenon head-
light equipped vehicle.

The lighting control module detects xenon bulb failure via a reduction in current flow to the
xenon control module. When a bulb fails, the xenon control modules current consumption
drops to 60mA indicating unsuccessful xenon bulb illumination. The lighting control mod-
ule then posts the appropriate matrix display message or LED illumination in the Check
Control Pictogram display of the E46 and E39 Low Instrument Clusters.

XENON HEADLIGHT ASSEMBLY COMPONENTS (Example - E46)

Xenon Control H-7 Halogen Bulb

Module Cover (High Beam)
Rubber Cover Boot
Xenon Control Module

LWR Stepper Motor

Igniter

Gasket Seal D-2S Xenon Bulb

(Low Beam)

Light Frame Assembly

Replaceable Lens Cover

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E46 Driver Information
DIAGNOSIS

Xenon control modules are not connected to the diagnostic link. However, the vehicle spe-
cific Lighting Control Module (E38/E39 - LCM or E46 - LSZ) does incorporate xenon head-
light specific diagnosis up to the xenon control module.

XENON HEADLIGHT TESTING

Warning: Xenon headlight control systems generate high output voltage. Prior to head-
light removal or testing observe the vehicle warning labels and be cautious by following
safeguards to prevent accidental injury.

All xenon headlight systems (control

module, igniter and bulb) can be test-
ed with Special Test Adapter (P/N 90
88 6 631 000) in conjunction with the
DIS Measurement System only.

Refer to SI 04 33 96 for detailed

adapter introductory information.

The DIS Measuring System includes all

of the cable connection information
and test procedures in the Xenon
Preset Measurement.

The test provides an automatic oscilloscope setup and provides conclusive defective/not
defective test results.

XENON HEADLIGHT SI/TRI BULLETINS

SI 6308 98: Xenon Headlamp Reduced Service Life - 1999 740iL. This bulletin address
a small group of possibly defective xenon control modules. This bulletin uses the spe-
cial test adapter and specific oscilloscope setup procedures to check the xenon con-
trol module output.

SI 63 02 98: E39 Headlight Alignment Procedure

SI 63 02 93: Xenon Headlights - Color, Fuses, Warranty

TRI 63 01 92: Gas Discharge Xenon Low Beam Headlights.

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E46 Driver Information
HEADLIGHT BEAM THROW CONTROL- LWR

OVERVIEW

LWR automatically adjusts the vertical positioning of the headlights to maintain optimum
headlight beam positioning for maximum driving visibility and to prevent undue glare for
oncoming motorists. The system compensates for vehicle load angle changes (ie: dimin-
ishing reserve of gasoline in fuel tank during a long journey, overloaded cargo weight, etc.)

LWR has been available on BMW vehicles in other markets for quite some time. Starting
with the 1999 model year all US market vehicles with Xenon Lights incorporate LWR as
standard equipment. LWR is not available with standard halogen headlights.

LWR monitors the vehicles loaded angle via two hall effect sensors mounted to the front
and rear suspension members. When an adjustment is necessary, LWR simultaneously
activates two stepper motors (one in each headlight assembly).

The stepper motors drive a threaded rod that moves the lower edge of the headlight carri-
er plate forward and backward (depending on driven direction). The upper edge of the
headlight carrier plate is fixed on a pivot. The pivoting movement adjusts the vertical posi-
tion of the headlight beam.

Note: LWR is identified in the Diagnosis Program as LRA.

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E46 Driver Information
LWR COMPONENTS
CONTROL ELECTRONICS

LSZ - E46

The E46 LWR function is integrated into the control electronics of the LSZ. The LSZ mon-
itors the required input signals to provide the LWR function and directly activates the step-
per motors in the headlight assemblies. All LWR diagnosis is accessed through the LSZ
control module.

LEVEL SENSORS

LWR monitors two hall effect level sensors to

determine vehicle load angle. The sensors
are mounted to a fixed point on the suspen-
sion carriers of the front and rear axles.

A lever is connected to the moving suspen-

sion member which changes the sensors out-
put linear voltage signal as the suspension
moves up and down.

HEADLIGHT ADJUSTMENT STEPPER MOTORS

One stepper motor is located inside each

headlight assembly.

The 4 wire stepper motors are controlled

by the LWR control electronics to change
the vertical headlight position.

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E46 Driver Information
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION

The E46 LWR system comes on-line when the ignition switch is turned to KL 15.

The LWR control electronics then cycles the stepper motors through their full range of
motion and stops at a default position.

The control electronics monitors the level sensor input signals to determine the vehicles
load angle and adjusts the beam position accordingly. As the vehicle is driven it continual-
ly monitors the level sensor signals and if necessary updates the headlight beam positions
every 25 seconds.

Abrupt fluctuations of the sensor signals are filtered to prevent unnecessary adjustment as
well as monitoring road speed.

HEADLIGHT ALIGNMENT

The procedure for aligning Xenon Headlights with LWR is the same as conventional halo-
gen bulb systems with one additional step. Wait at least 30 seconds for the LWR to cycle
and adjust to its calculated position.

LWR DIAGNOSIS

The E46 LSZ incorporates LWR diagnosis program.

LWR SYSTEM IPO SCHEMATIC

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E46 Driver Information
MULTI-FUNCTION STEERING WHEEL
The multi-function steering wheel of the E46 corresponds to the MFL introduced on the E38
and carried over to the E39. The wheel contains two key pads on the left and right side of
the air bag that allow activation and control of various driver convince systems.

As with previous MFLs, the left side key pad contains controls for the sound system and
telephone. The right side key pad contains the controls for the cruise control.

The K-Bus is used for data communication between the sound system/telephone controls.
The cruise control has its own data link to the DME control module for cruise control oper-
ation.

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E46 Driver information