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Single Ended Primary Inductance Converter (Sepic) : DVG V

The SEPIC (Single-Ended Primary Inductance Converter) converter can both step up and step down an input voltage while maintaining the same polarity and ground reference for the input and output. It has become popular for battery-powered systems that require varying the output voltage. The SEPIC uses two inductors and a capacitor to transfer energy from the input to the output during both the on and off times of the power switch, providing a non-pulsating input current. Its operation and conversion gain can be analyzed through circuit diagrams showing the energy transfer during the on/off times and using KVL to solve for the output voltage.

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126 views3 pages

Single Ended Primary Inductance Converter (Sepic) : DVG V

The SEPIC (Single-Ended Primary Inductance Converter) converter can both step up and step down an input voltage while maintaining the same polarity and ground reference for the input and output. It has become popular for battery-powered systems that require varying the output voltage. The SEPIC uses two inductors and a capacitor to transfer energy from the input to the output during both the on and off times of the power switch, providing a non-pulsating input current. Its operation and conversion gain can be analyzed through circuit diagrams showing the energy transfer during the on/off times and using KVL to solve for the output voltage.

Uploaded by

srikaanth06
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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3.

Single Ended Primary Inductance Converter (SEPIC)

3.1 INTRODUCTION
The most basic converter that we looked at last month is the buck converter. It is so
named because it always steps down, or bucks, the input voltage. The output of the converter is
given by:

V 0 DVg
Interchange the input and the output of the buck converter, and you get the second basic
converter the boost. The boost always steps up, hence its name. The output voltage is always
higher than the input voltage, and is given by:
1
V0 Vs
D'
What if you have an application where you need to both step up and step down,
depending on the input and output voltage? You could use two cascaded converters a buck and
a boost. Unfortunately, this requires two separate controllers and switches. It is, however, a good
solution in many cases.

The buck-boost converter has the desired step up and step down functions:
D
V0 Vg
D'

The output is inverted. A fly back converter (isolated buck-boost) requires a transformer
instead of just an inductor, adding to the complexity of the development.

One converter that provides the needed input-to-output gain is the Sepic (single- ended
primary inductor converter) converter. A Sepic converter is shown in Fig. 3.1. It has become
popular in recent years in battery-powered systems that must step up or down depending upon
the charge level of the battery.
Fig. 3.1.2 shows the circuit when the power switch is turned on. The first inductor, L1, is
charged from the input voltage source during this time. The second inductor takes energy from
the first capacitor, and the output capacitor is left to provide the load current. The fact that both
L1 and L2 are disconnected from the load when the switch is on leads to complex control
characteristics, as we will see later.
When the power switch is turned off, the first inductor charges the capacitor C1 and also
provides current to the load, as shown in Fig. 3.1.3 The second inductor is also connected to the
load during this time.
The output capacitor sees a pulse of current during the off time, making it inherently
noisier than a buck converter

Figure 3.1.1. The Sepic converter can both step up and step down the input voltage, while
maintaining the same polarity and the same ground reference for the input and output.

Figure 3.1.2. When the switch is turned on, the input inductor is charged from the source,
and the second inductor is charged from the first capacitor. No energy is supplied to the
load capacitor during this time. Inductor current and capacitor voltage polarities are
marked in this figure.
Figure 3.1.3. With the switch off, both inductors provide current to the load capacitor

The input current is non-pulsating, a distinct advantage in running from a battery supply.

Figure 3.1.4. In order to take advantage of Vorprians PWM switch model, the circuit
elements must first be rearranged. The function of the original topology is retained when
the capacitor is moved, and the second inductor is redrawn.

Figure 3.1.5. For DC analysis, the small signal sources are set to zero, inductors become
short circuits, and capacitors become open circuits. After the circuit is redrawn, it is a
trivial matter to write KVL around the outer loop of the circuit to solve for the conversion
gain of the converter.

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