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The document summarizes several major revolutions that changed the world between the 15th-19th centuries, including political revolutions in England and France as well as the Industrial Revolution. It discusses the decline of feudalism in England and emergence of parliament and the middle class, leading to the English Civil War. It also outlines the causes and key events of the French Revolution, including the influence of philosophers and despotic kings, and how it led to the end of feudalism in France. Finally, it provides an overview of the Industrial Revolution and how it brought on major economic and social changes with the rise of capitalism.

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26 views75 pages

56 10his2

The document summarizes several major revolutions that changed the world between the 15th-19th centuries, including political revolutions in England and France as well as the Industrial Revolution. It discusses the decline of feudalism in England and emergence of parliament and the middle class, leading to the English Civil War. It also outlines the causes and key events of the French Revolution, including the influence of philosophers and despotic kings, and how it led to the end of feudalism in France. Finally, it provides an overview of the Industrial Revolution and how it brought on major economic and social changes with the rise of capitalism.

Uploaded by

sruthy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as ODP, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 75

Age of

Revolutions
The World has Changed

Renaissance

Geographical Discoveries

Reformation
1. Civil War in England
2. French Revolution
3. Industrial Revolution
4. Agrarian Revolution
5. Capitalism
6. Socialism
Civil War in England

v
Decline of Feudalism
v
Emergence of Middle Class
Tudor Kings & Stuart Kings

Parliament Feudalist

Henry 7
James 1

Charles 1
Middle Class
Puritans Catholics
Anglicans
James I(1603-1625)
Charles I (1625-1649)
King & Parliament

Feudal MiddleClass
The Puritans were the followers of the
Protestant reformer John Calvin in
England
Important Events
Petition of Right in 1628
Long Parliament (1640- 1660)
Commonwealth period (1649-
1658)
Rump Parliament
Bloodless Revolution
Bill of Rights of 1689
Petition of Right in 1628
CharlesII
(1660-1685)
James II
(1685-1688)
Results - Bloodless Revolution
Bill of Rights of 1689
Freedom of Religion &
Expression
only Anglican Church members
- to the Throne
People became Free
Parliament became Supreme
French Revolution
Reason

Despotic Kings, Feudal
Order, Social Inequality
Aim

Liberty, Equality, Fraternity
Result

End of Feudalism
3 Estates in Society
1. Clergy
(Pray)
2. Nobles
(Fight)
3. People
(Pay)
King, Feudal Lords
& Clergy
Exploited the
Peasants
Causes of French
Revolution
q
French Middle Class
q
Influence of Philosophers
q
Despotic kings
French Middle Class
Educated Wealthy People
Traders, Bankers, Lawyers
Bourgeoisie
Key role in Production
No role in Administration
Influence of Philosophers
Enlightenment Thinkers

Rousseau Social Contract

Voltaire

Montesquieu

Man is born free; but every


where he is in chains-
Despotic kings
Divine Right of Kingship
Fall of Economy
Suppressed all Opposition
- Louis XIV
Role of Necker & Turgot
Louis XIV
Necker
Turgot
National Assembly
Separate Vote for each Estate
One Person One Vote

The commons met nearby


Tennis Court and declared
itself as the National Assembly
(Oath of Tennis Court )
- Beginning of Revolution
Oath of Tennis Court
Fall of Bastille 14th July, 1789

Symbol of Royal Power


Work of the National Assembly

A uniform administrative system


The Church under the State.
Church Land was Nationalised.
Taxes for all
No Special privileges to Lords
Feudalism was abolished.
A limited monarchy
The main Political Parties

Jacobins Girondists
Revolutionaries Moderates

In India Moderates &


Extremists were there
Jacobins
Girondists
Execution of Louis 16 th
Guillotine
Guillotine
After the Execution
v
War bt. Neighbouring Countries
v
Civil War broke out
v
Committee of Public Safety
v
Revolutionary Govt. lost Power
v
Directory of 5 Directors
v
It was overthrown by Napoleon
Rise of Middle Class

Empowerment of 3rd Estate

National Assembly

Fall of Bastille

Constituent Assembly
Declaration of Human Rights

Legislature

Jacobins & Girondists

National Convention

Republic
Napoleon Bonaparte
Contributions of Napoleon

French National Unity

Role of Middle Class in Society

Church under State

The Peasants - Land Owners

Bank of France

General Education

Achievements in Transport

The Code of Napoleon


Napoleon was
defeated at
Waterloo in 1815
under the
leadership of
Britain
Congress of Vienna 1815

To restore the political map


of Europe
Leader Austrian Chancellor,
Count Matternich
Rejected Nationalism,
Democracy and the ideas by
the French Revolution.
Features

Human Labour by Machines

Factory system

Investment of Capital

Transport, Bank, Stock Comp.

Emergence of Capitalism
Guild System
Factory System
Reform Act in 1832

Middle class got


equal Status with the
Nobles
The Chartist Movement 1838-50

To achieve the rights of the


q

workers.

q
Political & Social Reform in
England

Failed but unity of Workers


q
Ludite Movement
First Organised
Movement against
Machines by the
Workers
Laissez-faire Policy
Government should not
interfere activities of
Capitalists
Results of New Labour Class
& Chartist Movement

Officials to inspect factories.

Employing children below the


age of 9 was prohibited.

The working hours of women


labourers were educed to ten.
Theories of Capitalism

Free economic activities

Wealthy have the right to spend


money as they wish

No interference by Govt

Govt. to maintain law and order &


protecting private properties

Not recognised the right of the


workers
Thomas Malthus
Jeremy Bentham
S
o
c
i
a
l
i
s
m
Robert Owen
Charles Fourier
George
Bernard
Shaw
Socialism advocates Theory
Utopian
RobertOwen, Productionunder
CharlesFourier, society.

Socialism
SaintSimon

Collectivism
LouisBlanc Stateshouldcontrol
production

Syndicalism
Proudhon factoriesbyjoint
committees

Fabian
BernardShaw Societyrootedin
democracyandpeace.

Socialism
Scientific
KarlMarx Modeofproduction
determinesthesociety

Socialism
Karl
Marx
Mode of
Production
determines
the Society
Agrarian Revolution
q
Increase of population
Increase of food production
q
Cultivation by Machines
q
Open Field System
q
Four year Rotation of crops
q
In Animal Husbandry
q
Enclosure Movement
q
Colonisation & Imperialism
Lord Townshend
End

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