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    Isoelectric Point, Pi

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    RSL
    The isoelectric point (pI) is the pH at which an amino acid does not migrate in an electric field because it is neutral. The pI is calculated differently depending on whether the amino acid has a neutral, acidic, or basic side chain. For amino acids with a neutral side chain, the pI is the average of the acid dissociation constants (pKa) of the carboxyl and amino groups. For amino acids with an acidic side chain, the pI is lower due to an extra negative charge and is the average of one pKa and the side chain pKa. For amino acids with a basic side chain, the pI is higher due to an extra positive charge and is the average of

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    Isoelectric Point, Pi

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    RSL
    579 views2 pages
    The isoelectric point (pI) is the pH at which an amino acid does not migrate in an electric field because it is neutral. The pI is calculated differently depending on whether the amino acid has a neutral, acidic, or basic side chain. For amino acids with a neutral side chain, the pI is the average of the acid dissociation constants (pKa) of the carboxyl and amino groups. For amino acids with an acidic side chain, the pI is lower due to an extra negative charge and is the average of one pKa and the side chain pKa. For amino acids with a basic side chain, the pI is higher due to an extra positive charge and is the average of

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    Amino acid have pI at which they exist in neutral form

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    Isoelectric Point, pI

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    The isoelectric point (pI) is the pH at which an amino acid does not migrate in an electric field because it is neutral. The pI is calculated differently depending on whether the amino acid has a neutral, acidic, or basic side chain. For amino acids with a neutral side chain, the pI is the average of the acid dissociation constants (pKa) of the carboxyl and amino groups. For amino acids with an acidic side chain, the pI is lower due to an extra negative charge and is the average of one pKa and the side chain pKa. For amino acids with a basic side chain, the pI is higher due to an extra positive charge and is the average of

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    579 views2 pages

    Isoelectric Point, Pi

    Uploaded by

    RSL
    The isoelectric point (pI) is the pH at which an amino acid does not migrate in an electric field because it is neutral. The pI is calculated differently depending on whether the amino acid has a neutral, acidic, or basic side chain. For amino acids with a neutral side chain, the pI is the average of the acid dissociation constants (pKa) of the carboxyl and amino groups. For amino acids with an acidic side chain, the pI is lower due to an extra negative charge and is the average of one pKa and the side chain pKa. For amino acids with a basic side chain, the pI is higher due to an extra positive charge and is the average of

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 2

    Isoelectronic point, pI

    The isoelectronic point or isoionic point is the pH at which the amino


    acid does not migrate in an electric field.
    This means it is the pH at which the amino acid is neutral, i.e. the
    zwitterion form is dominant.
    A table of pKa and pI values can be found on the next page.
    The pI is given by the average of the pKas that involve the
    zwitterion, i.e. that give the boundaries to its existence.

    There are 3 cases to consider....

    neutral side chains

    These amino acids are characterised by two pKas : pKa1 and pKa2 for the
    carboxylic acid and the amine respectively.
    The isoelectronic point will be halfway between, or the average of, these two
    pKas, i.e. pI = 1/2 (pKa1 + pKa2). This is most readily appreciated when you
    realise that at very acidic pH (below pKa1) the amino acid will have an overall
    +ve charge and at very basic pH (above pKa2 ) the amino acid will have an
    overall -ve charge. For the simplest amino acid, glycine, pKa1= 2.34 and
    pKa2 = 9.6, pI = 5.97.

    The other two cases introduce other ionisable groups in the side chain "R"
    described by a third acid dissociation constant, pKa3

    acidic side chains

    The pI will be at a lower pH because the acidic side chain introduces an


    "extra" negative charge. So the neutral form exists under
    more acidic conditions when the extra -ve has been neutralised. For
    example, for aspartic acid shown below, the neutral form is dominant between
    pH 1.88 and 3.65, pI is halfway between these two values, i.e. pI = 1/2
    (pKa1 + pKa3), so pI = 2.77.
    basic side chains

    The pI will be at a higher pH because the basic side chain introduces an


    "extra" positive charge. So the neutral form exists under
    more basic conditions when the extra +ve has been neutralised. For
    example, for histidine, which was discussed on the previous page, the neutral
    form is dominant between pH 6.00 and 9.17, pI is halfway between these two
    values, i.e. pI = 1/2 (pKa2 + pKa3), so pI = 7.59.

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