3.

1 INTRODUCTION OF DVD PLAYER:

A DVD player is very similar to a CD player. It has a laser assembly
that shines the laser beam onto the surface of the disc to read the
pattern of bumps. The DVD player decodes the MPEG-2 encoded movie,
turning it into a standard composite video signal. The player also
decodes the audio stream and sends it to a Dolby decoder, where it is
amplified and sent to the speakers.

The DVD player has the job of finding and reading the data stored
as bumps on the DVD. Considering how small the bumps are, the DVD
player has to be an exceptionally precise piece of equipment.

For the player or drive to play the movie, the two codes must match.
The code is also printed on the back of a DVD package, superimposed
on a small image of the globe. If you have a DVD that was made for
release in Asia, you won't be able to play it on a DVD player intended
for use in Australia.

3.2 CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION:

3.21 VARIOUS SECTIONS OF A DVD PLAYER:

1) Power supply section
2) Disc drives & lens unit
3) Logic card
4) Audio amplifier section
5) Front panel & display
6) Back panel
All these sections has been described in detail afterwards

1. POWER SUPPLY OF DVD PLAYER: Switch

mode power supply (s.m.p.s) has been used in this model of
DVD player. Its PCB and circuit diagram has been on front
pages220 volts AC supply of mains line through NTC 10D and
line filter has been given to bridge rectifier made of 4 diodes,
(-) ve of this rectifier is called Floating ground. About 300
volts DC is available from the rectifier which has been
filtered by a 47MF (400V) capacitor. A 8 pin IC SLD36SR has
been used for switching in this S.M.P.S. 300 volt DC supply
has been given to one winding of S.M.P.S. transformer and
through the coil L1 ,300 volt DC supply has been given to pin
no 1,6,7 and 8 of the IC SLD36SR.through 470k(2 watt)
resistance 300 volt DC supply has been connected with pin
no3 of the IC acts as the base bias voltage of the switching
transistor present within the IC .After switching action has
started ,base bias voltage for pin no 3 of the IC is obtained by
rectifying the pulses developed in another winding of the
S.M.P.S. transformer by a diode 1N4007.

After switching has started, pulses develop in 3 other

windings of the S.M.P.S. transformer and by connecting
diodes and filter capacitors .various dc supplies has been
obtained as shown in the circuit diagram.
12v,5v,+12v,-12v,+A5v,+D5v supplies shown in the circuit
diagram has been given to the logic card .+5v,-21v,-f1(-10v),
+f2(-5v) supplies has been given to the front panel and VFD
display and -21v DC supply has been given to the audio
amplifier PCB .the ground of these low volt DC supplies is
called Chassis Ground. A 0.001MF (400V) capacitor has been
between chassis ground and floating ground
When difference in output voltage comes the feedback of
this information has to be given to the switching circuit
.Transistor TL431 and OPTO-COUPLER (922-0212) has been
used to give this feedback.5volts DC supply has been given
to the collector of the transistor through 100 ohm resistance
and to the base through 2K2 ohm resistance .The difference coming
in output voltage is amplified by the transistor which
increases or decreases the amount of light emitted by the
diode present inside the Opto-coupler . The value of current
flowing in the transistor present inside the Opto-coupler
depends on the amount of light falling on the base of this
transistor; less amount of light produces large current. This
 information reaches pin no. 4 of the IC and according to the
feedback change in switching action takes place and DC
supply of proper value continue to be available from the
S.M.P.S.

Opto-coupler is used to keep the switching circuit

and output circuit electronically from one another.

2. DISC DRIVE AND LENS UNIT:

• A drive motor to spin the disc - The drive motor is precisely
controlled to rotate between 200 and 500 rpm, depending
on which track is being read.
• A laser and a lens system to focus in on the bumps and read
them - The light from this laser has a smaller wavelength
(640 nanometers) than the light from the laser in a CD
player (780 nanometers), which allows the DVD laser to
focus on the smaller DVD pits.
• A tracking mechanism that can move the laser assembly so
the laser beam can follow the spiral track - The tracking
system has to be able to move the laser at micron
resolutions.

Inside the DVD player, there is a good bit of computer technology

involved in forming the data into understandable data blocks, and
sending them either to the DAC, in the case of audio or video data, or
directly to another component in digital format, in the case of digital
video or data.

The fundamental job of the DVD player is to focus the laser on the
track of bumps. The laser can focus either on the semi-transparent
reflective material behind the closest layer, or, in the case of a double-
layer disc, through this layer and onto the reflective material behind
the inner layer. The laser beam passes through the polycarbonate
layer, bounces off the reflective layer behind it and hits an opto-
electronic device, which detects changes in light. The bumps reflect
light differently than the "lands," the flat areas of the disc, and the
opto-electronic sensor detects that change in reflectivity. The
electronics in the drive interpret the changes in reflectivity in order to
read the bits that make up the bytes.

The hardest part of reading a DVD is keeping the laser beam

centered on the data track. This centering is the job of the tracking
system. As the DVD is played, the tracking system has to move the
laser continually outward. As the laser moves outward from the center
of the disc the bumps move past the laser at an increasing speed. This
happens because the linear, or tangential, speed of the bumps is equal
to the radius times the speed at which the disc is revolving. So, as the
laser moves outward, the spindle motor must slow the spinning of the
DVD so that the bumps travel past the laser at a constant speed, and
the data comes off the disc at a constant rate.

For the player or drive to play the movie, the two codes must
match. The code is also printed on the back of a DVD package,
superimposed on a small image of the globe. If you have a DVD that
was made for release in Asia, you won't be able to play it on a DVD
player intended for use in Australia.

3. LOGIC CARD OF DVD PLAYER: The main IC etc.

present on the logic card a common type DVD player have
been shown in diagram. Several ICs, transistor, capacitors,
microproceesor, etc., are present on this logic card. This
card is connected with other section through the connectors
described below.

Various DC supplies reach the logic card through a 10 pin

connector.

A 24-pin ribbon wire connects the logic card with the lens
unit present in the deck mechanism (A 16-pin flap was used
for this purpose in a VCD player).

From the logic card DC supplies reach various

motors of deck mechanism through 10-pin connector.
 VFD display and front panel have been connected
with the logic card through a 6-pin connector. IR signal and
other signals for keyboard and VFD pass through this 6-pin
connector.

Through a3 pin connector audio signals of L and R

channel are reaching the audio amplifier card.

4 AUDIO AMPLIFIER:

PCB and circuit diagram of this section has been shown.

For each channel IC LA4440 has been used in this section.

Audio of one channel is amplified by the transistor
C549C.Amplified audio passes through Bass and Treble
circuit and reaches the second transistor C549c.through
volume control audio amplified by the second transistor
reaches input pin no.2 of the IC LA4440.Audio of high power
is available between pin no.10 and 12 of this audio IC and
connected with the sockets present on the back panel of the
DVD player. External big speaker are connected with these
sockets to get high power sound. Similar arrangement is
present for the other channel of audio.

5.FRONT PANEL AND DISPLAY: The outer picture of

front panel and display of a common model of DVD player has
been shown below.

On front panel ON/OFFswitch is present on the left

side.In the middle there is the space for movement of disc
tray inside and outside. Remote sensor is present near this
space. VFD display is present on the right side where white
colour letters or numbers are displayed on violet background.
On the front panel NEXT, PREVIOUS, REWIND, FORWARD,
OPEN/CLOSE, STOP, PLAY/PAUSE and L/R buttons are present
which are used to play, pause etc. the disc loaded in the DVD
player.
 Front panel and VFD display of DVD player have been
shown in figure. A 44 pin IC has been used in this panel which
works as Key Board Matrix drive and Display drive. A remote
like circuit used in front panel of VCD player has not been
used in this front panel of DVD player. Supplies coming from
S.M.P.S reach the front panel through a 5 pin connector. The
front has been connected with the logic card through a 6 pin
connector. IR signal generated by the remote sensor reach
the logic card through this connector.

BACK PANEL: On playing a DVD disc in a DVD player,

output like playing a VCD are available, but several other
types of video output and audiop output can also be available
which depend on the specification of the DVD played in the
DVD player. All these outputs are available at the various
sockets present on the back panel and have been shown in
figure.

There are three types of output for video, normal video,

S video and Y-Ch-Cr component video. Depending on the type
of facility provided for video input can be given from the back
panel of DVD player. For audio, there are 2 types of analog
output and 2 types of digital output.

Video Outputs:

• Component-video outputs: These outputs provide the

highest quality video signal to your TV. They are quite rare right now;
only the newest high-end TVs can support them. But, if you have such
a TV, you'll definitely want a DVD player with component video
outputs.

There are three separate connectors for component video output.

The player pictured below has one component video output.

• S-video outputs: TVs with this type of connection are

more common. S-video provides a very good picture quality, and every
DVD player has at least one of these outputs. The player pictured
above has two of them.

These are the most common type of output, and they provide
adequate picture quality. Usually, they have a yellow plastic insert.
The player pictured above has two of these outputs.

DVD player video outputs from left to right:

composite video, s-video, component video

Audio Outputs:
• Coaxial digital output and optical digital output:These outputs
provide the highest-quality audio. They send the digital sound
information to the receiver for decoding. One of these either can be
used to have a Dolby Digital receiver.
 DVD player audio outputs
• 5.1 channel outputs: 5.1 channels is a set of six analog
outputs, one for each of the Dolby Digital channels (left front, center
front, right front, left rear, right rear and subwoofer). The DVD player
decodes the Dolby Digital signal and uses its own DAC to output an
analog signal. These are the outputs need to use if hooking the DVD
player up to a "Dolby Digital ready" receiver.

DVD players with 5.1 channel outputs will always have Dolby
Digital decoders, and they may or may not have DTS decoders. If you
have a "Dolby Digital ready" receiver and you want DTS sound, you will
need a DVD player with a built-in DTS decoder.

• Stereo outputs: These outputs carry only the stereo

music signal. It is used were hooking of DVD player up to a TV that has
only two speakers.

ANALOG OUTPUT: Stereo output is given to the TV from

the ML and MR socket present on the back panel. If sound
has to be obtained from the external big loudspeaker then
amplified stereo output is taken from other sockets present
on back panel.
 If during recording audio of Front Left, Front Right,
Surround Left, Surround Right, Centre and Sub-woofer
microphones were recorded on separate- separate channels
of DVD then on playing such a DVD 5.1 channel analog audio
output is available on the back panel.

DIGITAL OUTPUT: Dolby digital and DTS digital output are

available at the coaxial or optical socket at the back panel
and from here these outputs are given to a Decoder Amplifier.

3.3 WORKING:
3.31 Connecting the DVD Player:
Connecting a DVD player to your stereo receiver (or television, if you
don't have a receiver) involves making two basic connections: audio
and video.

Audio:
The first connection to make is for the audio portion of the signal.
There will be several options depending on the receiver you have.

• The best choice (if available) is either to use an optical (also called
Tos-link) or coaxial (RCA) digital connection. These two choices are
equal in quality. In order to use either of these, you will need to have
both an output on the DVD player, and an input on the receiver. Only
receivers with built-in Dolby Digital decoders will have this type of
input.
 The audio outputs on a DVD player

• If your receiver does not have a built-in Dolby Digital or DTS

decoder, but is "Dolby Digital ready," look for the 5.1-channel Dolby or
5.1-channel DTS. This connection involves six cables, corresponding to
different speaker channels: left front, center front, right front, left rear,
right rear and subwoofer.

• The last option to connect the two components is with analog RCA
outputs. This is a two-cable connection, with one cable delivering the
left speaker sound, and the other cable delivering the right. This
connection will deliver only stereo sound, but it may be your only
option if you are hooking up directly to a television, or if you have an
old receiver with only two channels.

VIDEO :
• The best quality choice is to use component connection. This
connection consists of three cables: color-labeled red, blue and green.
The quality is superb. However, these connections only exist on
extremely high-end receivers and television sets.
 The video outputs on a DVD player

• The next option is s-video. One cable connects the DVD player to
the receiver in this setup.

• The last option, similar to the audio setup, is to use the analog
RCA video output, usually color-labeled yellow on both ends. This will
deliver the lowest quality, but will suffice for older, analog televisions.

3.32 STORING DATA: DVDs are of the same diameter and

thickness as CDs, and they are made using some of the same
materials and manufacturing methods. Like a CD, the data on a DVD is
encoded in the form of small pits and bumps in the track of the disc.

A DVD is composed of several layers of plastic, totaling about

1.2 millimeters thick. Each layer is created by injection molding
polycarbonate plastic. This process forms a disc that has microscopic
bumps arranged as a single, continuous and extremely long spiral
track of data. More on the bumps later.

Once the clear pieces of polycarbonate are formed, a thin

reflective layer is sputtered onto the disc, covering the bumps.
Aluminum is used behind the inner layers, but a semi-reflective gold
layer is used for the outer layers, allowing the laser to focus through
the outer and onto the inner layers. After all of the layers are made,
each one is coated with lacquer, squeezed together and cured under
infrared light. For single-sided discs, the label is silk-screened onto the
nonreadable side. Double-sided discs are printed only on the
nonreadable area near the hole in the middle. Cross sections of the
various types of completed DVDs (not to scale) look like this:

Each writable layer of a DVD has a spiral track of data. On single-layer

DVDs, the track always circles from the inside of the disc to the
outside. That the spiral track starts at the center means that a single-
layer DVD can be smaller than 12 centimeters if desired.

What the image to the right cannot impress upon you is how
incredibly tiny the data track is -- just 740 nanometers separate one
track from the next (a nanometer is a billionth of a meter). And the
elongated bumps that make up the track are each 320 nanometers
wide, a minimum of 400 nanometers long and 120 nanometers high.
The following figure illustrates looking through the polycarbonate layer
at the bumps.
 You will often read about "pits" on a DVD instead of bumps. They
appear as pits on the aluminum side, but on the side that the laser
reads from, they are bumps.

The microscopic dimensions of the bumps make the spiral track

on a DVD extremely long. If you could lift the data track off a single
layer of a DVD, and stretch it out into a straight line, it would be
almost 7.5 miles long! That means that a double-sided, double-layer
DVD would have 30 miles (48 km) of data!

To read bumps this small you need an incredibly precise disc-

reading mechanism.

The DVD AUDIO FORMAT:

DVD audio and DVD video are different formats. DVD audio discs and
players are relatively rare right now, but they will become more
common, and the difference in sound quality should be noticeable. In
 order to take advantage of higher-quality DVD audio discs, you will
need a DVD player with a 192kHz/24-bit digital-to-analog converter
(DAC). Most DVD players have only a 96kHz/24-bit digital-to-analog
converter. So if you want to be able to listen to DVD audio discs, be
sure to look for a DVD audio player with a 192kHz/24-bit digital-to-
analog converter.

DVD audio recordings can provide far better sound quality

than CDs. The chart below lists the sampling rate and accuracy for CD
recordings and the maximum sampling rate and accuracy for DVD
recordings. CDs can hold 74 minutes of music. DVD audio discs can
hold 74 minutes of music at their highest quality level, 192 kHz/24-bit
audio. By lowering either the sampling rate or the accuracy, DVDs can
be made to hold more music. A DVD audio disc can store up to two
hours of 6-channel, better than CD quality, 96kHz/24-bit music. Lower
the specifications further and a DVD audio disc can hold almost seven
hours of CD-quality audio.

In an audio CD or DVD, each bit represents a digital command

telling the DAC what voltage level to output. While an ideal recording
would follow the raw waveform exactly, digital recordings sample the
sound at different frequencies, and therefore lose some of the data.

Specification :

SPECIFICATION CD AUDIO DVD AUDIO

SAMPLING RATE 44.1kHZ

SAMPLING PER SECOND

SAMPLING ACCURACY

NUMBER OF POSSIBLE OUTPUT 16,777,216

 To get the full experience of the Dolby Digital sound used on
many DVDs, you need a home theater system with five speakers, a
subwoofer, and a receiver that is either "Dolby Digital ready" or has a
built-in Dolby Digital decoder.

If your receiver is Dolby Digital ready, then it does not have a

Dolby Digital decoder, so need of a DVD player with its own Dolby
Digital decoder and 5.1 channel outputs. The need of system to be
compatible with DTS sound, then your DVD player will need a DTS
decoder, too.

3.34 The DVD Video Format:

Even though its storage capacity is huge, the uncompressed video
data of a full-length movie would never fit on a DVD. In order to fit a
movie on a DVD, you need video compression. A group called the
Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG) establishes the standards for
compressing moving pictures.

When movies are put onto DVDs, they are encoded in MPEG-2
format and then stored on the disc. This compression format is a
widely accepted international standard. Your DVD player contains an
MPEG-2 decoder, which can uncompress this data as quickly as you
can watch it.

TheMPEG-2 Format and Data Size Reduction

A movie is usually filmed at a rate of 24 frames per second.

This means that every second, there are 24 complete images
displayed on the movie screen. American and Japanese television use
a format called NTSC, which displays a total of 30 frames per second;
but it does this in a sequence of 60 fields, each of which contains
alternating lines of the picture. Other countries use PAL format, which
displays at 50 fields per second, but at a higher resolution . Because of
the differences in frame rate and resolution, an MPEG movie needs to
be formatted for either the NTSC or the PAL system.
 The MPEG encoder that creates the compressed movie file
analyzes each frame and decides how to encode it. The compression
uses some of the same technology as still image compression does to
eliminate redundant or irrelevant data. It also uses information from
other frames to reduce the overall size of the file. Each frame can be
encoded in one of three ways:

• As an intraframe : An intraframe contains the complete

image data for that frame. This method of encoding provides the least
compression.
• As a predicted frame : A predicted frame contains just
enough information to tell the DVD player how to display the frame
based on the most recently displayed intraframe or predicted frame.
This means that the frame contains only the data that relates to how
the picture has changed from the previous frame.
• As a bidirectional frame : In order to display this type of
frame, the player must have the information from the surrounding
intraframe or predicted frames. Using data from the closest
surrounding frames, it uses interpolation (something like averaging) to
calculate the position and color of each pixel.

Depending on the type of scene being converted, the encoder

will decide which types of frames to use. If a newscast were being
converted, a lot more predicted frames could be used, because most
of the scene is unaltered from one frame to the next. On the other
hand, if a very fast action scene were being converted, in which things
changed very quickly from one frame to the next, more intraframes
would have to be encoded. The newscast would compress to a much
smaller size than the action sequence.

If all of this sounds complicated, then you are starting to get a

feeling for how much work your DVD player does to decode an MPEG-2
movie. A lot of processing power is required; even some computers
with DVD players can't keep up with the processing required to play a
DVD movie.

3.4 DVD vs. CD:

 DVDs can store more data than CDs for a few reasons:

• Higher-density data storage

• Less overhead, more area
• Multi-layer storage

Higher Density Data Storage

Single-sided, single-layer DVDs can store about seven times more data
than CDs. A large part of this increase comes from the pits and tracks
being smaller on DVDs.

Specification

Track Pitch 1600 nanometers 740 nanometers

Minimum Pit Length

830 nanometers 400 nanometers
(single-layer DVD)

Minimum Pit Length

830 nanometers 440 nanometers
(double-layer DVD)

Let's try to get an idea of how much more data can be stored due to
the physically tighter spacing of pits on a DVD. The track pitch on a
DVD is 2.16 times smaller, and the minimum pit length for a single-
layer DVD is 2.08 times smaller than on a CD. By multiplying these two
numbers, we find that there is room for about 4.5 times as many pits
on a DVD. So where does the rest of the increase come from?

Less Overhead, More Area

On a CD, there is a lot of extra information encoded on the disc to

allow for error correction -- this information is really just a repetition of
information that is already on the disc. The error correction scheme
that a CD uses is quite old and inefficient compared to the method
used on DVDs. The DVD format doesn't waste as much space on error
correction, enabling it to store much more real information. Another
way that DVDs achieve higher capacity is by encoding data onto a
slightly larger area of the disc than is done on a CD.

Multi-Layer-Storage

To increase the storage capacity even more, a DVD can have up to

four layers, two on each side. The laser that reads the disc can
actually focus on the second layer through the first layer. Here is a list
of the capacities of different forms of DVDs:

Format Capacity
Approx. Movie Time

Single-sided/single-layer 4.38 2
GBhours

Single-sided/double-layer 7.95 4
GBhours

Double-sided/single-layer 8.75 4.5

GB hours

Double-sided/double-layer 15.9 Over

GB 8 hours

You may be wondering why the capacity of a DVD doesn't double when
you add a whole second layer to the disc. This is because when a disc
is made with two layers, the pits have to be a little longer, on both
layers, than when a single layer is used. This helps to avoid
interference between the layers, which would cause errors when the
disc is played.

The Basics
A DVD is very similar to a CD, but it has a much larger data capacity. A
standard DVD holds about seven times more data than a CD does. This
huge capacity means that a DVD has enough room to store a full-
length, MPEG-2-encoded movie, as well as a lot of other information.

Here are the typical contents of a DVD movie:

• Up to 133 minutes of high-resolution video, in letterbox or pan-and-
scan format, with 720 dots of horizontal resolution (The video
compression ratio is typically 40:1 using MPEG-2 compression.)
• Soundtrack presented in up to eight languages using 5.1 channel
Dolby digital surround sound
• Subtitles in up to 32 languages

DVD can also be used to store almost eight hours of CD-quality

music per side.

The format offers many advantages over VHS tapes:

• DVD picture quality is better, and many DVDs have Dolby Digital or
DTS sound, which is much closer to the sound you experience in a
movie theater.
• Many DVD movies have an on-screen index, where the creator of the
DVD has labeled many of the significant parts of the movie, sometimes
with a picture. With your remote, if you select the part of the movie
you want to view, the DVD player will take you right to that part, with
no need to rewind or fast-forward.
• DVD players are compatible with audio CDs.
• Some DVD movies have both the letterbox format, which fits wide-
screen TVs, and the standard TV size format, so you can choose which
way you want to watch the movie.

• DVD movies may have several soundtracks on them, and they may
provide subtitles in different languages. Foreign movies may give you
the choice between the version dubbed into your language, or the
original soundtrack with subtitles in your language.

DVDs and Laser Discs:

Laser disc is an older technology. It offered a better picture and
better sound than videotapes, and it is comparable to DVD. But the
laser disc format is analog; DVDs are digital Laser discs are only used
for prerecorded movies, and they are larger, about 12 inches in
diameter, instead the 5-inch diameter of DVDs. The two formats
usually can't be played on the same machine.
 Laser discs, like DVDs, allow viewers to go to the exact scene
they wish to see, and to freeze a frame or slow the picture. Laser discs
can only hold an hour on each side, so you have to flip the disc to
watch the second half of the movie.

Because of DVD compression techniques, DVDs can hold more

data. You rarely have to flip a DVD to watch a whole movie. Laser disc
players are noisier than DVD players, and they can sometimes suffer
"laser rot" -- the aluminum side of the disc oxidizes, and the quality of
the disc deteriorates. DVDs are less likely to have this problem,
because manufacturing techniques have improved. As the popularity of
DVD grows, laser discs are becoming harder to find

3.5 FEATURES:
Supported Formats:

• DVD movies: Just about all players play DVD movies.

• Music CDs: Most players also play music CDs.

• Video CDs: Some players can handle this format, which

is used mostly for music videos and some movies from foreign
countries.

• CD-Rs: Some players can play content that you create on

your own computer.

Audio DVDs
A few players can handle this format for high-quality audio.

Other Features:

• Dolby Digital decoder: This feature allows the DVD

player to decode the Dolby Digital information from a DVD
and convert it to six separate analog channels. This feature
is not necessary if you have a Dolby Digital receiver, which
has a digital input that carries all of the audio information.
 • DTS decoder: This feature allows the DVD player to
decode the DTS information from a DVD and convert it to
six separate analog channels. Again, this feature is not
necessary if you have a receiver with a DTS decoder.
• DTS compatible: All DVD players are DTS compatible.
They pass the digital audio information on to the receiver,
which then decodes it.
• Simulated surround: If you are going to hook the
DVD player up to a TV or a stereo system with only two
speakers, a DVD player with simulated surround processing
will give you some sense of surround sound without the
extra speakers.
• Disc capacity: Some DVD players can hold three, five
or even several hundred discs. Since most DVD players can
also play audio CDs, if you buy a player with a high disc
capacity you could store your whole CD collection in the
machine.
• 96 kHz/24-bit DAC: This is the speed and accuracy of
the digital-to-analog converter (DAC), which converts the
audio information into an analog signal. Most movie
soundtracks are encoded in this format, so this is really a
required feature, and most DVD players will have at least a
96 kHz/24-bit DAC.
• 192 kHz/24-bit DAC: This is an upcoming format for
audio-only DVDs that are recorded at speeds of up to 192
kHz and 24-bits. Only the newest DVD audio players have
the 192 kHz/24-bit DAC required to play these audio discs.

Play mode NTSC/PAL/AUTO

Disc mode DVD,VCD,CD,MP3,CD-RW,DVD-R

Resolution 500 lines

Video S/N 56 dB
Frequency response fs 192kHz:4Hz-44kHz:+/-1dB
Audio S/N ratio 90 dB
Dynamic range 90 dB
Distortion 0.01%
D/A converter 192kHz/24 bit
Video output 1Vp-p(75 ohm)
S-video output Y:1 Vp-p(75 ohm) C:0.3 Vp-p(75 ohm)
Audio output 2.0V
Digital audio output Coaxial
AC-3 5.1 channel output
Power voltage ~230V/50Hz
Power consumption 25W

3.6 REMOTE CONTROL: Remote handsets have

been shown in diagram. This remote control works on 3V DC supply.
3V supply has been connected direct with the supply pin of the IC. The
3V supply has been connected with the collector of the transistor
through infrared LED. The emitter of the transistor has been connected
with the ground. 2 pins of the IC have been connected with the crystal
of the oscillator. Whenever a push button is pressed pulses reach the
base of the transistor, current flow in the transistor, infrared rays are
emitted by the LED which reach the remote sensor present on the
front panel.

Remote-control-type:
DVD players may come with three types of remotes:

• A dedicated remote, which only runs the DVD player .

• A multibrand remote, which can control other components,
like VCRs and TVs made by other manufacturers (Usually,
they only support the more common brands.)
• A learning remote, which can learn the signals from other
remotes and assign them to a button (This feature is useful
if you have uncommon brands of components to control.)
 • When a button of remote set is pressed the conductor material
present below the button short two lines of key Matrix Circuit
and LED emits infrared rays.
• In DVD player any menu is selected by using the four arrow
button and after selection ENTER button is pushed to use
theselection.OnDVDremoteTITLE,SUBTITLE,ANGLE,3D,LANGU
AGE,MODE,RECORD,SETUP and CLEAR/EQ BUTTONS are
present which are not present on the VCD remote. The use of
these buttons depends on the specification of DVD disc and
DVD player.
• When any disc is being played in a DVD player, EQUALIZER
starts to come on the TV screen on pressing CLEAR/EQ button
on DVD remote.
• Maximum speed in a DVD player is 8X (2X,4X,6X,8X)
hence FF and FR can be done more quickly in DVD player
than VCD player (2X,4X).
• If a DVD disc has been loaded in DVD player then on
pressing MENU/VIEW button, a menu starts to come
on the TV screen which is different for different DVD
disc.

3.7 CONCLUSION:
In conclusion I would like to say that when it comes to
electronics I am a big fan of full sized, state of the art equipment,
and rarely get satisfied with portables, but this player has
completely won me over with its incredible features, thoughtful
design, compatibility, and so far reliability. I think that it is the
perfect unit to keep in your bedroom. It also plays standard DVDs,
DVD-R, SVCD, VCD, Audio CD, CD-R, MP3 songs. DVD players are
completely compatible with audio compact discs . And music will
become increasingly available in DVD format.

The DVD player does have some odd quirks and is not
without fault. Its unique features and design make it stand
out from the rest. It has very good price to performance ratio.
I am very enthuastic about the feature of 5.1 music and really
easy to use. This player has a high enjoyment factor rating.