0A Servlet+JSP Review

© 2006 Marty Hall
Servlet and JSP

Review
A Recap of the Basics
JSP, Servlet, Struts, JSF, AJAX, & Java 5 Training: http://courses.coreservlets.com

2 J2EE Books from Sun Press: http://www.coreservlets.com
© 2006 Marty Hall
For live J2EE training, see training courses

on JSP, servlets, Struts, JSF, AJAX, and
Java 5 at http://courses.coreservlets.com/.
Taught by the author of Core Servlets and JSP, More
Servlets and JSP, and this tutorial. Available at
public venues, or customized versions can be
heldJSF,on-site
JSP, Servlet, Struts, AJAX, & at
Javayour organization.
5 Training: http://courses.coreservlets.com
3 Additional
J2EE Books topics
from Sun available
Press: upon request.
http://www.coreservlets.com
Agenda
• The Invoker Servlet
• The Default Web App
• Packageless Servlets
• Packaged Servlets
• Form Data
• JSP Scripting
– JSP Expressions
– JSP Scriptlets
– JSP Declarations
4 J2EE training: http://courses.coreservlets.com
A Servlet’s Job
• Read explicit data sent by client (form data)
• Read implicit data sent by client
(request headers)
• Generate the results
• Send the explicit data back to client (HTML)
• Send the implicit data to client
(status codes and response headers)

Class Setup
• Main development directory
– C:\Servlets+JSP
• Starting Tomcat
– Double click startup.bat
– Enter http://localhost/ to verify that it is running
– See popup window for error messages and
System.out.println output
• Stopping Tomcat
– Double click shutdown.bat
• Shortcuts to Tomcat directories
– In C:\Servlets+JSP
– Recommend copying onto shortcuts, not going into the
6 directories J2EE training: http://courses.coreservlets.com
Using the Default Web App and

Invoker Servlet on Tomcat
• Packageless Servlets
– Code: tomcat_dir/webapps/ROOT/WEB-INF/classes
– URL: http://localhost/servlet/ServletName
– See shortcut in C:\Servlets+JSP
• Packaged Servlets
– Code: tomcat_dir/webapps/ROOT/
WEB-INF/classes/subdirectoryMatchingPackageName
– URL: http://localhost/servlet/packageName.ServletName
• HTML and JSP Files
– Code: tomcat_dir/ROOT
– URL: http://localhost/filename
– See shortcut in C:\Servlets+JSP
A Packageless Servlet
(from CSAJSP)
public class HelloServlet extends HttpServlet {
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
response.setContentType("text/html");
PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
String docType =
"<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC \"-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 "+
"Transitional//EN\">\n";
out.println(docType +
"<HTML>\n" +
"<HEAD><TITLE>Hello</TITLE></HEAD>\n"+
"<BODY BGCOLOR=\"#FDF5E6\">\n" +
"<H1>Hello</H1>\n" +
"</BODY></HTML>");
}
}
A Packageless Servlet

Packaging Servlets
• Move the files to a subdirectory that
matches the intended package name
– For example, I’ll use the coreservlets or moreservlets
package for most of the rest of the servlets in this course.
So, the class files need to go in a subdirectory called
coreservlets.
• Insert a package statement in the class file
– E.g., top of HelloServlet2.java:
package coreservlets;
• Keep CLASSPATH referring to top-level dir
– E.g., C:\Servlets+JSP. (No changes to CLASSPATH!)
• Include package name in URL
10
– http://localhost/servlet/coreservlets.HelloServlet2
J2EE training: http://courses.coreservlets.com
Packaging Servlets:
HelloServlet2 (Code)
package coreservlets;
public class HelloServlet2 extends HttpServlet {

response.setContentType("text/html");
PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
String docType =
"<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC \"-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 "+
"Transitional//EN\">\n";
"<HTML>\n" +
"<HEAD><TITLE>Hello (2)</TITLE></HEAD>\n"+
"<H1>Hello (2)</H1>\n" +
"</BODY></HTML>");
}
}
Packaging Servlets:
HelloServlet2 (Result)
Using Form Data

• HTML form
– Should have ACTION referring to servlet
– Should have input entries with NAMEs
– Should be installed in top-level Web app directory (e.g.,
ROOT) or any subdirectory other than WEB-INF
• Servlet
– Calls request.getParameter with name as given in HTML
– Return value is entry as entered by end user
– Missing values
• null if no input element of that name was in form
• Empty string if form submitted with empty textfield

An HTML Form With Three
Parameters
<FORM ACTION="/servlet/coreservlets.ThreeParams">
First Parameter: <INPUT TYPE="TEXT" NAME="param1"><BR>
Second Parameter: <INPUT TYPE="TEXT" NAME="param2"><BR>
Third Parameter: <INPUT TYPE="TEXT" NAME="param3"><BR>
<CENTER><INPUT TYPE="SUBMIT"></CENTER>
</FORM>
• Form installed in ROOT/form-data/ThreeParamsForm.html

Reading the Three Parameters

public class ThreeParams extends HttpServlet {
…
"<HTML>\n" +
"<HEAD><TITLE>"+title + "</TITLE></HEAD>\n" +
"<H1 ALIGN=\"CENTER\">" + title + "</H1>\n" +
"<UL>\n" +
" <LI><B>param1</B>: "
+ request.getParameter("param1") + "\n" +
"</UL>\n" +
"</BODY></HTML>");
}
}
Reading Three Parameters:
Result
• Servlet installed in ROOT/WEB-INF/classes/coreservlets/

ThreeParams.class
JSP Scripting:
Uses of JSP Constructs
Simple • Scripting elements calling servlet
Application code directly
• Scripting elements calling servlet
code indirectly (by means of utility
classes)
• Beans
• Servlet/JSP combo (MVC)
Complex
• MVC with JSP expression language
Application • Custom tags

JSP Scripting Design Strategy:
Limit Java Code in JSP Pages
• You have two options
– Put 25 lines of Java code directly in the JSP page
– Put those 25 lines in a separate Java class and put 1 line
in the JSP page that invokes it
• Why is the second option much better?
– Development. You write the separate class in a Java
environment (editor or IDE), not an HTML environment
– Debugging. If you have syntax errors, you see them
immediately at compile time. Simple print statements can
be seen.
– Testing. You can write a test routine with a loop that
does 10,000 tests and reapply it after each change.
– Reuse. You can use the same class from multiple pages.
JSP Expressions
• Format
– <%= Java Expression %>
• Result
– Expression evaluated, converted to String, and placed
into HTML page at the place it occurred in JSP page
– That is, expression placed in _jspService inside out.print
• Examples
– Current time: <%= new java.util.Date() %>
– Your hostname: <%= request.getRemoteHost() %>
• XML-compatible syntax
– <jsp:expression>Java Expression</jsp:expression>
– You cannot mix versions within a single page. You must
19 use XML for entire page if you use jsp:expression.
Predefined Variables
• request
– The HttpServletRequest (1st argument to service/doGet)
• response
– The HttpServletResponse (2nd arg to service/doGet)
• out
– The Writer (a buffered version of type JspWriter) used to
send output to the client
• session
– The HttpSession associated with the request (unless
disabled with the session attribute of the page directive)
• application
– The ServletContext (for sharing data) as obtained via
20
getServletContext(). J2EE training: http://courses.coreservlets.com
JSP Scriptlets
• Format
– <% Java Code %>
• Result
– Code is inserted verbatim into servlet's _jspService
• Example
– <%
String queryData = request.getQueryString();
out.println("Attached GET data: " + queryData);
%>
– <% response.setContentType("text/plain"); %>
– <jsp:scriptlet>Java Code</jsp:scriptlet>
JSP Declarations
• Format
– <%! Java Code %>
• Result
– Code is inserted verbatim into servlet's class definition,
outside of any existing methods
• Examples
– <%! private int someField = 5; %>
– <%! private void someMethod(...) {...} %>
• Design consideration
– Fields are clearly useful. For methods, it is usually better
to define the method in a separate Java class.
22 – <jsp:declaration>Java Code</jsp:declaration>
Debugging Servlets and JSP

• Use print statements; run server on desktop
• Integrated debugger in IDE
• Look at the HTML source
• Return error pages to the client
– Plan ahead for missing or malformed data
• Use the log file
– log("message") or log("message", Throwable)
• Look at the request data separately.
– See EchoServer at www.moreservlets.com
• Look at the response data separately
– See WebClient at www.moreservlets.com
23
• Stop and restart the server
© 2006 Marty Hall
Questions?
JSP, Servlet, Struts, JSF, AJAX, & Java 5 Training: http://courses.coreservlets.com

24 J2EE Books from Sun Press: http://www.coreservlets.com

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© 2006 Marty Hall

Servlet and JSP

JSP, Servlet, Struts, JSF, AJAX, & Java 5 Training: http://courses.coreservlets.com

© 2006 Marty Hall

For live J2EE training, see training courses

4 J2EE training: http://courses.coreservlets.com

5 J2EE training: http://courses.coreservlets.com

Using the Default Web App and

9 J2EE training: http://courses.coreservlets.com

public class HelloServlet2 extends HttpServlet {

12 J2EE training: http://courses.coreservlets.com

Using Form Data

13 J2EE training: http://courses.coreservlets.com

• Form installed in ROOT/form-data/ThreeParamsForm.html

Reading the Three Parameters

• Servlet installed in ROOT/WEB-INF/classes/coreservlets/

16 J2EE training: http://courses.coreservlets.com

17 J2EE training: http://courses.coreservlets.com

Debugging Servlets and JSP

JSP, Servlet, Struts, JSF, AJAX, & Java 5 Training: http://courses.coreservlets.com

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