UP

Academic League of Chemical Engineering Students (UP ALCHEMES)

Academic Affairs Committee - Reviews and Tutorials Series, A.Y. 2015-2016
Physics 71 Equations

Kinematics a = r tangential acceleration

x T
v= average velocity a = aT2 + aN2 total acceleration
t tot
v
a= average acceleration Relative Velocity
t
v = v AB + v BC
AC
For constant acceleration only: v = v BA
v v0 = at AB

v 2 v02 = 2a x Forces


F = ma Newton's Second Law
1
x = v0t + at 2
2 mv 2

v + v0
F =
r
circular motion

x = t
2 W = mg weight

f = N friction

Projectile Motion B = gV buoyant force

x-component: constant velocity f = bv fluid resistance
v = v0 cos F = kx Hooke's Law
0x
x = v0xt Work and Energy

w = F s
y-component: constant acceleration w = Fs cos
b
v = v0 sin w = F dx work done by a force F is the area under
0 y a
v v = gt the F-x graph
y 0 y
v 2 v 2 = 2g y w = K work - kinetic energy theorem
y 0 y tot
1 U + K 0 + wother = U + K
y = v0 yt gt 2 0
2 1
K = mv 2 translational kinetic energy
2
Other formulas
1
v02 sin2 K = I 2 rotational kinetic energy
x max = range; level ground 2
g
U = mgh gravitational potential energy
v02 sin2 1
ymax = max height; level ground U = kx 2 elastic potential energy
2g 2
g( x)2 E = U + K total mechanical energy
y = ( x)tan y vs x dU
2v02 cos2 F =
dx
vtot = v 2x + v 2y speed of a projectile
Power

Circular Motion
w
P= average power
v 2 t

aN = normal/radial acceleration P = F v
r
Momentum and Impulse

p = mv F /A
dp Y= Young's Modulus
F= l /l0

dt p
j = p impulse is the change in momentum B= bulk modulus
V /V0

j = F t Note: B is a positive quantity. The negative sign is there
m v + m2v02 = m1v1 + m2v2 momentum conservation since V is negative (the object decreases in volume).
1 01
v v = (v1 v2 ) pefectly elastic; F /A
01 02 S= shear modulus
energy conservation x /h
m v + m2v02 = (m1 + m2 )v perfectly inelastic
1 01 Fluids

Center of Mass m
= density

x CM =
m x x-component of CM
i i
V

m i SG =
ref
specific gravity

yCM =
m y y-component of CM
i i

F
m i p = pressure
A
Rotational Motion p = pgauge + patm gauge vs absolute pressure

For constant angular acceleration:
p = p0 + gh
0 = t

B = gV buoyany force
2 02 = 2
A v = A2v2
1 1
1
= 0t + t 2 1
2 p + gh+ v 2 = constant Bernoulli equation
2
+0
= t
2 Gravitation

Gm1m2
F= force of gravity
Use RADIANS for the following conversions: r2
s = r Gm1m2
v = r U= gravitational potential energy
r
a = r tangential acceleration only
T 2Gme
ve = escape speed
I = mr
2
point particle re

I = I0 + md parallel-axis theorem
2
2 a3/2
T= period around an orbit
Gms
Torque

= r F Simple Harmonic Motion- Spring-Mass System
= rF sin
d 2x

= I 2
= 2 x simple harmonic motion
dt
Angular Momentum k
= spring-mass system
= r p
L point particle m
L = mvr

sin point particle = 2 f
L = I rigid body 1
f =

Elasticity
T
 x = Acos( t + ) B
v= speed of sound
v = A sin( t + )

a = A cos( t + )
2
v + vL
1 f '= f listener moving toward source
E = kA2 total mechanical energy v vS
2
v vL
f '= f listener moving away from source
Simple Harmonic Motion- Pendulum v + vS

L v +vf
T = 2 simple pendulum
g f '= f listener and source moving in the same
v + vs

I direction
T = 2 physical pendulum
mgd
Note: Use parallel-axis theorem when calculating I

Damping
b < 2 km underdamped

b = 2 km critically damped

b > 2 km overdamped
Tip: To make memorization easier, note that a higher b
means a higher damping force. If b is small ( b < 2 km ),
the damping force is not strong enough to immediately
stop the oscillation, thus the system is underdamped.

k b2
'=
m 4m 2

Mechanical Waves
v = f
2
k= wavenumber

y(x ,t ) = Acos(kx t ) wave travelling to +x
y(x ,t ) = Acos(kx + t ) wave travelling to -x
P(x ,t ) = F A2 2 sin2(kx t ) power

y(x ,t ) = 2Asin(kx)sin( t ) standing wave
Note: The amplitude of a standing wave is 2A but the
amplitude of the travelling waves that created it is A.
F
v=

2L
= wavelength of nth harmonic
n
Note: For standing waves on a string, the nth harmonic
is the same as the (n-1)th overtone.

Doppler Effect