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Systema Naturae Canis: Linnaeus Genus

In 1758, Linnaeus classified domestic dogs as Canis familiaris and wolves as Canis lupus. There was later debate about whether dogs and dingoes are subspecies of wolves or distinct species. In 2003, the ICZN ruled that the name of a wild species is not invalidated by an earlier name for a domestic form, and listed Canis lupus as the conserved name for wolves. A 2005 publication listed domestic dogs and dingoes as subspecies of wolves, though this stretched the subspecies concept.

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84 views1 page

Systema Naturae Canis: Linnaeus Genus

In 1758, Linnaeus classified domestic dogs as Canis familiaris and wolves as Canis lupus. There was later debate about whether dogs and dingoes are subspecies of wolves or distinct species. In 2003, the ICZN ruled that the name of a wild species is not invalidated by an earlier name for a domestic form, and listed Canis lupus as the conserved name for wolves. A 2005 publication listed domestic dogs and dingoes as subspecies of wolves, though this stretched the subspecies concept.

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gogadamer
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In 1758, the taxonomist Linnaeus published in his Systema Naturae the classification of

species. Canis is a Latin word meaning dog,[30] and under this genus he listed the dog-like carnivores
including domestic dogs, wolves, and jackals. He classified the domestic dog as Canis
familiaris (Linnaeus, 1758) and on the next page as a separate species he classified
the wolf as Canis lupus (Linnaeus, 1758).[2] In 1926, the International Commission on Zoological
Nomenclature (ICZN) ruled in Opinion 91 that the domestic dog Canis familiaris (Linnaeus, 1758) be
placed on its official list.[3] In 1957, the ICZN ruled in Opinion 451 that Canis dingo (Meyer, 1793) was
the name to be used for the dingo and that this be placed on its official list.[31] These are the scientific
names for the dog and dingo that appear on the Official Lists and Indexes of Names in Zoology of
the ICZN.[32]
In 1978, a review to reduce the number species listed under genus Canis proposed that "Canis
dingo is now generally regarded as a distinctive feral domestic dog. Canis familiaris is used for
domestic dogs, although taxonomically it should probably be synonymous with Canis lupus."[33] In
1982, the first edition of Mammal Species of the World included a note under Canis lupuswith the
comment: "Probably ancestor of and conspecific with the domestic dog, familiaris. Canis
familiaris has page priority over Canis lupus, but both were published simultaneously in Linnaeus
(1758), and Canis lupus has been universally used for this species".[34] In the same year, an
application was made to the ICZN to reclassify the dingo to Canis lupus dingo because it was
proposed that the wolf (Canis lupus) was the ancestor of dogs and dingoes, however the application
was rejected.[35]
In 2003, the ICZN ruled in its Opinion 2027 that the "name of a wild species...is not invalid by virtue
of being predated by the name based on a domestic form." Additionally, the ICZN placed the
taxon Canis lupus as a conserved name on the official list under this opinion.[36] In the third edition
of Mammal Species of the World published in 2005, the mammalogist W. Christopher Wozencraft
listed under the wolf Canis lupus what he proposed to be two subspecies: "familiaris Linneaus, 1758
[domestic dog]" and "dingo Meyer, 1793 [domestic dog]",[a] with the comment "Includes the domestic
dog as a subspecies, with the dingo provisionally separate artificial variants created by
domestication and selective breeding. Although this may stretch the subspecies concept, it retains
the correct allocation of synonyms."[1] Although the earliest use of the name "dingo" was Canis
familiaris dingo (Blumenbach, 1780),[37] Wozencraft attributed it to Meyer from 1793 without
comment.[38]

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