RESEARCH PLAN

PROJECT TITLE: Musa paradeciaca peeling (banana peeling), Gliricidia sepium leaves

(madre de cacao), Oryza sativa water (rice water) and chalk dust as 4 in 1

UltraPLUS

PROPONENTS: John Rowell G. Chavez

Mary Jane C. Andal

Michelle C. Mascarenias

SCHOOL: Canubing National High School

ADVISER: Ms. Rosalyn Marie M. Sugay

A. Rationale

Changes in the world's climate will bring major shifts in food production. In some places,

temperatures will rise and rainfall will increase; in others, rainfall will decrease. In addition, coastal

flooding will reduce the amount of land available for agriculture.

In general, food crops are sensitive to climate change. Such change, which affects soil temperature

and moisture levels, also determines the vitality of both beneficial organisms and pests.

Due to the enormous uncertainties surrounding global climate change, estimates of

cropland reductions vary widely--from 10 to 50 percent. But this much is clear: global warming is

likely to alter production of rice, wheat, corn, soybeans, and potatoes--staples for billions of people

and major food crops in North America and Africa, Asia and other continents in the world.

While climate change will have global impacts on agriculture, regional variations will be

significant. Africa and North America exemplify the regional variations that may occur. These

differences underscore the difficulty in proposing general strategies for adapting new agricultural
technologies to deal with the climate change.

Philippines is one of the countries who experienced climate change. Due to this, food

scarcity arose and has a large impact to the lives of every Filipino. It is really hard for the farmers

to plant vegetables and fruits because of the exchange in the temperature and climate.

It takes longer period to grow different plants because of the effects of climate change and

due to this less crops and plants were harvested from farms and land areas.

With this matter, a growth stimulator, fertilizer and pesticide will be made and provide

good quality of crops to lessen the effect of climate change to food scarcity in the Philippines and

also in the world.

B. Research Questions, Hypotheses and Expected Outcome

Generally, this study will determine the effectiveness of 4 in 1 UltraPLUS as an effective

growth enhancer and pesticide at the same time.

Specifically, this study will answer the following questions.

1. Can banana peeling extract, kakawate leaves extract, rice water and chalk dust be

produced as growth enhancer and pesticide at the same time?

2. Does the product produced has an advantage to commercial fertilizers?

Hypotheses

-Produce an organic growth enhancer and pesticide in one product

- Prove that the product is more beneficial and advantageous than the commercialized

fertilizers and pesticides.

-Lessen the effects of Food scarcity that is widely spreading caused by climate change.

Expected Outcomes and Goals

This study will focus on producing a growth enhancer and pesticide in one product:

Specifically, this study aims to

1. To enhance and stimulate the growth of plants using the produced product.

2. To help to lessen the scarcity in food storage caused by climate change.

Methodology

Preparation

The researchers will prepare the materials to be used in making the product. The researchers will
set the materials in the laboratory room including the graduated cylinder, stirring rod, weighing

scale and mortar and pestle.

Extracting

The researchers will chop and pound the banana peeling and madre de cacao for the extraction.

Measuring

The researchers will measure the amount of the extract ingredients as well as the rice water and

chalk dust at the exact amount.

Mixing

The researchers will combine the extract of banana peeling, madre de cacao and the rice water and

chalk dust.

Testing

The researchers will take trial if the product will work as a growth enhancer and see what will be

the effect of it to the plants.

Comparing

The researchers will compare their product to the controlled variable and see what will be the effect

of it to the plants.
Musa paradisiaca (Banana Peelings) Gliricidia sepium leaves (Madre de Cacao) Oryza

Sativa water (Rice Water) and Chalk dust

As

4 in 1 UltraPLUS

A Science Investigatory Project

By

Project Proponents

John Rowell G. Chavez

Michelle Mascarenias

Mary Jane Andal

Project Adviser

Ms. Rosalyn Marie Sugay

School

Canubing National High School

 ABSTRACT

Changes in the world's climate will bring major shifts in food production. Global warming is

expected to affect agriculture in every part of the world but it will have greater impacts in the tropic

and subtropics that causes food scarcity. The researchers addressed the problem by introducing the

4 in 1 UltraPLUS to improve soil quality and control pests to increase crop yields. The 4 in 1

UltraPLUS was liquid fertilizer, pesticide which served as an alternative to all commercial

fertilizers and pesticide. The product was made out of different materials such as banana peeling,

madre de cacao, and chalk dust and rice water.

Banana peelings, madre de cacao leaves, chalk dust and rice water have undergone with

different processes. The banana peeling and madre de cacao leaves were chopped, pounded and

extract. The banana peeling and madre de cacao were measured. The extract of madre de cacao,

banana peeling and the rice water and chalk dust mixed. The mixture applied to the pots.

The researchers conducted 3 trials with different proportions of ingredients to test the

effectiveness of the product. The third trial which has the proportion of 1:1:1:1 yielded best result.

It enhance the growth of the seed in just 1 week. There were 2 pots with the same proportion of

soil and planted mustard seeds. The researchers sprayed the product to mustard plant to test the

effectiveness as growth enhancer.

It is concluded that Musa paradisiaca peeling (Banana Extract), Gliricidia sepium leaves

(Madre de Cacao), Oryza sativa water (Rice Water) and chalk dust as 4 in 1 UltraPLUS is effective.

Farmers dont need to buy commercial fertilizers and pesticide that harms them. The researchers

recommended using the product instead of commercial product.

 INTRODUCTION

Changes in the world's climate will bring major shifts in food production. In some places,

temperatures will rise and rainfall will increase; in others, rainfall will decrease. In addition, coastal

flooding will reduce the amount of land available for agriculture.

Global warming is expected to affect agriculture in every part of the world but it will have

greater impacts in the tropic and subtropics, where crops are less able to adapt to climate change

and food scarcity are already starting to occur due to the rapid population growth Larry West, 2015.

In general, food crops are sensitive to climate change. Such change, which affects soil

temperature and moisture levels, also determines the vitality of both beneficial organisms and

pests. Due to the enormous uncertainties surrounding global climate change, estimates of cropland

reductions vary widely--from 10 to 50 percent. But this much is clear: global warming is likely to

alter production of rice, wheat, corn, soybeans, and potatoesstaples and leafy vegetables for

billions of people and major food crops in North America, Africa, and Asia and in other continents

of the world.

Philippines is one of the countries who suffered in climate change. Due to this, it was

difficult to farmers to plant plants because of the rapid exchange in climate caused by global

warming, more and more Filipinos experienced food scarcity.

In countries where the economy is heavily based on agriculture, such as the Philippines,

modernizing agriculture is the most efficient poverty-reduction measure. Yet agricultural

expansion for food production and economic development come at the expense of soil, water and

biodiversity conflicting with other global and national goals.

Food insecurity is caused by a combination of factors resulting in dramatic increases in

food price and food scarcity. The causes of food insecurity are multiple, but a major factor is

climate change, most notably the adverse weather events that have diminished grain stocks and led

to greater price uncertainty. These trends show no signs of abating, and it seems very likely that in

the future, climate change will increasingly diminish food security and widen the gap between the

rich and the poor. Preventing a deepening food crisis and lessening the potential for wider social

and geopolitical unrest will require swift action and strong political will to reduce greenhouse gas

emissions. It will also require policies to protect the millions of people facing poverty and hunger,

And changes to agricultural practices worldwide.

Climate change is here, and the situation is urgent. Human activities are loading our

atmosphere with heat-trapping gases. The disruption of our planets climate system is inflicting

serious damage on human, animal, aquatic and plant life the source of food in the Philippines. Heat

waves, forest fires, and floods are intensifying. The sea level is rising and will continue to do so in

the future. The Philippines and the world need concerted action to widen the narrowing path toward

climate change adaptation and mitigation for sustained food security.

Based on the aforementioned problems and statements above about climate change that

leads in food scarcity, the researchers aimed to produce a liquid fertilizer and pesticide using purely

indigenous and recycled materials such as banana peelings, rice water, madre de cacao leaves, and

chalk dust.
Statement of the Problem

The researchers decided to make a growth enhancer and pesticide using banana peeling

extract Madre de Cacao leaves extract, rice water and chalk dust. Specifically this research

investigation tends to answer the following questions:

1. Can banana peeling extract, kakawate leaves extract, rice water and chalk dust be

produced as growth enhancer and pesticide at the same time?

2.

Statement of the Hypothesis

1. To produce a growth enhancer and pesticide in one product

3. To lessen the effects of food scarcity that is widely spreading caused by climate change.

Significance of the Study

This study will provide more information about the produced product and is benefited to

the following.

Countrymen- By using the product they can plant plants even the climate was changing from time

to time.

Farmers- The product will help the farmers to speed up the growth of plants and prevent pests

from eating their plants.

Environment- There is no toxic chemical were present in the product that can destroy and affect

beings in the ecology. The product produced was made up of purely indigenous and recycled

materials came from different wastes.

Scope and Limitations

This study was conducted at Canubing National High School Campus. The researchers used

mustard to test the ability of the product produced as growth enhancer and pesticide at the same

time.

Definition of Terms

4 in 1 UltraPLUS- a product produced (growth enhancer and pesticide) from waste materials such

as banana peeling extract, madre de cacao leaves, rice water and chalk dust.

Growth Enhancer- enhances the plants to speed up its growth

Pesticide- a material that is added to the plant usually sprayed to prevent plants from pests and

insects.
 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Banana peels are packed with nutrients plants need to thrive. The big three

macronutrients (Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium), as well as a handful of micronutrients

banana peels contain, help your garden plants in all stages of development from seed

germination to production of blooms and fruit. Because of these nutrients, banana peels also help

plants resist man diseases.

Potassium This is the main nutrient found in banana peels. Potassium helps with root

development, encouraging a good flow of nutrients and water in your plants. It is also involved in

regulating enzymes within a plant, which helps promote stronger plant stems and thicker cell walls

in the fruit. Because of these factors, potassium helps your plants to become more drought-,

disease- and pest-resistant. Phosphorus The second highest mineral in banana peels, phosphorus

is important in seed germination and viability. It is a necessary element for the production of

blooms, pollen, fruits, and healthy roots. Because it is essential for good root and shoot growth,

phosphorus lends to overall plant strength. Calcium Calcium is another nutrient important for

proper root and stem development. It helps with the breakdown of other necessary nutrients in the

soil like nitrogen. Because it helps other minerals move throughout the plant, Gary Zimmer calls

calcium the trucker of all minerals. Magnesium The nutrient which helps with the production

of chlorophyll, magnesium keeps plants green for photosynthesis. It is also used by plants for the

metabolism of carbohydrates, meaning it helps to actually feed the plant.

Natural antioxidants can be obtained from plant wastes which are transferred to compost

rich by the nutritious organic matter to be returned to the soil for fertilization. Moreover, plant

wastes can be extracted by simple methods to obtain natural antioxidants. The industrial by-
products contain peels, equivalent to 40% of the total weight of fresh banana, generated as a waste

product15. These are used as fertilizer or discarded in many countries as solid waste at large

expense. Potential applications for banana peel depend on its chemical composition. Banana peel

is rich source of natural phenolic compounds, antioxidants as vitamins, flavonoids and K element

which is necessary for plants growth 16. Banana peel is rich in nutritional ingredients such as in

dietary fiber, proteins, essential amino acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids and potassium17. It

contains common growth promoting substances, which may be involved (as foliar or soil

applications) in the mechanism of induction of growth in various plant species18, 19. Moreover,

20reported that, banana peel extract has high contents of vitamin A as beta carotene, vitamin C,

amino acids especially tryptophan, protein, carbohydrates, macro and micronutrients, phenolic

compounds, fat and fiber

Researchers in Belgium evaluated a number of different banana peels from difference

varieties at different stages of ripeness. The intent of their study was to figure out the composition

of the peel to see if there is any potential use for this waste product.

There are ranges in the number of elements that banana peels have however the most

accurate assessment shows banana peels being comprised of 4.4 6.3% dry weight potassium with

significant amounts of Calcium Phosphorus Magnesium and Sodium along with a number of other

trace elements. This accounts for 9/15 of the commonly tested for elements.

Banana peels have high nitrogen to carbon ratio resulting in a net surplus of nitrogen. In

order for that nitrogen to be released the peel must be broken down or completely decomposed.
Most of the nitrogen is tied up in proteins that beneficial bacteria digest and as they died throughout

the growing season the nitrogen is then released and available to the plans.

Food are necessity for people with a big percentage. Banana fruit is one of major food

constitute the principal food resources in the world and occupy the fourth world rank of the most

significant foodstuffs after rice, corn, and milk. It contains a high quality and cheap source of

starch (13%), crude protein (6-9%), crude fat (3.8- 11%), vitamins, bio-active compounds and

other micronutrients (K, P, Ca,Mg). Chemically, it contains cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and

simple sugars. Due to its availability and value, it is capable as an ideal substrate for microbial

process for production of value added products.

Banana peels are readily available agricultural waste that is underutilized as potential

growth medium for yeast strain, despite their rich carbohydrate content and other basic nutrients

that can support yeast growth. Based on research, banana peels are convenient, non-toxic and eco-

Friendly ash to compatible as matrix for producing mulching film. Reported in from study found

That micronutrients such as iron and zinc were found in higher concentration in banana peels

compare to pulps. Upon ripening, several derivative reactions caused by endogenous enzymes are

believed to affect starch and hemicelluloses composition of the peels and this explains its elevated

sugar content. This chemical conversion process makes biodegradation of waste banana peel easy

when needed for other biotechnological use.

Kakawate leaves as pesticide, bio-organic fertilizer

PILI, Camarines Sur, May 50- Other than as pig dewormer, termite and bed bug

neutralizer, anti-fungus and bio-organic fertilizer among others, researchers have discovered

leaves of Mexican Lilac (GlinicidiaSepium) that is locally known as kakawate or Madre de cacao
an effective pesticide, according to the Department of Agriculture (DA).Marilyn Sta. Catalina, the

regional executive director of the DA Regional Field Unit (RFU) for Bicol based here on Tuesday

said the discovery was recently confirmed by Dr. Alfredo Rabena, head of the Research and

Development Office of the University of Northern Philippines (UNP) who found out that kakawate

leaves contain coumarins, an effective botanopesticide.Field demonstrations conducted in several

parts of the Ilocos region, Sta. Catalina said proved Rabenas discovery that the kakawate leaves

botanopesticide effectively eliminated rice weevils, rice bugs and worms in ricefields.The

botanopesticide solution is prepared by way of chopping the kakawate leaves and soaked in water

overnight to extract coumarins and using a strainer, the leaves are separated from the solution.

The resulting solution is sprayed to the ricefield and the best time to do it is from eight

oclock to nine oclock in the morning and from five oclock to six oclock in the afternoon. These

times, worms and pests are coming out from the leaves making the solution more effective.If

applied earlier or later, its effectiveness would not be maximized as pests are still hibernating.

Applying the solution under extreme sunlight will also reduce its effectiveness as the pests hide

from the heat of the sun.Since kakawate is a legume, Sta. Catalina quoted Rabena as saying, its

leaves are rich in nitrogen, an important soil nutrient. Hence, the discarded leaves can be applied

to the field as an organic fertilizer.

It is also recommended that farmers put several leafy branches of kakawate tree in between

rice plants two days after planting to prevent pests from attacking the crop, she said.

Coumarins in kakawate leaves are also effective termites and bed bugs neutralizer and Rabena

presented this finding through his paper The Isolation, Characterization and Identification of

Active Botano Chemicals of Kakawate Leaves against Termites that he presented during the 5th

International Congress of Plant Molecular Biology in Singapore in 1997.

 His study was also included in the book The International Society for Plant Molecular

Biology published by the National University of Singapore and Institute of Molecular

Agrobiology. Kakawate leaves are also effective anti-fungus. It can cure Trichophyton

Metagrophytes that causes leaves diseases like eczema. Crumple several leaves and apply to

affected area of the leaves for a salicylic acid-like effect. Rabena, along with Dr. Nelia Aman and

Engr. Franklin Amistad also both of UNP, Sta. Catalina said have also discovered lately that the

ash of kakawate can be a good concrete mixture for ceramics. Its charcoal is a good moisture and

odor absorbent, too. Kakawate leaves can be used also to deworm pigs. Just have the swine eat

ample leaves and the parasites would not live long. When these uses are not enough, the Bicol DA

chief said it should be remembered that kakawates flowers can be made into salad or into

dinengdeng, a delicious Ilokano veggie dish. She encouraged farmers to plant more kakawate trees

as its adaptability to any type of soil makes it an ideal tree for those who want to cultivate a

plantation of it. Its perhaps one of the easiest growing plants one could find. It is a leguminous

tropical tree that grows mostly in forests and could grow from five to 10 meters tall. Kakawate

defoliates during dry season and flowers at the same time making it odd-looking but beautiful

leafless trees with nothing but branches and flowers. The flowers are pea-like with petals that are

usually lavender, pink or white. It also bears fruits that look like a leathery pod and seeded.

Kakawate is very easy to propagate and inexpensive. The tree could re-sprout very quickly after

pruning. Many farmers plant them mainly to shade other perennial crops like cacao and coffee

Aside from this, kakawate could provide a lot of uses to the farmers from its roots to its

leaves. Its multipurpose use makes it a good plant crop in agroforestry. Since kakawate is a legume,

it is useful for fixing nitrogen in the soil, thus improving soil quality and increasing crop yields.

Kakawate has strong roots. It stabilizes sloping lands and reduces soil erosion. Its wood could be
used as firewood, hedges, and fencing field. The leaves are rich in nitrogen and other nutrients

suitable for green manure and fodder to farm animals. This legume is also popular to the rural folks

as a ripening agent for their harvested banana. Most farmers are not aware that this plant can be

utilized as fertilizer to lessen their farm inputs. Application of organic materials is a good

agricultural practice to maintain soil nutrient level and ameliorate the properties of soil to sustain

crop production. Many organic materials contain secondary nutrients and micronutrients in

addition to organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. NonilonBadayos of the

Department of Soil Science and Dr. Gina Pangga of Farming Systems and Soil Resources Institute,

both of the University of the Philippines-Los Baos tested the potential of kakawate as bio-organic

fertilizer in an earlier study for eggplant production in Laguna. The experiment sought to evaluate

the effect of kakawate on the growth performance and yield of eggplants and on the soils physical

and chemical properties. Observations revealed that the eggplants fertilized with 50 percent

inorganic fertilizer plus 50 percent kakawate were the most vigorous growth rate was faster and

the fruits were heavier than the other treatments. Sta. Catalina said more scientific results on

kakawates effect on the crops performance and yield as well as its beneficial effect on the soil

physical and chemical properties should be studied further.

Similarly, she added, the economic benefits of applying organic materials as soil

amendment and its potential as an alternative to inorganic fertilizers should also be evaluated so

that its benefits to the agriculture sector are emphasized. (PNA) LOR/LQ/DOC/mdr

The efficacy of kakawate leaf extract soap might be due to its major constituents, which

were sulfur, tannin, glycosides and fats. Sulfur, which is abundant and one of the active ingredients

when applied to the skin, does not only destroy the parasites, but also slightly checks the growth
of bacteria. The drug softens the keratin, thereby facilitating penetration to the stratum corneum

into which the mites burrowed. Tannin on the other hand acts as an astringent. It precipitates

protein either externally or internally. Its action is on the surface cells to facilitate the formation of

the protective layer, under which healing can proceed; Fats are another major constituent of

kakawate, used as protective agent to prevent contact with irritating.

Rice water contents for plants

Rice water was considers as waste in the Philippines, but most of us see that the rice water is

just a waste but When you wash the rice, wash water is usually the first to be cloudy. Used washing

muddy color indicates that the outermost layer of rice participated eroded. Although many of the

nutrients that have been lost, but in the epidermis there are still remnants of the nutrients that are

beneficial. Suppose phosphorus (P), one of the main elements that plants need and is always

present in compound fertilizer plants. Phosphorus plays a role in spurring the growth of the roots

and the establishment of a good root system of seeds and young plants. Other nutrients are iron are

important to the formation of leaf green (chlorophyll) also plays an important role in the formation

of carbohydrates, fats and proteins. Besides epidermis also contains vitamins, minerals, and

phytonutrients high. Vitamins are very instrumental in the formation of hormones and serves as a

coenzyme (non-protein components to activate the enzyme).

Rice water also contains valuable nutrients for houseplants. Using it is also a wonderful way

to conserve water and a great way to take some of the worry out of over-fertilizing. The starches

from leftover rice water will help encourage beneficial soil bacteria, while the vitamins and

minerals will add small amounts of NPK (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) to the soil. One
thing to keep in mind when using water from cooking on your houseplants is to make sure the

water has cooled to room temperature before you use it. It's also best to avoid using water that you

have added salt to. Just about any clear or light-colored water that is left over after cooking is

probably okay to use as long as it doesn't contain salts. (Beuttner, 2007)

Chalk dust is a soil neutralizer, the primary use of a lime is to raise the pH of acid soils and

reduce the concentration of aluminum (Al) in soil solution. Poor crop growth in acid soils largely

results from too much soluble Al, which is toxic to the root system of many plants. Lime will

reduce soluble Al through two reactions: CaCO3 + H2OICa2+ + 2OH- + CO2 and Al3 + [soluble] +

3OH - IAl(OH)3 [insoluble]. Additions of lime also supply valuable Ca (and possibly Mg) for plant

nutrition. Some secondary benefits of neutralizing soil acidity with ag lime include increased

phosphorus (P) availability, improved nitrogen (N) fixation by legumes, enhanced mineralization

and nitrification; and better water use, nutrient recovery and plant performance with a healthier

root system.

Calcium as a plant nutrient is characterized by its relatively high content in the plant coupled

with a requirement not much higher than that of a micro nutrient element and an exceedingly

uneven occurrence in soils. The difficulties in defining its actions are accentuated by a weak

biochemical activity. In ecological conditions the secondary consequences of variations in calcium

content may be more striking than the direct ones.

Electron-microscopically studies have revealed that calcium is required for formation and

maintenance of lamellar systems in cell organelle, a fact which might suffice to explain its

indispensability for meristem tic growth.

 Calcium is required for cell elongation in both shoots and roots; the common experience that

it inhibits shoot elongation is certainly due to calcium additions far above actual requirement.

It must be assumed for a rational interpretation of cell elongation that the fundamental

mechanism is the same in shoots and roots. The one action which can be ascribed with certainty

to calcium is a stabilizing of the cell wall with an increase in rigidity, an effect which, with over-

optimal supply, may lead to growth inhibitions. The function is, however, necessary for the normal

organization of cell walls. Calcium has, on the contrary, no significant effect on the synthesis of

cell wall compounds but appears to act on their proper incorporation into the cell wall.

The growth-active calcium may be bound not only to pectins but also to proteins and

nucleoproteids in or in close contact with the cell wall.

The supposition that calcium interacts directly with auxin in the cell wall has not been verified

and does not seem very probable. There are reasons to believe that the points of action of calcium

and auxin in the cell wall differ, auxin inducing growth by wall loosening and calcium establishing

new wall parts.

For submerged organs it may be necessary to consider an indirect effect of calcium on growth

by its regulation of cytoplasmic permeability and thus affecting the exudation of growth-active

compounds.

The ecological problem is to characterize calcifuges (acid soil plants) from calcicoles (base

soil or calcareous soil plants). Growth inhibitions on acid soils depend upon poisoning by A13+

and Mn2+. Opinions differ as to what extent this can be antagonized by calcium. Lime-induced
chlorosis in calcifuges depends upon iron deficiency or iron inactivation in the plant. No acceptable

explanation is given, but it might be related to an interaction of calcium carbonate, phosphorus,

and iron. A hypothesis that it is linked to formation of organic acids is not tenable in the given

form.

Plants react to the calcium ions in the concentrations found in soils. Calcifuges have a low

calcium-optimum for growth and show growth inhibition at high concentrations. Calicoes have a

high optimum for growth. Calcifuges are resistant to aluminum poisoning. Attempts made to

explain the differences in calcium uptake and generally in salt uptake are tentative only, and

relevant data are lacking (Burstrom, 1968)

According to Mr. Guy Sela, Calcium take by the plant is passive and does not require

energy input. Calcium mobility in the plant takes places mainly in the xylem, together with water.

Therefore calcium uptake is directly related to the plant transpiration rate.

Conditions of high humidity, cold and a low transpiration rates may result in calcium

deficiency. Salinity buildup might also cause calcium deficiency because it decreases the water

uptake by the plant.

Since calcium mobility in plants is limited, calcium deficiency will appear in younger

leaves (die back or burns) and in fruits (blossom end rot, bitter pit), because they have a very low

transpiration rate. Therefore, it is necessary to have a constant supply of calcium for continued

growth. Calcium is an essential plant nutrient. It has many roles including participates in metabolic

processes of other nutrients uptake, promotes proper plant cell elongation, strengthen cell wall

structure - calcium is an essential part of plant cell wall. It forms calcium pectate compounds which
give stability to cell walls and bind cells together, participates in enzymatic and hormonal

processes, helps in protecting the plant against heat stress - calcium improves stomata function and

participates in induction of heat shock proteins, helps in protecting the plant against diseases -

numerous fungi and bacteria secret enzymes which impair plant cell wall. Stronger cell walls,

induced by calcium, can avoid the invasion. It also affects fruit quality and has as a role in the

regulation of the stomata.

From the dusty classrooms to the flower garden: calcite as plant growth enhancer, Alunday,

2015

This paper looked into the practical waste management of left pieces of board chalk

(calcite) in the classrooms. Specifically, this study covers the preparation and application of board

chalk (calcite) as plant growth enhancer. Observations on its effect on the growth of plants

highlighted the findings of the study. It aimed to give educational information on the practical

waste management of left pieces of board chalk in the classrooms. Experimentation was used with

three treatments of varied ratio and proportion of soil and powdered chalk in order to validate the

effect of powdered chalk on the growth of plants. The study concludes that powdered chalk is an

effective growth enhancer for plants. It was found out that moderate proportion of soil and

powdered chalk is more effective for the plant to grow faster, taller, healthier, and have stronger

stem. It is recommended that teachers and students should dispose and collect pieces of chalk

properly so that it will be readily available for the school gardener to use it as fertilizer for flowers

and selected plants. It is also recommended for farmers to use powdered chalk (calcite) as growth

enhancer for their farm plants.

 METHOLOGY

The ingredients such as banana peeling, rice water, Madre de cacao leaves and chalk dust,

knife, clean cloth, mortar and pestle, graduated cylinder, weighing scale, stirring rod and pots of

soil were prepared.

The banana peelings were cut into cubes and extracted. Madre de cacao was chopped and

using the mortar and pestle to squeeze quickly and get the extract. Chalk dust was soaked into

warm water and the rice water was get from washing the rice.

50 grams of banana peeling, 50 grams of Madre de cacao leaves. The banana peel was

extract through the unused cloth to measure 50 mL of banana extract. The 50 mL of the banana

peeling extract, 50 mL Madre de cacao leaves extract and 50 ml chalk dust were mix in the

graduated cylinder.

The researchers conducted 3 trials which is the best mixture of the product. Each set up

was compared to a commercial fertilizer. The first set up was the soil with different ratio of mixture

6:5:4:3 (60 mL banana peeling+50 mL Madre de cacao+ 40 mL chalk dust + 30 mL rice water),

the second set up was the soil with the ratio 3:4:5:6 (30 mL banana peeling + 40 mL Madre de

cacao + 50 mL chalk dust +60 mL rice water) and the third trial has the equal ratio 1:1:1:1 ( 50

mL banana peeling + 50 mL Madre de cacao + 50mL chalk dust + 50 mL rice water). The

researchers also observed the effect of the proportion the plant growth.

There were 2 plots of the same soil and planted mustard seeds. The first pot was applied

with the use of the product and the second pot was applied without the use of the product.

Each plant was observed every week.

Preparation Extracting

Mixing Measuring

Testing Comparing
 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Table 1.1 trials

TRIAL 1

6:5:4:3 After 1 week, the seed germinate

(60 mL banana peeling+50 mL Madre de

cacao+ 40 mL chalk dust + 30 mL rice water)

3:4:5:6 After 1 week, the seed germinate

(30 mL banana peeling + 40 mL Madre de

cacao + 50 mL chalk dust +60 mL rice water)

1:1:1:1 After 1 week, the seed germinated and it is 10

(50 mL banana peeling + 50 mL Madre de cm. in height

cacao + 50 mL chalk dust +50 mL rice water)

In trial 3, the mixture of 50mL banana peeling extract, 50mL of kakawate leaves, 50ml of

rice water and 50mL of chalk dust yielded better result than the first trial. The product in second

trial speeds up the growth of the seed compare to the first. It only proves that equal mixture can

contribute equal nutrients needed by the soil.

 Table 1.2 Testing and Comparison of the product

VARIABLES Result after 1 After 2 weeks After 3 weeks After 4 weeks

week

A The seed The plant has 4 6 green long The plant has10-

(with the germinated green leaves leaves 8-9 12 inches larger

product) It has 10 cm in inches larger leaves were

height leaves were observed

observed

B The seed The plant has 3- 5 leaves and 6-8 The plant is 8-10

(without the germinates and 4 leaves inches high

product) 4cm. high

Table 1.2 shows the comparison of the plant A with plant B. according to the data, plant A

has a better plant growth compare with plant B. In just a week, the seed was germinated and it is

10 cm high.

Table 1.3 observing the product as pesticide

Plant After 4 weeks

A The leaf has no holes

(4 in 1 UltraPLUS)

B The leaf has holes and insect (aphids)

(without any fertilizer)

 Table 1.3 shows the efficacy of the product as pesticide. According to the table, it controls

the insects that commonly harm the mustard plant, especially leaves. The researcher found out that

the presence of kakawate affect the aphids according to her research. It can be also serve as an

alternative to all inorganic pesticides. The 4 in 1 UltraPLUS was sprayed to Plant A. After a week,

the Plant A has no holes and no aphids at all.

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Conclusions

Based on the results and findings of the study, it is concluded that the researchers proved the

effectiveness of banana peeling, madre de cacao, chalk dust and rice water as an effective organic

growth enhancer and pesticide. These four have benefits even they are considered as waste and

indigenous materials.

Musa sapienta peeling, Gliricidia sepium leaves, Oryza sativa water and chalk dust can

stimulate growth, speed up the growth and prevent plants from insects and other pests. Farmers

dont need to buy pesticides and fertilizers that can harm the soil and plants, instead the product is

serve as alternative.

The researchers found out that the presence of chalk dust is very helpful in the growth of the

leaves and also used as soil neutralizer according to their research Musa paradisiaca peeling,

Gliricidia sepium leaves, Oryza sativa water and chalk dust as (product) is environment-friendly

and hazard-free product because of the use of recycled and indigenous materials where pesticide

and fertilizer combine.

Recommendations

Based on the results, the researchers recommends to use banana peeling, madre de cacao

leave, chalk dust, and rice water as an alternative to commercial fertilizers and pesticides. Also the

researchers recommends to use the product on other plants and compare it to the mustard plant.

Use apron while extracting the raw materials to avoid stains in dress also use proper

materials upon doing the experimentations. Research for another procedure, which will obtain

results better than the researcher`s used in the study.

Bibliography

Acid Content and Yield of Satureja hortensis L., Journal of Agricultural Science

Babalar, September 2010, Effects of Nitrogen and Calcium Carbonate on Growth, Rosmarinic

Burstrom, 1968, Calcium and Plant Growth

International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering and Applied SciencesYear : 2015,

Volume : 4,Issue : 11First page : ( 83) Last page : (92)

Pimentel, D. 1993. Climate changes and food supply. Forum for Applied Research and Public

Policy 8 (4): 54-60.

(balita.ph/2010/05/25/kakawate-leaves-as-pesticide-bio-organic-fertilizer/)

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1469-185X.1968.tb00962.x/abstract?systemMessage

http://www.smart-fertilizer.com/articles/calcium-in-plants

http://www.cropnutrition.com/calcium-carbonate

http://survivalathome.com/using-banana-peels-in-the-garden/
 APPENDICES

PHOTO TAKEN BEFORE DURING AND AFTER THE PREPARATION

Extraction of banana peelings and madre cacao

 MEASURING ALL THE EXTRACTS

Make sure that the ingredients are equal with the measure of 50 ml.
MIXING OF ALL THE EXTRACT

Result of mixing all the extract.

 ACKNOWLEGEMENT

We would like to express our sincerest gratitude for our study, without this people this study

would not be taken place:

To Ms. Rosalyn Marie Sugay, our project adviser, who guided us upon doing this study.

To Mrs. Marilou M. Pantoja, for giving his insights, thoughts and ideas about this study.

To the CNHS Faculty for giving us moral support while doing this study.

To our dear parents,

Mr. and Mrs. Chavez, Mr. and Mrs. Andal, Mr. and Mrs. Mascarenias, who never stop giving us

support morally and financially.

Most of all, to our Dear Lord God for giving us the strength and confidence to make this project.

To God be the Glory!

 Time Table

ACTIVITIES ACTUAL DATE

1. Planning the title

2. Researching some facts and Evidence

3. Problem and Hypothesis

4. Preparing for the materials and

equipment to be used

5. Processing the procedure

6. Making the Data table

7. Completing the Bibliography

 COMPARISON

PLANT A PLANT B