Similarity of Triangle 95

17

Similarity of Triangle

17.1 INTRODUCTION
Looking around you will see many objects which are of the same shape but of same or different
sizes. For examples, leaves of a tree have almost the same shape but same or different sizes.
Similarly, photographs of different sizes developed from the same negative are of same shape
but different sizes, the miniature model of a building and the building itself are of same shape
but different sizes. All those objects which have the same shape but different sizes are called
similar objects.
Let us examine the similarity of plane figures :
(i) Two line-segments of the same length are congruent but of different lengths are similar.

(ii) Two circles of the same radius are congurent but circles of different radii are similar.

(iii) Two equilateral triangles of different sides are similar.

96 Mathematics

(iv) Two squares of different sides are similar.

In this lesson, we shall study about the concept of similarity, especially similarity of triangles
and the conditions thereof. We shall also study about various results related to them.

17.2 OBJECTIVES
After studying this lesson, the learner will be able to :
z identify similar figures
z distinguish between congurent and similar plane figures
z cite the criteria for similarity of triangles viz. AAA, SSS and SAS.
z verify and use unstarred results given in the curriculum based on similarity experimentally
z prove the Baudhayan/Pythagoras Theorem
z apply these results in verifying experimentally (or proving logically) problems based on
similar triangles.

17.3 EXPECTED BACKGROUND KNOWLEDGE

Knowledge of
z plane figures like triangles, quadrilaterals, circles, rectangles, squares, etc.
z criteria of congruency of triangles
z finding squares and square-roots of numbers
z ratio and proportion
z internal and external bisectors of angles of a triangle.

17.4 SIMILAR PLANE FIGURES

Fig. 17.2
Similarity of Triangle 97

In Fig. 17.2, the two pentagon seem to be of the same shape.

We can see that ∠A = ∠A′, ∠B = ∠B′, ∠C = ∠C′, ∠D = ∠D′ and ∠E = ∠E′ and
AB = BC = CD = DE = EA
. We say that the two pentagons are similar. Thus we say
A ' B' B' C' C' D' D' E' E' A '
that
Any two polygons, with corresponding angles equal and corresponding sides
proportional, are similar
Thus, two polygons are similar, if they satisfy the following two conditions :
(i) Corresponding angles are equal
(ii) The corresponding sides are proportional.
Even if one of the conditions does not hold, the polygons are not similar as in the case of a
rectangle and square given in Fig. 17.3. Here all the corresponding angles are equal but the
corresponding sides are not proportional.

Fig. 17.3

17.5 SIMILARITY OF TRIANGLES

Triangles are special type of polygons and therefore the conditions of similarity of polygons
also hold for triangles. Thus,
Two triangles are similar if
(i) their corresponding angles are equal, and
(ii) their corresponding sides are proportional

Fig. 17.4

We say that ∆ABC is similar to ∆DEF and denote it by writing

∆ABC ~ ∆DEF
98 Mathematics

The symbol ‘~’ stands for the phrase “ is similar to”

If ∆ABC ~ ∆DEF, then by definition

AB = BC = CA
∠A = ∠D, ∠B = ∠E, ∠D = ∠F and
DE EF FD

17.5.1 AAA criterion for similarity

We shall show that if either of the above two conditions is satisfied then the other automatically
holds in the case of triangles.
Let us perform the following experiment.
Construct two ∆’s ABC and PQR in which ∠P = ∠A, ∠Q = ∠B and ∠R = ∠C as shown
in Fig. 17.5.

Fig. 17.5

Measure the sides AB, BC and CA of ∆ABC and also measure the sides PQ, QR and RP of
∆PQR.

AB BC CA
Now find the ratio PQ , QR and .
RP

What do you find ? You will find that all the three ratios are equal and therefore the triangles
are similar.
Try this with different triangles with equal corresponding angles. You will find the same result.
Thus, we can say that

If in two triangles, the corresponding angles are equal the triangles are similar.

This is called AAA similarity criterion.

17.5.2 SSS criterion for similarity.

Let us now perform the following experiment :
Draw a triangle ABC with AB = 3 cm, BC = 4.5 cm and CA = 3.5 cm
Similarity of Triangle 99

(i) (ii)

Fig. 17.6

Draw another ∆PQR as shown in Fig. 17.6 (ii)

AB BC AC
We can see that PQ = QR = PR

i.e., the sides of the two triangles are proportional

Now measure ∠A, ∠B and ∠C of ∆ABC and ∠P, ∠Q and ∠R of ∆PQR.
You will find that ∠A = ∠P, ∠B = ∠Q and ∠C = ∠R.
Repeat the experiment with another two triangles having corresponding sides proportional, you
will find that the corresponding angles are equal and so the triangle are similar.
Thus, we can say that
If the corresponding sides of two triangles are proportional the triangles are
similar.

17.5.3 SAS Criterian for Similarity

Let us conduct the following experiment.
Take a line AB = 3 cm and at A construct an angle of 60°. Cut off AC = 4.5 cm. Join BC

Fig. 17.7

Now take PQ = 6 cm. At P, draw an angle of 60° and cut off PR = 9 cm.
Measure ∠B, ∠C, ∠Q and ∠R. We shall find that ∠B = ∠Q and ∠C = ∠R
Thus, ∆ABC ~ ∆PQR
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Thus, we conclude that

If one angle of a triangle is equal to one angle of the other triangle and the sides
containing these angles are proportional, the triangles are similar.
Thus, we have three important criteria for the similarity of triangles. They are given below:

(i) If in two triangles, the corresponding angles are equal, the triangles are similar.
(ii) If the corresponding sides of two triangles are proportional, the triangles are
similar.
(iii) If one angle of a triangle is equal to one angle of the other triangle and the sides
containing these angles are proportional, the triangle are similar.

Example 17.1 : In Fig. 17.8 are given two triangles ABC and PQR

Fig. 17.8

Is ∆ABC ~ ∆PQR ?
Solution : We are given that
∠A = ∠P and ∠B = ∠Q
We also know that
∠A + ∠B + ∠C = ∠P + ∠Q + ∠R = 180°
Thus, according to first criterion of similarity
∆ABC ~ ∆PQR.
Example 17.2 :

Fig. 17.9

In Fig. 17.9, ∆ABC ~ ∆PQR. If AC = 4.8 cm, AB = 4 cm and PQ = 9 cm, find PR.
Similarity of Triangle 101

Solution : It is given that ∆ABC ~ ∆PQR

AB AC
∴ PQ = PR
Let PR = x cm
4 4.8
∴ =
9 x
⇒ 4x = 9 × 4.8
⇒ x = 10.8
i.e., PR = 10.8 cm.

CHECK YOUR PROGRESS 17.1

Find the values of x and y if ∆ABC ~ ∆PQR

(i)

Fig. 17.10

(ii)

Fig. 17.11

(iii)

Fig. 17.12
102 Mathematics

17.6 BASIC PROPORTIONALITY THEOREM

We state below the Basic Proportionality Theorem :

If a line is drawn parallel to one side of a triangle, the other two sides of the triangle
are divided proportionally.

Thus, in Fig. 17.13, DE || BC, According to the above result

AD = AE
DB EC

We can easily verify this by measuring AD, DB, AE and EC. You
will find that

AD = AE Fig. 17.13
DB EC
We state the converse of the above result as follows :
If a line divides any two sides of a triangle in the same ratio, the line is parallel
to third side of the triangle.

AD = AE
Thus, in Fig. 17.13, if DE divides sides AB and AC of ∆ABC such that , then
DB EC
DE || BC.
We can verify this by measuring ∠ADE and ∠ABC and finding that
∠ADE = ∠ABC
These being alternate angles, the lines DE and BC are parallel.
We can verify the above two results by taking different triangles.
Let us solve some examples based on these.
Example 17.3 : In Fig. 17.14, DE || BC. If AD = 3 cm, DB = 5 cm and AE = 6 cm, find AC.
Solution : DE || BC (Given). Let EC = x

AD AE
∴ =
DB EC
3 6
∴ =
5 x
⇒ 3x = 30
⇒ x = 10
∴ EC = 10 cm Fig. 17.14
∴ AC = AE + EC = 16 cm.
Similarity of Triangle 103

5
Example 17.4 : In Fig. 17.15, AD = 4 cm, DB = 5 cm, AE = 4.5 cm and EC = 5 cm. Is
8
DE || BC ? Given reasons for your answer.
Solution : We are given that AD = 4 cm and DB = 5 cm.

AD 4
∴ =
DB 5

AE 4.5 9 8 =4
Similarly, = 45 = ×
EC 2 45 5
8 Fig. 17.15
∴ According to converse of Basic Proportionality Theorem
DE || BC.

CHECK YOUR PROGRESS 17.2

1. In Fig. 17.16 (i), (ii) and (iii), PQ || BC. Find the value of x in each case.

Fig. 17.16

2. In Fig. 17.17 [(i), (ii) and (iii)], find whether DE is parallel to BC or not ? Give reasons
for your answer.

Fig. 17.17

17.7 BISECTOR OF AN ANGLE OF A TRIANGLE

We now state an important result as given below :

The internal bisector of an angle of a triangle divides the opposite side in the ratio
of sides containing the angle
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Thus, according to the above result, if AD is the internal

bisector of ∠A of ∆ABC, then

BD AB
=
DC AC
We can easily verify this by measuring BD, DC, AB and
AC and finding the ratios. We will find that
Fig. 17.18
BD AB
=
DC AC
Repeating the same activity with other triangles, we may verify the result.
Let us solve some examples to illustrate this.
Example 17.5 : The sides AB and AC of a triangle are 6 cm and 8 cm. The bisector AD of
∠A intersects the opposite side BC in D such that BD = 4.5 cm. Find the length of segment
CD.
Solution : According to the above result, we have

BD AB
=
DC AC
(Q AD is the internal bisector of ∠A of ∆ABC)

4.5 6
or =
x 8
⇒ 6x = 4.5 × 8 Fig. 17.19

x=6
i.e., the length of line-segment CD = 6 cm.
Example 17.6 : The sides of a triangle are 28 cm, 36 cm and 48 cm. Find the lengths of the
line-segments into which the smallest side is divided by the bisector of the angle opposite to
it.
Solution : The smallest side is of length 28 cm and the
sides forming the angle. A opposite to it are 36 cm and
48 cm. Let the angle bisector AD meet BC in D.

BD 36 = 3
∴ =
DC 48 4

36 DC = 3
⇒ 4BD = 3DC or BD = DC
48 4
BC = BD + DC = 28 cm

3 Fig. 17.20
∴ DC + DC = 28
4
Similarity of Triangle 105

∴
FH 4
DC = 28 × 7
IK cm = 16

∴ BD = 12 cm and DC = 16 cm

CHECK YOUR PROGRESS 17.3

1. In Fig. 17.21, AD is the bisector of ∠A, meeting BC in D. If AB = 4.5 cm, BD = 3 cm,

DC = 5 cm, find x.

Fig. 17.21

2. In Fig. 17.22, PS is the internal bisector of ∠P of ∆PQR. The dimensions of some of

the sides are given in Fig. 17.22. Find x.

Fig. 17.22

3. In Fig. 17.23, RS is the internal bisector of ∠R of ∆PQR. For the given dimensions, express
p, the length of QS in terms of x, y and z.

Fig. 17.23
106 Mathematics

17.8 SOME MORE IMPORTANT RESULTS

Let us study another important result on similarity in connection with a right triangle and the
perpendicular from the vertex of the right angle to the opposite side. We state the result below
and try to verify the same.
If a perpendicular is drawn from the vertex of the right angle of a right triangle
to the hypotenuse, the triangles on each side of the perpendicular are similar to
each other and to the triangle.
Let us try of verify this by an activity.

Draw a ∆ABC, right angled at A. Draw AD ⊥ to the

hypotenuse BC, meeting it in D.
Let ∠DBA = α , As ∠ADB = 90°,
∴ ∠BAD = 90° – α
As ∠BAC = 90° and ∠BAD = 90° – α , Fig. 17.24
Therefore ∠DAC = α
Similarly, ∠DCA = 90° – α
∴ ∆ADB and ∆CDA are similar, as it has all the corresponding angles equal.
Also, the angles of ∆BAC are α , 90° and 90° – α
∴ ∆ADB ~ ∆CDA ~ ∆CAB
Another important result is about relation between sides and areas of similar triangles.
It states that
The ratio of the areas of similar triangles is equal to the ratio of the squares on
their corresponding sides
Let us verify this result by the following activity. Draw two triangles ABC and PQR which
are similar i.e., their sides are proportional.

Fig. 17.25
Similarity of Triangle 107

Draw AD ⊥ BC and PS ⊥ QR
Measure the lengths of AD and PS.
Find the product AD × BC and PS × QR
You will find that AD × BC = BC2 and PS × QR = QR2
Now AD × BC = 2. Area of ∆ABC
PS × QR = 2. Area of ∆PQR

Area of ∆ABC AD × BC BC 2
∴ Area of ∆PQR = PS × QR = ...(i)
QR 2

BC AB = AC
As QR = PQ PR

Area of ∆ABC BC 2 AB2 = AC 2

∴ Area of ∆PQR = =
QR 2 PQ 2 PR 2
The activity may be repeated by taking different pairs of similar triangles.
Let us illustrate these results with the help of examples.
Example 17.7 : Find the ratio of the area of two similar triangles if one pair of their
corresponding sides are 2.5 cm and 5.0 cm.
Solution : Let the two triangles be ABC and PQR
Let BC = 2.5 cm and QR = 5.0

Area ∆ABCb BC 2 g2.5

=
1 b g 2

Area ∆PQRb=
QR 2 =
g5.0
2 4 b g
Example 17.8 : In a ∆ABC, PQ || BC and intersects AB and AC at P and Q respectively. If
AP = 2
, find the ratio of areas of ∆APQ and ∆ABC.
BP 3

Solution : In Fig. 17.26,

PQ || BC

AP AQ 2
∴ = QC = 3
BP

BP 3
∴ =
AP 2
Fig. 17.26

∴ 1+ BP = 1 + 3 = 5
AP 2 2
108 Mathematics

AB 5 AP 2
⇒ = ⇒ =
AP 2 AB 5

b
Area ∆APQ g
AP 2 FG AP IJ = FG 2 IJ
2 2
4
∴
b
Area ∆ABC
=
g
AB2
=
H ABK H 5 K =
25
.

CHECK YOUR PROGRESS 17.4

1. In Fig. 17.27, ABC is a right triangle with ∠A = 90° and ∠C = 30°. Show that
∆DAB ~ ∆DCA ~ ∆ACB.

Fig. 17.27

2. Find the ratio of the areas of two similar triangles if the corresponding sides are of lengths
3 cm and 5 cm.
3. In Fig. 17.28, ABC is a triangle in which DE || BC. If AB = 6 cm and AD = 2 cm, find
the ratio of the area of ∆ADE and trapezium DBCE.

Fig. 17.28

4. P, Q and R are the mid-points of the sides AB, BC and CA of the ∆ABC respectively.
Show that the area of ∆PQR is one-fourth the area of ∆ABC.
5. In two similar triangles ABC and PQR, if the corresponding altitudes AD and PS are in
the ratio of 4 : 9, find the ratio of the areas of ∆ABC and ∆PQR.

LMHint : Use AB = AD = BC = CA OP
N PQ PS QR PR Q

6. If the ratio of the areas of two similar triangles is 16 : 25, find the ratio of their
corresponding sides.
Similarity of Triangle 109

17.9 BAUDHAYAN/PYTHAGORAS THEOREM

We know prove an important theorem, called Baudhayan/Phythagorus Theorem using the
concept of similarity.
Theorem : In a right triangle, the square on the hypotenuse is equal to the sum
of the squares on the other two sides.
Given. A right triangle ABC, in which ∠B = 90°.
To Prove : AC2 = AB2 + BC2
Construction. From B, draw BD ⊥ AC (See Fig. 17.29)
Proof : BD ⊥ AC
∴ ∆ADB ~ ∆ABC ...(i)
and ∆BDC ~ ∆ABC ...(ii)

AB AD
From (i), we get =
AC AB
⇒ AB2 = AC.AD ...(A)
Fig. 17.29
BC DC
From (ii), we get =
AC BC
⇒ BC2 = AC.DC ...(B)
Adding (A) and (B), we get
AB2 + BC2 = AC (AD + DC)
= AC. AC = AC2
The theorem is known after the name of famous Greek Mathematician Pythagoras. This was
originally stated by the Indian Mathematician. Baudhayan about 200 years before Pythagoras.

17.9.1 Converse of Pythagoras Theorem

The conserve of the above theorem states :

In a triangle, if the square on one side is equal to sum of the squares on the other
two sides, the angle opposite to first side is a right angle.

This result can be verified by the following activity.

Draw a triangle ABC with side 3 cm, 4 cm and 5 cm.
i.e., AB = 3 cm, BC = 4 cm
and AC = 5 cm.
You can see that AB2 + BC2 = (3)2 + (4)2
= 9 + 16 = 25
Fig. 17.30
110 Mathematics

AC2 = (5)2 = 25
∴ AB2 + BC2 = AC2
The triangle in Fig. 17.30 satisfies the condition of the above result.
Measure ∠ABC, you will find that ∠ABC = 90°. Construct triangles of sides 5 cm, 12 cm
and 13 cm, and of sides 7 cm, 24 cm, 25 cm. You will again find that the angles opposite
to side of length 13 cm and 25 cm are 90° each.
Let us solve some examples using above results.
Example 17.9 : In a right triangle, the sides containing the right angle are of length 5 cm and
12 cm. Find the length of the hypotenuse.
Solution : Let ABC be the right triangle, right angled at B
∴ AB = 5 cm, BC = 12 cm
Also, AC2 = BC2 + AB2
= (12)2 + (5)2
= 144 + 125
= 169
∴ AC = 13
i.e., the length of the hypotenuse is 13 cm.
Example 17.10 : Find the length of diagonal of a rectangle the lengths of whose sides are
3 cm and 4 cm.
Solution : In Fig. 17.31, is a rectangle ABCD. Join the
diagonal BD. Now DCB is a right triangle.
∴ BD2 = BC2 + CD2
= 42 + 32
= 16 + 9 = 25
BD = 5 Fig. 17.31
i.e., the length of diagonal of rectangle ABCD is 5 cm.
Example 17.11 : In an equilateral triangle, verify that three times
the square on one side is equal to four times the square on its
altitude.

Solution : The altitude AD ⊥ BC

and BD = CD
Let AB = BC = CA = 2a
and BD = CD = a
Let AD = x Fig. 17.32
Similarity of Triangle 111

∴ x2 = (2a)2 – (a)2 = 3a2

3.(Side)2 = 3. (2a)2 = 12 a2
4.(Altitude) = 4. 3a2 = 12a2
Hence the result.
Example 17.12 : ABC is a right triangle, right angled at C. If CD, the length of perpendicular
from C on AB is p, BC = a, AC = b and AB = c, show that
(i) pc = ab

1 1 1
(ii) p 2 = 2 + 2
a b

Solution : (i) CD ⊥ AB
∴ ∆ABC ~ ∆ACD

c a
∴ =
b p
⇒ pc = ab. Fig. 17.33

(ii) AB2 = AC2 + BC2

or c2 = b2 + a2

F ab I 2

H pK = b2 + a2

1 a 2 + b2 1 1
or = = 2
+
p2 a 2 b2 a b2

CHECK YOUR PROGRESS 17.5

1. The sides of certain triangles are given below. Determine which of them are right triangles
: [AB = c, BC = a, CA = b]
(i) a = 4 cm, b = 5 cm, c = 3 cm
(ii) a = 1.6 cm, b = 3.8 cm, c = 4 cm
(iii) a = 9 cm, b = 16 cm, c = 18 cm
(iv) a = 7 cm, b = 24 cm, c = 25 cm
2. Two poles of height 6 m and 11 m, stand on a plane ground. If the distance between their
feet is 12 m, find the distance between their tops.
112 Mathematics

3. Find the length of the diagonal of a square of side 10 cm.

4. In Fig. 17.34, ∠C is acute and AD ⊥ BC. Show that AB2 = AC2 + BC2 – 2BC. DC

Fig. 17.34

5. L and M are the mid-points of the sides AB and AC of ∆ABC, right angled at B. Show
that
4LC2 = AB2 + 4BC2
6. P and Q are points on the sides CA and CB respectively of ∆ABC, right angled at C.
Prove that
AQ2 + BP2 = AB2 + PQ2
7. PQR is an isosceles right triangle with ∠Q = 90°. Prove that PR2 = 2PQ2.
8. A ladder is placed against a wall such that its top reaches upto a height of 4 m of the
wall. If the foot of the ladder is 3 m away from the wall, find the length of the ladder.

LET US SUM UP
z Objects which have the same shape but different sizes are called similar objects.
z Any two polygons, with corresponding angles equal and corresponding sides proportional,
are similar.
z Two triangles are said to be similar, if
(a) their corresponding angles are equal and
(b) their corresponding sides are proportional
z Criteria of similarity
– AAA criterion
– SSS criterion
– SAS criterion
z If a line is drawn parallel to one-side of a triangle, it divides the other two sides in the
same ratio and its converse.
Similarity of Triangle 113

z The internal bisector of an angle of a triangle divides the opposite side in the ratio of
sides containing the angle.
z If a perpendicular is drawn from the vertex of the right angle of a right angled triangle
to the hypotenuse, the triangles so formed are similar to each other and to the given
triangle.
z The ratio of the areas of two similar triangles is equal to the ratio of squares of their
corresponding sides.
z In a right triangle, the square on the hypotenuse is equal to sum of the squares on the
remaining two sides – (Baudhyan) Pythagoras Theorem
z In a triangle, if the square on one side is equal to the sum of the squares on the remaining
two sides, then the angle opposite to the first side is a right angle – converse of
(Baudhayan) Pythagoras Theorem.

TERMINAL EXERCISE
1. Write the criteria for the similarity of two polygons.
2. Enumerate different criteria for the similarity of the two triangles.
3. In which of the following cases, ∆’s ABC and PQR are similar
(i) ∠A = 40°, ∠B = 60°, ∠C = 80°, ∠P = 40°, ∠Q = 60° and ∠R = 80°
(ii) ∠A = 50°, ∠B = 70°, ∠C = 60°, ∠P = 50°, ∠Q = 60° and ∠R = 70°
(iii) AB = 2.5 cm, BC = 4.5 cm, CA = 3.5 cm
PQ = 5.0 cm, QR = 9.0 cm, RP = 7.0 cm
(iv) AB = 3 cm, BC = 4 cm, CA = 5.0 cm
PQ = 4.5 cm, QR = 7.5 cm, RP = 6.0 cm.
4. In Fig. 17.35, AD = 3 cm, AE = 4.5 cm, DB = 4.0 cm, find CE, given that DE || BC.

Fig. 17.35 Fig. 17.36

5. In Fig. 15.36, DE || AC. From the dimension given in the figure, find the value of x.
114 Mathematics

6. In Fig. 17.37 is shown a ∆ABC in which AD = 5 cm, DB = 3 cm, AE = 2.50 cm and

EC = 1.5 cm. Is DE || BC ? Give reasons for your answer.

Fig. 17.37 Fig. 17.38

7. In Fig. 17.38, AD is the internal bisector of ∠A of ∆ABC. From the given dimension,
find x.
8. The perimeter of two similar ∆’s ABC and DEF are 12 cm and 18 cm. Find the ratio of
the area of ∆ABC to that of ∆DEF.
9. The altitudes AD and PS of two similar ∆’s ABC and PQR are of length 2.5 cm and 3.5
cm. Find the ratio of area of ∆ABC to that of ∆PQR.
10. Which of the following are right triangles ?
(i) AB = 5 cm, BC = 12 cm, CA = 13 cm
(ii) AB = 8 cm, BC = 6 cm, CA = 10 cm
(iii) AB = 10 cm, BC = 5 cm, CA = 6 cm
(iv) AB = 25 cm, BC = 24 cm, CA = 7 cm
(v) AB = a2 + b2, BC = 2ab, CA = a2 – b2
11. Find the area of an equilateral triangle of side 2a.
Fig. 17.39
12. Two poles of height 12 m and 17 m, stand on a plane
ground and the distance between their feet is 12 m.
Find the distance between their tops.
13. In Fig. 17.39, show that
AB2 = AC2 + BC2 + 2BC.CD
14. A ladder is placed against a wall and its top reaches a point at a height of 8 m from the
ground. If the distance between the wall and foot of the ladder is 6 m, find the length
of the ladder.
15. In an equilateral triangle, show that three times the square of a side equals four times
the square on medians.
Similarity of Triangle 115

ANSWERS

Check Your Progress 17.1

1. (i) x = 4.5, y = 3.5 (ii) x = 70, y = 50 (iii) x = 2 cm, y = 7 cm

Check Your Progress 17.2

1. (i) 6 (ii) 6 (iii) 10 cm
2. (i) No (ii) Yes (iii) Yes

Check Your Progress 17.3

1. 7.5 cm 2. 4 cm

yz
3. (x = –1 is not possible)
x

Check Your Progress 17.4

2. 9 : 25 3. 1 : 8 5. 16 : 81
6. 4 : 5

Check Your Progress 17.5

1. (i) Yes (ii) No (iii) No
(iv) Yes

2. 13 m 3. 10 2 cm 8. 5 m

Terminal Exercise
3. (i) and (iii) 4. 6 cm 5. 4.5 cm

AD AE
6. Yes : = 7. 4.5 cm
DB EC

8. 4 : 9 9. 25 : 49
10. (i), (ii), (iv) and (v)

11. 3a 2 12. 13 m 14. 10 m