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    8086 Assembler Tutorial For Beginners (Part 10)

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    sankukv
    Macros are similar to procedures but are expanded directly into the code. Macros are defined with MACRO and ENDM and parameters can be passed directly, while procedures use CALL and the stack. Macros increase file size if used multiple times as they are expanded each time, whereas procedures only use 3 bytes for the CALL and return address. Labels inside macros require the LOCAL directive to avoid duplicate errors when a macro is used multiple times.

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    8086 Assembler Tutorial For Beginners (Part 10)

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    sankukv
    240 views3 pages
    Macros are similar to procedures but are expanded directly into the code. Macros are defined with MACRO and ENDM and parameters can be passed directly, while procedures use CALL and the stack. Macros increase file size if used multiple times as they are expanded each time, whereas procedures only use 3 bytes for the CALL and return address. Labels inside macros require the LOCAL directive to avoid duplicate errors when a macro is used multiple times.

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    8086 Assembler Tutorial for Beginners (Part 10)

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    Macros are similar to procedures but are expanded directly into the code. Macros are defined with MACRO and ENDM and parameters can be passed directly, while procedures use CALL and the stack. Macros increase file size if used multiple times as they are expanded each time, whereas procedures only use 3 bytes for the CALL and return address. Labels inside macros require the LOCAL directive to avoid duplicate errors when a macro is used multiple times.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    240 views3 pages

    8086 Assembler Tutorial For Beginners (Part 10)

    Uploaded by

    sankukv
    Macros are similar to procedures but are expanded directly into the code. Macros are defined with MACRO and ENDM and parameters can be passed directly, while procedures use CALL and the stack. Macros increase file size if used multiple times as they are expanded each time, whereas procedures only use 3 bytes for the CALL and return address. Labels inside macros require the LOCAL directive to avoid duplicate errors when a macro is used multiple times.

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    10/2/2017 8086 Assembler Tutorial for Beginners (Part 10)

    8086 Assembler Tutorial for Beginners (Part 10)

    Macros
    Macros are just like procedures, but not really. Macros look like
    procedures, but they exist only until your code is compiled, after
    compilation all macros are replaced with real instructions. If you
    declared a macro and never used it in your code, compiler will simply
    ignore it. emu8086.inc is a good example of how macros can be
    used, this file contains several macros to make coding easier for
    you.

    Macro definition:

    name MACRO [parameters,...]

    <instructions>

    ENDM

    Unlike procedures, macros should be defined above the code that


    uses it, for example:

    MyMacro MACRO p1, p2, p3

    MOV AX, p1
    MOV BX, p2
    MOV CX, p3

    ENDM

    ORG 100h

    MyMacro 1, 2, 3

    MyMacro 4, 5, DX

    RET

    The above code is expanded into:

    MOV AX, 00001h


    MOV BX, 00002h
    MOV CX, 00003h
    http://courses.ee.sun.ac.za/OLD/2003/Rekenaarstelsels245/8086_Instruksies/asm_tutorial_10.html 1/3
    10/2/2017 8086 Assembler Tutorial for Beginners (Part 10)

    MOV AX, 00004h


    MOV BX, 00005h
    MOV CX, DX

    Some important facts about macros and procedures:

    When you want to use a procedure you should use CALL


    instruction, for example:

    CALL MyProc

    When you want to use a macro, you can just type its name.
    For example:

    MyMacro

    Procedure is located at some specific address in memory,


    and if you use the same procedure 100 times, the CPU will
    transfer control to this part of the memory. The control will
    be returned back to the program by RET instruction. The
    stack is used to keep the return address. The CALL
    instruction takes about 3 bytes, so the size of the output
    executable file grows very insignificantly, no matter how
    many time the procedure is used.

    Macro is expanded directly in program's code. So if you use


    the same macro 100 times, the compiler expands the macro
    100 times, making the output executable file larger and
    larger, each time all instructions of a macro are inserted.

    You should use stack or any general purpose registers to


    pass parameters to procedure.

    To pass parameters to macro, you can just type them after


    the macro name. For example:

    MyMacro 1, 2, 3

    To mark the end of the macro ENDM directive is enough.

    To mark the end of the procedure, you should type the name
    of the procedure before the ENDP directive.

    Macros are expanded directly in code, therefore if there are labels


    inside the macro definition you may get "Duplicate declaration" error
    when macro is used for twice or more. To avoid such problem, use
    LOCAL directive followed by names of variables, labels or procedure

    http://courses.ee.sun.ac.za/OLD/2003/Rekenaarstelsels245/8086_Instruksies/asm_tutorial_10.html 2/3
    10/2/2017 8086 Assembler Tutorial for Beginners (Part 10)

    names. For example:

    MyMacro2 MACRO
    LOCAL label1, label2

    CMP AX, 2
    JE label1
    CMP AX, 3
    JE label2
    label1:
    INC AX
    label2:
    ADD AX, 2
    ENDM

    ORG 100h

    MyMacro2

    MyMacro2

    RET

    If you plan to use your macros in several programs, it may be a good


    idea to place all macros in a separate file. Place that file in Inc
    folder and use INCLUDE file-name directive to use macros. See
    Library of common functions - emu8086.inc for an example of such
    file.

    <<< Previous Part <<< >>> Next Part >>>

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