POLSC 384 Comparative Foreign Policy

Zachary Shirkey Class Room: 1731 HW

212-772-5503 Class Time: 11:10-12:25
zshirkey@hunter.cuny.edu Office Hours: 12:30-2:30
1718A HW

Course Description

This courses aim is to examine overarching reasons as to why different states have different
foreign policies. The goal is not to catalog and study the foreign policy of a great many states,
though of course examples will be used, but rather to think about the theoretical reasons why
different states would go about their interactions with other states in different manners. Theories
of state behavior will be drawn from many overarching international relations frameworks
including but not necessarily limited to realism, liberalism, and constructivism. The class itself
will be a mixture of lecture and discussion.

Course Requirements

Students will be expected to complete all the readings and to attend classes. The class format
will be a mix of that of a seminar and lecture format. Class discussion of the readings will be a
major component of the method of instruction. Students must complete the readings for each
class prior to class. The graded assignments are a research paper, two article summaries, a
presentation of one of those summaries, and a final exam. The paper consists of three elements:
a proposal; a literature review; and a completed version. Late assignments will be docked at
least a full letter grade (e.g., from a B to a C) and assignments that are more than a day late
may be subject to additional penalties. No late assignments will be accepted after the final.
No extra credit will be given. College requirements mandate that Credit / No Credit forms must
be signed before the final is handed out and that students have completed all graded assignments
to receive credit. The overall grade will be broken down as follow:

Two Article Summaries 10% each (20% total)

Article Presentation 10%
Research Paper 45% total
- Paper proposal 5%
- Draft of Literature Review 15%
- Completed Paper 25%
Final Exam 25%

Learning Goals

Students will be expected to read on average roughly 90 pages a week of scholarly texts and
comprehend various potential causes of differences in states foreign policies including power
differentials, societal culture and religion, regime type, history, institutional culture, and
individuals. Students should understand how the concepts covered relate to each other and
determine which are most compelling given the internal logic of those theories and the available

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evidence. Students will also be expected to understand statistical evidence and theories
supported by case studies. Though they will not be expected to replicate statistical methods or
fully understand the underlying mathematics, they will be expected to learn how to use stand
alone and comparative case studies to support a theoretical argument. Students will also be able
to critique of scholarly articles in writing and present these critiques orally.

In a substantial research paper students will generate appropriate research hypothesis about the
causes of a recent foreign policy decision by a country of their choosing. Their argument will be
based on the theoretical material covered. In exploring their hypothesis, students will be
required to make a causal argument about the origins of the policy, situate that argument in the
scholarly literature, and locate sufficient evidence to test that hypothesis. Students will be
expected to use only appropriate scholarly sources and to cite those sources correctly.

Hunter College Policy on Academic Integrity

Hunter College regards acts of academic dishonesty (e.g., plagiarism, cheating on examinations,
obtaining unfair advantage, and falsification of records and official documents) as serious offenses
against the values of intellectual honesty. The College is committed to enforcing the CUNY Policy
on Academic Integrity and will pursue cases of academic dishonesty according to the Hunter College
Academic Integrity Procedures.

ADA Policy

In compliance with the American Disability Act of 1990 (ADA) and with Section 504 of the
Rehabilitation Act of 1973, Hunter College is committed to ensuring educational parity and
accommodations for all students with documented disabilities and/or medical conditions. It is
recommended that all students with documented disabilities (Emotional, Medical, Physical, and/or
Learning) consult the Office of AccessABILITY, located in Room E1214B, to secure necessary
academic accommodations. For further information and assistance, please call: (212) 772- 4857 or
(212) 650-3230.

Course Materials:

There are no books to purchase. All readings are available on Blackboard.

Course Schedule:

Introduction

M Jan 30: Lecture

Introduction and Why Study Comparative Foreign Policy

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Th Feb 2: Discussion
Why Would Different States Have Different Foreign Policies?
- James Rosenau. 1968. Comparative Foreign Policy: Fad, Fantasy or Field?,
International Studies Quarterly 12: 296329.
- Valerie M. Hudson. 2005. Foreign Policy Analysis: Actor-Specific Theory and the
Ground of International Relations, Foreign Policy Analysis 1(1) 130.

Are there Realist Theories of Foreign Policy?

M Feb 6: Lecture Paper Assignment Handed Out

Realist Theories of Foreign Policy (I)
- Michael Mastanduno, David Lake, and John Ikenberry. 1989. Toward a Realist
Theory of State Action, International Studies Quarterly 33: 45774.
- Gideon Rose. 1998. Neoclassical Realism and Theories of Foreign Policy, World
Politics 51(1): 14472.

Th Feb 9: Discussion
Realist Theories of Foreign Policy (II)
- Brian C. Schmidt and Michael C. Williams. 2008. The Bush Doctrine and the Iraq
War, Security Studies 17(2): 191220.
- Randall Schweller. 1994. Bandwagoning for Profit: Bringing the Revisionist State
Back In, International Security 19(1): 72107.

Changes in and Levels of Power

W Feb 15: Lecture Paper Proposal Due

Rising Powers vs. Declining Powers (I)
- Charles F. Doran. 2005. Explaining Ascendancy and Decline: The Power Cycle
Perspective International Journal 60(3): 685701.
- Richard Ned Lebow and Benjamin Valentino. 2009. Lost in Transition: A Critical
Analysis of Power Transition Theory, International Relations 23(3): 389410.

Th Feb 16: Discussion

Rising Powers vs. Declining Powers (II)
- Michael Glosny. 2010. China and the BRICs: A Real (but Limited) Partnership in a
Unipolar World, Polity 42(1): 10029.
- Andres Malamud. 2011. A Leader Without Followers? Growing Divergence
Between the Regional and Global Performance of Brazilian Foreign Policy, Latin
American Politics and Society 53(3): 124.

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Th Feb 23: Lecture
Middle Powers and Regional Powers
- Detlef Nolte. 2010. How to Compare Regional Powers: Analytical Concepts and
Research Topics, Review of International Studies 36(4): 881901.
- David Hundt. 2011. Middle Powers and the Building of Region Order: Australia and
South Korea Compared, Korea Observer 42(1): 6994.

M Feb 27: Discussion

Middle PowersThe Case of Canada
- Paul Gecelovsky. 2009. Constructing a Middle Power: Ideas and Canadian Foreign
Policy, Canadian Foreign Policy/La Politique etrangere du Canada 15(1): 7793.
- Robert W. Murray and John McCoy. 2010. From Middle Powers to Peacebuilder:
The Use of the Canadian Forces in Modern Canadian Foreign Policy, The American
Review of Canadian Studies 40(2): 17188.

Th Mar 2: Lecture
Small Powers (I)
- Annette Baker Fox. 1959. The Power of Small States: Diplomacy in World War II.
Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Chapters One and Seven: 19 and 18088.
- Giorgi Gvalia, David Siroky, Bidzina Lebandidze, Zurab Iashvili. 2013. Thinking
Outside the Bloc: Explaining the Foreign Policies of Small States, Security Studies
22(1): 98131.

M Mar 6: Discussion
Small Powers (II)
- Miriam Fendius Elman. 1995. The Foreign Policies of Small States: Challenging
Neorealism in Its Own Backyard British Journal of Political Science 25(2): 171
217. Skim the case study
- Anders Wivel and Kajsa Ji Noe Oest. 2010. Security, Profit, or Shadow of the Past?
Explaining the Security Strategies of Microstates, Cambridge Review of
International Affairs 23(3): 42953.

History and State Building

Th Mar 9: Lecture and Discussion

Reputation
- Mark Crescenzi, Jacob Kathman, and Stephen Long. 2007. Reputation, History, and
War, Journal of Peace Research 44(6): 65167.
- Barbara Walter. 2006. Building Reputation: Why Governments Fight Some
Separatists but Not Others, American Journal of Political Science 50(2): 31330.

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M Mar 13: Lecture
Habit versus Learning
- Ted Hopf. 2010. The Logic of Habit in International Relations, European Journal
of International Relations 16(4): 53961.
- Lars-Erik Cederman. 2001. Back to Kant: Reinterpreting the Democratic Peace as a
Macrohistorical Learning Process, American Political Science Review 95(1): 1531.

Th Mar 16: Discussion

Rivalry and State Building
- David Dreyer. 2010. Issue Conflict Accumulation and the Dynamics of Strategic
Rivalry, International Studies Quarterly 54(3): 77995.
- Cameron G. Theis. 2005. War, Rivalry, and State Building in Latin America,
American Journal of Political Science 49(3): 45165.

M Mar 20: Lecture

State Building and Development
- Brian D. Taylor and Roxana Botea. 2008. Tilly Tally: War-Making and State-
Making in the Contemporary Third World, International Studies Review 10(1): 27
56.
- Douglas Lemke. 2003. Development and War International Studies Review 5(4):
5563.

Ideas and Identity

Th Mar 23: Discussion

Ideology and Strategic & Political Culture
- K. P. OReilly. 2013. A Rogue Doctrine? The Role of Strategic Culture on US
Foreign Policy Behavior, Foreign Policy Analysis 9(1): 5778.
- Mark L. Haas. 2014. Ideological Polarity and Balancing in Great Power Politics,
Security Studies 23(4): 71553.

M Mar 27: Lecture Literature Review Due

National Roles
- Cameron G. Theis. 2014. Role Theory and Foreign Policy Analysis in Latin
America, Foreign Policy Analysis (early view not in an issue yet).
- Cristian Cantir and Juliet Kaarbo. 2012. Contested Roles and Domestic Politics:
Reflections on Role Theory in Foreign Policy Analysis and IR Theory, Foreign
Policy Analysis 8(1): 524.

Th Mar 30: Discussion

Identity and Images
- Ole Holsti. 1962. The Belief System and National Images, Journal of Conflict
Resolution 6: 24452.
- Jeff Spinner-Halev and Elizabeth Theiss-Morse. 2003. National Identity and Self-
Esteem Perspectives on Politics 1(3): 51532.

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M Apr 3: Lecture
Religion (I)
- Friedrich Kratochwil. 2005. Religion and (Inter-)National Politics: On the Heuristics
of Identities, Structures, and Agents, Alternatives 30(2): 11340.
- Jeffrey Haynes. 2008. Religion and Foreign Policy Making in the USA, India and
Iran: towards a research agenda, Third World Quarterly 29(1): 14365.

Th Apr 6: Discussion
Religion (II)
- Isak Svensson. 2007. Fighting with Faith: Religion and Conflict Resolution in Civil
Wars, Journal of Conflict Resolution 51(6): 93049.
- Erin K. Wilson. 2014. Theorizing Religion as Politics in Postsecular International
Relations, Politics, Religion & Ideology 15(3): 34765.

Th Ap 20: Lecture and Discussion

Role of Ethnic Diasporas
- Yossi Shain and Aharon Barth. 2003. Diasporas and International Relations
Theory, International Organization 57(3): 44979.
- Charles King and Neil J. Melvin. 2000. Diaspora Politics: Ethnic Linkages, Foreign
Policy, and Security in Eurasia, International Security 24(3): 108-38.

Regime Type and Governmental Institutions

M Apr 24: Lecture

Democratic Peace
- John Oneal, Bruce Russett, and Michael Berbaum. 2003. Causes of Peace:
Democracy, Interdependence, and International Organizations, 18851992,
International Studies Quarterly 47(3): 37193.
- David Lektzian and Mark Souva. 2009. A Comparative Test of Democratic Peace
Arguments, 1946-2000, Journal of Peace Research 46(1): 1738.

Th Apr 27: Discussion

Democratic Peace: Criticism
- Erik Gartzke and Alex Weisiger. 2013. Fading Friendships: Alliances, Affinities,
and the Activation of International Identities, British Journal of Political Science
43(1): 2552.
- Patrick J. McDonald. 2015. Great Powers, Hierarchy, and Endogenous Regimes:
Rethinking the Domestic Causes of Peace, International Organization 69(3): 557
89.

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M May 1: Lecture and Discussion
Other Effects of Democracy
- Michael Colaresi. 2012. A Boom with Review: How Retrospective Oversight
Increases the Foreign Policy Ability of Democracies, American Journal of Political
Science 56(3): 67189.
- Douglas M. Gibler and Steven V. Miller. 2012. Quick Victories? Territory,
Democracies, and Their Disputes, Journal of Conflict Resolution 57(2): 25884.

Th May 4: Lecture
Regime Accountability, Risk Acceptance, and Trust
- Brian C. Rathbun. 2011. The Magnificent Fraud: Trust, International Cooperation,
and the Hidden Domestic Politics of American Multilateralism after World War II,
International Studies Quarterly 55: 121.
- Sarah Croco. 2011. The Deciders Dilemma: Leader Culpability, War Outcomes,
and Domestic Punishment, American Political Science Review 105(3): 45777.

M May 8: Discussion
Autocracies
- James Raymond Vreeland. 2008. Political Institutions and Human Rights: Why
Dictatorships Enter into the United Nations Convention Against Torture,
International Organization 62(1): 65101.
- Jeff. D. Colgan and Jessica L. P. Weeks. 2015. Revolution, Personalist
Dictatorships, and International Conflict, International Organization 69(1): 16394.

Th May 11: Lecture

Institutional Culture
- Jack Snyder, 1984. Civil-Military Relations and the Cult of the Offensive, 1914 and
1984, International Security 9(1), 10846.
- Michael Horowitz, Rose McDermott, and Allan Stam. 2005. Leader Age, Regime
Type, and Violent International Relations, Journal of Conflict Resolution 49(5):
66185.

M May 15: Discussion

Individuals
- Todd Sechser, 2004. Are Soldiers Less War Prone than Statesmen? Journal of
Conflict Resolution 48(5): 74674.
- Michael Horowitz and Allan Stam. 2014. How Prior Military Experience Influences
The Future Militarized Behavior of Leaders, International Organization 68:3 (June
2014), 52759.

Th May 18: Review Final Paper Due

Is Comparative Foreign Policy a Useful Enterprise?
- Jean A. Garrison, et al. 2003. Foreign Policy Analysis in 20/20: A Symposium,
International Studies Review 5(2): 155202.

Final Exam During Exam Week