TX FM Long Range

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The power output of most of these circuits are very low because no power amplifier

stages were incorporated.


The transmitter circuit described here has an extra RF power amplifier stage, after the
oscillator stage, to raise the power output to 200-250 milliwatts. With a good matching
50-ohm ground plane antenna or multi-element Yagi antenna, this transmitter can
provide reasonably good signal strength up to a distance of about 2 kilometres.
The circuit built around transistor T1 (BF494) is a basic low-power variable-frequency
VHF oscillator. A varicap diode circuit is included to change the frequency of the
transmitter and to provide frequency modulation by audio signals. The output of the
oscillator is about 50 milliwatts. Transistor T2 (2N3866) forms a VHF-class A power
amplifier. It boosts the oscillator signals? power four to five times. Thus, 200-250
milliwatts of power is generated at the collector of transistor T2.
For better results, assemble the circuit on a good-quality glass epoxy board and house
the transmitter inside an aluminium case. Shield the oscillator stage using an aluminium
sheet.
Coil winding details are given below:
L1 4 turns of 20 SWG wire close wound over 8mm diameter plastic former.
L2 2 turns of 24 SWG wire near top end of L1.
(Note: No core (i.e. air core) is used for the above coils)
L3 7 turns of 24 SWG wire close wound with 4mm diameter air core.
L4 7 turns of 24 SWG wire-wound on a ferrite bead (as choke)
Potentiometer VR1 is used to vary the fundamental frequency whereas potentiometer
VR2 is used as power control. For hum-free operation, operate the transmitter on a 12V
rechargeable battery pack of 10 x 1.2-volt Ni-Cd cells. Transistor T2 must be mounted
on a heat sink. Do not switch on the transmitter without a matching antenna. Adjust both
trimmers (VC1 and VC2) for maximum transmission power. Adjust potentiometer VR1
to set the fundamental frequency near 100 MHz.
This transmitter should only be used for educational purposes. Regular transmission
using such a transmitter without a licence is illegal in India

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