nae Present perfect and past 2 138 (1 have done and | did) MEY wor use ne present perfect (I have done) when you talk about a finished time (for example, yesterday / ten minutes ago / in 1999 / when I was a child). Use a past tense: © Te was very cold yesterday. (mot has been) © Paul and Lucy arrived ten minutes ago. (not have arrived) 1 Did you eat a lot of sweets when you were a child? (not have you eaten) © I got home late last night. I was very tired and went straight to bed. Use the past to ask When ... ? or What time © When did your friends arrive? (not have .. arrived) © What time did you finish work? Compare: Present perfect 15 Tom has lost his key. He can’t get into the house. © Is Carla here or has she left? Present perfect (have done) 5 P’ve done a lot of work today. We use the present perfect for a period of time that continues until now. For example: today / this week / since 1985. Past simple © Tom lost his key yesterday. He couldn't get into the house. © When did Carla leave? Past simple (did) © I did a lor of work yesterday. ‘We use the past simple for a finished time in the past. For example: yesterday / last week / from 1995 to 2001 | rHunfinisbed, finished 5 f | joday yesterday past mote past now © Ie hasn't rained this week. © Have you seen Anna this morning? {it is still morning) © Have you seen Tim recently? © Idon’t know where Lisa is. | haven't seen her. (= I haven't seen her recently) 1 We've been waiting for an hour. (we are still waiting now) © Ian lives in London. He has lived there for seven years. 5 Thave never played golf. (in my life) It's the last day of your holiday. You say: It’s been a really good holiday. Pve really enjoyed it. © Ir didn’t rain last week. © Did you see Anna this morning? (it is now afternoon or evening) you see Tim on Sunday? Was Lisa at the party on Sunday? I don't think so. I didn’t see her. © We waited (or were waiting) for an hour. (we are no longer waiting) © Ian lived in Scotland for ten years. Now he lives in London. © I didn’t play golf last summer. © After you come back from holiday you say: It was a really good holiday. 1 really enjoyed it. 28 Past simple — Unit 5 Present perfect -> Units 7-8 Present perfect and past 1 — Unit 13Exercises Unit 14 14.1 14.2 143 14.4 Are the underlined parts of these sentences right or wrong? Correct them where necessary. Eve lost my key: can’t find it anywhere. OK. secs Have you eaten a lot of sweets when you were a child? ..Did.. you. eat, [ve bought a new car. You must come and see it. L've bought a new car last week. eae i ‘Where have you been yesterday evening? a a Lucy has left school in 1999. es sea I'm looking for Mike. Have you seen him? - - gs mite rae 8 ‘Have you been to Paris?” “Yes, many times.” sn 9. I'm very hungry. Lhaven’t eaten much today. si z zi " 10 When has this book been published? a Make sentences from the words in brackets. Use the present perfect or past simple. (it/ not / rain / this week) [hasn't rained. this week 1 2 (the weather / be / cold / recently) The weather 3 (it cold / Last Week) We cennnennonnn . — a 4 (I/ not / read /a newspaper yesterday) 1 en a 5 (I/ mot / read / a newspaper today) = 7 = 6 (Emily / earn / a lot of money / this year) 7 = 7 (she / not / earn / so much / last year} 8 (you / have /a holiday recently?) Put the verb into the correct form, present perfect or past simple. I don’t know where Lisa is. ...HA¥e. you..s¢en... (you / see) her? When I (get) home last night, T ...-.- om (be) very tired and Poe (go) straight to bed. (you / finish) painting the bedroom? Be : Not yet PH finish it tomorrow. 4 George (not / be) very well last week. 5 Mr Clark (work) in a bank for 15 years. Then he gave it up. 6 Molly lives in Dublin, She ... (live) there all her life. Ta (you / go) to the cinema last night? Yes, but it (be) a mistake. The film ... (be) awful. 8 My grandfather .... ovwnmnne (die} before L was born, L a (never / meet) him. 9 I don’t know Carol's husband. I (never / meet) him. is Martin here? 6: No, he pati (go) out. a: When exactly (he / go) out? B: About ten minutes ago. 11 4: Where do you live? 8: In Boston, a: How long (you / live) there? ts Five years a: Where .... (you / live) before that? 8: In Chicago. And how long (you / live) in Chicago? 8; Two years. Write sentences about yourself using the ideas in brackets. haven't eaten any. fruit today... se (something you haven't done today) (something you haven't done today) (something you didn’t do yesterday) (something you did yesterday evening) ' . sone (something you haven't done recently) (something you've done a lot recently) . hy a aI — Additional exercises 2-4 (pages 303-04), 14-15 (pages 310-11) 29Key to Exercises 338 3. He's won the national championships four times. / He has won .. He's been playing tennis since he was ten. / He has been playing .. 4 They've made five films since they left college. / They have made ‘They've been making films since they lef college. / They hhave been making . 10.2 2 Have you been waiting long? 3 Have you caught any fish? 4 How many people have you invited? 5 How long have you been teaching? 6 How many books have you written? How long have you been writing books? 7 How long have you been saving? How much money have you saved? 103 2. Somebody's broken / ‘Somebody has broken Have you been working, Have you ever worked hhas she gone [He's appeared / He has appeared Thaven't been waiting it's stopped / it has stopped I've lost / have lost ... Have you seen 10 I've been reading / I have been reading ... | haven't finished 11 Pve read / have read ane UNIT 11 wt 3 have been married raining, 6 have you been living 7 has been working 8 OK 9 Thaven't drunk (0 have you had M2 2. How long have you been teaching English? / How long, hhave you taught 3. How long have you known Caroline? 4 How long has your brother been in Australia? 3 4 2 13 14 How long have you had thar jacker? How long has Joe been working at the airport? / How long, has Joe worked How long have you been learning to drive? cays lived in *s been / has been “ye been waiting / have been waiting “ve known J have known haven't played °s been watching / has been watching haven't watched ve had J have had hasn't been ve been feeling / have been feeling or "ve felt/ have felt “slived /has lived or 's been living / has been living haven't been “ve always wanted / have always wanted UNIT 12 12.1 2 since 3 4 $ 6 7 8 9 for for for since for 12.2 2 3 How long has Kate been learning Japanese? When did Kate start learning Japanese? How long have you known Simon? When did you first meet Simon? / When did you and Simon first meet? How long have Rebecca and David been married? ‘When did Rebecca and David ‘get married? / When did Rebecca and David marry? 12.3 3 4 5 6 7 8 He has been ill since Sunday. He has been ill for a few days. She got married a year ago. I've had a headache since | woke up. She went to Italy three weeks ago. T've been working in a hotel for six months. /I've worked in hotel for six months. 12.4 2. No, I haven't seen Sarah/her for about a month, 3. No, [haven't been to the cinema for a long time. 4 No, Thaven't eaten ina restaurant for ages. / No, | haven't been to a restaurant for ages, 6 No, its about a month since 1 (last) saw Sarahfher. / No, it’s been about a month since ... 7 No, it’ a long time since I (last) went to the cinema. / No, it's been a long time since .. 8 No, it’s ages since I (last) ate in a restaurant. / No, it's been ages since... or... since I Went to a restaurant. UNIT 13 13.4 2 has gone 3 forgor 4 went Shad 6 has broken 13.2 3 "ve forgotten / have forgotten 4 arrested S's improved / has improved 6 "ve finished / have finished 7 applied 8 was 9 *sbeen / has been 10 broke or ’s broken / has broken ... did (that) happen - fell Shakespeare write OK 4 5 OK 6 The Chinese invented 7 were you born 8 OK 9 Albert Einstein was ... who developed UNIT 14 141 3 OK L bought Where were you Lucy left schoo! OK OK OK When was this book published? 142 2. The weather has been cold recently. 3 Ie was cold last week,4 I didn’t read a newspaper yesterday. : 5 Thaven’t read a newspaper today 6 Emily has earned a lot of money this year. She didn’t earn so much last 8. Have you had a holiday recently? 143 2 gor... Was ... went 3 Have you finished or Did you finish 4 wasn't / was not 5 worked 6 ‘slived / has lived 7 Did you go ... was .. was 8 died... never met 9 ve never met / have never met 10 ‘sgone/has gone or went sn did he go 11 have you lived / have you been living ... did you live .. did you live 144 Example answers: 2 Thaven’t bought anything today. 3 [didn’t watch TV yesterday. 4 T went out with some friends yesterday evening, 5 Thaven't been to the cinema recently. 6 Te read a lot of books recently. UNIT 15 15.1 chad changed a lor. She'd arranged to do something else. / She had arranged ... The film had already begun. hadn't seen him for five years. ‘She'd just had breakfast. / She hhad just had .. 15.2 2 Td never seen her before. /1 hhad never seen .. 3. He'd never played (tennis) before. / He had never played 4 We'd never been there before. 1 We had never been 15.3 «alle the police there was... had gone He'd just come back from / He had just come back from He looked 4 got a phone call “d sent her / had sent her “d never replied to them f had never replied to them 15.4 2 went 3 had gone 4 broke 5. saw ... had broken ... stopped UNIT 16 16.1 2 They'd been playing football. / They had been playing 3 I'd been looking forward to it. Thad been looking forward 4 She'd been dreaming. / She had been dreaming He'd been watching a film. / He had been watching ... 16.2 2 T'd been waiting for 20 minutes when I (suddenly) realised that I was in the wrong restaurant. OF sw that [had come to the wrong 3 Atthe time the factory closed down, Sarah had been working there for five years. 4 The orchestra had been playing for about ten minutes when a man in the audience started shouting, Example answer: I'd been walking along the road for about ten minutes when a car suddenly stopped just behind me. 16.3 3. was walking 4 ‘d been running / had been running 5 were eating 6 ‘d been eating / had been eating 7 was looking 8 was waiting ..“d been waiting / had been waiting 9 ‘had / had had 10 “d been travelling / had been travelling UNIT 17 Ws 3. Thaven’t got a ladder. /1 don’t hhave a ladder. 4 We didn't have enough time. 5. He didn’t have a map. 6 She hasn't got any money. / Key to Exercises ‘She doesn’t have any money. 7 Thaven't got enoogh energy. / I don’t have enough energy. 8 They didn’t have a camer 172 2. Have you gor / Do you have 3. Did you have 4. Have you gor / Do you have 5 Have you got / Do you have 6 did you have 7 Did you have 173 Example answers: 2 Thaven’t got a bike (now). Thad a bike (ten years ago). 3. Ive got a mobile phone (now. Tddidn’e have a mobile phone (ven years ago). 4 Thaven't got a dog (now). I didn’t have a dog (ten years ago). 5 I've gor a guitar (now). Thad a guitar (ten years ago). 6 Thaven’t got long, hair (now). 1 didn’t have long hair (ten years ago). 7 T've gor a driving licence (now). I didn’t have a driving licence {ten years ago). 174 has a break had a party have a look "shaving /is having a nice time had a chat Did you have difficulty had a baby was having a shower Did you have a good flight? UNIT 18 18.1 2 used to havelride 3 used to live 4 used to eatfike/love S used to be 6 used to take 7 used t0 be 8 did you use to go 18.2 $6 He used to go to bed early. He didn’c use to go out in the evening. He used to run three miles every morning. He didn’t use to spend much money. /... a lot of money. 339