Russia Russian Federation: Rossija Rossiyskaya Federatsiya

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Russia ( Russian: , tr.

Rossija; IPA: [rsij]), also officially known as the


Russian Federation[12] (Russian: , tr. Rossiyskaya
Federatsiya; IPA: [rsijskj fdratsj]), is a country in Eurasia.[13] At
17,125,200 square kilometres (6,612,100 sq mi),[14] Russia is the largest country
in the world by surface area, covering more than one-eighth of the Earth's
inhabited land area,[15][16][17] and the ninth most populous, with over 144 million
people at the end of March 2016.[18][7] The European western part of the country
is much more populated and urbanised than the eastern; about 77% of the
population live in European Russia. Russia's capital Moscow is one of the
largest cities in the world; other major urban centers include Saint Petersburg,
Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg, Chelyabinsk, Nizhny Novgorod, Ufa and Kazan.
Extending across the entirety of Northern Asia and much of Eastern Europe,
Russia spans eleven time zones and incorporates a wide range of
environments and landforms. From northwest to southeast, Russia shares land
borders with Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland (both with
Kaliningrad Oblast), Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, China,
Mongolia and North Korea. It shares maritime borders with Japan by the Sea of
Okhotsk and the U.S. state of Alaska across the Bering Strait.
The East Slavs emerged as a recognizable group in Europe between the 3rd
and 8th centuries AD.[19] Founded and ruled by a Varangian warrior elite and
their descendants, the medieval state of Rus arose in the 9th century. In 988 it
adopted Orthodox Christianity from the Byzantine Empire,[20] beginning the
synthesis of Byzantine and Slavic cultures that defined Russian culture for the
next millennium.[20] Rus' ultimately disintegrated into a number of smaller states;
most of the Rus' lands were overrun by the Mongol invasion and became
tributaries of the nomadic Golden Horde in the 13th century.[21] The Grand
Duchy of Moscow gradually reunified the surrounding Russian principalities,
achieved independence from the Golden Horde, and came to dominate the
cultural and political legacy of Kievan Rus'. By the 18th century, the nation had
greatly expanded through conquest, annexation, and exploration to become the
Russian Empire, which was the third largest empire in history, stretching from
Poland on the west to Alaska on the east.[22][23]

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