Multi Layer Ceramic Capacitor

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Multi Layer Ceramic Capacitor (MLCC)

Capacitors are devices that store energy in the form of an electric field. They can also be used
to filter signals of different frequencies. The capacitance value is an indicator of how much
electrical charge the capacitor can hold

A multilayer ceramic (MLC) capacitor is a monolithic block of ceramic containing two sets of
offset, interleaved planar electrodes that extend to two opposite surfaces of the ceramic
dielectric. This deceivingly simple structure requires a considerable amount of sophistication,
both in material and in manufacture, to produce it in the quantities used in todays electronic
equipment.

Functions

Ceramic capacitors can be used anywhere a capacitor having very low internal parasitic
inductance is required. Most commonly they are used as power supply bypass capacitors.
They are also sometimes used for coupling capacitors for HF signal amplifiers.
Ceramic capacitors can also be used as a general purpose capacitor, since they are not
polarized and are available in a large variety of capacitances, voltage ratings and sizes.
MLCC is used in modern electronic circuits. It is an indispensable passive component for
manufacturing miniaturized electronic circuits.

Commonly, MLCC are used in electrolytic capacitor to enhance system performance.

Requirements

There are several essential points in the composition designing of multi layer ceramic
capacitor

1. Control of the molecular ratio (Ba + Ca)O/(TiZr)O2 larger than unity


2. Incorporation of Ca ions into Ti lattice site (B site) of BaTiO3
3. Doping acceptor as Mn ions. Mg ions have the same effect as Ca ions

Other than that, MLCC requirements include :

1. Precision and tolerances


There are two classes of ceramic capacitors available today: class 1 and class 2. Class 1
ceramic capacitors are used where high stability and low losses are required. They are very
accurate and the capacitance value is stable in regard to applied voltage, temperature and
frequency. The NP0 series of capacitors has a capacitance thermal stability of 0.54% within
the total temperature range of -55 to +125 C. Tolerances of the nominal capacitance value
can be as low as 1%.

Class 2 capacitors have a high capacitance per volume and are used for less sensitive
applications. Their thermal stability is typically 15% in the operating temperature range, and
the nominal value tolerances are around 20%.

2. Size advantages
When high component packing densities are required, as is the case in most modern printed
circuit boards (PCBs), MLCC devices offer a great advantage compared to other capacitors.
To illustrate this point, the 0402 multi-layer ceramic capacitor package measures just 0.4
mm x 0.2 mm. In such a package, there are 500 or more ceramic and metal layers. The
minimum ceramic thickness as of 2010 is on the order of 0.5 microns.

3. High voltage and high power


Physically larger ceramic capacitors can be made to withstand much higher voltages and these
are called power ceramic capacitors. These are physically much larger than those used on
PCBs and have specialized terminals for safe connection to a high voltage supply. Power
ceramic capacitors can be made to withstand voltages in the range of 2kV up to 100 kV, with
a power specified at much higher than 200 volt-amperes. use a thicker part to reduce applied
voltage stress and physical distortion in order to obtain a high voltage and high power.

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