Filing of F.I.R Assignment: Amit Grover A3221515130 Bba LL.B (H) Section B 2015-20

FILING OF F.I.
R
ASSIGNMENT
AMIT GROVER
A3221515130
BBA LL.B (H)
Section B
2015-20
A First Information Report (FIR) is a written document prepared by police organizations
in India, and Pakistan when they receive information about the commission of a cognisable
offence. It is generally a complaint lodged with the police by the victim of a cognizable
offense or by someone on his or her behalf, but anyone can make such a report either orally
or in writing to the police.
FIR is an important document because it sets the process of criminal justice in motion. It is
only after the FIR is registered in the police station that the police take up investigation of the
case. Anyone who knows about the commission of a cognizable offence, including police
officers, can file an FIR.
Who can lodge an F.I.R ?
Complainant who is an aggrieved person or some body on his behalf.

By any person who is aware of the offence (a) as an eye witness and (b) as an hearsay
account.
Provided the person in possession of the hearsay is required to subscribe his signautre
to it and mention the source of his information so that it does not amount to
irresponsible rumour. The rule of law is, if general law is broken any person has a
right to complain whether he has suffered an injury or not.
(a) By the accused himself.
(b) By the SHO on his own knowledge or information even when a cognizable
offence is committed in view of a officer incharge he can register a case himself and
is not bound to take down in writing any information. Under the order of Magistrate U/S
156 (3) Criminal Procedure code, when a complaint is forwarded to officer incharge
without taking cognizance. If information is only hear say, then SHO should register
case only if person in possession of hearsay subscribes his signature to it and mentions
the source of his information so that it does not amount to irresponsible rumour. The
information must be definite, not vague, authentic, not baseless, gossip or rumour,
clearly making out a cognizable case.
The information is only by a medical certificate or doctor's ruqqa about arrival of the
injured, then he (SHO) should enter it in daily diary and go to hospital for recording
detailed statement of injured.
F.I.R on telephone or by telegram
Legally a case may not be registered as...
as there is always a doubt about its authenticity
as it does not satisfy the tests of Section 154 Criminal Procedure Code being not an
oral statement reduced into writing; read over, admitted correct and signed by the
informer. Message to the police on telephone that an injured person was lying amount
to FIR (Sukharam Vs. State of Maharashtra (1969) 3 SCC, 730.
On receipt of telegram in railways case may be registered. Normally enquiry should be made
and on receipt of an original telegram which contains the thumb impression or signatures,
case may be registered.
Officer incharge should begin to write FIR in the First Information Report Register at the
dictation of the informer. According to para 24.5 Punjab Police Rules, the register shall be a
printed book consisting of 200 pages and shall be completely filled in before a new one is
started. Cases shall bear annual serial number in such Police Station for each calendar year.
Every four pages of the register shall be numbered with the same number and shall be written
at the same time by carbon copying process. The original copy shall be a permanent record of
Police Station. The other three copies shall be submitted to (a) Superintendent of Police or
Deputy Commisioner of Police or other Gazetted Officer nominated by him (b) to the
Metropolitan Magistrate empowered to take cognizance of the offence as is required by Sec.
157 Criminal Procedure Code. (c) one to the complainant. The seal of the Police Station shall
be put on every copy and original.
If an informer refuses to sign the F. I. R. he is guilty of offence u / s 1 80 Indian Penal Code

which is as follows..-
'Whoever refuse to sign on any statement made by him, when required to sign that statement
by a public servant, legally competent to require that he shall sign that statement, shall be
punished with simple imprisonment for a term which may extend to three months, or with
fine which may extend to five hundred rupees, or with both".
Delay in lodging F.I.R
The longer the delay, the stronger the suspicion. That the case is false wholly or in material
particulars, so the delay should satisfactorily be explained.
Care should always be taken that the names of witnesses are mentioned in F.I.R. if the
names of P.Ws do not appear in it and they are examined later on, the presumption is
that they were not present at the spot and have been procured later on.
Care should be taken that all the material facts are mentioned in FIR(as much
available at that time).
Names of the accused persons should occur in F.I,R. and their parts also. (If
information is available at that time).
It is not necessary to put up or cite all the P.Ws. in court.
Lodging of F.I.R by accused person himself
Sometimes it so happens that accused after commission of crime goes to Police Station and
lodges an F.I.R, the procedural legal provision as well as the Indian Evidence Act are
mentioned as under:-.
Sec.162 Criminal Procedure Code. does not hit such F.I.R.
Sec.25 Indian Evidence Act, is applicable if the statement is in the nature of

confession but is relevant u/s 21 of the Indian Evidence Act..
Sec.25 of the Indian Evidence Act "No confession made to a Police Officer shall be
proved as against a person accused of any offence may it be before or after
investigation."
If the information is non-confessional, it is admissible against the accused as an
admission U/S 18/21 of the Indian Evidence Act and is relevant.
For corroborating the statement of the maker under section 157 of the Indian
Evidence Act.
For contradiction of the evidence of person giving the information U/S 145 of the
Indian Evidence Act.
For refreshing informers memory U/S 159 of the Indian Evidence Act.
For impeaching the credit o f an informer U/S 155 of the Indian Evidence Act.
For proving the informers conduct U/S 8 of the Indian Evidence Act.
U/S 32(1) of Indian Evidence Act (Dying declaration)
U/S 6 Evidence Act when the injuries are being caused in the presence of SHO in a
Police Station.
U/S 160 Evidence Act when the informer fails to recall his memory the facts, but he is
sure the facts were correctly reported in the FIR at the time he wrote, read it.
FIR is a public document prepared U/S 154 Criminal Procedure Code and a certified
copy of it can be given in evidence U/S 77 of Indian Evidence Act.
The FIR by an accused person cannot be treated as an evidence against any co-
accused, as it was lodged by the accused and not by a witness.
But if information is received that injured had been shot and had been removed to
Hospital, it is sufficient for registration of case.
As such every case depends upon its own circumstances and the police officer should
exercise his own judgement and diligence to test the information if it is clear, definite
and based upon tangible facts to disclose commission of cognizable or suspicion of
commission of a cognizable offence.
F.I.R. IN CORRUPTION CASES
In cases of corruption, not registered on traps laid, but on complaints, always a suitable
preliminary enquiry into the allegation, is required. Such preliminary enquiries are relevant
before the registration of case and are permissible under law. But as soon as it became clear
to enquiring officer that the public servant appeared to be guilty of severe misconduct, it was
his duty to lodge F.I.R. and proceed further in the investigation.
F.I.R. IN MURDER CASES
In murder cases, following types of F.I.R.'s are recorded by police.
When it contains direct evidence of murder on the basis of ocular evidence.

When the Police registers the case minimizing the offence from murder to 307 or u/s
364 IPC to avoid its despatch to magistrate which otherwise is essential if case is
really registered for murder. This is invariably in those cases in which the informer is
not sure of the culprits and priliminary enquiry is required by Police to find out the
facts and to show that the case was registered properly.
When a dead body identified or unidentified is recovered, with cause of death which
is clear and the injuries are apparent the neck is cut etc.
When only inquest is held to discover the cause of death and the case is registered
after the report of Medical Officer, or after the receipt of report of chemical examiner
etc with re- gard to poison given to the deceased. Only a report is recorded in Daily
Diary at the first instance.
When the death is under suspicious circumstances and investigation is necessary
which otherwise cannot be done without the registration of case. This is mainly in
cases where dead body is not available, but the circumstances indicate that cognizable
offence has occurred.
Who can write the F.I.R
A FIR is always to be -written by an officer incharge of a Police Station.

(Definition of officer in charge is given in Sec. 2 Criminal Procedure Code).
Police officers superior in rank to officer incharge of a police station may exercise
the same powers through the local area to which they are appointed, as may be
exercised by SHO with in the limits of his Police Station.
Some times it so happens that the information is given by the informer to a police
officer who is out in the illaqa or to an incharge of a local police post. Strictly
speaking the officers are not officers incharge of a police station and such
information lodged with them are not.reports. These officers record the statement
of the informers and send the same on to the SHO of a Police Station for recording
F.I.Rs. These statements are however admissible U/ S. 157 Evidence Act.
Jurisdiction is an essential factor in registering a FIR.
Evidentiary value of F.I.R
FIR being not substantive piece of evidence it can be used in the following ways : - 9
For corroboration purposes. It can not be ignored altogether and can be used to
corroborate the statement of the eyewitnesses.
For contradicting the evidence of person giving the information.
For proving as an admission against the informer.
For refreshing informer's memory.
For impeaching the credit of an informer.
For proving informer's conduct.
For establishing identity of accused, witnesses & for fixing spot time as relevant facts
u/s 9 Evidence Act. Cases : 1968 M.P. 45.
Format of the F.I.R.
Book No. ___________
FORM NO. 24.5 (1)

FIRST INFORMATION REPORT
First Information of a Cognizable Crime Reported under Section 154, Criminal PenalCode
Police Station .................................... District .............................. No ..................
Date and hour of Occurrence .....................
1.Date and hour when reported
2.Name and residence of informer and complainant.
3.Brief description of offence (with section) and of property carried off, if any.
4.Place of occurence and distance and direction from the Police Station.
5.Name & Address of the Criminal.
6.Steps taken regarding investigation explanation of delay in regarding information.
7.Date and Time of despatch from Police Station.
Signature .......................
Designation ................................
(First information to be recorded below)
NOTE:- The signature of seal or thumb impression of the informer should be at the end of the
information and the signature of the Writer of (FIR) should be existed as usual.
The above is the format and below is the law on the basis of which the cognizable crime is
recorded
F.I.R. ON AUTHENTIC INFORMATION

The information given to the Police Officer for registration of a case must be authentic. It
should not be gossip but should be traced to an individual who should be responsible for
imparting information. It may be hearsay but the person in possession of hearsay should
mention the source of information and take responsibility for it. An irresponsible rumour
should not result in registration of F.I.R.

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FILING OF F.I.

Who can lodge an F.I.R ?

Complainant who is an aggrieved person or some body on his behalf.

Legally a case may not be registered as...

as there is always a doubt about its authenticity

If an informer refuses to sign the F. I. R. he is guilty of offence u / s 1 80 Indian Penal Code

Delay in lodging F.I.R

It is not necessary to put up or cite all the P.Ws. in court.

Lodging of F.I.R by accused person himself

Sec.162 Criminal Procedure Code. does not hit such F.I.R.

Sec.25 Indian Evidence Act, is applicable if the statement is in the nature of

F.I.R. IN CORRUPTION CASES

F.I.R. IN MURDER CASES

In murder cases, following types of F.I.R.'s are recorded by police.

When it contains direct evidence of murder on the basis of ocular evidence.

A FIR is always to be -written by an officer incharge of a Police Station.

Evidentiary value of F.I.R

Book No. ___________

FORM NO. 24.5 (1)

Police Station .................................... District .............................. No ..................

Date and hour of Occurrence .....................

1.Date and hour when reported

2.Name and residence of informer and complainant.

5.Name & Address of the Criminal.

6.Steps taken regarding investigation explanation of delay in regarding information.

7.Date and Time of despatch from Police Station.

(First information to be recorded below)

F.I.R. ON AUTHENTIC INFORMATION

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