Teach Yourself Photoshop

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Teach yourself Photoshop
12 EXPERT
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Teach yourself
Photoshop
Inside this issue...
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Covers the latest features of Photoshop CC
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Teach yourself
Photoshop
Look out for this logo
whenever a tutorial has
an accompanying video
The photographic process starts the

moment you press the cameras shutter
release button, but it doesnt end there.
Sometimes the camera makes a mistake,
you compose the picture in a rush or an
unwanted object needs to be cloned out,
and you need the help of an image-
editing program to put things right. The camera also captures
the world in a very literal way, so that the image you see on
your computer screen can look like a rather pale imitation of
what you saw in your minds eye.
This is where you need a really good image-editing
program, and Photoshop is the best there is. It has a
reputation for being difficult, but in fact its a supremely
well-designed application with a clean and simple interface
thats welcoming for beginners but offers experts all the
power they need. Photoshop can fix those annoying flaws
that stand between a good photo and a great one; it can help
you restore the drama, beauty and atmosphere youre trying
to capture, and as well all know it can supercharge
reality to produce images that simply take your breath away,
So weve put together this guide to help you get the very
best from Photoshop CC and your own photography. We
show you how to organise your images using Bridge or
Lightroom, get the best possible quality from your raw files
with Adobe Camera Raw, and unleash the full power of
Photoshops selections, masks and layers tools.
Wed also like to offer you 40% off our accompanying
50-part Teach yourself Photoshop DVD training course. To
claim the discount, simply use the voucher code MFMDVD
at www.myfavouritemagazines.co.uk/photography-dvd
See more details about this offer on page 166.
Rod Lawton, Editor

GET THE FILES HERE: http://bit.ly/typs2016
Teach
Yourself
Photoshop
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4
CHAPTER 1
Organise your images 6
Introducing the Lightroom workspace ..................................... 8
How Lightroom and Photoshop work together .................... 10
Introducing the Bridge workspace............................................12
Import your photos into Bridge..................................................14
Add metadata and keywords to your images.........................16
Organise your images in Bridge................................................20
CHAPTER 2
Raw le processing 22
Introducing the Camera Raw editor.........................................24
Improve contrast and colour in your raw files........................26
Do even more with Camera Raw ..............................................28
Make selective raw adjustments ..............................................30
How to remove atmospheric haze ...........................................34
Create analog effects with the Grain and Vignette tools .....36
Apply lens and perspective corrections .................................38
Select colour space, file format and export options ............40 CHAPTER 7
Photoshop lters 120
CHAPTER 3
Apply editable filter effects.......................................................122
Essential tools 42 Add creative effects to your photos with filters ...................124
Edit images with the Camera Raw filter.................................130
Introducing the Photoshop workspace ..................................44 Improve images with controlled blur .....................................132
Introducing the Photoshop Tools panel ..................................46
Recompose and trim photos with the Crop tool ...................48
Learn to use Image Size and Canvas Size settings ..............52 CHAPTER 8
Harness the power of adjustment layers................................54
Master Levels adjustments........................................................56 Common photo xes 136
Master Curves in Photoshop .....................................................58 Sharpen up your images ..........................................................138
Adjust colours selectively with Hue/Saturation .................. 60 Keep the (high ISO) noise down!.............................................140
Create black and white images from colour photos ............62 Correct distortion with the Adaptive Wide Angle tool........ 142
Control adjustments with layer masks ...................................64 Remove flaws from your photos.............................................146
Explore the healing tools and their capabilities ...................150
CHAPTER 4 Recompose photos with the content-aware tools..............154
Retouch portraits .......................................................................158
Get creative with layers 66 Introducing the Dodge and Burn tools ..................................160
Improve a landscape with dodging and burning.................164
Introducing the Layers panel .....................................................68
Resize and scale layers with the Transform tools .................70
Be creative with Blend modes................................................... 74 CHAPTER 9
Organise your layers efficiently .................................................78
Add special effects using Layer Styles ....................................80 Creative effects 168
Make a panoramic landscape in Photoshop .......................170
CHAPTER 5 Combine raw files into a panorama in Camera Raw .......... 172
Merge HDR exposures in Camera Raw..................................174
Making selections 82 Learn how to use the HDR Toning tools ................................ 176
Create a motoring toy montage.............................................. 178
Introducing Photoshop's selection tools ................................84 Make a smoking dancer............................................................182
Using the Eraser tools to remove backgrounds....................88 Create stunning spirals .............................................................186
Learn to use the basic marquee selection tools....................92
How to use the Lasso tools.........................................................94
Photoshops intelligent selection tools ....................................96 CHAPTER 10
Create precise, editable selections with the Pen tool...........98
Editing selections in Quick Mask mode.................................102 Advanced features 190
Perfect your selections using Refine Edge ...........................104 Introducing Photoshops automated Actions .....................192
Create an Action to enhance a landscape ............................196
CHAPTER 6 Explore Photoshop's creative brush tips ..............................198
Create elaborate titles and captions .....................................202
Masks and montages 108 Make a 3D chess set .................................................................206
Introducing the Motion workspace ........................................210
Introducing Photoshop layer masks.......................................110 Enhance a video clip...................................................................212
Make better masks with the Mask Properties panel ..........112 Introducing Photoshop's animation tools ............................214
Make a surreal portrait ...............................................................114 Prepare your photos for print ..................................................218
Paint with filters and masks ......................................................118 Prepare your photos for web and on-screen use............... 222
5
ORGANISE YOUR IMAGES GET THE FILES HERE: http://bit.ly/typs2016
6
ORGANISE YOUR IMAGES
Organising images
Get started in Photoshop fast by learning the
best ways to import and organise your images
Introducing the Import your photos

08 Lightroom layout
If you subscribe to Adobes Photography
Plan, you get Photoshop Lightroom as well as
Photoshop itself. Heres an introduction to Lightroom
14 into Bridge
Import images from your camera into
Bridge, and organise and convert them in preparation
for editing in Photoshop
Using Lightroom Add metadata and

10 with Photoshop
Adobe Lightroom combines the power of
Adobe Camera Raw with advanced cataloguing tools.
Find out how it can work alongside Photoshop
16 keywords to your images
Discover how to protect your photos
and make them easier to find in the future using
embedded image metadata
Introducing the Organise your

12 Bridge workspace
If you prefer to use Adobe Bridge, learn the
key areas of Bridges photo-organising workspace and
discover how to customise it to suit your needs
20 images in Bridge
Use Bridges asset management tools
to help you find particular pictures quickly and
easily using Collections
7
Introducing the
Lightroom layout
You can use Lightroom as your photo organisational tool instead
of Adobe Bridge, and heres a guide to how it works
hotoshop users now have a choice regular perpetual licence (Lightroom 6) or as including raw files, before passing them over
P of image organisational tools.

Traditionally, Photoshop has been
twinned with Adobe Bridge
part of Adobes subscription-based
Photography Plan. The fact is, if you are using
Photoshop CC then you almost certainly have
to Photoshop for more detailed work.
So does this make Bridge obsolete? Not at
all. Many photographers prefer the simplicity
Bridge does the organising and Photoshop access to Lightroom CC as part of your of Bridge and dont need Lightrooms more
does the editing. But the introduction of subscription package at no extra cost, and it powerful and more complex organisa-
Adobe Photoshop Lightroom has widened the can prove an extremely useful tool both for tional tools. However, if you start to find
choice. At the time of writing, Lightroom is managing a large collection of photographs, Bridge too restrictive and inflexible, swapping
available both as a standalone program with a editing them directly or pre-editing images, to Lightroom could make a big difference.
Lightrooms workflow modules

From import to output, Adobe Lightroom can take care of your entire workflow
4 BOOK
Its possible to design and order printed

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 photo books entirely within Lightroom,
which could prove a very useful feature
for commercial photographers who
want to offer their clients a range of
photographic products and services.
5 SLIDESHOW
This is a great way to package up a

set of photographs into a multimedia
presentation for clients, friends or
family. Slideshows can be as simple or
as complicated as you want.
6 PRINT
Lightroom offers extensive print layout

options for single or multiple images,
with built-in templates for common
output settings and the ability to create
and save your own.
1 LIBRARY 2 DEVELOP 3 MAP 7 WEB
This is where you import your photos This is where youll find Lightrooms Lightroom can automatically place You can also create and publish web
into the Lightroom catalogue, organise editing tools. Theyre the same as geotagged images on a map, and you galleries directly within Lightroom,
them into Folders and Collections, add those in Adobe Camera Raw, but can add location information manually which has built-in FTP transfer for
ratings, labels, keywords and more. arranged in a smart new interface. to images that dont have it. uploading straight to your web host.
The Lightroom Library in detail

Lightrooms photo organising tools go far beyond those in Adobe Bridge
4
1
1 FOLDERS 4 FILTER BAR
Lightroom does not need to move your photos when it imports Whether youre looking at photos in a folder a collection or
them it can simply add them to the library in their existing your entire library, you can use this bar to filter them based on
location. You can see the folders theyre stored in using this ratings, labels, the shooting information saved by the camera,
Folders panel and you can also rename and move photos. file type (JPEG or raw) and a whole lot more.
2 COLLECTIONS 5 GRID VIEW
These are virtual collections of images, just like the albums By default youll view images as thumbnails in this grid view,
in other photo organising programs. When you add a photo to but you can double-click any photo to view it at full size in
a collection, youre not moving it physically, and a single photo loupe view. Click once more and the view zooms in to 100
can be in more than one collection. percent magnification. Its a really quick way to check photos.
3 SMART COLLECTIONS 6 METADATA
Smart collections are like saved searches. You dont add This sidebar has panels for adding keywords and editing
photos to a smart collection manually; instead, you set up the your keyword list, adding copyright information, checking the
smart collection with properties you want to search for, such as cameras shooting (EXIF) information and more. You can also
photos with specific keywords, ratings or shooting information. carry out quick enhancements with the Quick Develop panel.
Using Lightroom
with Photoshop
You can send images to Photoshop for in-depth editing
and the new versions are added to your library
ightroom and Photoshop make a great team. You photos in Lightroom you can undo at any time. And you soon
L can use Lightroom to organise all your images and

make basic enhancements before handing off your
photos to Photoshop for more advanced work. In
get to realise that Lightroom is especially good at some jobs,
like basic tone and colour corrections, graduated filter effects
and cropping, while Photoshop is best for others, such as
fact, though, as you start exploring Lightrooms sophisticated multi-layer montages and more advanced special effects.
editing tools, you might discover you dont need Photoshop So lets see what sort of jobs you might do on a photo
as much as you thought. in Lightroom, how to hand it off to Photoshop for more
You might imagine that having two sets of editing tools advanced image-editing tasks, and how the edited version
in two different programs would make things confusing, is automatically passed back to the Lightroom catalogue
but it doesnt. The thing to remember about Lightrooms alongside the original. Best of all, the edited version is saved
adjustments is that they are non-destructive, just like those as a fully-layered Photoshop file, so that when you re-open it
in Adobe Camera Raw. Whatever changes you make to your you can pick up where you left off.
10
1
Camera Calibration in Lightroom
2
Lens Corrections in Lightroom
If youre using Lightroom to organise your images, it Lightroom can also apply lens correction profiles
takes over from Adobe Camera Raw you make the for most common lenses. Youll find these options in
same adjustments in the Develop module as you would in the Lens Correction panel. Make sure you check the Remove
ACR. For example, here weve used the Camera Calibration Chromatic Aberration and Constrain Crop boxes too. This
tab to replicate our cameras Landscape colour rendition. will get rid of colour fringing and lens distortion.
3
External editor preferences
4
Open in Photoshop
Before you send photos to an external editor, check From now on, all you need to do to send an image
the Lightroom Preferences and the External Editing from Lightroom to Photoshop is to right-click the
tab. Photoshop CC should already be listed as the main photo and choose Edit in > Edit in Adobe Photoshop CC 2015
choice, but make sure the file format is set to Photoshop PSD from the context menu. Lightroom will send a converted 16-
and set the bit depth to 16-bit for best quality. bit PSD format file to Photoshop, where it will open.
5
Edit and save
6
Back in Lightroom
So here weve made a few changes to our picture in Now, if we head back to Lightroom we see that the new
Photoshop, adding a tilt-shift blur effect which isnt Photoshop-edited image has been added to the library
possible in Lightroom and then we close the image to save alongside the existing one. If we need to, we can re-edit the
it. It doesnt need to be converted in any way or saved to a original raw file in Lightroom and choose some different
specific location because thats already been chosen. settings, or we can re-open the saved Photoshop file.
11
Introducing the
Bridge workspace
Get to know the key areas of Bridges photo-organising workspace
and discover how to customise it to suit your needs
ne of the biggest problems we face All versions of Photoshop attempt to deal load via the Creative Cloud service, youll
O as digital photographers is our

ever-growing collections of images.
We may have thousands of photos
with this asset management problem
using similar tools. The Photoshop Elements
Organizer allows you to add star ratings and
need to download Bridge separately.
Bridge is a powerful image browser that
enables you to take control over your digital
scattered across hundreds of folders on our keywords. Lightrooms Library module does a assets before exporting them to Photoshop
computers. These folders tend to display similar job. Photoshop CC and CS use a for editing. On this spread well introduce you
images according to when they were captured, companion application called Bridge to help to the key features of Bridge, and demonstrate
so we have to rely on our memory of what was you sort the wheat from the chaff. If you ac- how to customise the workspace to display
shot when as we search for a particular photo. cess the full version of Photoshop as a down- images in a more useful way.
Photoshop Anatomy The Bridge workspace

Get to know the key features of Adobe Bridge
4 METADATA
3 This panel emulates the display on your

1 digital SLR. It reads the metadata stored
in the currently active thumbnail so that
you can discover what shutter speed,
ISO and aperture settings where used
to capture the image. It also shows the
metering modes.
6
5
4
5 FILTERS
This panel enables you to present files

that meet specific criteria, such as
those with a specific star rating. You
can also filter the files metadata and
discover images that were captured
with a particular shutter speed setting,
for example.
6 KEYWORDS
2
This panel enables you to quickly assign
descriptive keywords to a photo. You
can then use the Filter panel to display
photos that contain a specific keyword.
1 FOLDERS 2 THUMBNAILS 3 WORKSPACES Well demonstrate how to add and
search for keywords later in this chapter.
Click the Folders tab to browse to Bridge displays your images as These links enable you to change the
any folder of images stored on your thumbnails. You can use the slider way panels and images are displayed
PC. Drag your most commonly used at the bottom of the workspace to in Bridge. For example, the Filmstrip
folders into the Favorites panel. increase the thumbnail size. option gives you larger previews.
12
Overview Customising Adobe Bridge

Take a closer look at your pictures using the Filmstrip view
5 6
3 4
1 FILMSTRIP 4 EDITED IMAGES
By clicking the Filmstrip workspace icon you display the If the colours, sharpness or tones of a raw format photo have
selected thumbnail at a much larger size in the Preview window. already been adjusted in Photoshop, youll see this icon. You
Shift-click to select and compare multiple images, as were may also spot more specific icons that indicate that an image
doing in this image. has been cropped, for example.
2 LOUPE VIEW 5 THUMBNAIL QUALITY
The easiest way to see if an image is in focus is by looking at it By default you browse a raw files content by displaying the
at 100% magnification. To do so, click the image to activate the low-resolution thumbnail that was embedded with the file
Loupe view. Drag the loupe to examine the image. We can see when it was captured. For a more accurate preview of colours
that the image on the right is blurred. and tones, click here and choose High Quality display. This will
demand more processing power, however.
3 STACKING 6 SORT BY
To stop similar-looking images from cluttering up the To see your files in chronological order (with the oldest ones
workspace, Shift-click to select them and then choose appearing on the left of the Filmstrip), set this Sort By drop-
Stacks>Group As Stack. Click the play icon to see each down menu to Date Created. You can also use this option in the
thumbnail contained in a stack (or drag the scroll bar). Essential workspace to display the oldest files at the top.
13
Import your
photos into Bridge
Import images from your camera into Bridge, then organise
and convert them in preparation for editing in Photoshop
ridge is an application that comes but this was discontinued in 2014.) With
B included with all versions of

Photoshop. If youre not using
Lightroom to import, organise and
Bridge, you can easily browse your images and
incorporate them into your workflow.
However, Bridge is so much more than a
CONVERT TO DNG
If you choose the Convert to DNG option, the

catalogue your images then Bridge is the browser; you can also use it to add metadata, Photo Downloader will convert third-party raw
perfect tool that fully integrates with create image collections, group photos into format files (such as Canons CR2 or Nikons
NEF) into the Adobe Digital Negative format as
Photoshop. You can launch it separately stacks, apply star ratings, filter images and
it imports them. It will preserve the original raw
or use the File > Browse in Bridge more besides. It also offers a host of
format files and create a DNG copy in a
menu command in Photoshop. other useful features too, such as separate folder. We recommend you keep the
(There was also a Mini- the option to select multiple original raw files somewhere very safe.
Bridge panel in Photoshop, images and merge them.
1
Attach your camera
2
Launch Photo Downloader
On the previous pages we pointed out how to use Bridge to browse A dialog will appear, inviting you to make the Photo
images that are already stored on your computer, courtesy of the Downloader launch automatically whenever a camera or card
Folders panel. This panel acts like any browser or finder window. You reader is attached. Click Yes or No as desired. You can always change
can also use Bridge to import and store images directly from an this option later by choosing Adobe Bridge>Preferences>General and
attached camera or memory card into folders on your PC. Kick off by then tick or clear When Camera is Connected, Launch Adobe Photo
attaching your camera via a USB cable, and then click the Import Downloader. Whether you click Yes or No, the Photo Downloader
Photos from Camera icon in Bridge. window will appear.
14
3
Choose a location and label
4
Convert to DNG
Click the Advanced Dialog button. Clear any thumbnails that In the Advanced Options panel you can decide to convert
you dont want to import. In the Save Options section, click raw files to the DNG format as they are imported. This
Choose and browse to where you want to store the files, or leave it set can be useful if youre planning to share your raw files with other
to the default Pictures folder. Set the Create Subfolders drop-down Photoshop users. Different camera manufacturers use different
menu to choose your preferred folder labelling format, such as Shot formats to create a raw version of an image and some of these
Date (ddmmyy). You can also rename the source files to include the cant be opened in older versions of Photoshop. Adobes DNG
Shot Date. They will then be numbered sequentially. format is also more compatible with third-party applications.
5
Advanced options
6
Apply metadata
By default Adobe Bridge is set to open once youve imported If you plan to share your images electronically, it makes
the files. You can set the Photo Downloader to delete the sense to attach your details and the copyright status,
original files on the memory card after theyve been imported, such as Creative Commons or Royalty Free, to each photo as its
so you can capture new images with the card without having to imported. This will save you the hassle of adding this information
reformat it. You can also save copies of the imported files onto an to individual files at a later date. Well look at ways to add more
external drive to create a backup of your photos. Click Choose to information to metadata on the following pages. Click Get Media
select your backup location. to import the selected files.
15
Add metadata
and keywords
to your images
Discover how to protect your photos and
make them easier to nd in the future
t the end of the workflow on the previous spread we
A demonstrated how to quickly add your name and the

copyright status to each file as it was imported to your
computer by the Photo Downloader. This useful
information is stored inside each files metadata, so when the image is
shared online or emailed to a client they will know who it belongs to.
The Photo Downloader only enables you to add a limited amount
of information to a batch of images, but once youre browsing your
imported images in Bridge you can add much more useful data to
them, such as your contact details and website address. This helps
people contact you if they need to use the image, or at least credit you
as its creator. In this walkthrough well demonstrate how to edit fields
in the IPTC Core panel to assign your contact and copyright details to
a files metadata.
You can add other useful details to metadata in Bridge, such as
keywords that describe the contents of an image. This enables you to
find a file according to its subject, instead of having to scroll through
a chronological list of images trying to remember when you shot a
particular picture. Keywords remain embedded in a files metadata,
so they can be used by others to locate an image, which is handy if
you want to sell your work as stock photography, for example. Well
demonstrate quick ways to add keywords and then search for them
using the filter tools in Bridge.
16
17
1
Examine the metadata
2
Assign your copyright
When importing images into Lightroom you can type your You can also add your contact and website details to the
name into the Photo Downloaders Creator field. If youve files metadata by typing in the appropriate fields. Scroll
chosen this option, you can check that your name is attached to down in the IPTC Core panel to find the Copyright Status pop-
the file. Click the thumbnail of an image and then toggle open up menu. Choose an option such as Copyrighted. When the
the IPTC Core section of the Metadata panel. Next to the Creator photograph is opened in Photoshop the image tab will display a
label youll see your name. If you didnt add your name while symbol, indicating that the image is copyrighted. Viewers of the
importing, you can still do so by typing in the adjacent text field. image can go to File>Info and read the info that youve added.
3
Apply the changes
4
Create a metadata template
If your image contains a person or a place, then you can add To speed up your workflow you can use Bridge to create a
the appropriate details in Bridges IPTC Extension panel. This metadata template that contains useful generic information,
panel also enables you to inform viewers of the image if theres such as your contact and copyright details. To do so, go to
a model or property release form available, which is useful for Tools>Create Metadata Template. Give the template a name, such
purchasers of stock photography. Once youve finished editing the as My contact details. Type in the information. Any properties
metadata, click anywhere outside the Metadata panel. Youll then be you add will automatically be checked. Click Save. You can create
asked if you want to apply the changes. Click Apply. as many custom metadata templates as you like.
18
5
Batch process the metadata
6
Add keywords
Once youve created a custom metadata template you can The IPTC Core panel also has a keyword field, so you can
apply it to multiple images. Shift-click to select a range of add a series of descriptive keywords to a particular file,
thumbnails in Bridge. Go to Tools and choose Append Metadata. such as macro, butterfly, leaf etc. You could also add common
You can then choose your custom metadata template. Your contact keywords, such as your name, to a metadata template. To help
details will then be added to all the selected files in an instant. you add keywords quickly, Bridge has a Keywords panel adjacent
Click a thumbnail and check the Metadata panels IPTC Core to the Metadata tab. Here youll find a collection of useful preset
section to see the added information. keywords, plus any that youve manually added to any images.
7
Create new keywords
8
Filter via keywords
To assign existing keywords to a selected image, tick the box To find images that contain a particular keyword, go to
next to a keyword category, such as People, or a subcategory, the Filter panel on the left of the Essentials workspace,
such as a persons name. If a keyword isnt available, click the fly- then simply click a keyword in the list to display the appropriate
out icon at the top right of the Keywords panel and choose New thumbnails in the Preview window. Youll see a number next to
Keyword. Type the keyword into the text field. Hit Enter. Drag the each keyword that indicates the number of files that contain that
new keyword into a particular category. Tick the new keyword to particular keyword in their metadata. You can also type keywords
assign it to the selected thumbnails. into the Search field at the top right of Bridges workspace.
19
Organise your
images in Bridge
Use Bridges asset management tools to help you nd
particular pictures quickly and easily using Collections
s we revealed on the previous pages, Bridge to manage, so we can end up scrolling through hundreds
A enables you to create and assign keywords to

single images or batches of images so that you
can find them with ease using filters. Keywords
of thumbnails in search of a particular image. In this
walkthrough well demonstrate how to use the old photo
album model to collect themed images together so that they
provide one of the most powerful and useful ways of are easier to access, courtesy of Bridges Collections panel.
helping you to locate specific photographs, although Youll also learn how to use the powerful Smart Collections
Bridge has other tools that will help you to organise feature to find photos according to specific metadata
your ever-growing library of images. information, such as the shutter speed or camera model
In pre-digital days wed place our favourite prints into used to capture the images.
photo albums. These tended to gather and present images Well kick off by demonstrating how to quickly separate
using particular themes, such as weddings or holidays, for the wheat from the chaff by assigning labels and star ratings
example. In these digital days we have many more images to particular pictures.
20
1
Assign ratings
2
Label your images
Click the Filmstrip workspace so that you can get a good You can also assign ratings by clicking the Label menu
look at each image when you click its thumbnail. If you at the top of the workspace. There are also colour-
like an image, you can click the star icons below a thumbnail coded labels that indicate the status of a file. If a picture is
to assign up to five stars. You can also assign star ratings by ready for print, you could apply a green Approved label.
pressing Cmd/Ctrl+ a number between 1 and 5. Images that require editing might have a purple To Do label.
3
Filter your photos
4
Create a Collection
Once youve assigned ratings and labels, you can To create an album-style Collection, click the
search using them. Go to the Filter panel and click a Collections panel. Click the New Collection icon at
coloured label to see all the files with that label. Narrow down the bottom. Label the Collection with an appropriate name,
your search by clicking other criteria such as a particular such as Landscape collection. Drag thumbnails from the
rating. You can also use the Filter items by rating option. Filmstrip into the Landscape collections folder.
5
Create a Smart Collection
6
Export to Photoshop
Click the New Smart Collection icon. Choose a Source Once youve finished organising files in Bridge, you can
for Bridge to look in. In Criteria, choose an attribute, double click to take a specific file into Photoshop. You
such as Rating equals five stars. Click the + icon to add other can also go to Tools>Photoshop and use shortcuts that will
criteria if necessary. Click Save. The Smart Collection will jump-start a variety of Photoshop edits, such as placing two
automatically gather appropriate images together. images into separate layers in the same document.
21
RAW FILE PROCESSING GET THE FILES HERE: http://bit.ly/typs2016
22
RAW FILE PROCESSING
Raw file processing

Improve tones, colour and more using Photoshops
non-destructive raw file editor, Camera Raw
Introducing the How to remove

24 Camera Raw editor
Learn how to use Photoshops pro-level
image-processing digital darkroom to reveal more
colour and tonal detail in your images
34 atmospheric haze
Discover how to get to grips with
the Dehaze filter, and learn how to cut through
haze in your landscapes
Improve contrast and Apply Grain and

26 colour in your raw files
Discover how to process a digital
negative to improve its colours and tones with
our typical raw-editing workflow
36 Vignette effects
Find out how to achieve striking and
evocative analog effects with Camera Raws Grain and
Vignette effects
Do even more with Lens and

28 Camera Raw
Camera Raw isnt just for correcting
tone- and colour-based problems. Discover the
raw-processing tools in the additional tabs
38 perspective corrections
Camera raw can correct distortion
created by lenses and perspective distortion caused by
your choice of viewpoint
Make selective Exporting from

30 raw adjustments
Make quick and effective selective tonal
adjustments using the Graduated Filter, Adjustment
Brush and Radial Filter tools
40 Camera Raw
Learn about bit depth, colour space,
image sizing and batch processing and how to get
the most from Camera Raws output
23
Introducing the
Camera Raw editor
Learn how to use Photoshops pro-level image-processing digital
darkroom to reveal more colour and tonal detail in your images
nce youve organised, rated and can send JPEGs into Camera Raw if you prefer end up revealing compression artefacts.
O key-worded your images in Bridge

you can double click them to
launch them into Photoshop to
using that workspaces tools.
By saving a photo as a JPEG, your camera
creates a compressed file that doesnt take
A clear summer sky in a JPEG may consist of
jagged bands of colour instead of a smooth
gradient, for example.
edit them. If your files have been captured in up much space on your memory card or your By shooting in raw you capture more
a raw format such as CR2 or NEF, they will computers hard drive. However, much of the information about the colours and tones in
automatically open in the Adobe Camera Raw information about the colour and tone in the a scene. This gives Photoshop more to work
editor. JPEG format files will open in the image is lost. If you want to restore missing with. Heres how to use Camera Raw to reveal
standard Photoshop workspace, although you highlight or colour detail to a JPEG, you may more colour and tonal detail
Overview Camera Raws tool bar

Discover which tools to use to improve composition and adjust colour and tone
4 CROP TOOL
3 4 5 7
This tool enables you to improve
composition by removing the frame
edges. The tool is non-destructive, so
you can restore missing edge details
1 2 6 at any time. The neighbouring
Straighten tool enables you to
counteract tilted horizons.
5 SPOT REMOVAL
This tool enables you to sample a clear

patch of sky, for instance, and use it to
hide artefacts such as a sensor spot.
Its Camera Raws version of the Clone
Stamp tool.
6 ADJUSTMENT BRUSH
This tool enables you to make selective

brush-based adjustments, such as
lightening (dodging) or darkening
(burning) the tones.
7 GRADUATED FILTER
This tool acts like a graduated neutral

1 ZOOM TOOL 2 WHITE BALANCE 3 TARGETED ADJUSTMENT density filter on a cameras lens,
enabling you to darken bright skies
When sharpening a raw image you This tool enables you to set the white This powerful tool enables you to without blowing out a correctly exposed
need to see the individual image balance by sampling something that sample an areas colours or tones with landscape, for instance. Or you could
pixels. Right click with the Zoom tool should be white. If the pixels are too a click. You can then drag up to lighten brighten an under-exposed landscape
and choose 100% from the menu. warm, the tool will cool the colours. the area, or down to darken it. without over-exposing the sky.
24
RAW FILE PROCESSING
Photoshop Anatomy Camera Raw editor

Familiarise yourself with Camera Raws key features
3 1
5
2 6
1 RAW FILE 4 THE BASIC TAB
Our TYCC05.dng raw file has been saved as a digital negative. This tab contains most of Camera Raws colour- and tone-
This native Adobe raw format means that the image will correcting tools. The adjacent Detail tab enables you to sharpen
automatically open up in Photoshops Camera Raw editor. We up your raw images to create a print with more punch. Well
can then use the suite of tools and tabs to process the image. explore these tabs in more detail later in this chapter.
2 WORKFLOW (OUTPUT) OPTIONS 5 BEFORE AND AFTER COMPARISONS
Click this link to open the Workflow Options dialog. Here you Use these buttons to see before-and-after comparisons of
can choose a colour space (such as the print-friendly Adobe images as you work on them. You can arrange these vertically
RGB (1998)). You can also increase the Depth to 16 bits per or horizontally or use a vertical or horizontal split-screen
channel to squeeze more information out of the raw file. arrangement. Its surprisingly useful.
3 ZOOM LEVEL 6 OPEN OR DONE
Its often useful to see the image close up when working Once youve finished processing your raw file, click Open
in Camera Raw, so click this pop-up menu to choose a Image to take the processed image into the main Photoshop
magnification percentage. You can also click the + or - icons to workspace, where you can add text or apply filters, for example.
zoom in or out in increments. Alternatively, press Cmd/Ctrl Alternatively, click Done to save all the slider settings, so you
and the plus or minus keys to zoom in or out. can open it later on and continue fine-tuning the look.
25
BEFORE
Improve
contrast & colour
Discover how to process a digital negative to improve its
colours and tones with our typical raw-editing workow
ne of the principal advantages of raw files is the effect of another. It sounds complicated, but actually its
O that they contain extra brightness and colour

information you can exploit and bring out in
Adobe Camera Raw. This is generally the first step
quite easy to grasp if you approach it systematically, and our
walkthrough, opposite, suggests an everyday raw workflow
that you can apply to any kind of image.
in enhancing your raw files and, sometimes, the only one. Remember that the Camera Raw tools are non-destructive.
This extra image detail is not always visible straight away, You never permanently change any of the original files
though, and its important to understand what the tone and information, so its easy to revert back to the original
colour controls do in Camera Raw and how they interact. settings. This means youre free to experiment and make
This is because Camera Raw is not like a regular image mistakes without worrying about making backups. When
editor, where you make one change and then another, and youve got the photo looking just how you want it in Camera
the effects are cumulative. Instead, all your adjustments are Raw you can then open it in Photoshop or click the Done
live, so that changes you make with one slider will change button to save your adjustments for later.
26
RAW FILE PROCESSING
1
Auto adjustments
2
Recovering highlights
Camera Raws tonal adjustments interact in quite The Auto adjustment usually makes pictures look
complex ways, and its not always easy to know where brighter and clearer and its certainly made a difference
to start which is where the Auto option near the top of here. But we can see that its made the sky look slightly
the panel is so useful. It automatically adjusts the Exposure, overexposed. The Highlights were already pulled back by the
Contrast, Highlights, Shadows, Whites and Blacks sliders. Auto adjustment, but well drag the slider right back to -100.
3
Boosting the shadows
4
Adding clarity
This photo was always going to be problematic because Now for Camera Raws secret weapon. Much
of the big brightness difference between the sky and improved since its early version, the Clarity slider
the foreground. The Auto adjustment has already boosted adds a powerful localised contrast effect to make objects and
the Shadows setting, but its worth pushing it just a little bit textures really stand out without affecting the global contrast.
further to bring out the detail in the foreground rocks. With this shot we can afford to go as high as +75..
5
Vibrance versus saturation
6
Adjust the white balance
Our image would benefit from a colour boost too, Weve left this till last because often its only when
and there are two controls for this Vibrance and youve adjusted the tones that you can properly judge
Saturation. Vibrance boosts the weaker colours like the blue the white balance. This photo looks best using the cameras
sky reflection in the cascading water, while the Saturation white balance setting (As Shot) which is saved in the raw file,
slider gives a background boost to all the colours equally. but you can also experiment with Adobes own presets.
27
Do even more with

Camera Raw
Camera Raw isnt just for correcting tone- and colour-based problems.
It has a host of other powerful photo-fixing and processing tools too
n the previous pages we used a enable you to process your raw files in One common challenge photographers face
O selection of toolbar-based tools

and Basic panel sliders to reveal
missing tonal detail, create a
practical and creative ways, so that you can
spend more time working with your raw
format files, which is always preferable to
is to get key areas in focus. Panels such as
Detail enable you to sharpen soft-looking im-
ages without adding artefacts such as noise.
balanced exposure and selectively adjust working with images in the main Photoshop You can also use the Detail panel to reduce
colour. These types of image adjustments are editor. Raw files contain more information the presence of noise produced by high ISO
some of the most common, so tools such as about colour and tone than JPEGs, so by speeds. You can also use Camera Raws panels
the Crop tool and the Basic panel are close to editing in raw you can produce better-looking to reproduce classic darkroom processes such
hand. If you dig a little deeper into Camera results than you would if processing a JPEG as black-and-white and split-toning. Use the
Raw, youll discover that theres much more version of the image in the main Photoshop annotation on the right to introduce yourself
you can do with a raw file. To the right of the editor. Therefore its worth getting to know to these powerful raw-processing panels and
Basic panel tab are nine other tabs. These what these extra tabs have to offer. discover just what Camera Raw can do.
28
RAW FILE PROCESSING
Photoshop Anatomy Camera Raw panels

Get to know which panel does what in Camera Raw
1 TONE CURVE
This Parametric panel provides an additional way

to lighten or darken problematic areas using the
appropriately labelled sliders. The Point panel enables
you to access curve-adjusting presets that change the
contrast in the image with a simple click, or you can
place points on a curve manually and drag them to
lighten or darken specific tones, just as you would with
a Curves adjustment layer.
2 3 4 6
2 DETAIL
Many cameras soften an image as they process it to

help avoid generating unwanted moir patterns in
the high-frequency parts of the image. By default the
Detail panel applies a sharpening amount of 25 to give
your pictures a bit more punch. This panel enables
1
you to get a balance between sharpening detail while 5
keeping image noise at bay.
3 HSL/GRAYSCALE
This panel enables you to selectively adjust the hue,

saturation and luminosity of particular colours. It also
enables you to produce effective black-and-white
images by lightening or darkening greyscale tones
based on the scenes original colours. Converting to
monochrome in this way offers much more control
than simply desaturating the image.
4 SPLIT TONING 5 EFFECTS 6 CAMERA CALIBRATION
After converting a photograph to monochrome using This panel enables you to texture your processed raw Many cameras change the colours and tones of
the HSL/Grayscale panel, you can use this panels files with retro photographic artefacts such as film images using a range of scene modes such as Portrait
sliders to add separate washes of colour to the images grain. This is an effective way of complementing a or Landscape. The Landscape mode tends to boost
highlights and shadows to change the mood of the mono conversion. You can also add vignetted corners natural colours such as greens and blues. You can
monochrome conversion. that will stay vignetted even after you crop the shot. experiment with different looks using this panel.
SIDECAR
Understanding XMP FILES
LENS Another great thing about editing

a raw file is the fact that you
CORRECTIONS never permanently change its
original pixels. Therefore, you cant
1 damage the file or spoil it. When
Camera Raw enables removes colour you process a raw image such as
a Canon camera-produced CR2 in
you to tackle lens- fringing. Use the
Camera Raw, Photoshop creates
induced artefacts in Manual tab [4] if a
2 a sidecar XMP file that stores all
its Lens Corrections lens correction profile
the Camera Raw slider settings
panel [1]. The Profile is not available. Note:
4 used to adjust the image. When
tab [2] has an Enable Up until Camera Raw you reopen the image at a later
Profile Corrections 9.6, this was also date, this XMP file makes sure that
box, so Photoshop home for the Upright 3 the slider settings were as you left
can automatically perspective correction them. You can then continue fine-
remove lens distortion tools these have tuning the look of the raw file at
and vignetting. The moved to the new your leisure, safe in the knowledge
Remove Chromatic Transform tool on the that you cant permanently
Aberration box [3] top toolbar. destroy the data in the original file.
29
Selectively
adjust raw files
Make quick selective adjustments
using the tools in Camera Raw
ere all grown accustomed to using Adobe Camera Raw as an
W enhancement tool mainly to optimise and prepare images for

more editing work in Photoshop. The relatively recent
introduction of selective adjustment tools, though, has
changed the balance of power in ways that many photographers may not
yet fully appreciate. You may not need Photoshop as much as you think!
Camera Raw now has Graduated Filter, Adjustment Brush and Radial
Filter tools that can match many of the routine jobs we carry out in
Photoshop, but a whole lot more quickly and also non-destructively
these localised adjustments can be changed later. Keep in mind, too,
that these adjustments can make use of the full data in the raw file and
not the reduced image data in converted image files.
The Graduated Filter is very useful in landscape photography,
for example, and because it can pull back latent highlight detail in
overexposed skies, you dont have to make any exposure adjustments to
the rest of the photo.
The Adjustment Brush can be used on smaller or more irregular
areas. You paint on adjustments manually, but you can control the
brush size and softness, erase any areas of overspill and use the Auto
Mask option to automatically brush up to but not over the edges of
objects. This tool probably requires a little more time and effort than
the others, but its the one that gives you the most precise control.
And for adding atmosphere and giving your photos a strong focal
point, theres the Radial Filter tool. Weve used this, and the other two
tools, to transform our sample photo entirely in Camera Raw.
BEFORE
30
RAW FILE PROCESSING
31
1
Graduated Filters and skies
2
Erasing unwanted areas
To follow this walkthrough step-by-step, open the This is a problem with all graduated filters, even the real ones
TYCC100.dng sample image in Camera Raw. We think this sky you put over the lens. To fix it, we can use a feature first
would look better darkened, so select the Graduated Filter tool on the introduced in Camera Raw 8.5 the ability to brush away parts of a
top toolbar (circled) and drag down from the top of the image if you Graduated Filter (and Radial Filter). With the filter still active, click
shift-drag, the filter will remain perfectly vertical. Now try reducing the Brush button at the top of the panel and the erase/subtract button
the value of the Exposure slider. This darkens the sky in a nice, subtle below. Now brush away the effect where you dont want it with
way, but theres a problem its also darkening the top of the cathedral. hard-edged objects, its easier if you check the Auto Mask box.
3
Using the Adjustment Brush
4
Checking the adjustment mask
Now we want to do brighten up the facade of Orvieto Cathedral There are a few things you can do to make these adjustments
and make it the focus of the picture. Its an irregular shape, so easier and more precise. First, with a hard-edged outline like
for this we need to use the Adjustment Brush you simply paint over this, the Auto Mask option is a real time-saver because you can brush
the area you want to adjust. So the first step is to select the Adjustment up to the edges of objects without the adjustment spilling over into
Brush tool from the top toolbar, but before you can start painting you surrounding areas. Second, you can check the Mask box at the bottom
must choose the adjustment settings. Here, well start with a saturation of the panel to make sure you havent missed out any important areas.
increase we can make more adjustments as we go along. Weve also boosted the Exposure, Contrast and Clarity settings.
32
RAW FILE PROCESSING
5
When to use the Radial Filter
6
Radial Filter adjustments
This is the third of Camera Raws selective adjustment tools, By default, Radial Filter adjustments are applied outside the
and at first sight it might not appear to do much that you cant filter ellipse (you can check the Inside Effect option at the
already achieve with the Post Crop Vignette effect. In reality, however, bottom of the panel instead). Weve started off by reducing the
its much more powerful, and were going to use it to give the sky and Exposure value to produce a slight vignette effect and then added a
surroundings a rich, deep intensity. You start off by dragging out an big Dehaze value of +82. The Dehaze adjustment was added to the
elliptical or circular shape with the Radial Filter tool. You can reposition selective tools in Camera Raw 9.2, and its not just there to cut through
it with the central pin and reshape it with the edge handles. fog and haze it adds real drama and depth to low-contrast areas.
7
Adding a colour
8
Move, rotate and resize the filter
You can add a colour tint to any of the selective adjustments, and The great thing about the Radial Filter tool is how easy it is to
its especially useful with the Graduated Filter tool. Well use it modify the effect when youve made your adjustments. This
with this Radial Filter effect, though, to add a deep blue/violet tint that picture looks better when the effect is lined up with the facade of he
really emphasises the colour of the twilight sky. Youll find the Color church, and that took just moments to achieve. Remember you drag
option at the bottom of the adjustments panel and when you click the the central pin to move the filter and the edge handles to reshape it.
colour swatch it brings up this Color Picker window. You can click on a But you can rotate the filter too, as weve done here, by moving the
colour directly or type Hue And Saturation values into the boxes below. mouse pointer just outside it it turns into a rotate gadget.
33
Remove haze
in Camera Raw
Discover how to get to grips with the Dehaze lter,
and bring your landscapes back to vivid life
hose with a Creative Cloud subscription have
BEFORE
T access to Adobes new Dehaze feature. Found in
the Camera Raw FX panel, Dehaze cuts through
atmospheric haze to improve image clarity in your
landscapes, transforming the effects of a dusty or humid day
with limited visibility into a clear scene where you can see far
into the distance. Were using it here to improve this
dramatic Nevada landscape. Its fine as a composition, but the
dusty air has made the distant mountains look flat and
lifeless, and its also made the sky look quite dull too.
The problem here and it affects a lot of landscape shots
is that youre not faced with an overall lack of contrast.
The foreground in this shot is perfectly fine as it is, and
trying to boost the background contrast will spoil it.
One alternative is to try to select the background with
the Adjustment Brush, say, and apply some selective
adjustments, but that would mean some pretty time-
consuming trial and error. The Dehaze effect, however, solves
this issue at a stroke. It identifies and selects the low-
contrast areas of the picture and gives them a big localised
contrast boost, but areas which already have good contrast,
like the foreground, are left alone. Its almost like magic!
1
When Auto Tone doesnt work
2
And when Clarity doesnt help
Hazy landscapes are a special problem because they The Clarity slider is the usual go-to tool for images
dont respond to regular adjustments. You can try this which look generally flat, but it hasnt really done us
for yourself by opening our TYCC101.dng sample file in any good here. The sky looks marginally more contrasty, but
Camera Raw. We can use the Auto option in the Basic tab to the distant mountain still lacks contrast and the whole photo
optimise our photos tonal range, but although the foreground now looks rather harsh. But the tools weve used so far are
looks fine, that distant view is still washed out. relatively crude they act equally across all areas of picture.
34
RAW FILE PROCESSING
3
The Dehaze effect
4
Check the before and after
The Dehaze effect is different in fact youll need to The Dehaze effect is very powerful and its easy to
swap to the Effects tab to find it. It applies an intelli- push it just that little bit too far. But Camera Raw
gent localised contrast effect thats intensified in areas of low now has some really handy split-screen before-and-after
contrast and reduced in areas where theres already enough. comparison modes so that you can judge the effect more
A value of +66 really boosts the detail and colours in the carefully relative to your original photo. Here, weve arranged
background here, but leaves the foreground largely unchanged. the screen with a left/right before/after split.
35
WATCH
VIDEO
www.bit.ly/
pmz63video
BEFORE
Grain and
Vignette effects
Adobe Camera Raws Effects panel has two more tools
that can add realistic analog atmosphere to your photos
odern digital cameras can capture scenes with a deliberately sabotage a sharp, clean digital image by making
M degree of precision, control and accuracy thats far

ahead of the capabilities of analog film. And yet
sometimes its the imperfections of film, and
it noisier and unevenly illuminated, the effects can be very
evocative, especially in black and white.
Adobe Camera Raws Grain effect is particularly
older film cameras, that we want to try to replicate. impressive. You can spend a lot of time trying to replicate
There are lots of film-effect plug-ins on the market that the look of grain using regular Photoshop tools, but its really
attempt to do that, and some pretty complex Photoshop hard to get the grain clumping to look random enough and
processes for authentically ageing a photo. In fact, though, soft enough to be realistic, and to make the edges of objects
there are two relatively simple tools in Adobe Camera Raw erode in the right way. But the Grain effect pulls if off
that can deliver something of that analog look in moments. brilliantly. And while the Post Crop Vignette effect offers
Were talking about the Grain and Post Crop Vignetting relatively simple controls, its quick to apply, easy to adjust
tools in the fx tab. And while it might seem perverse to and, like the Grain effect, completely reversible.
36
RAW FILE PROCESSING
1
Maximum Clarity!
2
Minimum contrast
If youd like to try this out on the same image, right- Boosting the clarity has also boosted the overall
click TYCC37 in Bridge and choose Open in Camera Raw contrast level and made it a little too high, so now push
from the menu. To give this vintage look a head start, push the Contrast slider down to -100. This is no time for half
the Clarity slider right up to +100. This gives the picture a lot measures! Our photo now has a strong, slightly desaturated
more punch thats reminiscent of traditional analogue films. look thats closer to a traditional film effect.
3
Grain settings
4
More grain
Now for the Grain effect in the fx panel. The Amount, But well take it just that little bit further so that
Size and Roughness sliders interact in way that can the grain effect is more pronounced. The grain size
look a little complicated and unpredictable at first, so start off doesnt need changing, but pushing both the Amount and the
by setting each slider to a value of 50. This gives an authentic Roughness values up to +75 gives the look of an old high-
medium/fine grain effect you can stop here if you like. speed colour film and with a realistic erosion of fine details.
5
Vignette effect
6
Midpoint, Roundness and Feather
Now we swap to the Post Crop Vignetting sliders to But there are ways to soften this up. First, push the
darken the edges of the picture and enhance the Feather slider to its maximum value to soften the
low-fi, low-light feel. At the standard settings, though, simply transition to darkness. Next, adjust the Midpoint slider to
reducing the Amount sliders value produces a rather crude control how far into the picture the vignette effect extends.
and obvious effect in the corners that just looks artificial. Last, use the Roundness slider to get a more circular shape.
37
WATCH
VIDEO
www.bit.ly/
pmz63video
BEFORE
Applying
lens corrections
Adobe Camera Raw can do much more than process
your digital negatives it can also correct optical defects
heres no such thing as the perfect lens. All lenses because Adobe Camera Raw can now identify the lens used to
T display some degree of distortion, corner shading

(vignetting) or chromatic aberration. Single focal
length prime lenses suffer less because they are
take a picture and apply a set of optical corrections tailored
specifically to that lens. It can fix with a single click all those
lens aberrations that have taxed lens makers for years.
optically simpler, but zoom lenses are much more complex, Thats not all. Adobe Camera Raws new Upright tool
and compromises in performance are inevitable, not least to can also correct perspective issues like converging verticals
keep the prices down to affordable levels. and skewed horizons, automatically. It works so well that it
Typically, a standard kit zoom lens will show some barrel could become the first tool you turn to when photographing
distortion at its widest setting, pincushion distortion at full buildings and landmarks. Its not completely foolproof, of
zoom, colour fringing around object outlines near the edge course, and there may be times when you can get better
of the frame and some degree of corner shading at wider results by adjusting the perspective manually our
lens apertures. An unavoidable fact of life? Not any more, walkthrough shows just how these lens corrections work.
38
RAW FILE PROCESSING
1
Open the sample image
2
Enable Lens Profile Correction
If youre browsing in Bridge, right-click the Now switch to the Lens Corrections tab. Select the
TYCC94.dng thumbnail to open it in Camera Raw. If you Profile panel and check the Enable Lens Profile
think the original looks a little dark (we did), click the Auto Correction box. Adobe Camera Raw should automatically
Tone button in the Basic tab. Its not connected with the lens find a match for your lens and any corner shading and barrel
corrections that come next, so this step is optional. or pincushion distortion should disappear.
3
Remove Chromatic Aberration
4
Upright correction
This isnt corrected by the lens profile, so you need Weve fixed the lenss aberrations, but we can correct
to switch to the Color panel and check this box the photos converging verticals too, and for this we
manually. Our original image (left) had some pretty obvious need the Manual panel and the Upright section. Clicking the
colour fringing around the edges of the church tower, but this Vertical button, second from the right, instantly straightens
correction removes it completely. the church tower using clever image analysis technology.
5
Doing it yourself
6
Manual cropping
You dont have to use these automatic tools. If you Before you crop off the edges, check the other manual
dont like the results from the previous step, undo sliders. Weve use the Rotate slider to correct a slight
the correction and use the Vertical slider manually. This will horizontal skew and the Aspect slider to correct some vertical
add empty wedges around the picture that will need to be foreshortening in the tower. Finally, choosing a crop ratio of
cropped off (you may get this with the Upright tools too). 3:2 preserves the original photos aspect ratio.
39
Exporting photos from

Camera Raw
Its not just about tweaking the tones and colours in raw files
Adobe Camera Raws export options go much further than that
amera Raw is much more than just For example, you can choose the colour space survive heavy tone and colour manipulation
C a half-way house between the raw

files you shoot with your camera
and being able to edit them fully in
for your converted images, and this can be
particularly important for photos that are
destined to be viewed online or printed in
later on as well as a 16-bit TIFF image.
Camera Raw is also a very effective batch
processing tool. You can open up a whole
Photoshop. Besides the purely visual books and magazines. folder full of photos at the same time, apply
alterations you can make to the picture, there You can also choose the bit depth of the the same adjustment settings to all of them
are some important technical settings behind images created by Camera Raw, along with and export converted image files to the same
the scenes which have a big impact on what the file format. A regular 8-bit JPEG image folder or a new location. Its not just a powerful
you can do with your picture later. is compact and easily transferred, but wont raw processor, but a real time-saver too.
What those conversion settings mean

Adobe Camera Raws export settings are easy to miss, but theyre really important!
4 DEPTH
2
8 Bits/Channel gives perfectly good
4 quality for images that arent going to
undergo much more manipulation, and
its the only choice for JPEG images. But
16 Bits/Channel produces images with
3 5 smoother tonal transitions that dont
break up so badly when heavily edited.
5 IMAGE SIZING
6 By default, Camera Raw will produce

an image with the same resolution as
the original raw file, but you can resize
images if you only need smaller versions
especially useful for batch processing.
6 OUTPUT SHARPENING
7 Useful if youre bypassing Photoshop
altogether and creating images to use
directly, either on-screen or in print (you
can choose Glossy or Matte paper).
1
7 SMART OBJECTS
Normally, youd want your converted

1 CURRENT SETTINGS 2 PRESETS 3 COLOUR SPACE photos to appear in Photoshop as
regular background image layers, but
This shows the current Camera Raw You may decide to stick with one set of Practically all devices support the sRGB this option will open them as a Smart
conversion settings. To change them, conversion settings, but if you find you colour space so its ideal for sharing Object instead. If you do this, youll be
just click the text. This opens the need different settings for different and online images. Adobe RGBs wider able to re-edit the Camera Raw settings
Workflow Options dialogue (above). jobs, you can create and save presets. colour space is better for printing. from within Photoshop.
40
RAW FILE PROCESSING
Batch processing with Camera Raw

If all you need is converted JPEG or TIFF files, Camera Raw can do it automatically
1 FILMSTRIP 4 SAVE IMAGES
Start by selecting all the raw files you want to convert in Adobe This button starts the image conversion process by calling up
Bridge, then right-click them and choose Open in Camera Raw the Save Options dialogue (you can bypass this by option-
from the menu. Camera Raw will now display a vertical filmstrip clicking the button). This includes all the settings in the
down the left side of the window showing all the open files. conversion settings dialogue, with additional key settings.
2 SELECTED IMAGE 5 DESTINATION AND FILE NAMING
You can edit all the images in the filmstrip individually Where do you want your newly-converted photos to be saved?
before carrying out the conversion process, or edit one and You can save them in the same location or browse to a new
synchronise your settings across the rest. This is especially folder. You can also specify new filenames using a combination
useful if youre carrying out white balance changes, say. of manual names, dates, letters and index numbers.
3 FILMSTRIP MENU 6 FORMAT AND BIT-DEPTH
This has option for selecting all the images in the filmstrip and Do you want JPEG files, TIFFs, DNGs or Photoshop files? This
synchronising adjustments across the whole batch, based on is where you choose, and it will affect the Quality/Compression
the settings applied to the currently selected image. In Camera and Depth choices below. For example, if you choose the TIFF
Raw 9.5.1, seen here, this menu also enables you to merge a set or Photoshop formats you can then specify 16-bit rather than
of images into a single panorama or HDR image. 8-bit files (you dont get this choice with JPEGs).
41
ESSENTIAL TOOLS GET THE FILES HERE: http://bit.ly/typs2016
42
ESSENTIAL TOOLS
Essential tools
Heal, patch and clone, dodge and burn, improve
composition and much more with the Tools panel
Introducing the Master Levels

44 Photoshop workspace
Photoshop is a complex and powerful
program, but its interface is designed to be as clean
and efficient as possible
56 in Photoshop
Checking the Levels is one of the first
steps in assessing and enhancing photos we explain
how it works and what to look for
Introducing the Master Curves

46 Photoshop Tools panel
Discover how to access and use
Photoshops comprehensive collection of image-
editing utilities in the Tools panel
58 in Photoshop
Discover how to use Curves, the
ultimate tool for tonal control, to add punch and
enhance portraits
How to use the Take control of Hue

48 Photoshop Crop tool
Images often need to be cropped to
improve their composition or to make them fit
common screen or paper sizes
60 and Saturation
A Hue/Saturation adjustment layer does
more than change the overall colour of your photos
you can use it to make precise, targeted adjustments
Image size and Convert colour photos

52 canvas size explained
Discover the crucial difference between
resizing and resampling, and why canvas size is not
the same as image size
62 to black and white
A Black and White adjustment layer
gives you full control over the way colours are
converted into shades of grey
The power of Take more control

54 adjustment layers
With adjustment layers, you can stack
up a whole series of image enhancements but keep
the option of changing your mind later
64 over your adjustments
Each adjustment layer you create in
Photoshop comes with a layer mask which you can
use to control the areas affected
43
Introducing the
Photoshop workspace
Get to know all of Photoshops key interface components, and
discover how they enable you edit and enhance your photographs
ince its debut in 1990, Photoshop Adobe has now created a whole slew of free Photoshop (such as the ability to make HDR
S has grown and developed to

maintain its role as the worlds
most popular image-editing
mobile image editing apps for smartphones
and tablets, including Photoshop Express,
Photoshop Fix and Photoshop Mix. These are
composites or use realistic paint brushes), but
it has most of the tone- and colour-tweaking
tools a photographer might need, as well as
application. Indeed, the name Photoshop has designed for quick image manipulation while many of the creative filters in Photoshop.
become synonymous with the act of digitally youre on the move. Next up is Photoshop Lightroom is Adobes pro image
processing a photograph. Although this book Photoshop Elements for regular desktop and organising and cataloguing tool and it has the
focuses on Photoshop CC and CS, well start laptop computers. This is a cut-down version same raw editing tools as Photoshops Camera
by placing this most expensive and powerful of Photoshop thats designed to help Raw, but it lacks the ability to edit in layers.
version in context with the other versions of amateur photographers organise, edit and Photoshop is still the go-to application in the
the Photoshop application so you can share their images. Elements lacks many of the Adobe photography family for advanced,
understand its strengths. more powerful and creative features found in in-depth image manipulation
44
ESSENTIAL TOOLS
Photoshop Anatomy The workspace

Get to know the key sections in Photoshops workspace
1 LAYERS PANEL
By editing in layers you can seamlessly combine

different elements together, such as the studio-based
6
model and the exterior street scene in this image. You 5
can also make non-destructive changes to the colours
3
and tones of an image using adjustment layers, as well
demonstrate in chapter 3.
2 LAYER MASKS 4
1
Layer masks are one of the most powerful tools in
Photoshop when it comes to making composites. The
black section of the mask makes the corresponding
pixels on the attached layer transparent. White pixels
create solid areas. You can fine-tune the affect of a
2
mask using a black or white brush.
3 TOOLS PANEL
Here youll find a host of tools designed to enable you

to edit or enhance your images. Selection tools such
as the Magic Wand enable you to isolate a subject from
the original background. Retouching tools such as the
Clone Stamp tool enable you to hide unwanted objects.
4 FLY-OUT PANEL 5 OPTIONS BAR 6 MENU BAR
The Photoshop interface takes up very little space, Once you choose a tool to work with, such as the Brush These drop-down menus enable you to use commands
despite the complexity and depth of its tools. Many tool in this example, youll be able to change the tools and access more tools and filters. You can also save
options and controls are displayed on these fly-out attributes in the Options bar. Here you can change the your edited files in a variety of formats (such as .jpg for
panels so that they can be left open for as long as opacity of the brush tip, its flow, the size, and the way web galleries), share them via Behance (Adobes online
theyre needed and then collapsed back into a small it blends with the colours and tones on other layers portfolio showcase) or choose to Browse in Bridge.
icon at the side of the screen. This is the Properties using Blend modes. Different tools display different You can even take JPEGs into the Camera Raw editor
panel for the Hue/Saturation adjustment layer. editable options. by using Filter>Camera Raw Filter.
JPEG AND RAW

Understanding 1 4
WORKSPACES
THE PHOTOSHOP 3 As youll see in this chapters

following pages, Bridge enables
WORKSPACE 2 you to manage both your
compressed JPEG format files and
your uncompressed raw format
files. To get the most from a raw
You can access analyse the spread
files colours and tones, it needs
particular panels and of tones in an image
to be processed in the Camera
commands from the to see if its over- or
Raw editor. This workspace is
main menu bar, but for under-exposed. By effectively a digital darkroom
a speedier workflow choosing Painting [3] that enables you to develop your
the Photoshop you can display the images. It has a range of selective
workspace [1] can be Brush Preset picker colour and tonal adjustment tools,
customised to suit and Color Swatch. Feel so you can process your pictures
your particular needs. free to experiment to perfection. You can then take
If youre into photo with the different the processed raw file into the
fixing then choose workspaces, because standard Photoshop workspace
Window>Workspace> they are a great way to to apply creative effects such as
Photography [2]. discover new features, filters, text or paint-like brush
This opens relevant and you can always go strokes, for example, using layer
panels such as the back to basics with the masks to restrict your changes to
Histogram, so you can Essentials [4] option. selected areas.
45
Introducing
the Tools panel
Discover how to access Photoshops comprehensive
collection of image-editing utilities in the Tools panel
traditional darkroom photographer to help us process a picture, or to crop them menus and sub-menus. The most useful tools
A had a suite of tools to call upon

when processing images, such as
bits of card that enabled selective
to improve composition, for example. In the
darkroom a photographer might use a brush
to paint over unwanted objects. We can mimic
are collected in the Tools panel, which youll
find on the left-hand side of the workspace.
This panel is docked to the edge as a single
lightening (dodging) or darkening (burning) of this challenging retouching task more easily vertical column, but you can undock it
parts of a picture. Other tools included an in Photoshops digital darkroom, thanks to and make it float closer to hand as a more
enlarger that equipped the photographer to features such as the Clone Stamp tool. compact two-column panel. Check out our
produce prints of specific sizes. Photoshop Photoshop has a wide range of image- annotation to get to know the key players in
has a vast suite of equivalent darkroom tools editing tools packed into panels and buried in the Tools panel.
At a glance Tools of the trade

Learn how to uncover more tools and discover the key components of the Tools panel
4 ZOOM TOOL
The side-by-side Zoom and Hand tools

1 work in conjunction with each other.
They enable you to zoom in and pan
around your picture to examine and edit
specific areas. Tap Z to summon the
2 Zoom tool or H to switch to the Hand.
Double click the Zoom tool to magnify
the image by 100%.
3
5 FOREGROUND COLOUR
4
The default foreground and background
colours in the Tools panel are black and
5 white. Click the black or white swatch to
change the colour. Press D to go back
to the default colours. These swatches
6 are useful for tasks such as painting on
layer masks.
6 SCREEN MODES
Click here to access the screen modes.

Full Screen mode hides all the panels so
you can focus on a clutter-free image.
1 EXPAND AND FLOAT 2 COMPARTMENTS 3 TOGGLE THE TOOLS Minimised panels will slide into view
when you move the cursor to the edges
Click this little icon to toggle between The Tools panel has 20 The Tools panel contains 66 tools. of the workspace. Press F to toggle
a long, single column of tools, or a compartments. To keep the panel at a Click and hold down the mouse on a between the screen modes.
shorter panel containing two columns. manageable size, many related tools compartment to reveal its contents,
You can also undock the panel. share a compartment. then click the tool you require.
46
ESSENTIAL TOOLS
Photoshop Anatomy The Options bar

Discover how to modify the behaviour of the currently active tool
2
3
5 6
1 TOOL PRESETS 4 MODE
After selecting a tool you can use the Options bar to edit You can click the Mode drop-down menu to change the way the
attributes and modify the way the tool behaves. Click the Tool brush tip behaves. By default our example tool (the Eraser) is
Preset picker to discover other versions of the selected tool. set to Brush, so it can paint with soft edges. You can change it to
You can save your own customised presets here too. a sharper Pencil mode, or even a square Block.
2 BRUSH PRESET PICKER 5 OPACITY
Many tools, like the Eraser, are brush-based. The Brush Preset This option enables you to reduce the intensity of the tool
picker in the Options bar enables you to quickly modify the size so you can perform more subtle edits. You can set a specific
and softness of the tools brush tip to change the way it alters percentage, click the little triangle icon to activate a slider, or
the pixels in the image. simply click and drag left or right on the Opacity label.
3 BRUSH PANEL 6 HISTORY
This icon opens the Brush panel. This does a similar job to Some tools have unique options, such as the Erasers Erase to
the Brush Preset picker, but you can change many more tool History box. This enables you to make a global adjustment to
attributes such as the texture and its scattering properties. the image. You can then tick this box and paint with the Eraser
The Brush panel has a tab that opens the Brush Preset picker. to remove the previously applied adjustments from specific
47
The crop tool

Maximise the potential of your photographs by
cropping them to improve their composition
n this Tool School, we look at the Crop tool. This the Crop tool to make the horizon run parallel with the
I tool has a lot to offer when it comes to making

shots look their best. It enables us to remove or
crop the edges of a photo to create a new
top and bottom of the frame. When preparing a shot for
printing, it can be a challenge to get a cropped shot to have
the same shape or aspect ratio as the other uncropped
composition or take out unwanted objects at the edges of the shots from your camera. This can be irritating if you want
frame, much as a traditional photographer would use a to include the photo in a gallery with non-cropped prints.
guillotine to trim photos after printing them. Well show you how to constrain the Crop tool to make the
When shooting on location, we may not have enough time cropped image have the same shape and proportions as the
to think about the best way to compose a scene, especially original. Well also get the Crop tool to resize a shot so that it
if were rushing from A to B. The Crop tool enables us to prints out with specific width and height dimensions and fits
reframe the photos subject matter at our leisure. into a standard off-the-shelf picture frame.
As well as removing distracting objects, the Crop tool also The Crop tool is located in a compartment at the top
allows us to correct common mistakes. For example, when section of the Tools panel, which reflects its status as a
shooting with the camera tilted at an angle youll create an frequently used item. It shares this compartment with the
uneven horizon. This can be as annoying as seeing a picture less useful Slice tools, which are designed to help web
hanging lop-sided on a wall. Well demonstrate how to use designers chop up a Photoshop document.
48
ESSENTIAL TOOLS
Improve composition
Discover how to use the Crop tools Overlay function to produce well-framed shots
ometimes we might flick
S through a series of shots

and only a few will stand out
as being of any real worth.
The odds are that the more aesthetically
pleasing shots will conform to the rule
of thirds. This is an artistic technique
that involves separating the frame into
nine equally sized boxes using a grid. By
placing certain subjects in these boxes,
or getting the grids intersecting lines
to overlap specific objects in the scene,
you can create a more pleasing and
balanced composition.
For example, you could have a hill in
the bottom third of the screen, a tree in
the middle third and sky at the top.
The tree could also overlap
intersecting horizontal and vertical grid
lines at the left of the frame, as in this
features main image on the previous
page. Professional photographers like
David Bailey zoom in to frame their
shots and crop out the top of their
subjects head, producing a tighter and
more intimate-looking portrait. We can
creatively crop a conventionally framed
portrait to make a more eye-catching
version with a square frame. Well show
you how to combine a constrained
aspect ratio with the Crop tools rule
of thirds overlay grid to create an
aesthetically pleasing portrait. BEFORE
Use the rule of thirds overlay
1
Draw a square
2
Get some balance
3
Creative cropping
Open a standard portrait. Grab the Crop In the Options bar, set Crop Guide Drag the crop window right to remove
tool. Hold down Shift to constrain the Overlay to Rule of Thirds. Drag inside half of the face. The positions of the
Crop tool and draw a perfectly square crop the crop window to make the intersecting remaining features still correspond to the
box. The areas that will be removed will lines overlap the eyes. Drag outside the crop rule of thirds. We have an eye, nose and
appear as a grey shield. The areas well keep window to rotate it, correcting the models mouth in the left third, hair in the middle
remain 100% visible. head tilt and creating a symmetrical portrait. and space at the right. Hit Enter.
49
Crop to correct
Tidy up problems like uneven horizons with these cropping techniques
s well as improving
A composition, the Crop tool

enables you to overcome
common problems. By
zooming out to capture this landscape,
we caught the edges of the lens hood at
the edges of the frame. Theres also
some vignetting at the top left.
When shooting from a moving boat
its harder to get the horizon looking
horizontal, and ours tilted downwards
towards the right.
To remove these problems, grab the
Crop tool from the Tools panel. Select
the entire image to start with. Turn on
the Rule of Thirds Overlay. Now hold
down Shift and this will constrain the
cropped shot to match the aspect ratio
the shape and proportions of the
original photo. Drag a corner handle to
tighten the crop window and remove
the lens hood and vignetted corner.
Drag inside the crop window to place
the rock in the bottom left corner.
Drag outside the crop box to rotate it
so that the horizon runs parallel with
a horizontal grid line.
If you send your photos off to be
printed at a particular size, you may
find that they come back cropped,
which ruins your careful composition.
Check out the guide below to cropping
and resizing with precision.
Resize your photos for printing
1
Choose a size
2
Change the orientation
3
Check the size
Open an image that youve processed By default, the preset will create To complete the crop, hit Enter or
and is ready to print. Click the Crop a portrait-oriented crop, but this click the tick icon on the Options
tool icon. Move up to the left of the Options particular image is in landscape format. bar. Go to Image>Image Size. Set the units to
bar and then click the Tool Preset pickers Click the Swaps Height and Width icon in inches. Youll see that the shot is precisely 7
triangular fly-out icon. Select the Crop 5 the Options bar to correct this. Click and inches wide by 5 inches high, with a
inch x 7 inch 300 ppi preset. drag to crop the image. resolution of 300 pixels per inch.
50
ESSENTIAL TOOLS
Photoshop Anatomy Crop tool options

Learn how to get the most out of this invaluable tool
1
2 5
4
3
1 TOOL PRESET PICKER 4 OPACITY AND COLOR

6
You can use these presets to make the Crop Reduce the opacity setting to make the contents of the
tool resize the cropped image to fit specific shielded areas more visible. You can change the colour
dimensions and resolutions. of the shield, too.
2 QUICK SWAP 5 PERSPECTIVE
Click this icon to swap a presets When cropping photos of architecture, you can use
width and height so that you can perform this option to manually straighten converging verticals
portrait or landscape-oriented crops. at the same time.
3 OVERLAY 6 TOOL COMPARTMENT
Click here to add a composition-friendly The Crop tool hangs out in the Tools panel with
rule of thirds grid to the Crop box, or a more the less useful Slice tools. Press Shift+C to cycle
conventional grid. between them.
CHANGE THE SHIELD

Understanding PROPERTIES
THE CROP TOOL The areas outside the crop window

are greyed out by a shield, which
helps you focus on what will
3 remain once youve cropped it. If
1 you want to hide the preview of the
After selecting the to see cropped
cropped areas entirely, you can
Crop tool from the areas by changing
change the opacity of the shield
Tools panel, click and the shield colour
overlay to 100%. It will become
drag to start drawing [3] and reducing its 2 black and solid.
a crop box [1]. Use the opacity. To apply the
overlay to add a handy crop to your photo, hit
rule of thirds grid [2] Enter or click the tick
to help you create a in the Options
more aesthetically bar. Alternatively,
pleasing composition. click another tool
By default, cropped in the Tools panel
areas appear as a dark and Photoshop will 4
grey colour, which can ask you if you want
make it hard to spot to complete the
content especially in crop before it gives
monochrome shots. you access to the
You can make it easier other tool [4].
51
Image and canvas

size explained
These are two essential settings which can also be two major
causes of confusion! Heres what you need to know
hen youre preparing your photos Resizing is a non-destructive process that a web page only 1,024 pixels across! This is
W for printing its easy to get caught

up in the confusing array of
options for width and height,
simply changes the size at which the pixels
will be reproduced. Its completely reversible
and doesnt actually change the image itself.
where you need to use Photoshops resam-
pling options to reduce the number of pixels.
Resampling is an irreversible destructive
percentages, pixel dimensions, resolution and This is what you use to create different-sized process because it permanently changes the
resampling. Its just as difficult when you prints from within Photoshop. pixels in the photo, so you need to make sure
need to resize photos for use online. But when youre creating images for online you work on a copy, not the original photo.
The key concept to keep in mind at all use you need to work directly in pixels. You But dont worry our annotation opposite
times, though, is resizing versus resampling. cant display a 6,000 x 4,000 pixel photo on explains the Image Size dialogue in detail.
Canvas Size settings and what they mean

Its right next to Image Size on the Edit menu, but the Canvas Size is not the same thing
4 RELATIVE SIZES
If you leave this unchecked, the values

1 you type into the Width and Height
boxes will set the absolute canvas size.
2 If you check this box, you type in the
amounts you want to add to the current
size, which is often the easiest option if
3 youre adding a border, for example.
5 ANCHOR GADGET
If you leave the centre box selected the

4 5 extra canvas area is extended equally
around the image, but you can extend
the canvas from the left, right, top or
bottom or from any of the four corners.
6 CANVAS COLOUR
This is where you choose the colour for

6 the canvas extension. In our example
weve chosen black to create a black
7 border around this photograph.
7 EXTENDED CANVAS
The image canvas is the pasteboard

1 CURRENT SIZE 2 WIDTH AND HEIGHT 3 SIZE UNITS the image sits on. Normally its the
same size as the photo itself, but when
This section shows you your photos If you increase the canvas size you You can set the new canvas size in you increase the canvas size, it becomes
current size, and the units of create empty (background) space percentage values, pixels, inches and visible around the photo. If you want to
measurement are the same as those around the photo. If you reduce it, you other units pixels and percentages separate the photo from the canvas,
you choose in the New Size section. crop off the edges of the picture. tend to be the most useful. convert the photo to a layer first.
52
How to use the Image Size dialogue

Resampling vs resizing: whats the difference and why is it so important?
2 3
1 IMAGE SIZE (MB) 4 WIDTH AND HEIGHT
This is for information only. It tells you the image file size in its You dont have to resample a photo to make it print at different
uncompressed form, but JPEGs, TIFFs and Photoshop files use sizes, though. Instead, leave the Resample box unchecked and
compression to reduce the file size. Its useful for checking how type in the width or height you want into either of these fields
much difference resizing the image will make, though. the chainlink indicates the aspect ratio is locked.
2 DIMENSIONS 5 RESOLUTION
If you leave the Resample box unchecked, this too is for When the Resample box is unchecked, Photoshop achieves the
information only. It will display the current image size according dimensions you ask for by adjusting the resolution. Dont worry
to the units of measurement you choose for the Width and about making your prints 300dpi in Photoshop thats just an
Height settings in the section below. arbitrary measure for good print quality.
3 FIT TO MENU 6 RESAMPLE CHECKBOX AND MENU
This offers preset image sizes for different purposes including This is the box that should ring alarm bells. When its checked,
on-screen display (the top section), regular office paper sizes Photoshop will permanently change the number of pixels in the
(the next section) and common photo print sizes (the section photo, so make sure youre working on a copy. The drop-down
below). These presets will automatically check the Resample menu lets you choose different resampling methods according
box because they need to change the number of pixels. to whether youre increasing or reducing the pixel dimensions.
53
BEFORE
The power of
adjustment layers
With adjustment layers you can stack up as many
reversible, non-destructive image adjustments as you like
nce, every adjustment you made to your images in with them and remain fully editable. The only time their
O Photoshop was applied directly to the pixels in

your photo. There was no going back, at least not
without duplicating layers, using the History
effect is made permanent is when you save a copy of your
image in another file format.
Adjustment layers are versatile. You can turn them on
panel, or reverting to a backup. and off to compare the edited image with the original. You
But the introduction of adjustment layers changed all can reduce their opacity to dial down the strength of the
that. Adjustment layers merely change the appearance of adjustment. You can also produce selective colour or tonal
the layer(s) below without modifying any of the pixels. You adjustments by painting on an adjustment layers mask,
can change an adjustment layers settings long after youve enabling you to fine-tune which areas are being altered.
created it and you can stack adjustment layers to produce So while its still possible to apply levels and curves
cumulative editing effects. If you save your images in the adjustments, for example, directly to an image layer, why
Photoshop (.psd) format, the adjustment layers are saved would you? Adjustment layers give you much more control.
54
ESSENTIAL TOOLS
1
Add an adjustment layer
2
Brightness and Contrast
Open TYCC17.jpg. This landscape has rather dull tones Very quickly we can make our picture look better by
and its a good subject for a whole series of adjustments. increasing the Brightness and reducing the Contrast.
If you open the Layers panel youll see just one Background By the way, Photoshops Brightness/Contrast controls used
layer containing the photo. Click the adjustment layer button to be pretty crude, but theyre much better now. They look
at the bottom of the panel and chose Brightness/Contrast. simplistic, but theyre actually very effective.
3
Adding a Vibrance layer
4
And a Photo Filter
You can now see the new adjustment layer added You can see the Vibrance adjustment layers been
above the Background image in the Layers panel. But added at the top of the Layers panel and weve moved
fixing the brightness and contrast has made it obvious that its Properties panel over to the left of the screen so that it
this picture has a serious lack of colour saturation, and the doesnt get in the way. Increasing the Vibrance and Saturation
solution is to add a Vibrance adjustment layer has helped, but were going to finish with a Photo Filter
5
Everything can still be changed
6
The layer order is important
This Photo Filter layer has been added at the top of You can drag adjustment layers up and down in the
the Layers panel, and its given our image a subtle, Layers panel to change their order, but be aware that it
warm look. So now we have three adjustment layers stacked can change the overall effect. Here, for example, moving the
on top of each other, but we can still go back and change the Vibrance layer above the Photo Filter layer means that the
Brightness/Contrast layer, say, to modify the overall effect. Photo Filters warming effect has been exaggerated.
55
BEFORE
Basic fixes with

a levels layer
Levels adjustments offer a great rst step for diagnosing
and then xing issues with your pictures tonal range
evels adjustments dont look terribly sophisticated By default, levels adjustments are applied equally to the red,
L when you compare them with what you can do

with a curves adjustment layer, but they are a
really quick and easy way to optimise your image
green and blue colour channels, but they can also be altered
individually levels are handy for colour corrections, too.
Youll notice that were creating a levels adjustment layer
ahead of any more detailed work. Often, its only when youve rather than applying levels directly to the image layer. There
got the levels right that you can properly see what to do next. are lots of good reasons for doing it this way. One is that your
The key to this is the histogram display in the levels panel. adjustments will be non-destructive you can go back and
From this you can tell whether your image has a full range of change them later. Another is that adjustment layers come
tones. If not, you can drag the black point and white point with layer masks, so that you can manually mask out areas
sliders underneath to line up the left and right edges of the of your photo which you want left alone. Well cover layer
histogram. Our walkthrough, opposite, shows how this works masks in a later chapter, but for now well demonstrate not
on a real-life image and some of the hidden depth of levels! one but three different approaches to levels adjustments
56
ESSENTIAL TOOLS
1
Use the histogram as a guide
2
Be careful with the highlights
Open TYCC95.jpg if youd like to follow this process Now do the same with the white point slider on the
with the image were working on here. First, create a new right, dragging it to the left to line up with the right
levels adjustment layer. Youll see that the left-hand (shadow) edge of the histogram. This is the usual method for opti-
end of the histogram doesnt go all the way to a full black, so mising image levels, but this image still lacks contrast even
drag the black point slider to the right to meet it. though, technically, it now has a full tonal range.
3
Alt-drag the black point slider
4
Alt-drag the white point slider
The problem is that were preserving extreme shadow You can do the same with the white point slider. Nor-
and highlight detail without knowing whether its im- mally, you wouldnt want to clip any highlight detail
portant. Instead, hold down the alt key as you drag the black at all, but we can afford to lose detail in the highly reflective
point slider. Now you can see where the image will go to a chromework in this car. This different alt-dragging approach
solid black and which areas you can afford to lose. is an improvement, but the pictures still a little weak
5
Use the eyedroppers
6
Adjust the mid-point (brightness)
So heres a third approach which doesnt involve the The eyedroppers dont just set the upper and lower
black and white point sliders at all. Instead, you use brightness values, they neutralise the deepest blacks,
the black point, white point and middle grey point eyedrop- brightest whites and midtone greys too, adding a colour
pers to click an area you want to be a solid black, a solid white correction effect. And for a final adjustment we can move the
area and a neutral grey tone, like the tarmac near the car. mid-point slider to the right to darken the image a little.
57
BEFORE
Master Curves
in Photoshop WATCH
VIDEO
www.bit.ly/
Use Curves, the ultimate tool for tonal control, pmz63video
to add punch and enhance portraits
1
Add punch
2
Tweak the colours
Add a Curves Adjustment layer, then drag the top part Add a Curves layer, then choose Blue from the drop-
of the curve upwards to lighten the image. Click the down menu. Drag the bottom-left point upwards to
bottom of the curve to add a second anchor point, then drag add blue to the shadows, and the top-right point down to add
this point downwards to darken shadows. yellow to the highlights.
58
ESSENTIAL TOOLS
Photoshop Anatomy The Curves controls

Use these Curves controls to bring your images to life
TONE CURVE 3 COLOUR CHANNELS
Camera Raw has its An upwards drag on the red line adds
own version of the red while down adds cyan; up on the
Curves command: blue channel adds blue and down adds
called the Tone Curve, yellow; up on the green line adds green
it works in much the and down adds magenta. Try dragging
same way. Raw files the very top or bottom of the channel lines
are usually a little flat, to add subtle colour shifts to highlights
so will often benefit and shadows.
from increased punch. 3
1
4 S-CURVE
1 NEUTRAL GREY
The S-shaped curve is a classic Curves
EYEDROPPER
technique for boosting contrast and
colour saturation, lending much-
Grab the neutral grey eyedropper and 4 needed punch to flat images. The more
click a point in an image you know should pronounced the S-shape is, the more the
be grey; then all the other colours will re- image will pop.
map around this new grey point.
2 THE CURVE LINE 5 WHITE AND

BLACK POINTS
The diagonal line can be dragged up or
down to lighten or darken the image. Hold Alt and drag the White and Black
Each point you click creates an anchor. point sliders, and your display will change
Its important where you place a point, to show clipped pixels as you drag. In
because this determines which part of the general, its best to drag the black point
tonal range you wish to change. Towards 5 inwards until you see a few black areas
the left will target shadow tones, and the appear, and drag the white point inwards
right will change highlights. until the point just before pixels appear.
Understanding 3
2
CURVES
ADJUSTMENT
4
LAYERS
Add Curves as an possible to highlight the
adjustment layer via layers mask [4] and
the Create adjustment paint with white or black
layer icon [1]. This gives to apply the Curves edit 5
you lots of layer-based to specific parts of an
options. You can lower image. If youre working
the layer opacity to in a multi-layered
tone down the effect document and you want
[2] or change the the Curves layer to affect 1
blending mode [3]. only the image layer
For example, a switch directly below it (rather
to Luminosity allows than all the layers below),
you to add contrast Alt-click the line between
without affecting colour the two layers to clip the
saturation. Its also adjustment [5].
59
BEFORE
WATCH
VIDEO
www.bit.ly/
pmz63video
Selective Hue/
Saturation tweaks
A Hue/Saturation adjustment layer gives you rather more
control over colour rendition than you might think at rst
olour adjustments are central to much of the and the saturation slider appears to offer no particular
C photo enhancement work we do in Photoshop, and

much of the time we simply want more! One way
of doing this is with a Vibrance adjustment layer
advantage over the version in the Vibrance panel.
However, the Hue/Saturation panel has hidden depths. By
default, it adjusts your images Master channel, modifying
which actually has two sliders, one for Vibrance and one all colours equally. Often, though, you want to enhance or
for Saturation. The saturation slider is a pretty crude tool modify just one or two colours, and by different amounts,
which increases all colours equally, while Vibrance is more and you can do this by opening the drop-down menu and
sophisticated and strengthens weaker colours more. choosing a specific colour range.
But neither offers any control over individual colours, and This simple trick reveals enormous power! You can change
for this you need a Hue/Saturation adjustment layer. Now the colour of green leaves or a blue sky or a red coat in
at first sight this doesnt appear to be very helpful because moments, and without the need for complicated selections
it simply offers global hue, saturation and lightness sliders and masks. Our tutorial shows how this process works.
60
ESSENTIAL TOOLS
1
Add a Hue/Saturation layer
2
Increase the saturation
You can follow this tutorial with the same image as ours Usually, the only adjustment you apply with a Hue/
by opening TYCC96.jpg from our set of sample images. Saturation layer is the saturation value. Changing the
The first step is to add a Hue/Saturation adjustment layer, hue shifts the colours wholesale, and there are better ways of
and you can do this using the drop-down adjustment layers changing the colours in Photoshop, and the lightness slider is
menu at the bottom of the Layers panel. a very poor way of changing the overall image brightness.
3
Choose the greens
4
Fine-tune with the eyedropper
We had to stop at a saturation value of +20 in the So now any hue/saturation adjustments will only
previous step because the reds and yellows in the apply to green tones in the picture, but this is a
flowers were starting to fill. The green tones are still weak, generic colour range and we need to tighten it up a little using
though and the answer lies in the drop-down colour range the panels eyedropper tool and then clicking on one of the
menu. Its set to Master by default, but we need Greens green leaves. This makes our colour selection more precise.
5
Adjust the greens
6
Tweak the colour range
Now we can really bring out the colour of the leaves Sometimes the colour selection leaves out parts of the
but without affecting the flowers. Shifting the hue image you meant to include or strays into similar tones
value to +10 makes the leaves look a little greener and fresher, that should be left alone. If so, you can drag the bars in the
reducing the lightness to -80 darkens them down a little and colour selection gadget the inner bars control the colour
pushing the saturation up to +79 makes them more intense. range and the outer bars feather this selected range.
61
WATCH
VIDEO
www.bit.ly/
pmz63video
BEFORE
Convert colour
photos to mono
In black and white photography, colour is crucial or at
least how different colours are converted to grey tones
lack and white photography shows no signs of brightness values of the colours in the photo as they are
B dying away. In fact, its become a mainstream

creative choice for photographers attempting to
capture the world in a dramatic or timeless way.
translated into shades of grey.
In the old days, this would be achieved using Photoshops
Channel Mixer tools, but these only offered adjustments
But creating a successful black and white image isnt as for the red, green and blue channels, whereas Black & White
simple as just removing the colour information, because the adjustment layers have sliders for six colour: reds, yellows,
way different colours translate into different shades of grey greens, cyans, blues and magentas.
makes a massive difference to the finished picture. Youll notice that were using a 16-bit sample image to get
In the days of film you would control this using different- the best quality. This is important when your final image
coloured contrast filters on the lens. These days, you can relies heavily on individual colour channels in the photo.
do it using a Black & White adjustment layer in Photoshop. Remember the only way to get a 16-bit image is to shoot
With this, you can control the relative strengths and hence raw. This is one time when JPEGs wont do.
62
ESSENTIAL TOOLS
1
Check the bit depth
2
Default mono conversion
You can follow this tutorial by opening our TYCC97.tif Now open the adjustment layer drop-down at the
sample image. Weve supplied this as a TIFF file rather bottom of the Layers panel and add a Black & White
than a JPEG because mono conversions like this work much adjustment layer. At the default settings youll see that the
better on 16-bit images. With 8-bit images you quickly get colour mix isnt exactly even. Some colours (yellow, magenta
banding effects and other artefacts. and cyan) are made stronger and hence lighter than others.
3
Red filter effect
4
Blue filter effect
The default colour mix will probably work well with Compare this with the Blue Filter effect! Because
many images, but for landscapes in particular its defi- blues are now made lighter, the sky and the water have
nitely worth trying some alternatives from the drop-down a brighter tone, while the yellows and greens in the hills (on
Preset menu. The Red Filter effect, for example, makes the the opposite side of the colour wheel) are much darker. This
blue sky and lake darker and the green hills lighter. shows the importance of colour filtration in black and white.
5
Manual adjustments
6
Adding a tint
Once youve found a preset that gets close to the look Many photographers like the look of toned black and
you want, you can fine-tune the sliders to finish the white prints, and you can achieve that effect here by
job. Here, weve increased the contrast and drama in this checking the Tint box and then the colour swatch just to the
landscape by making the cyans and blues darker still and right. This opens the Color Picker, where you choose the tint
slightly lightening the reds and yellows. hue and its strength subtle tints are almost always better.
63
Adjustment layer
masks in action
Discover how to modify an adjustment layers mask to
modify selected areas only rather than the whole photo
ayer masks are a powerful tool because they enable
BEFORE
L you to modify selections made by Photoshops
selection tools until they are perfect. By painting
white or black strokes on a mask you can show or
hide pixels on the image layer the mask is attached to. This
enables you to hide an unwanted sky, for example, and show
through a more interesting one on another layer underneath.
But layer masks are also invaluable when it comes to
common image adjustments in fact, every adjustment layer
you create comes with a ready to use layer mask.
In the case of our starting image here we need to darken
the over-exposed sky with a Levels adjustment layer to reveal
missing detail and colour. However, this will plunge the
correctly exposed foreground rocks into silhouette. We can
apply black paint to specific sections of the mask so that it
only darkens the sky.
Like image layer masks, an adjustment layers mask is non-
destructive, so you can modify it using a range of tools and
techniques until the masking for the adjustment is perfect.
1
Create an adjustment layer
2
Darken the sky
Open the TYCC43.jpg starting image. Due to the In the adjustment layer panel, weve dragged the black
contrasting lighting conditions the camera has metered point slider right across to the right to darken the sky.
to expose for the rocks, so the sky is over-exposed. To restore This clips all the darker information in the rocks so that
sky detail, choose Layer>New Adjustment Layer>Levels. Click they come out as a near solid black, but that doesnt matter
OK. A Levels adjustment layer will appear in the Layers panel. because of what were going to do next
64
ESSENTIAL TOOLS
3
Mask the rocks
4
Subtle is best
We need to select the layer mask thumbnail in the And here you can see the result. The sky is darkened
Layers panel to edit it and you can alt/ctrl-click the nicely, and by using the gradient tool weve blended
mask to show it directly. Weve added a black-white gradient this darkening effect subtly with the rest of the photo just
on a slight diagonal so that the black area masks the rocks like using a graduated filter on the camera. Often, a subtly
from the Levels adjustments weve made. blended mask will look more natural than hard selections.
65
GET CREATIVE WITH LAYERS GET THE FILES HERE: http://bit.ly/typs2016
66
GET CREATIVE WITH LAYERS
Get creative
with layers
Discover how to enhance and transform your
pictures using Photoshops most powerful feature
Introducing the Organise your

68 Layers panel
The Layers panel is central to most
creative photo projects. Heres how to get to grips
with this essential tool
78 layers efficiently
Work faster with your image layers using
these easy techniques for keeping the
Layers panel organised
Discover Photoshops Add special effects

70 Transform tools
Once your images are on layers, you can
use the Transform tools to move them, scale them,
rotate and distort them in creative ways
80 using Layer Styles
Enhance your photos with embossed
text using a Layer Style to add simulated depth
and lighting effects
Be creative with
74 Blend modes
Discover the special effects you can create
in moments by mixing different images together
using one of Photoshops 27 Blend modes
67
Introducing
the Layers panel
The Layers panel is central to most creative photo projects.
Heres how to get to grips with this essential tool
hen Photoshop appeared back in work. By pasting copied pixels onto a separate that contains copied and pasted content from
W 1990, it lacked the ability to edit

using layers. You could select and
copy pixels from one image and
layer, you could reposition the layers content
at any time, and fine-tune the layout of your
design with ease. You could also edit the
three separate source images. By placing
the mountain and tree on individual layers,
we can move, scale and transform them to
paste them into another to create a montage. colours and tones on individual layers, which produce an island levitating against an ocean
However, once youd pasted an object, you provided more freedom and control. backdrop on the background layer.
couldnt reposition it later on. The composite Layers behave like a stack of transparent Layers can be modified to change the way
image was flat. sheets. You can add content to each of the they mix. Blend modes alter the way colours
It wasnt until the release of Photoshop 3.0 separate sheets in the stack, and see them and tones in multiple layers combine. You can
in 1994 that the Layers panel appeared. This from above as a composite image. In our also mix layer content by changing a layers
revolutionised the way image editors could annotated image we have a layered project opacity so that its pixels are translucent.
68
Photoshop Anatomy The Layers panel

Get to know the key features of the versatile Layers panel
1 FLOATING PANEL
1
Like our levitating island, the Layers panel can float
anywhere in the workspace so that its closer to hand. 4
Just click its tab and drag it out of the panel dock. You
can drag it back to the dock later. 5
2 LOCKED LAYER 7
When you first open a photograph youll see a single

locked Background layer. You can double click the 6
layers thumbnail to unlock it, or select and copy its
content onto a separate layer, as weve done here. 3
3 LAYER TRANSPARENCY
Each layer thumbnail provides a preview of the

contents of the associated layer. Here weve copied a
mountain and pasted it into this layer. The transparent
sections of the layer are indicated by a pattern.
4 OPACITY
Once youve clicked a thumbnail to target the specific 2

layer you want to edit, you can adjust its opacity to
make it translucent. We reduced the opacity of Layer 3
to help the painted shadow overlap the ocean.
5 BLEND MODE 6 LAYER MASKS 7 ADJUSTMENT LAYERS
By changing Layer 3s Blend mode to Overlay, we were By applying black to a layer mask you can hide the These useful layer-based tools enable you to change
able to make the painted shadow darken the oceans corresponding pixels on the attached layer. Here weve the colours and tones on the layers below. You can click
colours while preserving the lighter tones. This helps hidden some of the edges of the mountain to help it the eye icon on any layer or adjustment layer to turn
the shadow behave in a more realistic way. Youll use blend more effectively with the tree. White strokes on the layer on or off. Well look at adjustment layers in
the Overlay Blend mode more than most others. the mask enable you to reveal hidden content. more detail in the next tutorial.
Understanding 1
LAYERS PANEL 2
OPTIONS
To fine-tune the way size if youre editing a
the Layers panel looks multi-layered project
and behaves, click on a small display. Its
this little fly-out icon usually worth setting
[1] at the top right of Thumbnail Contents to
the panel and choose Layer Bounds [4]. This
Panel Options from causes the thumbnail
the pop-up menu. to display any
The Layers panel contents on the layer,
Options window such as a small brush
3
will appear [2]. For stoke, without showing
much larger and all of the surrounding
easier-to-recognise transparent pixels,
thumbnails, click which would make it
here [3]. Or choose harder to identify in 4
a smaller thumbnail the layer stack.
69
Transform tools
Distort, scale, rotate and even warp layer content
with the Transform commands suite of tools
his lesson we look at a set of Photoshop tools that command, you can drag various control points to scale, rotate
T are designed to help you perform a wide range of

everyday edits. All the Transform tools work in a
similar way they enable you to reposition some
or distort the content to suit your creative requirements.
The Perspective tool mirrors the positions of the corner
control handles to equally transform horizontal or vertical
or all of the pixels that make up your image to produce a perspective. This enables you to correct perspectival
variety of results. The Transform tools are Photoshops basic distortion without rummaging around in the Lens Correction
infantry. Each member of the Transform platoon moves a filter. Well put the Perspective Transform tool through its
pictures pixels around, but in a variety of ways. paces later in this Tool School. The Distort tool lacks the
Stationed in the Edit>Transform menu, different constraints of the Perspective tool, enabling you to drag any
Transform commands can be deployed depending on the task of the bounding boxs nine control handles to dramatically
in hand. If youre compositing elements from one shot with distort the layers content.
another then you can use Transform>Scale to shrink a layers To help you transform with more precision, you can
components to fit the new background. You can change the refer to a collection of boxes in the Options bar. These
angle of a layers component using Transform>Rotate. show a variety of attributes like the Width or Height of
When you apply a Transform command, a bounding box the transformation or even the X and Y coordinates of the
will appear around the layers content. Depending on the Transform commands central pivot point.
70
Take to the skies!

Create an action-packed aerial dogfight by combining a variety of cut-out images
y transforming your source
B files, you can alter the

appearance of reality in really
creative ways. By shooting
the same two planes a few times, we
were able to add them to separate layers
and transform their scale, position and
angle of rotation to create two warring
factions engaged in a fight to the death.
Well show you how to apply various
Transform commands in our step-
by-step walkthrough below. However,
before you start to transform a plane
youll need to isolate it from its original
background. Open an aeroplane photo
and double click the Background layers
thumbnail. Grab the Magic Wand tool
and set it to a Tolerance of 35. Tick
Contiguous. Shift-click to select all
bits of sky including those between the
wings. Choose Select>Inverse. Click the
Add layer mask icon to hide the blue
sky. Paint with a black brush on the
mask to remove any remaining blue sky
pixels. Apply a white brush to the mask
to restore any missing blue paintwork
on the planes tail. Right click the layer
mask and choose Apply Layer Mask.
Press Cmd/Ctrl+J to duplicate the
layer. Use Filter>Blur>Motion Blur to
add blur to the top layer. Paint on a
new layer mask to blend the blurred
plane with the original. Then choose
Layer>Merge Visible.
Transform the layer content
1
Move transform
2
Rotate transform
3
Scale transform
Once youve isolated your subject, Use the Move tool to move it into Click the corner handle to scale
choose Select>All and then Edit>Copy. position. Tick the Show Transform the plane. Hold down Shift to
Open an aerial background and then Controls option. Place the cursor outside the constrain the proportions and drag the
Edit>Paste the copied plane into it. Use the bounding box to activate the Rotate corner handle to scale the plane by about
Move tool to drag it left and down. Add Transform tool. The cursor will change. Drag 62%. Add and transform more aeroplanes
another aeroplane to the document. to rotate the plane 27 degrees. Hit Enter. using the same techniques.
71
Perspective transformations
Simple tips to correct perspectival distortion and straighten skewed edges
ost buildings have vertical
M walls that extend at a

90-degree angle from the
ground. However, in some
architectural photos the walls appear
wider apart at the ground, but tilt
inwards towards the top. These
converging vertical lines are created by
perspectival distortion. As you get
closer to a building, you need to tilt
your camera to get the top of the
structure in shot. This increases
perspectival distortion.
To avoid these converging vertical
lines you could try shooting your
subject from a more distant vantage
point, so you no longer need to tilt
the camera upwards. This will help
the subjects walls to run parallel with
the edges of the frame. Fortunately,
Photoshops Perspective Transform
command enables you to counteract
perspectival distortion.
However, by distorting
the shot you can end
up creating transparent BEFORE
areas in lower corners.
You can crop out most
of these transparent
edges or use the Distort
command to stretch the
edge pixels over them.
See the tutorial below.
Vertical verticals
1
Extend the canvas
2
Correct perspective
3
Crop and rotate
Open a photo of a building. Before we Double click the Background layer. Crop the transparent areas at the
straighten the converging verticals, well Choose Edit>Transform>Perspective. bottom of the corrected image. Drag
need to make some space at the top of the Drag the top left control handle left to outside the box to rotate and straighten the
frame. Go to Image>Canvas Size and increase straighten the top of the building. Drag the wonky horizontal lines. Hit Enter. Finally,
the size of the canvas. Set the Canvas bottom left control handle right until the use Edit>Transform>Distort to fine-tune the
Extension Color to White. Click OK. walls run parallel to the frame edge. edges of the frame.
72
Photoshop Anatomy Transform command

Here are the key Transform commands in action on the same rectangular shape
2 3
7
5 8
6
1 SCALE 3 SKEW 5 PERSPECTIVE 7 ROTATE
Choose Edit>Transform>Scale and then Choose Edit>Transform>Skew to Choose Select>Transform>Perspective. There are three fixed value Rotate
drag a corner handle to shrink or enlarge activate this option. You can then skew Drag a corner handle and the opposite options. Here weve rotated the
a layers content. the shape left or right. handle will move by the same value. shape 90 degrees clockwise.
2 ROTATE 4 DISTORT 6 WARP 8 FLIP
Choose Edit>Transform>Rotate. Drag Choose Select>Transform>Distort and Choose Edit>Transform>Warp. Drag the The Edit>Transform>Flip command
outside the bounding box to rotate a then drag any of the boxs control handles to curve the shape and produce enables you to flip the shape
layers (or selections) content. handles to move them independently. organic-looking transformations. horizontally or vertically.
Understanding
THE TRANSFORM OPTIONS 7
1 2 3 4 5 6
Each transformation occurs around the reference point to pivot the H fields shown here [3] enable you reference point by a precise
a reference point that acts like a shape from any of the corners, to scale a shapes width and height angle. These H and V fields [6]
pivot. By default, this reference the top, bottom or side, instead of with precision. enable you to use numerical
point is always located at the centre the centre. The X and Y fields [2] You can click the chain icon [4] to values to skew a shape horizontally
of any shape that you select. You tell you the horizontal and vertical constrain the transformed shapes or vertically. Click here [7] to
can click the appropriate square position of the transformed aspect ratio. This field [5] enables activate the Warp transform
here [1] to change the location of objects reference point. The W and you to rotate a shape around the controls, if necessary.
73
BEFORE
Be creative with
blending modes
Discover the special effects you can create in moments
by mixing different images together using blending modes
he blending mode drop-down menu that sits near colours and tones of a rusty metallic texture with a butterfly
T the top-left corner of the Layers panel is a

powerful addition to the Photoshop users toolbox.
By changing the blending mode of a layer, you can
collage. We also used the Lighten blending mode to add a
hint of fog to the canal background. As the following guide
shows, there are 27 blending modes in total. Weve applied
alter the way that it interacts with the layers beneath it. This each one to the same butterfly layer to show how it mixes the
enables you to blend layers for creative effect, such as using butterfly layer with the texture layer below. As you can see,
an abstract texture to age an image. The image above was theres a wide variety of effects to experiment with, and the
tinted and aged using a Hard Light blending mode to mix the results will vary depending on the contents of your layers.
74
Normal Dissolve Darken

The default mode shows every pixel on the layer Mixes translucent pixels from the top layer with Lighter pixels on the top layer are replaced by
normally, without any blending of the layers. colours and tones on the layers below. The the colours and tones from the layer below, while
This means that the layers below the butterfly butterflys feathered edge is translucent, so the darker pixels remain unchanged. The darker rust
layer have no effect on the butterfly. effect is most noticeable in these areas. from the layer below shows through.
Multiply Color Burn Linear Burn

Multiplies colours in the top layer with those This blending mode increases the contrast Lowers the brightness of the layers underneath to
underneath. Colours on the top layer that are between the tones on each layer. Light pixels on reflect the colours of the top layer. As with Color
lighter (such as the butterflys white patterns) are the top layer make no change to the colours and Burn, lighter pixels on the top layer produce no
replaced with pixels from the lower layer. tones on the layer below. change to the colours or tones on the layer below.
Darker Color Lighten Screen

Examines the colour information and selects Produces the opposite result of Darken. Any Works out the inverse of the top layers colours
either the top layers colour or the colours on colours on the top layer that are lighter than the and multiplies it with those on the layer below.
the layer below whichever is darker as the colours underneath will remain visible, such as It tends to do the opposite of the Multiply mode
resulting colours. the white streaks on the butterflys wing. and lightens tones.
75
Color Dodge Linear Dodge (Add) Lighter Color

Causes lighter tones on the top layer to create Produces results similar to those created with the This mode studies the total of the three colour
more vibrant colours and increase contrast. Color Dodge and Screen blending modes, but the channel values for the top layer and the layer
Darker pixels on the top layer make no difference brightening is stronger. Dark colours on the top below and then chooses the highest values from
to the colours and tones on the lower layer. layer make no changes to the colours below. both layers to create the resulting colour.
Overlay Soft Light Hard Light

Provides a subtle way of adding a wash of This blending mode darkens or lightens the Multiplies or screens the colours of the top
the lower layers colour to the top layer while colours of the top layer, depending on the colours layer, depending on the colours of the layer
preserving the lower layers detail. Its handy for of the layer underneath. If a pixel on the top layer underneath. If a pixel on the top layer is lighter
painting on brush-based shadow effects. is lighter than 50% grey, the pixel is lightened. than 50% grey, the pixel is lightened.
Vivid Light Linear Light Pin Light

Lightens or darkens the colours, but with more Similar to Vivid Light, but adjusts the brightness If a pixel on the top layer is lighter than 50%
intensity than Soft or Hard Light. If the top layer rather than the contrast. If the top layer is lighter grey, and the pixels on the layer below are
is lighter than 50% grey, the image is lightened than 50% grey, the image is lightened by darker, then the top pixels are replaced by
by decreasing the contrast. increasing the brightness. the ones below.
76
Hard Mix Difference Exclusion

Adds the red, green and blue channel values of Lighter colours on the top layer are inverted, and This blending mode produces a similar result
the top layer to the RGB values of the lower layer. darker colours are replaced by the pixels below. to the Difference mode, but with less contrast.
This changes the top layers pixels to primary As you can see from the calibration bar, blending Lighter colours on the top layer are inverted, and
additive colours (red, green, or blue). with black makes no change to the layer below. darker colours are replaced by the pixels below.
Subtract Divide Hue

Studies the colours in each channel and subtracts This mode examines the colours in each channel Mixes the colours of the top layer with the
the colours in the top layer from the colours and divides the top layers colours by the colours luminance and saturation of the colours on
underneath. In 8- and 16-bit images, any in the layer below. In the case of our butterfly the layer below. The butterflys colours remain
resulting negative values are clipped to zero. layer, this creates lots of blown-out highlights. (although they shift in hue).
Saturation Color Luminosity

Mixes the saturation of the top layers colour This mode produces similar results to the Mixes the luminance of the top layers colour
with the luminance and hue of the colours on the Saturation blending mode, but mixes the hue and with the hue and saturation of the colours on the
layer below. In this instance we have a greyscale saturation of the top layers colour with the lower layer to produce a variation on the similar
impression of the butterfly. luminance of the colours from the lower layer. Hue, Saturation and Color blending modes.
77
Organise your
layers efficiently
Work faster with your image layers using these easy
techniques for keeping the Layers panel organised
hen working on creative projects, you can build up
BEFORE
W a large collection of layers. This can lead to time
wasted scrolling through multiple layers in search
of specific content, especially if the layers have
generic names such as Layer 1, layer 2 and so on. In this
tutorial well offer you some housekeeping suggestions on
how to organise your layers more effectively. Well also
demonstrate how to find layers according to attributes such
as their names or assigned colour labels.
Any adjustment layer you add to the Layers panel will alter
the colours and tones on all of the layers below it. You may
not want to adjust every layer, though, so well show you how
to restrict an adjustment layer to the layer directly below it,
while preserving the colours and tones of other layers in the
document. Weve provided you with a layered document to
work with, so you can put our tips into action to label, group
and colour-code the layers as well as clip an adjustment layer
to a specific image layer (or layer group).
Once youve created a layered document you may want to
apply a creative filter to it. To do this you would normally
have to flatten the multiple layers into one and then apply a
filter. To get the best of both worlds, click the top layer and
then press Cmd/Ctrl+Shift+Alt+E.
1
Name and label
2
Group the layers
Open Layer tips.psd. This layered document contains Shift-click the tree and mountain layers to select them
several image layers and an adjustment layer. Double both. Go to Layer>Group Layers. This collapses the
click each image layers label and rename it with a descriptive selected layers into a folder that takes up less space. You can
name such as Shade or Tree. Right click the thumbnail of a toggle the folder open to reveal its grouped contents. You can
layer and choose a colour label. drag other layers into a group folder.
78
3
Find by filter
4
Make a clipping mask
Despite labelling and grouping layers it can still take a Set the Filter back to Kind to reveal all the layers. Click
while to find a specific layer. At the top of the Layers the adjustment layer at the top. Its altering the colour
panel, set the filter drop-down menu to look for attributes of all of the layers below. To limit it to the group immediately
such as Color. Set the adjacent menu to choose a specific below it, choose Layer>Create Clipping Mask. Now only the
colour label. Only layers matching the attribute will be visible. tree and mountain will be adjusted.
79
Add effects with

Layer Styles
Enhance your photos with embossed text using a Layer
Style to add simulated depth and lighting effects
hotoshops Layer Styles enable you to enhance
P your images with a huge range of creative effects

that are fun and easy to use. In this tutorial well
chisel some text into the stony surface of our
starting image courtesy of the Type tool, Blend modes and
Layer Styles. You can adapt the technique to create your own
custom greetings cards or poster text.
The Horizontal Type tool produces filled vector shapes
that you can edit to change the font and characters, just as
you would with a word-processing package. This gives you
the freedom to tweak your text at any time, even after youve
used Layer Styles to make it look like its carved in stone.
Weve used the Emboss Layer Style to give the flat 2D text
the illusion of depth. The interior of the text has a smoother
granite pattern added to it to make the text easier to read.
A Blend mode helps to mix the original stone with the
granite pattern. You could also change the lighting of the
Layer Style so that the shadows and highlights in the 3D text
match the lighting in the source image.
In this tutorial were only scratching the surface of what
Layer Styles have to offer in relation to your creative projects,
so experiment with other attributes in the Layer Styles panel BEFORE
to see the potential.
1
Type some text
2
Set the Layer Style
Open TYCC91.jpg. Grab the Horizontal Type tool. Set Set the text layers Blend mode to Darken. The white
the Font menu in the Options bar to a bold font such text will vanish. Click the fx icon at the bottom of
as Source Sans Pro. Set Size to 200. Set the colour to white. the Layers panel to summon the pop-up list. Choose Bevel
Type in some text. A text layer will appear. Press Cmd/ & Emboss. The Layer Styles window will open. Set the Style
Ctrl+T and drag to rotate the text at an angle. Hit Enter. drop-down menu to Emboss. Set Technique to Chisel Hard.
80
3
Dig deeper
4
Extra effects
Set the Depth slider to 261%. Click the Down Click the Inner Shadow attribute to activate and edit
Direction box. Increase the Size to 24 pixels. In the it. Set Distance to 59 and Size to 27. The direction
Shading section, set Angle to 23 degrees and Altitude to 48 of the lighting will match the settings used in the Bevel &
degrees. This makes the shadows and highlights match the Emboss section. Click Pattern Overlay. Set the Blend mode to
lighting in the source image. Color Burn and opacity to 100. Use the Granite pattern.
81
MAKING SELECTIONS GET THE FILES HERE: http://bit.ly/typs2016
82
MAKING SELECTIONS
Making selections
Selections are the cornerstone of creative compositing.
Learn how to make, modify and perfect them here
Photoshops selection Photoshops intelligent

84 tools explained
The Magic Wand and Quick Selection
tools are the simplest way to select irregularly-shaped
objects. Heres how they work
96 selection tools
Isolate more complex objects using tools
that use colour and tone differences in the image to
create selections
How to use Photoshops How to make precise

88 eraser tools
Sometimes youre not trying to cut out
an object, merely erase unwanted surroundings, and
you can do this with the eraser tools
98 selections with the Pen tool
With the Pen tool you can create a pixel-
perfect path around the object you want to select and
even edit this path later
Photoshops marquee Editing selections in

92 selection tools
Create and modify basic selections in
your images using Photoshops simple rectangular and
elliptical marquee selection tools
102 Quick Mask mode
Fine-tune a selection marquee
quickly and intuitively using a brush in the
Quick Mask editing mode
How to use the Perfect your selections

94 Lasso tools
Round up a more complex selection of
pixels in your photographs with the Magnetic and
Polygonal Lasso tools
104 using Refine Edge
Make more convincing composites
by including complex, fine details such as fly-away
hairs in your selections
83
8\PJR:LSLJ[PVU;VVS >
4HNPJ>HUK;VVS >
The selection tools

Master the Quick Selection and Magic Wand tools
to make detailed extractions from your images
n this Tool School lesson, we take a look at the cases, you can then use the Add to Selection and Subtract
I many applications of the Quick Selection and

Magic Wand tools. From replacing dull
backgrounds to making faster selective
from Selection icons in the Options bar to refine your
marquee even more.
The Quick Selection tool is best suited to selecting a single
adjustments, these nifty Photoshop devices will help you subject for example, a person standing against a busy
enhance your images and speed up your selection workflow. backdrop. Once youve made your selection, you can use
The Quick Selection and the Magic Wand tools select the Refine Edge option to tweak its edge, turn it into a layer
pixels based on colour and tonal similarity, so they share mask, or create an accurate cut-out.
the same Toolbox compartment. However, like any double act The Magic Wand tool is great for ferreting out every bit of
they have their own individual strengths. To start making a background sky, including those pixels hiding between the
selection with the Magic Wand tool, you simply click an area branches of a tree. You can modify its Tolerance so it selects
to sample it. The tool will then select similar pixels based on a wider or narrower range of pixels with each click. This
the colours and tones that you first clicked. adjustable sensitivity is very useful. An evenly coloured and
By brushing the more intelligent Quick Selection tool over toned sky can be selected using a low Tolerance value.
your subject, it will create a more complex selection marquee A more complex sky that features different colours and tones
that attempts to include the subjects relevant details. In both will need a higher Tolerance setting to select all of it.
84
MAKING SELECTIONS
Unleash the power of the Magic Wand tool

Select every bit of unwanted background with ease
ome shots like our Bonsai
S tree here have coloured

backgrounds that you may
want to select and replace.
When set up correctly, the Magic Wand
tool can tackle these sorts of selection
challenges in just a few clicks.
As well as the New Selection option
that gives you a basic marquee, theres
also Add to Selection and Subtract from
Selection. When zoomed in to your
image, these incredibly useful tools will
fine-tune your marquee, particularly
around edges and in detailed areas.
Although small and seemingly
insignificant, the Sample All Layers
tick box shouldnt be overlooked. This
facility ensures that your selection
includes similar pixels on multiple
layers, and not just the one currently
targeted in the Layers panel.
If there are any patches of unwanted
background sky hiding among the
leaves and branches, then youll need
to clear the Contiguous box. This lets
the Magic Wand tool off its leash, so
it can track down the sampled colours
in every part of the image. The final
way to make the tool even more precise
is with the Refine Edge button. This
opens a new window with multiple
options for feathering, smoothing and
even shifting the marquee.
Get rid of unwanted backgrounds
1
Choose your tool
2
Click to sample
3
Delete the selection
Open an image you want to make a Click any patch of background. The The leaves are looking a little sharp
selection in. Grab the Magic Wand from selection marquee should appear and cut-out. To soften things, set
the Tools Panel. Press W to toggle between around all of that colour, even if its in the Feather to 0.5 pixels. To remove any
it and the Quick Selection tool. In this image branches. Choose Select>Inverse to select the background sky pixels clinging to the edge
the background is evenly lit, so youd leave tree. Click Refine Edge. Set the View drop- of the tree, drag Shift Edge to 16%. Set
the Tolerance on 31. Clear Contiguous. down menu to On Layers. Output to New layer and click OK.
85
More advanced selections

Discover how to add fine details to your selections, like wispy hairs and eyelashes
he intelligent Quick
T Selection tool can work out

what subject youre trying to
select as you paint over it. If
it does get confused, you can call on the
help of the Add To and Subtract From
icons in the Options bar to fine-tune
the selection. Clever though it is, the
Quick Selection tool can sometimes
find it difficult to locate the edges of
your subject. This is especially true if
theres minimal contrast between the
subject and the background, or if theres
any softness to your subject caused by a
shallow depth of field. It will also find
it a challenge to include delicate edge
details like hair and eyelashes even if
they are overlapping a uniformly plain
white studio backdrop! For this portrait
shot, we ran the Quick Selection tool
over the white background and then
inverted the selection so the marquee
was around the model. However, by
zooming in for a closer look at the
selection we could clearly see that the
marquee didnt include the models
eyelashes or her out-of-focus wispy
hairs. So we used the Refine Radius tool
to add these details to the selection.
We then turned the refined selection
into a layer mask so we could fine-tune
it by applying brush tips to hide or
reveal relevant details. BEFORE
Including fine details in a selection
1
Create a selection
2
The Refine Edge tool
3
Fine-tune the selection
Open a portrait shot against a clean Hit Select>Inverse. Click Refine Edge Set Contrast to 39. For a smoother
background. Use the Quick Selection and set View Mode to On Layers. To selection, set Smooth to 10 and
tool to paint over the background. Tick restore hairs and hide background pixels, tick Feather to 1.4. Tick the Decontaminate
Subtract from Selection and paint over the Smart Radius. Slide it to 7.5. Tick the Refine Colors box and set Amount to 64%. Set
hairs. This creates a rough selection that also Radius tool icon. Set Size to 60. Paint over Output to New Layer with Layer Mask
includes background pixels. edge hairs. and click OK.
86
MAKING SELECTIONS
Photoshop Anatomy Quick Selection

Theres a vast array of options at your disposal to create fast and accurate selections
5
1 2 3 6
1 NEW SELECTION 3 SUBTRACT FROM SELECTION 5 TOOL PRESET PICKER
Creates a selection marquee independent of any Enables you to remove unwanted areas from your The Quick Selection tool has no presets, but you can
previous selections you may have made. With this selection. Select it directly from the Options bar, or save your own for use on other images at a later date.
highlighted, you can begin brushing over your subject. hold down Alt to activate it. Add tools with characteristics that can be saved.
2 ADD TO SELECTION 4 BRUSH PICKER 6 SAMPLE ALL LAYERS
Once youve created your initial selection, the Quick Gives you access to options such as Diameter, Check the box to sample pixels from all layers in the
Selection tool will automatically change over to this Hardness, Spacing and Shaping that will customise the document; uncheck it to sample pictures only from the
option that allows you to add further areas. brush tip of the Quick Selection tool. currently selected layer.
CHANGE THE
Understanding SENSITIVITY
REFINE EDGE 1 If the unwanted background

areas of your image are fairly
The Refine Edge great way to effectively even in their colour and tone, then
button will give you make a composite of the default Tolerance setting of
a variety of choices your subjects onto 32 should be sensitive enough
2 to include every last part of it.
for improving the new backgrounds, too.
However, if the background
work youve already The Adjust Edge [3]
features a range of similar colours,
done with the Quick options make sure
like in a gradated sky, for instance,
Selection tool. The that your marquee 3 then increase the Tolerance value.
options found under has no rough edges If you find that you end up
the View Mode [1] or other tell-tale signs selecting bits of your main subject
heading will change that youve created a as well, press Cmd/Ctrl+Z to undo
how your selection selection. The Output the last selection that you made
looks in the main [4] heading contains and choose a lower Tolerance
4
window. Edge several preferences for setting. To make a smoother
Detection [2] is a how to present your selection, keep the Anti-alias
recent introduction to final edited selection, box ticked.
Photoshop, and has such as with a layer
several ways to select mask or as a new
fine detail, such as document. Click OK to
fly-away hairs. This is a finalise the selection.
87
BEFORE
The Eraser tools

Create quick and effective composite images using
the underrated powers of the Eraser tools
hen faced with the challenge of selecting and If Photoshop user number three moved his cursor over the
W replacing an unwanted background were spoilt for

choice thanks to Photoshops comprehensive
collection of tools. If you gave three Photoshop
Eraser compartment it might raise a few eyebrows. Its like
using a saw when you need a scalpel, isnt it?
For most of us, the Eraser is probably the last tool wed
users the task of removing the clutter in our opening images think of reaching for when faced with a compositing
background you might see three different approaches. challenge of any complexity. However, in this Tool School
To remove the sky, Photoshop user number one might well show you why the Eraser tool is capable of much more
reach for the Magic Wand to sample the sky pixels and then precise compositing tasks than youd expect.
Shift-click to add other background details to the selection, The Eraser tool comes in three variants. The standard
and use Edit>Cut to remove the selected pixels. Eraser enables you to modify options such as size, softness
Due to the complexity and variety of some of the and flow. You use it to permanently remove unwanted pixels.
background details, Photoshop user number two might The Background Eraser samples pixel colours and tones,
decide to select the parrot instead of the background, using enabling you to paint over the blue sky to remove it. The
the Quick Selection tool. A few swipes of this brush-based Magic Eraser tool isnt brush-based like the others. It works
tool would select most of the parrot, although some of the in a similar way to the Magic Wand, enabling you to select a
birds feathered edges would elude the initial selection. range of similar pixels and delete them with a click.
88
MAKING SELECTIONS
Erase unwanted backgrounds

Get the Eraser tools to gang up so that you can select and delete unwanted backgrounds
hen you use any Photoshop
W tool to create an initial

selection marquee its
unlikely to be a perfect
selection. You may need to convert it
into a layer mask (by choosing Layer>
Layer Mask>Hide Selection) and then
apply a black brush to the mask to
remove any remaining bits.
Alternatively, youd need to apply
white strokes to the mask to restore
details. Layer masks are non-
destructive, so those hidden details are
still available.
You may fear using the Eraser tool
and its cousins the Magic Eraser
and the Background Eraser because
they dont create selection marquees
that can be fine-tuned with masks, but
instead permanently delete pixels.
By getting the three Eraser tool
variants to work as a team, we can
remove our unwanted background
without worrying about fine-tuning
selection marquees. Load an image
similar to our parrot and go to the
Layers panel (Window>Layers), then
double click the Background thumbnail
to unlock it. Press Cmd/Ctrl+J to
duplicate the layer. You can then click
the eye icon to hide the Background
layer (and use it as a safety net in case
you need to start editing from scratch).
How to cut out with the Eraser tools
1
First strike
2
Erase the edges
3
Get more control
Grab the Magic Eraser. Set Tolerance Grab the Background Eraser. Grab the Eraser tool. Remove any
to 34 and tick Contiguous. Click to In the Brush Preset picker, choose a pixels that arent adjacent to the birds
delete the blue sky. Reduce Tolerance to 24 soft tip with a Size of 125. Tick Sampling: fine edges. To erase background pixels near
and click to delete the cream and yellow Once. Set Limits to Find Edges. Erase pixels the perch, hold down Shift and click to place
background while preserving the similarly adjacent to the white feathers. To erase less a point. Click the cursor on another point
coloured white feathers. fine edges, set Limits to Discontiguous. and youll erase in a straight line.
89
Background and Magic Erasers

Fine-tune the way your Eraser tools behave, and learn some new tricks and techniques
ach Eraser tool has its own
E strengths and weaknesses.

The Eraser tool is a blunt
instrument that creates pixel
destruction wherever it goes, mopping
up surviving pixels that have evaded the
more delicate work of the other two
Eraser tools.
The Magic Eraser performs a more
targeted strike on unwanted background BEFORE
details. Give it the colour and tone of a
large swathe of similar pixels and these
areas will be erased with a click.
The Background Eraser is the most
sophisticated member of the team. It
combines the Magic Erasers ability to
recognise sampled colours and tones
with the standard Erasers editable
brush-based properties, making it
smart and powerful. In this section
well show you how to get the Magic
and Background Eraser tools to perform
more effectively.
Each Eraser tool has its own icon.
The Magic Erasers irregularly shaped
icon makes it tricky to place it on a
precise spot. Because of the icons
shape, you may click to remove some
sky but end up clicking the birds beak
by mistake. By pressing Caps Lock
you can replace the default icon with a
crosshair, enabling you to target pixels
with much more precision.
Whos a pretty boy, then?
1
Draw a path
2
Sample the bark
3
Erase the path
Grab the Pen tool. In the Options bar, Grab the Background Eraser tool. Set Click the Direct Selection tool.
set it to Path. Place anchor points Size to 300. Set the sampling option Right click the image and choose
around the bird. Once a rough path follows the to Continuous. Set Limits to Find Edges. Stroke Path. Set the Tool to Background
parrots outline, place a few points around Reduce Tolerance to 20%. Tick Protect Eraser. Click OK. This Eraser will erase the
the sides and top of the frame. Place the last Foreground Color. Hold down Alt and click background pixels. Remove any remaining
point on the first to complete the path. to sample some of the bark. background with the Eraser tool.
90
MAKING SELECTIONS
Photoshop Anatomy The Eraser tools

Tweak tones with more precision by modifying the behaviour of these brush-based tools
1 2 3 4
5 6
1 BRUSH PRESET PICKER 3 FLOW 5 SAMPLING
Click here to modify the hardness and size of the A lower percentage produces a weaker stroke, You can set the Background Eraser to Sampling: Once
Eraser and Background Eraser tools. The Eraser tool enabling you to build up your erasing in more and it will erase similar pixels, or set it to Continuous
also supports the new Bristle Brush presets. controllable increments. to erase a wider range of background details.
2 MODE 4 ERASE TO HISTORY 6 FORBIDDEN COLORS
When using the Eraser tool you can use this drop-down You can use this option to erase recent strokes with This useful option stops the Background Eraser from
menu to change the Eraser type; from a soft brush to the Eraser tool. Read on below for more details on erasing a particular colour. Alt-click to sample the
a sharp pencil to a square block. how to do this. colour you want to protect.
SOFTEN EDGES
Understanding
1 The Background Eraser does a
THE HISTORY great job of deleting sampled
background pixels while leaving
ERASER 3 contrasting foreground subjects
untouched. However, when faced
with delicate feathery detail that
Our parrots feathers your project by going
has a similar colour and tone to
are a challenge to Window> History
the background, you may create
to isolate. The to open the History
blocky edges. To smooth these
Background Eraser Panel [1]. Click the problematic areas out, simply
may erase some of the little camera icon to paint over them with the Blur tool
feathers as well as the take a snapshot of the to create a soft focus effect.
background. You can unedited image [2].
press Cmd/Ctrl+Z to Use the Eraser tools
undo the stroke and to edit your image. If
restore the feathers, you make a mistake,
but you may not notice click here to choose
the problem until a history state [3].
much later. To restore You can then choose
key detail, you can the Eraser tool, tick 4
summon the History its Erase to History
Eraser. For this to option, and paint over 2
work, you need to start the missing pixels [4].
91
Photoshops basic
selection tools
Create and modify basic selections in your images using
Photoshops simple marquee selection tools
any of Photoshops tools and menu through their paces so that you can find the The most basic selection tools are the
M commands enable you to change

the colours and tones in the entire
image. However, in some cases you
right tool for any selection challenge.
The selection tools work in different ways,
but they all produce a selection marquee a
Elliptical, Rectangular, Single Row and Single
Column marquees. These tools share the
same compartment. You can use them to
may need to alter the tones of a particular straight or curved line made up of animated make simple selections. Well kick off by
area without changing the image as a whole. black-and-white dashes, which are often looking at these basic marquee selection tools
You may also want to isolate a particular referred to as marching ants. Think of a and demonstrate ways to modify the shapes
element from one photo and add it to another marquee as a fence that isolates the pixels they produce so that you can make more
to create a composite image. This is where the within it from the rest of the image. You can complex selections. Youll learn how to add
selection tools come in handy. There are nine then copy the selected pixels or change their to and subtract from the basic shapes, and
selection tools in the Tools panel, and in this colour or tone without altering pixels that fall how to transform the shapes and soften their
chapter well show you how to put them outside the selection marquee. edges using the Options bar.
92
MAKING SELECTIONS
Photoshop Anatomy The marquee tools

Create a basic selection marquee and modify its shape
1 COMPARTMENT
Click this compartment and hold down the mouse

button to access the four selection marquee variants. 1 3 4
The Row and Column marquee tools produce instant
2
vertical or horizontal lines that you can stroke to create
guide lines, for example.
5
2 ADD OR SUBTRACT
By default the Rectangular and Elliptical marquees

produce a primitive shape selection. By clicking these
options you can get the tools to add to or subtract
from the initial shape that they create, to make more
complex selection marquees.
3 FEATHER
6
By default a selection marquee produces a clean,
sharp edge. To create a softer edge to any selection
marquee, increase the value in the Feather field.
A softer edge enables copied pixels to blend more
gently with their new neighbours.
4 STYLE 5 ADD TO 6 SUBTRACT FROM
To create a perfect circle with the Elliptical Marquee Here weve used the Rectangular Marquee tool to draw Here we used the Subtract From icon in the Options
tool, set the Style drop-down menu to Fixed ratio. You two overlapping rectangles. We clicked the Add to bar to cut a smaller circular hole in a larger elliptical
can also hold down Shift as you draw with the Elliptical selection box in the Options bar to make the rectangles selection. If you place the cursor in the centre of a
Marquee to constrain the shape to a circle. If you intersect and create a new shape. circular shape (such as the lens in this image) you can
choose Fixed Size you can type pixel values into the hold down Alt to make the marquee grow outwards
adjacent boxes. from the central point.
Understanding 1
THE SELECT MENU
2 4
Once youve created If you drag a selection

a selection marquee with the Move tool
you can modify the then youll move
way it behaves using the pixels within the
the commands in the marquee. This handy 3
Select [1] menu. The command [3] enables
Modify commands you to reposition the
enable you to expand marquee without
or contract the relocating its contents.
selection by a specific Refine Edge [4] makes
pixel value. You can light work of selecting
also decide to soften tricky subjects such
a selection marquee as models with wispy
after its been created hair. Well look at this
by accessing the command in detail
Feather command [2]. later in this chapter.
93
How to use
the Lasso tools
Round up a more complex selection of pixels in your
photos with the Magnetic and Polygonal Lasso tools
n the previous pages we introduced you to simple Some selection challenges require a lasso tool with more
O selection tools such as the Rectangular and

Elliptical marquees. These primitive selection
tools are fine for selecting basic shapes, but not
control, such as the Polygonal Lasso. To understand how this
particular selection tool works, imagine you had some pins,
a cork board and a piece of string. You can pin the string onto
much help if you need to select more complex or irregularly the board to create shapes. The string (marquee) between
shaped objects, such as the jagged mountain in our starting each pin (anchor point) will always be a straight line, but with
image. The Lasso tools are directly beneath the marquee tools lots of pins you can create curved shapes.
in the Tools panel. The final Lasso tool is the most powerful the Magnetic
The basic Lasso tool enables you to draw a quick freehand Lasso. This behaves like a more intelligent Polygonal Lasso.
selection marquee, which is good for making quick but rough The Magnetic Lasso also creates anchor points while making
selections. You have to make a freehand Lasso selection in a selection, but as its name suggests, these are placed
one operation by clicking the mouse button, then holding it automatically as you draw freehand around the edge of the
down as you draw. Once you let go of the mouse button the object you want to select. Here well demonstrate how to use
marquee selection is completed. the Magnetic and Polygonal Lasso tools to select a mountain.
94
MAKING SELECTIONS
1
Open the image
2
Start drawing
Open TYCC86.jpg. The Mountain has jagged edges, Theres plenty of contrast between the edges of the
but you can make a quick selection using the Magnetic mountain and the sky, so leave Contrast at 10%.
Lasso. Click the new Selection icon in the Options bar. Set Drop Frequency to 36 to reduce the number of anchor points
Width to 5 pixels. This stops the tools anchor points from placed by the tool. Place a point at the base of the mountain
straying too far from the edge of the mountain. and start drawing along the edge.
3
Delete wayward anchor points
4
Complete the path
As you follow the edge, an anchor point may go astray. Dont worry about being too accurate because you
Move the cursor near the last anchor point and hit can modify the selection using other lasso tools.
Backspace to delete it. Continue to draw your selection. If you To turn the path and its anchor points into a selection
hold down the space bar you can temporarily summon the marquee, place the last point on the first. The marching
Hand tool and drag to reposition the image. ants will appear.
5
Trim the selection
6
Save the selection
Grab the Polygonal Lasso tool. Click Subtract from Well use the mountain as part of a surreal composite
selection in the Options bar. Place points that trim in the next chapter, so choose Select>Save Selection.
some of the marquee from the sides of the mountain. Place Name the selection Mountain Selection. Tick New Channel.
the last point on the first and youll create a narrower, more Click OK. Well reactivate this saved selection in our creative
triangular-shaped selection marquee. tutorial. Save the file as a Photoshop document.
95
Intelligent
selection tools
Isolate more complex objects using tools that use colour
and tone differences in the image to create selections
ou can make quick, rough selections by manually Like the Magic Wand tool, the Color Range command
Y drawing a marquee using the Elliptical or

Rectangular Marquee tools. Alternatively, you can
use manual selection tools such as the Polygonal
also selects pixels based on their colours. With the
Magic Wand tool you can select the sky and then delete
the marquee to leave the tree, but this may also delete
Lasso tool to select more irregularly shaped subjects such as a leaves and fine branches. The Color range command gives
jagged mountain. The Tools panel has a third compartment you a useful greyscale preview that enables you to see
containing the intelligent selection tools. Tools such as the precisely which areas are part of the selection, as youll
Magic Wand tool enable you to make selections based on see in our walkthrough.
similarities in colour and tone, so you can select large areas All these tools make a marching ants style selection
such as skies with a few clicks. This tool is handy for marquee that defines the locations of the selected pixels.
instantly hunting out bits of sky between tree branches. The By experimenting with the selection tools you can work out
Magic Wand tool shares its Tools panel compartment with which tool will be the most appropriate when dealing with
the Quick Selection tool. Like the Magic Wand tool, the a particular selection challenge. In this walkthrough well
Quick Selection tool recognises changes in colour and tone, isolate a complex tree from a busy background by combining
making it the perfect choice for selecting contrasting objects. a range of intelligent selections tools and techniques.
1
Make a selection
2
Modify the selection
Open TYCC87.jpg. One way to make colour-based Hold down Shift and click the eyedropper to add more
selections is to choose Select>Color Range. The sky patches of sky to the selection. We want all the sky to
contains a range of blues, so leave the Select menu set to look white so that its selected. To turn the tree and its leaves
Sampled Colors. Click the eyedropper on a patch of sky. Set black, drag the Fuzziness slider to around 95. If necessary,
the Selection Preview drop-down menu to Grayscale. Shift-click to add more patches of sky to the selection.
96
MAKING SELECTIONS
3
The Quick Selection tool
4
Delete the selection
Click OK. To add the field to the selection, grab the In the Layers panel, double click the Background
Quick Selection tool from the Tools panel. Click the layers thumbnail to unlock it. Choose Edit>Cut to
Add to selection icon in the Options bar. Paint on the field to delete the selected sky and field. This leaves the tree and its
extend the marquee into it. Click the Subtract from selection complex leaves isolated against a transparent background.
icon and paint to undo any mistakes. Press Cmd/Ctrl+D to remove the marquee.
5
The Magic Wand tool
6
Adjust the options
Now well show you an alternative technique so that Set Tolerance to 52 so that the Magic Wand selects a
you can decide which method you prefer. Choose wide range of colours, given the variety of blues and
File>Revert to restore the image to its original state. Grab whites in the sky. Keep the Contiguous box cleared. Click to
the Magic Wand tool and click the New Selection icon in select a patch of sky, then hold down Shift and click to add
the Options bar. Set Sample Size to 3 by 3 Average. more sky and clouds to the selection.
7
Fine-tune the selection
8
Make a layer mask
Grab the Quick Selection tool and click the Add to We could delete the sky as we did in step 4, but to
Selection icon in the Options bar. Paint over the field give us more editing options we can turn the selection
to add it to the marquee. Click the Subtract from Selection into a non-destructive layer mask. Double click to unlock the
icon and paint over the green vegetation at the base of the background layer. Choose Layer>Layer Mask>Hide Selection.
tree to remove it from the selection, just like we did in step 3. The marquee converts into a black-and-white mask.
97
BEFORE
98
MAKING SELECTIONS
Master the Pen tool

Isolate a complex object from a busy background using
the mighty Pen tool its easier to use than you think!
s we mentioned earlier in the chapter, digital The Tools panel also has a collection of other vector-based
A images are made up of millions of tiny square

pixels. These building blocks of colour and tone
combine to create the illusion of reality. Pixel-
tools such as the Rectangle and Polygonal tool, which provide
primitive shapes that you can modify to enhance your
graphic designs. The Custom Shape tool provides you with
based images are called bitmaps. a number of preset shapes that you can use to complement
Photoshop also enables you to produce content from your design projects.
scratch using tools such as the Pen tool. This tool enables As well as creating colour-filled shapes for designers,
you to draw graphic components for design projects (such as the Pen tool can also be used to create paths to help
an icon or logo, for example). The Pen tool uses mathematics photographers edit images. Pen-produced paths can be
to describe the vector shapes that it produces. A vector shape converted into selection marquees. In our walkthrough well
consists of a series of anchor points. Between these moveable demonstrate how to modify the Pen tools curves and anchor
points are curves that you can bend to change the filled points to select the curved contours of the sports car in our
vector shape. The vector shapes mathematical nature enables starting image. Youll then be able to use the selection to
you enlarge a shape without any drop in quality, whereas a protect the car while you clone out distracting background
bitmap photo can look a bit fuzzy if you enlarge the image. objects that overlap its edges.
99
1
Open the image
2
Choose paths, not shapes
Go to File>Open and browse to TYCC61.jpg. Click Open. The To make sure the Pen tool draws a path and not a filled vector
JPEG file will open in the standard Photoshop editor. There are shape, go to the Options bar and choose Path from the drop-
a few distracting elements in the background that we couldnt avoid down menu. Untick the Auto Add/Delete box. Press Cmd/Ctrl and
capturing, but we can remove them with the Clone Stamp tool to the + key to zoom in. Click to place the Pen tools first anchor point
create a cleaner scene. However, to avoid cloning over the car we where the rear wheel intersects the chassis. Click to place a second
need to isolate it. Click and hold the mouse down over the Pen tools anchor point near the first. A straight line (or path) will join the two
compartment and select the Pen tool. points together.
3
Curve the path
4
Tight or loose
As you place a third anchor point, click the mouse button and To draw a path around the sharper angles of the cars
drag at the same time. This summons two bezier curve handles bumper, place a few points closer together. Once you get
that enable you to create a curved path between the two anchor points. to the longer sweeping curves at the top of the car, click to place
Dont worry if the curved path doesnt follow the edge of the car points further apart and drag to make the path follow these curved
perfectly because you can fine-tune it later. Click to place a fourth contours. The more confident you get with the Pen tool, the wider
anchor point and drag the curve handle to keep the path curving apart the anchor points can be. The bezier curve handles enable you
around the edges of the car. to select complex curved shapes more quickly.
100
MAKING SELECTIONS
5
Close the path
6
Tidy up the path
Keep clicking to place more anchor points around the edges At this stage, the path wont be perfect. To refine it, click
of the car. Try to be more precise when placing points along and hold down the mouse button on the compartment
the top and sides of the car, but feel free to place more rough-and- below the Pen tool. Choose the Direct Selection tool. You can now
ready points where the lower section of the car overlaps the grass drag any of the paths anchor points to fine-tune their positions.
because we wont need to clone out details in these parts of the Drag the bezier control handles of an anchor point to adjust the
image. To complete the path, place the last anchor point on the first adjacent curved path so that it follows the contours of the car
one you started the path with. more effectively.
7
Turn the path into a selection
8
Clone out the background
To select fiddly edges you may need to use the Add Anchor Choose Select>Inverse to select the sky instead of the car.
Point tool and click to insert more anchor points into the path. Grab the Clone Stamp tool. Choose a soft round tip from
You can then use the Direct Selection tool to tweak the positions and the Brush Preset picker with a Size of 200. Alt-click a patch of sky
bezier curve handles of the new points. Once the path follows the top to sample it. Paint around the top and sides of the car to extend
and sides of the car, click the Pen tool icon. Go to the Options bar the sky over the unwanted people. The path-shaped selection will
and click the Make Selection button. Set Feather Radius to 1.0. Click protect the cars edges from being cloned. Sample and paint grass to
OK. A selection marquee will appear. create a clean horizon.
101
102
MAKING SELECTIONS
Quick Mask edits

Fine-tune a selection marquee quickly and intuitively
by using a brush in the Quick Mask editing mode
fter making an initial selection with one of The Select>Modify commands are useful when fine-tuning
A Photoshops marquee tools, you may need to

tweak the shape of the marquee to select your
subject more effectively. You can use the Add to
the selection overall, such as giving it a feathered edge, but
for more control you can try editing it in Quick Mask mode.
A Quick Mask replaces the selection marquee with red
or Subtract from icons in the Options bar to change the way colour. By manually painting with a black or white brush on
the active selection tool behaves. Alternatively, you can the mask you can add to or subtract from the selected areas
adjust existing selections by using the Select menus Modify until the selection has been improved. The temporary Quick
commands to expand or contract the selection around the Mask mode is a close cousin to the permanent layer mask.
edges of the subject. Its a great way to check that your selections are complete.
1
Make a selection
2
Activate Quick Mask
Open TYCC88.jpg. Grab the Magic Wand tool. The To remove parts of the dress from the selection, press
models dress is a similar colour to the backdrop, so Q to turn the marquee into a Quick Mask. Unselected
reduce Tolerance to 23 and click Contiguous to make the tool areas appear as red patches. Grab the Brush tool. Choose a
only select areas that are connected to the sample section. hard round brush tip from the Brush Preset picker. Set the
Shift-click to add all the background to the selection. foreground colour to black by pressing D for default.
3
Edit the Quick Mask
4
Modify the marquee
Paint over any areas of the dress that should be Press X to switch the foreground colour to white. Now
excluded from the selection. These areas will turn red you can paint to add bits of backdrop to the selection
as you paint. To remove the edges of the dress from the (such as the area near her elbow). The red patches will
selection, hold down Shift and click to place points. The disappear, indicating a selected area. Press Q to exit Quick
Brush tool will draw a straight line between each point. Mask mode and see the modified selection marquee.
103
Refine Edge
Get perfect selections every time, no matter how
complicated the subject, with the powerful Rene Edge tool
any photo-fixing tasks involve making selections. Refine Edge button becomes active in the Options bar. The
M You may need to select a specific part of an image,

such as a bland sky, and replace it with something
more interesting, or tone down an over-exposed
button will also appear if you make a selection using menu-
based commands such as Color Range. As a rule, if a tool
creates a selection marquee youll be able to fine-tune it with
sky without altering the correctly exposed landscape. Refine Edge. You can also call up the Refine Edge dialogue by
Alternatively, you might want to cut out a model from an choosing Select>Refine Edge, and you can use it to fine-tune
image, so that you can composite her into a new background the edges of a layer mask.
image. The Tools panel contains several selection tools, from Before the Refine Edge tool was introduced, to fine-tune a
the handy but basic marquee tools to the intelligent Quick selection marquee you had to go to the Select>Modify menu
Selection tool. The selections these tools create are and apply refinements one at a time. The most useful of
demarcated by a border of animated dashes. However, its these were Smooth, Expand, Contract, and Feather. Refine
unlikely that the edges of a selection you make will be Edge presents all these options in an easy-to-use window,
perfect, and the Refine Edge dialogue enables you to fine- enabling you to apply them interactively and preview the
tune its shape, width, position and softness. results. Theres also a Radius slider, for adjusting the width
When you make a selection using tools such as the of the edge over which refinements are applied. Refine Edge
Rectangular Marquee or Magic Wand, youll notice that the has many more tricks up its sleeve, as youll discover
104
MAKING SELECTIONS
Replace a background
Use Refine Edge to blend a subject into a new background
hen youre shooting public
BEFORE
W events, you have little
control over your subjects
movements. In this image,
the naturally posed soldier looks good
in profile, but the partially obscured
vehicle and figure in the background are
distracting. We could have repositioned
ourselves to cut out the background
clutter, but the main subject might have
moved by then. Thanks to selection
tools and layers, we can isolate the
soldier from the background, and
improve the composition by dropping
in something more interesting from
another photo taken at the same event.
When you select a person or object,
they can look obviously cut out
because they have a hard edge, and
by feathering the edge of a selection
you can make a subject blend in more
naturally and effectively with the new
background, to create a more convincing
composite. Well show you how to
soften an initial selection using Refine
Edge, and how to ensure that no tell-
tale pixels from the original background
are left clinging to the outline.
Kick off by opening a picture
containing a figure. Choose the Quick
Selection tool, tick Auto-Enhance, and
brush over the figure to select him.
You can now fine-tune the selection by
following the steps below
Create a seamless composite
1
Soften the edges
2
Decontaminate
3
Add a new background
After selecting the figure, click Refine Tick Decontaminate Colors, and set Open a new background image. Go
Edge in the Options bar. Choose the On Amount to 45%: this shifts colours of to Select>All, then Edit>Copy. Target
Black preview, so that you can see the traces the background still clinging to the subjects the main document, go to Edit>Paste, and
of background pixels. Set Smooth to 11 and edge closer to those of the subject, so theyre move the layer below the subject. Choose
Feather to 2.5 to soften the edges, and set less noticeable. Set Output to New Layer Filter>Blur>Gaussian and set an appropriate
Shift Edge to 15%. with Layer Mask. Click OK. Radius to make the images match.
105
Challenging selections
Select complex edge detail, such as fine hair, using Refine Edges Radius options
ome subjects have a mix of
S edge detail, with both sharp,

well-defined areas and
softer, fine details. Take our
studio-shot model, for example: the
outline of her arm and shoulder is nice
and sharp, while her flyaway hair is
much more complex and fine. We can
select the studio backdrop easily
enough using the Magic Wand tool, but
if we use Refine Edge to Feather or
Expand the selection to include more
hair detail, we run the risk of adding
unwanted background pixels to
the well-defined edges.
The Radius slider in Refine Edge
enables you to adjust the width of
the edge over which refinements
are applied, but in older versions of
Photoshop you could only adjust the
Radius of the entire outline. In CS5,
a Smart Radius option was added, and
when you enable this the edge radius
will be adjusted automatically to take
account of the detail in different areas,
so itll be narrower where edges are
sharp, and wider where edge detail
is less well-defined. For even greater
BEFORE
precision, you can manually target
problematic areas using the Refine
Radius tool, which enables you to adjust
the radius in localised areas with a
brush. See the tutorial below
Selecting complex edges
1
Make a selection
2
Refine Radius
3
Clean up the colours
Choose the Magic Wand tool, set Click Refine Edge, and set View to To hide the remaining hints of
Tolerance to 20 and clear Contiguous. On Black. The selected hair will look backdrop, tick Decontaminate Colors
Click the backdrop to select it. Next, take the sharp and jagged. Tick the Smart Radius box, and set Amount to 60%. Set Output to New
Quick Selection tool and click the Subtract and set Radius to 3 pixels. Click the Refine Layer with Layer Mask, and click OK. You
from selection button. Brush over the Radius icon. Set the brush Size to 100, and can now paste in a new backdrop, and youll
background to remove it from the selection. brush around the edges of the hair. see that the hair has been preserved.
106
MAKING SELECTIONS
Photoshop Anatomy Refine Edge options

Get even more from Refine Edge with our close-up look at its editable options
1
2
3 6
4
1 SMOOTH 3 CONTRAST 5 LAYER MASK
When you select an object, its edges may include Increases the contrast between partially selected If you output your refined selection as a New Layer
jagged or blocky clumps of background pixels. Use this pixels, like increasing the contrast between light grey with Layer Mask you can continue fine-tuning it by
slider to smooth out the edges. and dark grey areas of a layer mask. applying white or black brushes to the mask.
2 FEATHER 4 SHIFT EDGE 6 POINT OF VIEW
Increase the Feather value to soften the edges of the This slider enables you to strike a balance between Choose the View option that best enables you to see
selection. This will help a selected subject blend more revealing edge details and hiding fringes of unwanted the edge pixels, for example On Black if youre
effectively with its new surroundings. background pixels. trying to select blonde hair.
Understanding
EDGE
5
DETECTION
Many selection which refinements
1
subjects, especially are applied where 3
people, have outlines required. Click and
2
that comprise both hold the brush icon
hard and soft edges. [3] to access the
The Edge Detection Refine Radius tool. 4
section [1] of the This enables you to
Refine Edge dialogue brush over areas to
enables you to select increase the edge
varied edges more width. If the tool
effectively. If your reveals unwanted
subjects edges vary background pixels, use
in softness, tick the Erase Refinements
Smart Radius [2]. tool [4] to make the
This automatically edge narrower again.
increases the width Click Show Radius [5]
of the edge over to display the radius.
107
MASKS AND MONTAGES GET THE FILES HERE: http://bit.ly/typs2016
108
MASKS AND MONTAGES
Masks and montages

Discover how to take more control over your
selections and adjustment layers using layer masks
Introducing Photoshop Make a surreal

110 layer masks
Combine selected parts of images
non-destructively using layer masks, so youre free
to refine the selections at any time
114 portrait
Discover how to shoot and combine
a series of frames to create a seamless mid-air self-
portrait inspired by Dali
Make better masks with Paint with filters

112 the Mask Properties panel
Create more effective composites and
selective adjustments by adjusting the properties of
your layer masks
118 and masks
Learn how to transform any photo
into a work of brush-based art with a simple
combination of filters and layer masks
109
BEFORE
Introducing
layer masks
Combine selected parts of images non-destructively using layer
masks, so youre free to refine the selections at any time
hotoshop has plenty of tools that After cutting out the sky they will be mask makes the corresponding pixels on the
P enable you to select parts of

images based on properties such as
colour or tone. In the case of our
permanently deleted from the image layer.
If it turns out that youve also selected and
deleted the edges of a building, then you
attached image layer 100% solid. The black
sections of the mask make the associated
pixels 100% transparent. You can then paint
starting image, we have a basic sky that can wont be able to recover those deleted details. with black or white on the mask to change
easily be selected with a few clicks using the However, by converting a selection into a which pixels are visible and which are hidden,
Magic Wand tool. After selecting the layer mask you can hide unwanted areas on which enables you to refine the results of any
unwanted sky we could double click the the attached image layer without permanently selection tool until they are perfect. Unlike
background layer to unlock it and then choose deleting them. This enables you to restore the Edit>Cut command, layer masks are
Edit>Cut to remove the sky. We could then missing details from your image layer. non-destructive. This makes them the key
replace the original sky with something more Layer masks turn a selection into a black- tool in making more effective selections and
interesting, such as a dramatic cloudscape. and-white image. The white part of the producing convincing composite images.
110
MASKS AND MONTAGES
Photoshop Anatomy Layer masks in action

Hide or show details on an image layer in a non-destructive way
1 SELECTION TOOL
To select the sky in the starting image, grab the Magic

Wand tool from the Tools panel. By holding down Shift
you can click and select most of the skys similar- 1 5
looking pixels as a marching ants marquee.
2 HIDE SELECTION 2
6 3
After selecting most of the sky you can hide the 4
unwanted pixels by choosing Layer>Layer Mask>
Hide Selection. This attaches a black-and-white layer
mask to the original Background image layer that
hides the selection.
3 TRANSPARENCY
Once you turn a selection into a layer mask, the

masked (or hidden) pixels are replaced by a
chequerboard transparency pattern. You can then drop
another image layer into the background to replace the
sky in these transparent areas.
4 LAYER MASK 5 MODIFY THE MASK 6 REVEAL DETAIL
After converting a selection into a layer mask, the In this example the Magic Wand has failed to select If you want to restore any pixels hidden by the
black parts of the mask hide the corresponding pixels all the sky, so some blue pixels remain after the selection tools initial layer mask, set the Brush tool to
on the attached image layer. In this case the sky is mask has been created. By painting with a black white and paint. Hidden details will be revealed. Press
being hidden. The white parts of the mask make the brush on the layer mask you can hide the remaining X to toggle between a white and black brush to show or
unselected buildings on the image layer solid. unwanted pixels. hide the pixels until youre happy with the mask.
PAINT LAYER
MASKS FASTER
Youre not limited to simply

painting on a mask with a black or
Understanding white brush to hide or show pixels.
You can quickly hide or reveal
MASK OPTIONS larger areas by making selections

with other tools. In our annotated
screen grab above we used the
2 Brush tool to paint black on the
If you right click a layer it will disappear and
mask to hide the remaining traces
mask, a pop-up menu replace the masked of sky. Alternatively, we could have
will appear. Here you black pixels with used the Rectangular marquee
can disable the layer transparent ones. In tool to select the sky at the top.
1
mask to see the layers effect, you would be We could then click the layer
original pixels. A red deleting the unwanted mask to target it and choose the
X will appear when image elements
3
Edit>Fill command to add black to
the mask has been permanently. You can the selection. This would hide the
disabled [1]. You can also use the powerful remaining sky more quickly than
turn the mask back on Refine Edge command painting over it. It also ensures that
using the Enable Layer to soften the mask you dont miss the corners, which
Mask command [2]. or expand its area of 4 is easy to do when using a brush,
If you choose to apply influence [4]. Well especially if the opacity is set to
the layer mask [3] cover this tool later. less than 100%.
111
Make better
layer masks
Create more effective composites and selective adjustments
by adjusting the properties of your layer masks
hotoshop CC has a new Select and Mask option
BEFORE
P which enables you to refine and improve existing
layers masks with rough or pixelated edges. In
fact, it offers tools you might be familiar with
from the Refine Mask option in previous versions.
To show you how this works, weve created a layered image
montage combining this travel shot with a new and more
interesting sky on the layer below to try this out yourself,
load up the TYCC102.psd sample file.
This new Select and Mask dialogue can be used to modify
an existing selection, or to make a new one from scratch. In
our example, were using the Quick Selection tool to select
the blank blue sky in the top layer (its quicker than trying to
select the more complex foreground) to create our layer mask.
It works well enough along the hard edges of the building,
but not so well around the irregular outlines of the trees on
the right hand side.
With the Select and Mask dialogue, though, we can not only
preview the new layer mask, but also modify it as we work.
1
Select and Mask
2
Transparency setting
Weve opened our sample image and you can see the two You can use the Transparency setting near the top of
layers in the Layers panel on the right side of the screen. the Properties panel to show both layers at once. This
We need to mask out the blue sky in the top layer so that the can help you see which areas you need to be masking. Were
new and more interesting sky underneath shows through. The using the Quick Selection tool to select the sky we can
Select and Mask command is on the Select menu then invert this selection to select the building instead.
112
MASKS AND MONTAGES
3
Check the edges
4
Refine Edge Brush tool
Once the sky selection is complete, we click the Invert To do this, select the Refine Edge Brush tool from
button in the Properties panel to switch the selection the small toolbar on the left of the window. Now just
to the building. The edges around the roof and walls look fine, brush over the problem areas to refine the selection. If the
but the selection hasnt worked well in amongst the branches selection still looks unnatural, try dragging the Shift Edge
of the trees alongside we need to fix that. slider to the left to reduce fringing.
113
WATCH
VIDEOwww.bit.ly/
pmz63video
Make a
surreal
portrait
Discover how to shoot and
combine a series of frames to
create a seamless mid-air self-
portrait inspired by Dali
or this tutorial we set out to shoot a mid-air
F self-portrait inspired by an image of Salvador

Dali, taken by one of the greatest portrait
photographers, Phillippe Halsman. Halsman
captured Dali mid-air among flying cats, canvas, chairs and
a plume of water. 28 attempts were needed before the
combination of flying objects looked right, with everything
having to be cleared and reset after each attempt. Here,
rather than doing it all at once, well show you how to
capture several levitating objects separately, then combine
the frames in Photoshop using simple masking and
selection skills. To shoot images for this effect, use a tripod
and keep the focal length, focus point and exposure
consistent. We used a remote trigger to fire the shutter. For
lighting, we set the speedlight to act as a slave, then synced
the camera to a studio flash. After shooting the portrait, we
captured other objects in mid-air, flagging the light to match
the mid-air shot.
114
MASKS AND MONTAGES
115
1
Adjust in Raw
2
Paste settings
Once youve captured all the objects, youre ready to combine Back in Bridge, right click the same image and choose
them in Photoshop. Begin by opening Adobe Bridge, then Develop Settings>Copy Settings. Next, hold down Cmd/
navigate to the flying object files. Double click the image of the falling Ctrl and click to select all the other files that youre going to use
person to open it in Camera Raw. Set Temperature 5400, Tint +7, for the composite. Right click over them and choose Develop
Shadows +43, Clarity +30, and Saturation -23. Click Done to save Settings>Paste Settings to give all the images the same adjustments
your settings. you made to the first image.
3
Copy the layer
4
Mask cushions
Highlight the flying01 and 02 images in Adobe Bridge, Click the Add layer mask icon at the bottom of the Layers
then hold down Shift and double click them to open them panel, then grab the Brush tool and set the active colour to
directly into Photoshop. Grab the Move tool, check Auto Select black using the swatch in the Tools panel. Using a soft-edged brush,
Layer and Show Transform Controls. Hold down Shift and drag the paint over the sofa cushions scattered on the floor in the bottom left
falling man up to the tab of the other image, then down in to copy corner of the image to hide them, revealing the empty background
it over and align. scene on the layer below.
116
MASKS AND MONTAGES
5
Refine the edges
6
Add objects
Open one of the mid-air objects into Photoshop, then grab the Grab the Move tool and use it to drag the object into the
Quick Selection tool from the Tools panel. Paint over the object main image. Position it wherever you like. If you need to
to select it (hold down Alt to subtract from the selection if it goes rotate or resize it, hit Cmd/Ctrl+T, then use the bounding box
wrong). Click Refine Edge and set Radius 1px, Smooth 1px, and use the (hold Shift while resizing to constrain the proportions). Be mindful,
other sliders to improve the selection. Choose Output to: Layer Mask however, of the way the light hits the objects, and try to keep it
and click OK. consistent with the main image.
7
Convert to monochrome
8
Darken the image
Add more objects in the same way. Once youre happy with Click the Create adjustment layer icon and choose Curves.
the arrangement of the objects, highlight the top layer, then Drag down the curve line to darken the image, then grab
click the Create adjustment layer icon and choose Black and White. the Gradient tool. Press D to reset the colours, then choose the
Adjust the colour sliders to fine-tune the brightness of the Foreground to Background gradient preset. Drag up from the bottom
individual colours to get the look youre after, or click Auto for to darken it. Use separate curves layers to darken the top left corner
Photoshop to do it for you. and lighten the left side.
117
BEFORE
Paint with lters

Learn how to transform any photo into a work of brush-based
art with a simple combination of filters and layer masks
n this tutorial well show you how to transform modes to combine each effect. Once done, well add a layer
I your photos into paintings, complete with brush

strokes and watercolour borders. Well begin by
using a neat trick with Photoshop CCs Camera
mask and use the Wet Media brush set to create brush
strokes. Its quick, easy, and it works even if you cant paint!
Open paint_before in Photoshop. Go to the Layers panel
Raw filter to smooth out the detail of the original image (Window>Layers) and press Cmd/Ctrl+J to duplicate the
(if you have an earlier version, open the image in Camera Raw background layer. Rename the layer Camera Raw filter. Go
via Bridge to apply the settings in step one). Then well apply to Filter>Camera Raw, then click the Detail Panel on the
a combination of filters on several duplicates of the original right-hand side. Set Noise Luminance to 100, and Detail
layer to give our portrait a painterly look, using blending to 35. Now proceed to step one.
1
Make copies
2
The cutout filter
Click OK to exit Camera Raw. Back in Photoshop, press Go to Filter>Filter Gallery. Click Artistic and choose
Cmd/Ctrl+J three more times to make three duplicates. Cutout. Press Cmd/Ctrl+0 to zoom out to see the
Name the first one Cutout, the one above Median, and the entire image in the preview window. Set Edge Simplicity to
top one Glowing Edges. Click the eye icons to hide the top 4, and Fidelity to 2, then experiment with the Levels slider.
two layers and highlight the Cutout layer. Naming the layers Click OK to apply, then click the blending mode menu at the
makes it easier to see what youve done later. top of the Layers panel and choose Luminosity.
118
MASKS AND MONTAGES
3
The Median filter
4
Glowing edges
Highlight and reveal the Median layer by clicking the Go to Filter>Filter Gallery. Choose Stylise>Glowing
eye symbol, then go to Filter>Noise>Median. Set the Edges and set Width to 3, Brightness to 7, and Smooth
Radius to about 12 pixels. Change the blending mode to Soft to 5. Next press Cmd/Ctrl+I to invert the tones, then Cmd/
Light. Set Cutout to 22% opacity and Median to 50% opacity. Ctrl+Shift+U to desaturate the entire image. Finally, change
Highlight and reveal the Glowing Edges layer. the blending mode to Multiply in the Layers panel.
5
Hide messy edges
6
Hide the layer
Click the Add layer mask icon, then grab the Brush Hold down Cmd/Ctrl and click the New layer icon to
tool and set the colour to black. Paint on the mask to add a layer below the selected layer. Go to Edit>Fill,
hide the sketch effect over the hair and in any places where it choose Use: White and click OK. Name the layer White BG.
looks a little messy. Press Cmd/Ctrl+Shift+Alt+E to merge a Highlight the Painting layer, then hold down Alt and click the
copy of all the layers. Name it Painting. Add layer mask icon to add a full black mask.
7
Brush to reveal
8
Add texture
Grab the Brush tool and set the colour to white by To randomise the brush strokes, open up the Brush
pressing D, then X. Open the Brush Preset Picker, then panel and change the Shape Dynamics Size and Angle
click the cog to open the flyout menu. Load the Wet Media jitters. Finish by adding texture: Alt-click the New layer icon
brushes. Choose the Oil Medium Brush Wet Edges brush tip and choose Mode: Overlay and check the Fill option. Go to
and hit 4 for 40% brush opacity, then begin painting to reveal Filter>Filter Gallery, choose Texture>Texturizer, set
the image. Keep painting to build up the effect. Texture to Canvas, Scaling to 130, then click OK.
119
PHOTOSHOP FILTERS GET THE FILES HERE: http://bit.ly/typs2016
120
PHOTOSHOP FILTERS
Photoshop filters
Transform your photos quickly and easily using one
of Photoshops many powerful processing filters
Apply editable Apply Camera Raw

122 filter effects
Once filters are applied to layers,
their effects can be edited later if you first convert the
image layer to a Smart Object
130 adjustments as a filter
Camera Raws fast and powerful
adjustment tools can now be accessed and applied as a
filter effect to images youve already opened
Add creative effects to

124
Improve images with
your photos with filters
Learn how to apply different
artistic filters to your photographs, and modify their
properties to produce unique looks
132 controlled blur
Discover how to add creative
and selective blur effects to your images using
Photoshops Blur Gallery
121
Apply editable
filter effects
Once lters are applied to layers, their effects can be edited later
if you rst convert the image layer to a Smart Object. Heres how
n chapter 4 we demonstrated how to adjust
I colours and tones by using adjustment layers.

These layers sit above the original image layer,
so you can fine-tune their sliders at any time.
Adjustment layers enable you to edit in a non-destructive
way, because the pictures original colours and tones are
always available on a separate layer.
For more non-destructive editing options you can convert
an image file into a Smart Object. This smart version of the
file remembers its original properties, such as the colour and
tone. You can then make changes using menu commands that
arent available as adjustment layers, such as Photoshops
huge range of filters, safe in the knowledge that the files
original look can be recovered at any time, even after you
close and then reopen the document.
Smart Objects enable you to apply non-destructive filters
to an image to create a wide range of artistic looks. This
is much more useful than applying a filter directly onto
an image layer, because youd be stuck with the results it
produces. Once a filter becomes smart, you can access and
tweak it at any time to refine its effect on the image. Heres
how to make an image smart so that you can enjoy the BEFORE
creative freedom provided by Smart Filters.
1
Convert to a Smart Object
2
Apply a filter
Open our TYCC23.jpg starting image. Go to Layer>Smart Go to Filter>Filter Gallery. Toggle open the Brush
Objects>Convert to Smart Object. In the Layers panel Strokes folder and click the Angled Strokes
youll notice a Smart Object icon appears at the bottom right thumbnail. Set Direction Balance to 66, Stroke Length to 21
of the image thumbnail. Behind the scenes, Photoshop has and Sharpness to 3. Click OK. In the Layers panel, youll now
created a PSB document that stores the original image. see a Smart Filter layer that contains a Filter Gallery option.
122
PHOTOSHOP FILTERS
3
Apply a second filter
4
Save a layered document
In the Layers panel, double click the Filter Gallery Go to Filter>Oil Paint. Set Stylization and Cleanliness
effect name to relaunch it. You can fine-tune the to 10, Scale to 4 and Bristle Detail to 0. Click OK. You
Angled Stroke filter to refine the look. Click the New Effect can access and tweak the Oil Paint or Filter Gallery effects by
Layer icon. Click the Accented Edges thumbnail. Set Edge doubling clicking their labels at any time. Choose File>Save
Width to 4 and Edge Brightness to 6. Click OK to apply. and set Format to Photoshop to preserve the Smart Filters.
123
Add creative effects

to your photos
Learn how to apply different artistic filters to your photographs,
and modify their properties to produce unique looks
or the majority of this book weve from pencil sketches to oil paintings. To help This tutorial will introduce you to the key
F looked at how to use Photoshop to

enhance images by correcting
problems with colour, exposure,
you find suitable creative effects, the Filter
menu groups filters in folders such as
Artistic and Brush Strokes. When choosing
features of the Filter Gallery and showcase the
effects they create. Filters can dramatically
alter an images appearance, so it makes sense
and so on. In this chapter well have a bit any filter, youll launch the Filter Gallery. to use the Convert for Smart Filters command
more fun by applying a host of creative effects This window gives you preview thumbnails of that we looked at in the introduction to this
to photos. Thanks to Photoshops filters you how the filtered image might look, as well as chapter. You can then experiment with
can stylise the colours and tones in an image providing editable attributes that will change different filters and fine-tune their effects
to produce a wide range of creative looks, the results produced by the chosen filter. more easily.
124
PHOTOSHOP FILTERS
Photoshop Anatomy The Filter Gallery

Familiarise yourself with the Filter Gallerys key features
1 FILTER MENU
3
This menu command gives you access to standalone 1
artistic filters such as Oil Paint, as well as enabling you
to launch the Filter Gallery and its collection of 47 art
effect filters.
4
2
2 FOLDERS 5
You can browse different types of filter by toggling

opened themed folders such as Brush Strokes. Here
youll see thumbnails that preview the type of look
produced by a particular filter.
3 FILTER LIST
You can replace a currently selected filter with 6

something new by clicking this drop-down menu.
Youll then see filters listed alphabetically, from Angled
Strokes to Watercolor.
4 EDITABLE ATTRIBUTES 5 FILTER LAYERS 6 ZOOM IN
Once you select a filter by clicking its thumbnail, any You can create more convincing artistic looks by It can be difficult to see the filter effect when looking at
editable properties such as the Stroke Length of a combining multiple filters. Drag a filter up or down in the entire image. Click here to zoom in for a closer and
brush will appear in this section. Altering these is the the layer stack to change the art effect. Click the eye clearer look at the filtered image. You can then adjust
key to producing more convincing art effects. icon to turn it on or off. the sliders more effectively.
Understanding 3
THE FILTER 4
MENU
As well as enabling recently applied
you to access the filter [3] can be
Filter Gallery, the Filter reapplied by pressing
menu also includes Cmd/Ctrl+F. This
additional collections keyboard shortcut
of filters you can use to enables you to build
enhance your photos. up a filters look in
For example, the more manageable 1
Pixelate [1] collection increments. The
enables you to mimic powerful Oil Paint filter
impressionistic art [4] has more editable
techniques such as attributes than many
Pointillism [2], which of the other filters,
was popularised by so it gets a menu
2
Seurat. The most command of its own.
125
Accented Edges Angled Strokes Bas Relief

Adds a light or dark edge around contrasting Use the Direction Balance slider to paint strokes Create a metallic embossed effect by changing
areas to produce a hand-drawn effect. in one direction or produce a cross-hatch effect. the drop-down menus Light direction.
Chalk & Charcoal Charcoal Chrome

Adjust the balance between Chalk and Charcoal Vary stroke thickness and use light and dark Produce etched tin-foil style effects with this
to create a scratchy mixed-media effect. balance sliders to create a charcoal effect. simple two-slider filter.
Colored Pencil Conte Crayon Craquelure

Bash out a hand-drawn pencil sketch in a few This more complex filter enables you to add Adds eroded canvas artefacts to enhance your
seconds with this filter. textured paper effects to the mix. filtered photo paintings.
Crosshatch Cutout Dark Strokes

Creates overlapping diagonal strokes of varying Recreates the stencilled look produced by the Create clipped and stylised dark shadows with
lengths, sharpness and intensity. screen-printing process. this moody and striking filter.
126
PHOTOSHOP FILTERS
Diffuse Glow Dry Brush Film Grain

This portrait-enhancing filter flatters Quickly add scratchy paint strokes that echo a Use this filters sliders to add grain to shadows,
complexion and creates a high-key look. traditional painting technique. highlights or a mix of both.
Fresco Glass Glowing Edges

Mimics the effect of painting directly onto a This fun filter enables you to distort your image This filter adds a glow similar to that produced
textured wall with editable properties. through a range of glassy surfaces. by a neon light to contrasting features.
Grain Graphic Pen Halftone Pattern

Add different grain types to your images, such as Creates contrasting areas by adding pen strokes Mimics the pop-art look produced by the comic
horizontal, clumped or contrasty. that are densely clustered or wide apart. and newspaper printing process.
Ink Outlines Mosaic Tiles Neon Glow

Outlines contrasting forms using three sliders to Builds up a version of your image by overlaying a Provides a colour picker so you can add specific
change the stroke length. collection of resizeable interlocking tiles. glow colours to a photo.
127
Note Paper Ocean Ripple Paint Daubs

This filter adds raised edges and grain to a Like its Glass filter cousin, this distorting filter Creates a hand-painted effect. Works well in
greyscale version of the source image. breaks up the image using patterns. conjunction with other filters.
Palette Knife Patchwork Photocopy

Mimics the effect of applying rough smears of Creates the illusion that the image is built up of Mimics the effects created by copying a colour
paint with a knife instead of a brush. thousands of raised square tiles. image using a mono photocopier.
Plaster Plastic Wrap Poster Edges

Sliders enable you to make the key details in the This bizarre filter adds specular highlights to the Creates a posterised look by simplifying the
image rise up above a smooth surface. image to mimic plastic wrap. palette. A popular look in the 1990s.
Reticulation Rough Pastels Smudge Stick

Converts your image to a high-contrast Gives an image the look of a pastel drawing, with Makes a simpler and perhaps less successful
monochrome, and adds grain. many editable attributes. pastel effect than Rough Pastels.
128
PHOTOSHOP FILTERS
Spatter Sponge Sprayed Strokes

This converts the pixels of an image into This one simplifies an image and overlays an Creates a very rough painted rendition of an
airbrush-style specks of paint. editable texture onto it. image. Probably one to avoid.
Stained Glass Stamp Sumi-e

This filter might be more useful for mimicking Produces an effective monochromatic lithograph- Produces a simplified and stylised look similar to
a mosaic rather than stained glass. style print by tweaking two sliders. the one made by the Dark Strokes filter.
Texturizer Torn Edges Underpainting

Combine this useful filter with a host of others Another way to create a simplified high-contrast Creates a painterly image with added texture,
to add a canvas-style texture. black-and-white version of the source image. with controls similar to the Texturizer filter.
Waterpaper Watercolor Oil Paint

Weaves a paper fibre texture into a filtered A popular filter that reproduces the watercolour Creates a very convincing oil-paint effect. Not
images simplified colours and tones. effect. Best used alongside other filters. part of the Filter Gallery.
129
BEFORE
Use the Camera

Raw filter tools
You can use Camera Raws powerful adjustment tools
on images youve already opened up in Photoshop
n earlier sections weve taken a good look at the layers. You can also apply sophisticated Curve, hue, saturation
I handy processing tools in Camera Raw. These

tools are designed to work with uncompressed raw
files, but theyre so useful you often wish they
and lightness adjustments to modify contrast and individual
colours. If youve spent any time at all in Adobe Camera Raw
youll quickly find the tools you need in the filter version.
were available in Photoshop itself. Well they are! Its not quite the same as working on a raw file, of course,
The Filter menu in later versions of Photoshop has a new since the image data has already been converted, so you dont
Camera Raw Filter option that launches the currently open have access to the full tonal and colour information in the
image into the raw editor workspace. original raw file any more but this is still a great editing
By editing a JPEG in Camera Raw you have a cleaner environment for everyday enhancements.
image-editing environment for routine enhancements such Whats more, if you convert the image layer to a Smart
as Shadows, Highlights and Clarity, which can be more Object first, the adjustments you make will be non-
effective and faster than regular Photoshop adjustment destructive you can re-edit the settings later.
130
PHOTOSHOP FILTERS
1
Open the image
2
Examine the histogram
Go to File>Open and browse to TYCC63.jpg. Click Open. We can see from the histogram that the image lacks
This image is a regular JPEG file, so it will open in the strong highlights, so its under-exposed. By clicking
standard Photoshop editing workspace. To tweak this under- the Shadow Clipping warning icon, we can see that many of
exposed and desaturated image with the Camera Raw tools, the shadows are clipped. These blue patches indicate areas
choose Filter>Camera Raw Filter. that will print without any detail.
3
Increase Exposure
4
Lighten the shadows
To remap the under-exposed midtones and highlights Selectively lighten the shadows by dragging the
to a brighter value, drag the Exposure slider to +1.70. Shadows slider up to +60. Reduce the presence of
The graph will slide towards the right, indicating the presence clipped shadows a little more by dragging Blacks to +40.
of brighter pixels. Push Whites to +12 until a little highlight Press U to remove the remaining shadow clipping warning
clipping appears as patches of red. patches. We now have a better exposed JPEG.
5
Increase the midtone contrast
6
Remove colour noise
To give some of the fine textures on the weathered Lightening the shadows of a JPEG creates artefacts and
metal more impact, increase the midtone contrast by undesirable colour noise. Click the Detail panel. In the
dragging Clarity to +37. This technique is much harder to Noise Reduction section, drag Color to 100. This removes the
reproduce in the standard Photoshop workspace. Create a colour noise. Click OK to commit the changes and return the
more vibrant blue sky by dragging the Vibrance slider to +58. edited file to the standard Photoshop workspace.
131
Improve images with

controlled blur
Discover how to improve your photographs by adding
creative and selective blur effects using the Blur Gallery
hen you capture an image on a If you have a tilt-shift lens you can take even effects in camera can be tricky, so well
W digital SLR you can add in-camera

blur effects to enhance your
images. By using a wide aperture
more control over where blur appears in your
images. This specialist lens enables you to
create a narrow band of focus sandwiched
demonstrate how to create these effects
using Photoshops Blur Gallery. This gives you
more control over the strength and location
setting such as f/2 you create a shallow depth between two blurred sections. This narrow of blur in any image, which helps you avoid
of field, for instance. This makes the focal band of focus mimics the effect you get when the hit-and-miss approach of capturing blur
point, such as the face in a portrait, look nice shooting a small subject close up, which in camera. The Blur Gallerys Field Blur filter
and sharp, while blurring out the distracting makes life-size scenes look like scale models. adds a natural-looking lens blur to the entire
background elements. Producing good selective-focus or tilt-shift image. Heres how
Overview Create a background blur

Use the Blur Gallerys Iris Blur filter to reduce the impact of background distractions
4 FALL OFF
You can feather the area between the

sharp and blurred pixels by dragging
any one of these four control points.
1
This enables you to control how gradual
or steep the blend is between the
focused and blurred pixels.
5
5 LIGHT BOKEH
Lens-produced bokeh may feature

3 artefacts such as clipped (or blooming)
4
highlights. Recreate these effects by
2 dragging this slider right. The Light
6 Range slider shrinks or enlarges the
range of tones with blown-out highlights,
such as on the hand in this shot.
6 MORE PINS
Click to place additional Iris Blur pins.

This enables you to take more control
over the strength and location of the
bokeh in any part of the image.
1 IRIS BLUR 2 POSITION PIN 3 BLUR AMOUNT
Go to the Filter menu and choose A control pin will be placed at the You can increase or decrease the
Blur. The top section of the Blur menu centre of the image. Drag the pin to amount of blur by dragging this dial.
features the Blur Gallery Field Blur, position it over the area that you Areas outside the ellipse will become
Iris Blur and Tilt-Shift. Choose Iris Blur. want to keep sharp. softer or sharper.
132
PHOTOSHOP FILTERS
Photoshop Anatomy Tilt-Shift blur filter

Give ordinary snapshots the look of photos of scale models
5
1
4
6
3
1 TILT-SHIFT 4 BLUR BORDER
If youre already working in the Blur Gallery, click here to Drag this dotted line to create a narrower or wider
activate the Tilt-Shift option, and then toggle it open to access transition between the blurred and focused parts of
the editable properties. Or choose Filter>Blur>Tilt-Shift from the image. You can adjust the top and bottom transition
the main menu bar. lines independently.
2 POSITION PIN 5 FOCUS
As with the Iris Blur, you can drag a pin to fine-tune the position The centre of any blur filters ellipse in the Blur Gallery is 100%
of the sharp and blurred pixels in your filtered image. You can in focus. You can make the blur effect seep into the sharper
also drag the pins dial to increase or decrease the Blur amount. areas of the image by reducing the value of this slider.
3 ROTATE 6 NOISE
You can rotate a real tilt-shift lens to create a diagonal line of The Noise tab enables you to add image noise that might have
focus that suits your subject matters composition. Recreate been blurred by the effects of the filter so that the resulting
this effect by dragging the rotate icon that appears when you image will have noise on top of the blur just like youd get with
rest the cursor near a control point. in-camera blur.
133
How to use
plug-in filters
The lters built in to Photoshop are just the start theres a
world of plug-in lters that work perfectly with Photoshop
owerful as Photoshop is, there are some jobs it
P just cant do or which would be too difficult and

time-consuming to figure out. Adobe happily
acknowledges that there are specialist tools out
there which can do particular jobs better or faster than
Photoshop can, which is why its built in support for
plug-ins. These are essentially mini-applications which you
can invoke from within Photoshop and which return a new
version of the picture to Photoshop when theyre done.
Theres a booming market in plug-ins, and for this tutorial
were using the Google Nik Collection, which has recently
been made completely free and can be downloaded from
www.google.com/nikcollection. If youve never tried plug-ins
before, prepare to be amazed
The Google Nik Collection, like other plug-in software,
comes with an installer that automatically places the plug-in
files where Photoshop can find them but make sure no
Adobe applications are running when you install the software
or youll get an error message. Most major plug-in collections
these days also work with Lightroom, by the way.
It is possible to make filtered images re-adjustable by first
converting the picture to a Smart Object (page 122). For this BEFORE
walkthrough, though, weve kept things simple.
1
How to launch installed plug-ins
2
Choose your filter settings
Lets start off with our sample image, TYCC98.jpg you For this walkthrough were using the Google Analog
can of course try this out with your own shots. If your Efex Pro 2 plug-in, which offers a vast array of film,
plug-in filters have installed correctly theyll appear towards darkroom and image manipulation effects. This is one of its
the bottom of the Filter menu. Were using the Google Nik Multi-lens presets, which splits the photo up into cells and
Collection, which offers a further sub-menu. recombines them a new arrangement. Well click OK
134
PHOTOSHOP FILTERS
3
Back in Photoshop
4
Blend modes and opacity
Once the plug-in has finished processing the image The fact that the filtered image is on a new layer ena-
its window closes and youre back in Photoshop. You bles us to combine it with the original in a variety of
can see that the effect has been added as a new layer, whereas ways. Here, for example, weve set the blending mode to Lin-
Photoshops in-built filters act directly on the Background ear Light and the layer opacity to 50% to create an abstract
layer. We can save the image as it is or go just a step further blend of the original image and the filtered version.
135
GET THE FILES HERE: http://bit.ly/typs2016
136
Common photo fixes

There are some image adjustments youll make to almost
every photo. Discover what they are and how to apply them
Sharpen up How to use Photoshops

138 your photos
How to improve the definition of
your photos with the Smart Sharpen filter and Shake
Reduction tool
154 content-aware tools
Photoshop can now intelligently
fill areas of your photos with details from their
surroundings to produce almost invisible repairs
Keep the (high ISO) Retouch your close-up

140 noise down!
Smooth out undesirable image noise
while preserving detail throughout the photo using
the Reduce Noise filter
158 portrait images
Learn how to reshape faces and
clothes, tidy and colour hair, and polish off your
portraits to perfection with our guide
Lens corrections with the Dodge and Burn tools

142 Adaptive Wide Angle tool
Discover how this powerful tool can
correct all manner of perspective and distortion issues
with speed and precision
160 and when to use them
These old-fashioned darkroom
techniques have been re-invented as powerful digital
lightening and darkening tools
Remove flaws from Dodging and burning

146 your photos
Find out how Photoshops array of
retouching tools can add the finishing touches to a
portrait session
164 tools in action
How to use the Dodge and Burn
tools to improve the composition and impact of a
landscape photograph
Photoshops
150 healing tools explained
We take an in-depth look at the
Healing Brush, Spot Healing Brush and Clone
Stamp tools
137
COMMON PHOTO FIXES GET THE FILES HERE: http://bit.ly/typs2016
Sharpen up
your images
Discover how to make your images appear crisp
and sharp, even those blighted by camera-shake blur
t can be a challenge to get your A slow shutter speed may also induce blur, smooth areas, such as in the background of
I images looking sharp. Many digital

cameras have a built-in filter that
blurs the image in an attempt to
which is more difficult to fix.
Photoshop has sharpening tools that are
designed to tease out detail in a soft-looking
our starting image. You can also introduce
artefacts such as blown-out highlights.
In our first annotation well point out the
avoid producing moir patterns. This shot. This post-production sharpening works key techniques involved in using the Smart
low-pass (or anti-aliasing) filter can also by increasing the contrast around the edges of Sharpen filter to reveal fine details in a soft
soften important details and create a photo details in the image, giving them more impact. photo. Well then demonstrate how the Shake
that lacks impact. What looks sharp on the However, when you sharpen an image using Reduction command can counteract motion
cameras LCD screen may turn out to be soft. filters you risk exaggerating picture noise in blur caused by camera shake.
Overview The Smart Sharpen filter

Give details more impact and keep sharpening artefacts at bay
4 AMOUNT
This slider increases the strength of the

contrast adjustment around the edges
of details in the image. This contrast
boost gives fine areas, such as the
eyelashes in this image, more impact
and makes them look sharper.
4 5 RADIUS
2
5 1 This slider increases the spread of

the Amount contrast change. A larger
Radius value creates thicker darker
6 and lighter lines that can turn into
distracting halo artefacts. As a rule, stick
7 to a maximum Radius of 2.
6 REMOVE
The most effective sharpening option

in this menu is Lens Blur. The Motion
3 Blur slider is designed to counteract
camera-shake blur, but its never been
very effective. Check out the new Shake
Reduction filter, opposite, however.
1 GET SMART 2 SMART SHARPEN 3 GIVE IT 100% 7 SHADOWS

You can sharpen an image in a non- Photoshop has many sharpening To assess how soft or sharp an image Toggle open this option to selectively
destructive way by turning the image tools. The most versatile can be really is, you need to look at it at 100%. limit the sharpening to the shadows or
layer into a Smart Object. You can summoned by choosing Filter> By default the Smart Sharpen preview highlights. This enables you to target the
then toggle the filter on and off. Sharpen>Smart Sharpen. window will zoom in to this value. areas that need sharpening.
138
COMMON PHOTO FIXES
Photoshop Anatomy Shake Reduction filter

Counteract the length and direction of shake-induced motion blur
3
1
5
4 6
1 BLUR TRACE MARQUEE 4 ARTEFACT SUPPRESSION
Click the pin at the centre of the default blur trace marquee The shake-reduction process can add ugly artefacts such
and drag it to the area that needs to look sharp. The Shake as noise, haloes and repeating edges (ghosting), especially
Reduction filter will then analyse the selected area to determine if multiple blur trace bounds are used. This slider will reduce
the length and direction of motion-blurred pixels. those artefacts.
2 BLUR TRACE BOUNDS 5 SMOOTHING
After launching the filter, Photoshop attempts to work out how This slider enables you to get a balance between smoothing
long and wide the steaks of motion blur are in pixels. If you spot out sharpening-induced noise in clear areas such as skin, while
haloes around contrasting edges, try reducing the amount. preserving details in contrasting edges.
3 SOURCE NOISE 6 ADVANCED OPTIONS
If your photo was captured using a high ISO such as 800 Our two Blur Trace marquees help Photoshop understand
or higher, then you can set this drop-down menu to High to motion blur in different sections of the image. Each white blur
stop noise artefacts from being exaggerated by the shake- trace icon shows the length and direction of a particular Blur
reduction process. Trace marquees blur. Q
139
BEFORE
COMMON PHOTO FIXES
Remove noise
from your photos
Smooth out undesirable image noise while preserving
detail throughout the photo using the Reduce Noise lter
hen shooting with a traditional film camera, you more sensitive to light, but they add more noise to your
W could use film with different ISO speeds to

capture more detail in low-light conditions. The
faster (higher) the films ISO speed, the more
digital files. Digital noise is a bit like film grain, but its
sharper, uglier and more distracting. There are two types of
digital noise luminance (greyscale) and chroma (colour).
sensitive it was to available light. A fast film enabled you to Luminance noise appears throughout the tonal range of the
avoid using slow shutter speeds in low light, so you could image as tiny dots. It can be compared to grain in analogue
capture detail without the need for a tripod. You could also film, so it isnt as undesirable as chroma noise, which
shoot handheld in locations where a flash was prohibited, manifests itself as multi-coloured speckles. However, you
such as in a museum or church. However, fast ISO speed film may still want to smooth out high ISO-induced luminance
added clumps of grain to your negatives. The higher the ISO noise to get a more pristine digital photo.
speed, the grainier the images would be. When reducing the presence of luminance noise, you have
Digital cameras recreate the traditional ISO film speed to be careful not to blur important details. The Reduce Noise
effect to enable you to capture more detail in low light. filters sliders enable you to get a balance between removing
As with film, higher ISO settings (such as 1600) are noise while preserving detail.
140
COMMON PHOTO FIXES
1
Analyse the noise
2
Open the Reduce Noise filter
Open TYCC33.jpg. To see the ISO setting used to Grab the Hand tool and drag to examine parts of the
capture this image, go to File>Info and click the Camera magnified image. Noise is especially noticeable in
Data tab. Here you can see that the ISO speed is 1000, so darker smoother areas such as the window reflections. Go to
there will be noise present. Click OK. Double click the Zoom Filter>Noise>Reduce Noise. To see how the sliders work their
tool to display the image at 100%. magic, drop them to 0 to start with.
3
Reduce the colour noise
4
Blurred versus sharp
Colour noise is easy to remove because theres no risk Drag the Strength slider to 6 to start smoothing out
of smoothing out important detail. Zoom in to 200% the luminance noise. This blurs the noise, but it also
to see the noise more clearly. Drag the Reduce Color Noise blurs our subjects important architectural details. Drag the
slider to 70% to remove the coloured speckles. This just Preserve Details slider until you get a balance between detail
leaves the luminance noise for us to deal with. and noise. Here, a value of 16% is a good compromise.
5
Before and after
6
Advanced options
The Sharpen Details slider restores features that may Click the Advanced button. Here you can toggle
have blurred. Drag it to 17%. Now that youve restored through the red, green and blue channels that make
detail to the image, you can increase the Strength to 7. Click up the colour image. Traditionally, the blue channel is more
the preview window to see a noisier before version. Release prone to displaying noise, so drag Strength to 3. Click OK to
the mouse button to see the reduced-noise version. remove the image noise.
141
BEFORE
Lens correction
Use the Adaptive Wide Angle lter to counteract even
the most extreme unwanted effects of lens distortion
hen you shoot with a wide-angle lens you may Correction filters Horizontal or Vertical Perspective sliders.
W notice that the scenes horizontal and vertical

lines appear curved. This is referred to as
geometric distortion. The amount of lens-induced
The Lens Correction filter is pretty effective, but it has
limitations, especially when trying to counteract the extreme
geometric distortion produced by wide-angle fisheye lenses.
geometric distortion varies from lens to lens (and it also When using the Lens Correction filter, you can speed up
depends on the focal length youve used to capture the the correction process using Lens Profiles. These recognise
scene), but these dramatically curved lines can detract from the make and model of your lens by reading the metadata
the authenticity of a shot. Distorted lines that bulge outwards attached to the image, so they know how much geometric
are said to be suffering from barrel distortion, while lines that distortion there will be at any given focal length. The Lens
curve inwards are afflicted by pincushion distortion. Correction filters profiles provide a way to automatically
Older versions of Photoshop CS enable you to tackle most counteract geometric distortion such as curved horizons, but
types of lens distortion by using the Lens Correction filter. they cant deal as effectively with perspectival distortion.
Geometric distortion (curved lines) can be straightened using The more recent Adaptive Wide Angle filter does a much
that filters Remove Distortion filter. Perspectival distortion better job of dealing with both geometric and perspectival
where the lines converge inwards towards the top of the distortion. It does so by providing different tools to the Lens
frame can also be counteracted by adjusting the Lens Correction filters slider-based solution.
142
COMMON PHOTO FIXES
Correct perspectival distortion

Use the Adaptive Wide Angle filter to straighten converging verticals
f you shoot a tall building
I from a low angle you risk

adding perspectival
distortion to the image. By
tilting the camera upwards to capture
the top of the building, youll notice
that the vertical walls appear to
converge inwards instead of running
parallel with the edges of the frame.
Photoshops Lens Correction filter
can counteract perspectival distortion
in a photo like the one on the right by
letting you drag the Vertical Perspective
slider to the left.
This makes the top of the frame
appear to lean towards the camera,
straightening the converging verticals
so that they run parallel with the
sides of the frame. However, in this
case youll need to lose the top of
the building to get the walls
looking straight, which spoils the
composition of the image and loses BEFORE
important detail.
Instead, go to Filter>Adaptive
Wide Angle and use the advanced
correction tools to do a better
perspectival correction job.
In the Adaptive Wide Angle
window, set the Correction menu
to Perspective. Set the Scale slider
to 86% to zoom out and see more
of the edges. Youre now ready to
follow the walkthrough below.
Correct converging verticals
1
Draw constraints
2
Rotate the constraints
3
Scale transform
Grab the Constraint tool. Place a point Click the left constraint line. Drag the Click to draw constraints along any
at the top left corner of the building. white circle to 90. This straightens warped horizontal lines. About seven
Place another point at the bottom left corner. the buildings left-hand side. Rotate the lines should be enough. Shift-click each
A constraint line joins the two points. Draw other constraint lines to make them 90. horizontal line to make it run parallel with
two more vertical lines in the middle and one Shift-click a vertical constraint line to set the bottom of the frame. You may need to
at the right of the building. it to 90 automatically. Shift-click vertical lines too. Click OK.
143
Correct fisheye lens distortion

Straighten curved verticals and horizontals in a fisheye image
isheye lenses like the Sigma
F DG 8mm f/3.5 EX enable you

to capture a much wider
view of a location than you
could with a conventional lens.
However, by using a fisheye lens your
shots horizontal and vertical lines will
be warped into curves, creating a
circular shot surrounded by a black
border that features parts of the lenss
interior. The old Lens Correction filter
has an Auto Correction tab that enables
you to use Lens Profiles to counteract
some of the distortion in a fisheye
photo. The Auto Correction tabs
Geometric Distortion option can
straighten the curved pillars of this
images derelict pier, but it will still
struggle to iron out the bend in the
horizon and the pillars will still suffer
from perspectival distortion.
Open a fisheye image and go to
Filter>Adaptive Wide Angle. Youll
see the camera model and lens
specifications appear at the bottom
left, so we know that the filter is aware
of the distortion produced by the lens
when set to a particular focal length.
To help produce the best results,
set Correction to Fisheye. The black BEFORE
interior of the lens will be removed
from the edges. Follow the three steps
below, then crop out the edges.
Fisheye corrections
1
Polygonal constraint
2
Go vertical
3
Straighten the horizon
Grab the Polygon Constraint tool from Place the cursor on the left pillars Draw a line that follows the curved
the filters mini toolbar. Place four bottom left control point. Shift-click shoreline. To help the line follow the
points around the corners of the left pillar. to force the polygons tilted lines to become shore, drag the middle control point upwards.
Place the last point on the first to complete vertical. This will straighten the pillar in an Draw another line to straighten the distant
the selection. The pillars curved lines will instant. Do the same for the other three horizon. Shift-click a control point to make
straighten. Do the same for the other three. pillars. Select the Constraint tool. the horizon run parallel with the frame.
144
COMMON PHOTO FIXES
Photoshop Anatomy Adaptive Wide Angle

Get to know the Adaptive Wide Angle filters powerful tool set
1
2
5
3
6
1 CONSTRAINT TOOL 3 MOVE TOOL 5 CORRECTION
Use this tool to draw a line that follows a curved line in Use this tool to move the image around so that Adaptive Wide Angle knows what lens you used to
the image. Pixels close to the constraint line will then you can see edge detail when youve zoomed in capture the image, but you can still give it a hand by
be straightened. for finer control. choosing an appropriate projection map here.
2 POLYGON CONSTRAINT TOOL 4 ROTATE 6 METADATA
Use this tool when straightening complete objects like The Constraint tool has control points that enable To remove distortion effectively, the Adaptive Wide
the pier support struts in this image. Click to place the you to bend or rotate it so that it follows the distorted Angle filter needs to know the focal length and crop
last point on the first to complete the selection. lines more effectively. factor used when taking the photo.
TRANSPARENT
Understanding EDGES
CHROMATIC 1 2 Once youve used the Adaptive

Wide Angle filter to correct
ABERRATION 3 distortion, youll end up with
transparent edges. To extend less
complex areas such as skies and
The Adaptive Wide caused by the lenss
beaches into the blank space,
Angle filter does inability to focus
select the transparent areas and
a fantastic job of different wavelengths
go to Select>Modify>Expand
removing lens- of light on the same and choose 1 pixel. Then choose
induced geometric part of the sensor. Edit>Fill and use Content-Aware.
and perspective To remove them, you This will fill the empty space with
distortion, but it cant could use the filters 4 colour and texture.
remove other lens- Chromatic Aberration
related artefacts like sliders, but these
chromatic aberration. dont always work.
Theres a cyan fringe Instead, add a Hue/
clinging to the left Saturation adjustment
of the pillar [1] and layer [3] and set the
a magenta fringe menu to Magenta [4].
running along the You can then reduce
right-hand side [2]. the Saturation of that
These fringes are particular colour.
145
Remove flaws
from your photos
Remove unwanted objects and enhance your subjects
complexion using Photoshops image-retouching tools
f you keep clicking with the Zoom tool to the BEFORE
I maximum magnification of 3200%, youll see
that every photograph consists of small square
pixels. Photoshop enables you to change the look
of a photograph by altering the properties of these tiny
building blocks, such as their tone, colour, and even their
positions. When it comes to retouching an image, Photoshop
offers a host of tools that enable you to replace unwanted
pixels with more appropriate ones. The Clone Stamp,
Healing Brush and Patch tools all work in similar ways, by
copying and moving pixels from one part of an image to
another. In this walkthrough well put these related
retouching tools through their paces to hide unwanted
objects such as the white card and lighting rig on the
right-hand side of our starting image. Well also enhance the
look of our model by removing distracting objects such as
the hats tassel, and quickly conceal spots and blemishes to
create a more pleasing complexion.
The Clone Stamp, Patch, and Healing Brush tools do
a similar job, but they each have their strengths and
weaknesses, so well demonstrate how each tool can be best
employed in our retouching walkthrough. This will help you
to choose the right tool for a range of retouching challenges.
Along the way youll learn how to modify each tools
behaviour so that you can make it work more effectively
on your own images. Some tools, such as the Spot Healing
Brush tool, can be set to Content-Aware mode, so that they
automatically sample appropriate pixels when retouching
146
COMMON PHOTO FIXES
147
1
Remove a bruise
2
Remove the wrinkles
Open TYCC22.dng. This is a raw file so it will open in Camera The Spot Removal tool excels at hiding small blemishes such
Raw. Zoom in to 100%. Use the Hand tool to pan the image to as bruises and birth marks. If you click and drag the tool you
the bruise on the models thigh. Choose the Spot Removal tool. In the can paint along wrinkles or creases in the skin to create a smoother-
Spot Removal panel, set Type to Heal. This will blend transplanted looking complexion. You can fine-tune the sampled areas and the
skin with its new surroundings. Set Size to 9. Click the bruise to place edited areas by dragging the red or green overlays around. Clear the
a red overlay on it. A clear patch of adjacent skin indicated by the Show Overlay box to hide the distracting overlays to see how your
green overlay will be placed over the bruise. retouching is shaping up.
3
Open the image
4
Patch out the card
The Spot Removal tool is fine for performing small retouching Click and hold down the mouse over the compartment that
tasks, but to remove larger objects such as the white card holds the Spot Healing Brush tool to see the other tools that
backdrop and the lighting stand well need to call out the big guns. are stored there. Select the Patch tool. In the Options bar, click the
Click Open Image to take the image into the standard Photoshop Source button. Draw a patch around the top section of the white card
editor. This will give you access to more retouching tools. Grab the on the right. Click inside the patch and drag left until a clean section
Zoom tool and right click the image. Choose Fit On Screen from the of white from the left-hand side of the frame fills the patch. Watch
context-sensitive pop-up menu. out for tonal inconsistencies.
148
COMMON PHOTO FIXES
5
Make another patch
6
Use Content-Aware
After transplanting clean white pixels from the left-hand side Grab the Spot Healing Brush tool. If you leave this tool set to
of the frame into the right, the Patch tool seamlessly blends the Proximity Match option it will behave like Camera Raws
them with their new surroundings. This helps to hide the card. Draw Spot Removal tool and automatically select adjacent pixels. This risks
another patch around the lower section of card and again drag it to sampling and cloning bits of hat over the remaining card edge. Tick
a clean section on the left-hand side of the image. This will remove Content-Aware instead. Click the Brush Preset picker and choose a
most of this white studio reflector. Zoom in to take a closer look brush tip with a size of 40. Press Cmd/Ctrl+D, then paint over the
at the remaining bits remaining card edges a few times to replace it with white pixels.
7
Tidy up the loose ends
8
Clone the pattern
Dab the Spot Healing Brush tool over any scuffs and scratches The Clone Stamp tool does a similar job to the Patch
on the studio floor to automatically replace them with and Spot Healing Brush tools, but it doesnt heal the
neighbouring whiter pixels. Reduce the Size to 25. Paint over the stray transplanted pixels. Grab the Clone Stamp tool. Choose a soft brush
string that overlaps the hat, and the Spot Healing Brush tool will find tip. Tick Aligned so that the sampling cross-hair maintains the
and replace the target pixels with a suitable hat texture. It even knows same relative position to the brush tip. Set Sample to Current Layer.
where the hat ends and the backdrop begins, so you can remove the Alt-click to sample the pattern on the dress. Paint to clone the
string at the edge with a stroke. sampled pattern to a new location.
149
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The healing tools

Master the Healing Brush, Spot Healing Brush, and Clone
Stamp tools for speedy image tidying and awless retouching
n this lesson, well look at the two healing tools: Stamp tool in that it will automatically recognise the area
I the Spot Healing Brush and the older Healing

Brush. Theyre most commonly used to tidy up
images, a task at which they excel. Whether you
you want to remove, and in most cases, match the tones and
colours for a seamless fix.
The Spot Healing Brush was introduced in CS2 as the
need to get rid of a sensor mark, hide an annoying landmark new and improved version of the Healing Brush. Unlike its
or remove imperfections on skin, the healing tools are the older brother, theres no need to hold down Alt and define a
number one choice. Both brushes could be described as source you simply paint over the problem area and the tool
intelligent they analyse the area you want to fix and come performs a neat trick. This is one aid guaranteed to impress
up with a solution of their own. any non-Photoshop user who happens to be looking over
The Healing Brush works in a similar way to the Clone your shoulder. A couple of clicks is all it takes to look like a
Stamp tool. Hold down Alt to target a source area, then retouching pro.
use this region to paint over your imperfections. Its most The Healing Brush gives greater control, but because the
effective when you target an area of similar tone and colour. Spot Healing Brush doesnt require you to define a source,
For example, if you wanted to remove a pimple, hold down its probably the more useful of the two. There is also a great
Alt and click a clean area next to the spot. Then paint over feature called Content-Aware. This makes your fixes far more
it and watch it disappear. The tool differs from the Clone intelligent, as youll see
150
COMMON PHOTO FIXES
Perfect portraits with healing tools

Eradicate skin problems, tone down bags under the eyes and de-wrinkle your subjects
he healing tools are most
T effective when you use them

to remove marks or
blemishes from clean areas.
This makes them ideal for working over
skin to get rid of pimples, tone down
any unattractive lines and give your
subjects a bit of polish.
In fact, the tools perform so well that
the temptation is often to go too far
when retouching a face. Luckily, when
you overdo it, you have the option to
tone down your healing strokes, as long
as you create a new, empty layer above
your image layer, then check Sample
All Layers in the Options bar. Once
youve made your corrections, lower the
opacity of the layer to make the effect
more subtle.
The Spot Healing Brush feeds on
nearby pixels to perform its miraculous
fixes, so its important that theyre
smooth, clean and low contrast. Try
removing a stray strand of hair against a
neutral background and the tool will do
a grand job. But then try healing
a grey strand in the thick of someones
hair. More often than not youll get
blotchy results.
With experience, youll soon learn
to recognise the areas where the tool
will perform well, and also which ones
to avoid.
Remove blemishes
1
Duplicate background
2
Start healing
3
Sample all layers
Open a portrait and press Cmd/Ctrl+J Switch to the Healing Brush to work Switch to the Spot Healing Brush,
to duplicate your Background layer. on edge areas that need more control. then go to the Options bar and check
Rename it Tidy. Select the Spot Healing Hold down Alt and define a source similar to Sample All Layers. Zoom in and paint around
Brush and dab over areas needing a fix. Use the area youd like to fix, then paint over it. any blemishes you want to remove.
the square bracket keys to resize your brush Then go to the Layers Panel and click Create Afterwards, reduce the opacity of your new
as you work. new layer to get a new layer. layer to 50% to fade the effect.
151
Get clever with Content-Aware

Tidy-up jobs are quicker and more effective with the Content-Aware healing feature
pot Healing has been vastly
S improved with the new

Content-Aware feature. This
is now the default healing
BEFORE
mode in the Options bar, as opposed to

Proximity Match or Create Texture.
In previous Photoshop versions, the
Spot Healing Brush worked brilliantly
for fixing imperfections in smooth
areas, but if you attempted to correct
something near an edge you soon saw
its limitations. With Content-Aware
selected, the tool now performs with
far greater intelligence. If you try
healing a large area, the brush may
take a few seconds to come up with a
solution. This is because its analysing
data around your entire image, not just
the part youre painting over.
The corrections are usually excellent,
but even if theyre not perfect, they give
a good starting point from which you
can zoom in with the Clone Stamp or
Patch tools to fine-tune. Experiment
with the tool by removing people or
big objects from images. The results
are difficult to predict but are often
surprisingly effective.
Content-Aware healing is brilliant at
removing distracting elements. Weve
used it here to erase a car, telegraph
poles and wires. They needed nothing
more than a few strokes to remove.
Tidying up a scene
1
Copy the landscape
2
Zoom in
3
Bring back detail
Open a landscape containing elements When youve erased the smaller Switch to the Healing Brush. Hold
you want to remove. Press Cmd/Ctrl+J distractions, zoom in on a big one, down Alt and target a joining area
to duplicate your Background layer. Rename such as this car. Paint over the entire area where grass meets road in this image. Dab
this Tidy. Use the Spot Healing Brush to with the Spot Healing Brush, then decrease along the road edge to bring back detail. If
paint over the distracting elements, resizing the size of your brush to dab over areas necessary, use the Clone Stamp and Patch
the brush with [ and ] as you go. where the initial heal has failed to work. tools to fine-tune the region.
152
COMMON PHOTO FIXES
Photoshop Anatomy Healing tools

These tools are fully customisable and there are plenty of options to experiment with
2 3 4
1 SETTING DEFAULTS 3 TYPE OPTIONS 5 CUSTOMISE THE BRUSH
Use the Tool Preset Picker to save the characteristics Proximity Match is the older mode that used to be Move the slider to alter the size, hardness and
of the healing tools, such as a certain size brush, the Spot Healing Brushs default setting. In CS5, its spacing of your brush. In most cases, a soft-edged
opacity or Blend mode. changed to the superior Content-Aware feature. tool works best.
2 CHANGE THE LOOK 4 TEST IT OUT 6 SELECT PATTERNS
Use the Effect Mode drop-down menu to choose Sample from a combined source of All Layers or your Choose Pattern to sample pixels from a pattern. Load
different blends for your Spot Healing Brush tool. This Current Layer. Current & Below is useful when you in different patterns by clicking the play icon in the top
alters the pixels that show through when you paint. want to carry out editable healing on a new blank layer. right-hand corner.
THREE TOOLS FOR

SUPERB RESULTS
Understanding
THE CLONE The two healing tools are powerful
enough to give you superb results,
1 but they occasionally slip up
SOURCE PANEL around areas of detail. When this
happens, just hit S to switch to the
Clone Stamp tool, then hold Alt to
define a source. Used together, the
The Clone Source resample a source by
three tools constitute a formidable
Panel allows you clicking Alt within
retouching team. The Clone Stamp
to change the your image. You can
tool might not be as clever as the
characteristics of the also choose whether
healing ones, but it does make
Healing Brush tool and or not to view an it far easier to predict what your
the Clone Stamp tools. overlay of your sample 2 strokes will do. On portraits, the
The five stamps source within your Clone Stamp tool works best when
placed along the brush tip by checking set at a low opacity of about 20%.
top of the panel [1] the box next to Show This allows you to build up your
allow you to set up to Overlay [2]. Change 3 brush strokes and vary your target
five different sample the Blend mode of source for seamless blending.
sources. This means your healing tool to
that you can quickly paint with different
select one of the five colour transparency
and theres no need to effects [3].
153
BEFORE
Content-Aware
Clone, move, patch and heal an image the smart
way using the intelligent Content-Aware tools
n this Tool School, well explore ways to make with its surroundings, enabling the tool to take a suitable
I tools perform more effectively, thanks to the

Content-Aware option. This intelligent feature can
dramatically speed up your editing. When you
skin sample rather than an inappropriate eyebrow to place
over the pimple.
The Content-Aware option enables tools such as the Spot
paint with the Spot Healing Brush over an unwanted pimple Healing Brush to become a bit more intelligent, so that they
on a models cheek, the tool will automatically sample can perform more effectively. However, even with this IQ
adjacent skin pixels, place them over the pimple and boost they still have their limitations. The Content-Aware
seamlessly blend the join between cloned pixels and their Spot Healing Brush will usually do a decent job of replacing
neighbours. However, if the pimple is too close to a facial a horizontal power cable that crosses a buildings vertical
feature such as an eyebrow, the brush may inadvertently lines with appropriate pixels, but if the cable overlaps a more
sample some hair and place it over the pimple. This forces complex shape, then the sampled and relocated pixels will be
you to undo the edit and switch to its cousin the Healing unlikely to blend successfully with their neighbours. In these
Brush, so that you can manually Alt-click to choose a patch instances youll still need the Healing Brush or Clone Stamp
of clear skin to place over the pimple. tools to manually sample more appropriate pixels.
Alternatively, by activating the Spot Healing Brushs So Content-Aware technology isnt infallible, but as youll
Content-Aware option it will analyse the pimple in context see, they can be very useful when retouching certain images.
154
COMMON PHOTO FIXES
Fix photos with Fill and Patch

Use Content-Aware to remove distracting background objects
ontent-Aware commands
C such as Fill and Patch can

help you conquer common
photo-fixing challenges.
Take a look at our shaggy dog image.
The horizon is tilted at an angle and
theres a black barbecue stand cluttering
up the background on the right,
distracting the eye from our canine
subject. You could try using the Crop
tool to straighten the wonky horizon,
but this would involve losing the lower
edge of the dog if you need to retain the
shape (or aspect ratio) of the image.
Bits of unwanted barbecue stand on
the right would still remain in the
cropped shot, so you would also need to
use the time-consuming Clone Stamp
tool to replace the unwanted barbecue
with clear sections of wall from the
other side of the door.
To remove unwanted objects more
quickly you can combine the powers of
the Patch tool with the Fill command,
especially as both can be made to be
Content-Aware. The Patch tool enables
you to replace the barbecue with blank
bits of wall and then blend the relocated
wall pixels seamlessly with their new
neighbours. You can then rotate the
shot to straighten the horizon, and use
the Content-Aware Fill command to
quickly fill these gaps. BEFORE
Fill and Patch
1
Draw a patch
2
Straighten the horizon
3
Fill the gaps
Open an image similar to the one above. In the Layers panel, double click the Choose the Lasso tool. Draw a rough
Grab the Patch tool. Set the Patch locked Background layer to make it selection around a transparent corner
option to Content-Aware. Set Adaptation editable. Go to Edit>Transform>Rotate. and its adjacent pixels. Go to Edit>Fill. Set
to Medium. Draw a patch around the Drag the corner handles to an angle of 5.00 Use to Content-Aware. Click OK. This fills
distracting element. Drag the patch to degrees to straighten the horizon. Your own the selection with appropriate bits of
overlap a clear section of the image. image will differ, of course. sandstone and wooden beam.
155
The Content-Aware Move tool

Recompose your subjects and fill the gap that they leave with this new tool
hen it comes to shooting
W animals (with a camera, we

hasten to add!), you dont
have much control over their
behaviour. This can cause you to
compromise when it comes to
composing your photographs.
Take this photo of some sheep,
for example. Ideally, we would have
preferred the sheep to take a few steps
to their left to fill the gap between the
group and the tree. In older versions of
Photoshop we could solve this problem
by grabbing the Patch tool, setting it to
Destination and then drawing round the
two sheep on the far left.
We could then drag them closer to
the tree to relocate them. Wed then
need to use the Clone Stamp tool to
replace the original two sheep with an
empty section of ground and sky.
Thanks to the new Content-Aware
Move tool in CS6 and CC you can work
more quickly. In the walkthrough below
youll discover how to select the sheep,
drag them into a new position and then
watch the gap that they leave become
filled with appropriate pixels. Youll
also learn how to tweak the Move tools
Adaptation options so that the gap left
by the relocated objects is filled with
content that blends more effectively
with its surroundings. BEFORE
Recompose shots with Content-Aware
1
Set up the options
2
Create new layer
3
Drag and drop
Open an image similar to the one above. Choose Layer>New Layer. Click OK. Drag the elements to the new
In the Options bar, set the Mode to Tick the Sample All layers box in the location. They should blend with
Move. If you leave it on Extend then the Options bar. This enables the moved and their new surroundings, and the gap they
sheep wont be replaced by an empty bit of filled areas to be applied to the transparent leave should be filled with appropriate detail.
landscape. Set the Adaptation to Very Strict layer, leaving the original layer untouched. You may need to draw and move a few times
so that the space left by the sheep blends. Draw around the elements you want to move. for the tool to work.
156
COMMON PHOTO FIXES
Photoshop Anatomy Content-Aware

Squeeze as much help as you can from Photoshops clever Content-Aware tools
6
1
2
5 6
1 ADAPTATION 3 EXTEND 5 PROTECTED AREAS
The Patch and the Content-Aware Move tools The Content-Aware Move tools Extend option enables The Content-Aware Scale command can avoid
Adaptation option enables you to fine-tune the way you to select textures at the edge of the frame and squashing certain objects if you select them, turn them
the edited pixels blend with their surroundings. drag to extend them. into an Alpha channel and select that channel.
2 OPTIONS 4 CONTENT-AWARE 6 SKIN TONES
The Spot Healing Brush can automatically This compartment contains three Content-Aware tools The Content-Aware Scale command has a protect
sample adjacent pixels more intelligently if the Spot Healing Brush tool, the Patch tool and the skin tones icon if your shot has any people in it. This
you enable its Content-Aware option. Content-Aware Move tool. helps to avoid squashing them too.
Understanding
CONTENT-AWARE
SCALING
If you use the Edit> Edit>Content Aware 3
Transform>Scale Scale. Drag the left
command to scale a control handle of the
shot, youll squash or bounding box [2] to
2
stretch it. The Content- the right to transform
Aware Scale command it horizontally. The
can selectively squash command scales the
or stretch unimportant sky and grass between
pixels and preserve the tree and the cow 4
the proportions. For [3] to a greater extent, 1
an example, open an while making a lesser
image like the one transformation to the
on the right. Double tree and cow [4]. This
click the Background avoids squashing the
layers thumbnail to animal while placing it
unlock it [1]. Go to closer to the tree.
157
Retouch
portraits
Learn how to reshape faces
and clothes, tidy and colour
hair, and polish off your
portraits to perfection BEFORE
n this tutorial weve got a selection of professional
I retouching techniques for reshaping bulges in

clothes, boosting skin and adding depth with the
Dodge and Burn tools. Along the way we cover key
skills like selections, layer masks and adjustment layers. You
might not need to use every skill here on every portrait, but
its useful to have them in your retouching arsenal for when
theyre needed. Well round things off with a retro colour
effect using brushes. And most important, every edit in the
workflow is on a separate layer, so you can keep things
natural by reining in any over-the-top effects by lowering the
opacity. Open retouch_before.jpg to get started. Right click
the layer in the Layers panel and choose Convert to Smart
Object, then go to Filter>Liquify. Zoom in to the waist, then
grab the Forward Warp tool and use it to gently push the
clothes into a smoother line. Next, move on to the face. Push
the nose inwards slightly and tuck in the chin for a stronger
jaw line. Click OK and proceed to step one.
1
Copy the dress
2
Hide the creases
Theres a distracting fold in the clothes where the dress Grab the Move tool and drag the newly copied piece
meets the armpit. The easiest way to remove it is to of dress over the offending crease under the armpit.
copy a similar area on top. Grab the Lasso tool from the Tools Try to position it so that the pattern continues unbroken.
panel and make a rough selection of a nearby area of dress. Hold down Alt and click the Add layer mask icon to hide the
Make it slightly larger than the crease we want to cover. Hit extra piece of dress. Grab the Brush tool, set colour to white,
Cmd/Ctrl+J to copy the selection to a new layer. choose a soft-edged tip, then paint to obscure the crease.
158
COMMON PHOTO FIXES
3
Clone and heal
4
Add depth
Click the Create new layer icon in the Layers panel. Press Cmd/Ctrl+Shift+ Alt+E to merge a new layer.
Grab the Clone Stamp tool. Set Sample: All Layers in Set the Blend mode to Luminosity. Now we can lighten
the tool options and hit 2 for 20% opacity. Smooth out any or darken tones without affecting colour. Grab the Dodge tool
rough patches by Alt-clicking to sample clean areas nearby. and set Range: Highlights, Exposure 12%, and paint to lighten
To remove spots or stray hairs, grab the Spot Healing brush, the highlights on the face and arms. Switch to the Burn tool,
check Sample All Layers, and then paint over them. set Range: Shadows, and paint to darken the shadows.
5
Fix her roots
6
Lift the eyes
To improve the darker patches of hair, create a new Zoom in to the eyes. Create a Curves adjustment layer,
layer and change the Blend mode to Color. Grab the then plot two points on the line to create an S-shape,
Brush tool. Alt-click over the hair to sample a colour, then boosting contrast. Hit Cmd/Ctrl+I to invert the layer mask to
paint over the dark patch. If the colours too strong, lower the black, then paint with white over the iris to reveal the effect.
layer opacity. Hit Cmd/Ctrl+J to copy the layer, then change Add a Hue/Saturation layer. Boost saturation, then Alt-drag
the Blend mode to Screen and lower the opacity to 10%. the mask thumbnail from the Curves layer to copy it over.
7
Sharpen up
8
Add some colour
Add a Curves layer and lift the curve line. Press Cmd/ Create a Solid Color adjustment layer. Change the
Ctrl+I and paint to reveal the effect in the eye whites. blending mode to Soft Light, then set the colour to
Add a Curves layer, darken the image, then restrict it to the R: 146, G: 82, B: 165. Create a new layer and set the mode to
edges of the iris and pupil. Add another and boost contrast Screen. Grab the Brush tool and paint a few large, soft spots
in the hair. Create a new layer. Grab the Sharpen tool. Set of dark red and yellow. Lower the opacity. Add a Curves layer
Strength 13% and check Sample All Layers. Paint the lashes. and plot a shallow S-curve to boost the contrast. Q
159
+VKNL;VVS 6
)\YU;VVS 6
:WVUNL;VVS 6
Dodge and Burn

Get to grips with these versatile tools to tweak
the tones of your photographs with precision
n this Tool School, we look at the versatile Dodge, you needed to protect or mask the rest of the photo
I Burn and Sponge tools. These useful brush-based

tools let you lighten (dodge) or darken (burn)
shadows, midtones or highlights in specific areas,
paper with a piece of card. The longer exposure time would
darken the unmasked region.
Cameras use multiple points to assess, or meter, the
offering a quick and easy way to fine-tune exposure-related scenes lighting. If you shoot a person against a bright sky,
problems and reveal more detail. Well come back to the the camera may set the exposure to capture detail in the
Sponge tool in due course, because its not a major player brighter areas, so the (darker) person will be under-exposed.
compared with the Dodge and Burn tools. Alternatively, the camera may expose a landscape to capture
The Dodge and Burn tools take their names from detail in the terrain, over-exposing the brighter highlights
traditional darkroom techniques. Negatives were developed and blowing out sky detail. You may find that atmospheric
by shining light from an enlarger onto a piece of light- conditions cause distant features such as mist-diffused
sensitive paper. If you placed a small object between the light mountains to become washed out. The Dodge and Burn
and the paper during the exposure, you could cast a shadow tools let you target and tweak problematic areas to reveal
on a specific part of the print. Since the shaded (dodged) area more tonal detail, without adjusting the exposure of the
received less light than the rest of the shot, it would remain scene as a whole. The Dodge and Burn tools share a toolbox
lighter. To darken (burn) detail in a different part of the print, compartment with the Sponge tool. Heres how to use them
160
COMMON PHOTO FIXES
Combining Dodge and Burn with layers

Use layer blends to help you employ these powerful tools in a non-destructive way
ike many Photoshop tools,
L the Dodge, Burn and Sponge

tools are brush-based. This
means you can use the Brush
Preset Picker to soften their edges,
more effectively blending edited areas
with their neighbouring pixels.
You can also change the size of each
tools tip to make it act upon a larger
region, or fine-tune a smaller section,
with precision. You can also use the
Options bar in order to customise the
way the Dodge and Burn tools behave.
If you want to use the Dodge tool
to lighten an areas midtones without
over-exposing its highlights like on
the wall in our monochrome landscape,
for example then go to the Options
bar and set the Range in the drop-
down menu to Shadows. This will force
the Dodge tool to lighten the darkest
shadow pixels, but leave the lighter
midtones and highlights untouched.
When you use the Dodge and Burn
tools, you permanently change the
contents of the image.
In the step-by-step tutorial below,
we show you how to dodge and burn
a landscape image on a separate layer,
which will give you the freedom to
experiment without permanently
lightening or darkening the tones on
the original shot.
Dodge and burn non-destructively
1
Fill with grey
2
Lighten the landscape
3
Darken the sky
Open a landscape image with exposure Select the Dodge tool. Set Size to 300, Select the Burn tool. Set Size to 700,
problems. Choose Layer>New Range to Midtones and Exposure to Range to Highlights and Exposure to
Adjustment Layer>Black & White. Click the 25%. Click the Overlay layer, then paint 30%. Paint over the sky to reveal some of
Create new layer icon. Choose Edit>Fill. Use over the landscape to lighten its midtones. the over-exposed highlight detail. Switch
50% Gray, and click OK. Now set the grey The low Exposure setting lets us dodge the between the Dodge and Burn tools to lighten
layers Blend mode to Overlay. landscape in finer increments. or darken particular features.
161
Retouch a portrait
Use the Dodge and Sponge tools to correct flaws and create brighter eyes
s well as enabling you to
A bring out the shapes and

textures in a monochrome
landscape, the Dodge and
Burn tools can help you enhance a
portrait. In this step-by-step guide
well show you how to draw attention to
the subjects eyes by dodging their
whites to make them brighter. Youll
also learn how to create a more
attractive smile by lightening the
subjects teeth.
When dodging bright highlights, you
risk creating blown-out or clipped
areas that feature no detail. You can
also create unsightly shifts in colour
and exaggerate colours you dont want
to see, such as red blood vessels in
the subjects eyes. The Protect Tones
box in the Options bar is designed to
help reduce clipping, but if you dodge
directly onto the image layer then
clipping and exaggerated colours can
still occur.
In our step-by-step guide well show
you how to limit the Dodge tool so that
it lightens tones, but leaves colours
untouched. To do this, you need to
dodge onto a copy of the original layer.
By setting the duplicate layers Blend
mode to Luminosity, youll only see
changes in brightness, and the colours
will be left unchanged.
Brighter eyes
1
Duplicate the layer
2
Lighten the highlights
3
Whiten the teeth
Open one of your portraits. In the Grab the Dodge tool and choose a soft Drop Exposure to 5% and paint
Layers panel, drag the Background layer round brush with a Size of 100. Set to lighten the teeth. Then choose
onto the Create a new layer icon to duplicate Range to Highlights and Exposure to 11%. Layer>Flatten Image. Grab the Sponge tool
it, then set the Background Copy layers Click the Background Copy to target that and set Mode to Desaturate and Flow to 40.
Blend mode to Luminosity using the drop- layer. Paint a few strokes over the eyes to Set the brush size to 125 and paint over the
down menu at the top of the Layers panel. lighten them. teeth to remove the stains.
162
COMMON PHOTO FIXES
Photoshop Anatomy Dodge, Burn & Sponge

Tweak tones with more precision by modifying the behaviour of these brush-based tools
4 5
1 RANGE 3 EXPOSURE 5 PROTECT TONES
You can get the Dodge and Burn tools to work with By using a low Exposure setting, you can dodge or burn Keep this box ticked to help minimise the amount of
specific tones by choosing Shadow, Midtones or in smaller increments. This helps you avoid going clipping and hue changing produced by the Dodge
Highlights from the Range drop-down menu. over the top with your tone tweaking. and Burn tools.
2 TOOL COMPARTMENT 4 AIRBRUSH MODE 6 VIBRANCE
The Dodge, Burn and Sponge tools are a tone-tweaking This mode enables you to use a pressure-sensitive This is a Sponge tool option. It stops the tool from
team, so they share the same compartment in the stylus to vary the exposure when dodging and burning. over-saturating colours that are already vibrant;
Tools Panel. Press Shift+O to cycle between them. It works with the tablets pressure settings. it will only alter weaker colours.
3 APPLYING GLOBAL
Understanding 1
4
TONE CHANGES
THE BRUSH 2 Before you begin to use the

non-destructive dodging and
PRESET PICKER burning technique demonstrated
in our step-by-step guide here,
use Layer>New Adjustment
You can increase the [3] you can preview
Layer>Levels to tweak the overall
size of the Dodge, Burn the edited brush tips
range of tones in the image. A
or Sponge tools [1] to shape in the Brushes
healthy monochrome print needs
cover wide areas like Panel, and check
a strong contrast between the
a sky quickly, or tweak how soft or hard its darkest shadows and the brightest
smaller areas like edge is. If you want to highlights, or it will look too grey
teeth with precision. preserve and reuse a and flat. In the Levels command
To help the edited particular combination window, drag the black input
pixels blend more of Size and Hardness, levels slider right to the edge of
effectively with their click the New Preset the histogram graph to darken
neighbours, drag the icon [4]. You can then the blackest shadows. Drag the
Hardness slider [2] to give your brush a white input levels slider left to
the left. This creates a name (such as Tooth the other edge of the graph. This
brush that produces Brush). Youll find the will help the landscapes lighter
a more gradual soft- saved tip by scrolling details stand out even further, and
edged adjustment. to the bottom of the increase the contrast of the image
If you click this icon Brush Preset picker. as a whole.
163
BEFORE
WATCH
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Dodge and Burn

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tools in action
Discover how to draw the eye around an image, using two
of the most useful tools in Photoshops creative arsenal
1
Lift the subject
2
Darken distractions
Press Cmd/Ctrl+J to duplicate the background. Grab the Switch to the Burn tool. Set Range to Midtones for
Dodge tool from the Tools panel. In the tool options at general darkening, or Shadows to push the darker areas
the top, set Range to Midtones, Exposure 10%. Paint over more. Keep Exposure below 20%. Darken parts of the image
areas of the image to gradually lighten them, using the ] and [ you want to de-emphasise, such as distractions. If you find
keys to change the brush size. you need to dodge again, hold down Alt to switch back.
164
COMMON PHOTO FIXES
Photoshop Anatomy Dodge and Burn

Discover the menus and options to help you control these powerful tools
1
2 3
1 RANGE 2 EXPOSURE 3 PROTECT TONES
Both the Dodge and Burn tools enable you to target The Exposure slider controls the strength of the With the Protect Tones option turned on, the tools
either the Shadows, Midtones or Highlights. For general darkening or lightening effect each tool produces. It wont clip tones to pure white or black, which is
lightening or darkening, use Midtones. As a rule, dont goes all the way to 100%, but its usually best to keep useful when burning on shadows or dodging on
Dodge on Shadows or Burn on Highlights. However, it below 20% and build up the effect gradually. Use the highlights. At times it can be useful to switch this off
if you want to add contrast to an area, first Dodge on number keys on your keyboard to quickly set a value: 1 perhaps if you need to lighten a white backdrop to
Highlights, then Burn on Shadows. for 10%, 2 for 20% and so on. make it perfectly clean.
4 SPONGE 5 GREY LAYER
Alongside the Dodge and Burn Fill a layer with 50% grey and set its
tools in the Tools panel sits the blending mode to Overlay for non- 5
Sponge tool. It enables you to destructive editing. To add the layer,
selectively add or take out colour Alt-click the New layer icon in the Layers
4 saturation ideal for boosting a panel, set the blending mode to Overlay
blue sky or toning down yellow and tick the Fill box. Now use Dodge
teeth. With the Vibrance option and Burn with Range set to Midtones, or
ticked, the tool affects simply paint in white and black. To see
under-saturated colours which areas are affected, Alt-click the
while preserving stronger shades. layers eye icon to hide the other layers.
Understanding
WHERE TO DODGE 5
AND BURN
Our eyes are drawn to such as the rocks here
the lightest parts of an [3] and the sunlit edges
image first, so if you of the ruin [4] will
need to draw attention benefit from dodging
to your subject, lighten the highlights to really
it [1] and emphasise any make them stand out. 4
leading lines that head And you can boost 1
towards it, then darken subtle colours in a sky
down any distractions. [5] using the Sponge
Darkening down corners tool set to Saturate.
[2] can also help your Subtlety is key: always
composition by drawing use a separate layer so
the eye in towards the that you have the option
2
centre of the image and to tone down the effect 3
away from the edges afterwards by lowering
of the frame. Objects the layer opacity.
165
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CREATIVE EFFECTS GET THE FILES HERE: http://bit.ly/typs2016
168
CREATIVE EFFECTS
Creative
effects
Discover the techniques you need to use to transform
your photos with Photoshops creative processing tools
Make a large Make a motoring

170 panoramic image
Discover how to combine multiple
overlapping landscape photographs into a single
178 montage
Discover how to create fun,
eye-catching composite images by shooting and
combining people and toys
panoramic picture in Photoshop
Make a smoking
172
Make panorama
directly in Camera Raw
Use Camera Raws new Panorama
Merge tool to create panoramic DNG files directly
from your raw photos
182 dancer image
Craft intricate shapes out
of incense smoke trails using simple blending mode
and Transform controls
Create stunning
186
Discover Camera Raws
174 HDR Merge feature
Create natural-looking HDR images by
merging your raw files and JPEGs directly in Camera
Raw and then enhancing them
spiral patterns
Learn how to create glowing circles
of light using a simple star picture, then composite it
in a photo with 3D depth-of-field tools
Learn Photoshops
176 HDR Toning tools
Find out how to use Photoshops in-
built HDR Toning tools to create an HDR effect from
just a single photograph
169
Make a
panorama
Discover how to stitch frames
together with Photomerge
can use layers and masks to combine details from
Y different photographs to make a composite image,

but these techniques can be very time consuming.
Photoshops Photomerge command, however,
enables you to automate the processes of importing multiple
images into a single document and blending them into a
seamless panorama.
A photograph of a landscape can be disappointing when
compared with our memory of the scene, because our
peripheral vision tends to give us a wider field of view than a
camera lens. You could try shooting with a wide-angle lens,
but this can darken the corners of the image, and make the
vertical lines at the edges of the frame curve. By panning
the camera to shoot multiple images of the scene, you
can capture a wider field of view with less vignetting and
geometric distortion, and also produce a much larger print,
especially if you shoot in portrait orientation.
You can then stitch these separate images together using
the Photomerge command to create a stunning wide-angle
composite that reveals more of the location than your lens
could capture in a single shot. Photomerge automatically
creates a wider canvas, positions the images so that the edge
details overlap, and blends their edges together using masks.
It also corrects vignetting and distortion, to help the images
blend together.
1
Select the images
2
Choose your options
Browse to the panorama source images in Bridge, Shift- Choose the Auto Layout option. This enables
click to select them and choose Tools>Photoshop> Photomerge to move the images so that they
Photomerge. Alternatively, in Photoshop choose File> overlap, and distort them if necessary to get them to align.
Automate>Photomerge. Click Browse and navigate to Tick Blend Images Together to create masks. Tick Vignette
select TYCC69.jpg to TYCC75.jpg. Removal so that areas such as the sky will be more even.
170
CREATIVE EFFECTS
3
Create a panorama
4
Fill the edges
Click OK. Photomerge creates a wider canvas, adds the Go to Layer>Flatten Image. The transparent edges will
images as layers and moves them into position. You turn white. Grab the Magic Wand and select the white
may notice transparent areas around the edges of the pixels. Choose Select>Modify>Expand. Choose a value of 4
repositioned and distorted images. You could crop the edges, pixels. Click OK. Go to Edit>Fill>Content-Aware. Press Cmd/
but that would create a much smaller panorama. Ctrl+D to deselect the marquee. The white patches vanish.
171
BEFORE
WATCH
VIDEO
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pmz63video
Merge panoramas
with Camera Raw
Camera Raw now has some of the merging capabilities of
Photoshop, and its especially good at making panoramas
heres an increasing amount of crossover in them when you can do it as a single process from Camera
T editing tools between Camera Raw and Photoshop

itself, and the panorama merging tools are a
perfect example. Its now possible to create
Raw. It also outputs a raw panorama in Adobes DNG format,
so you can still apply all the usual raw processing decisions
exposure, white balance, distortion correction, curves and so
seamless panoramic images straight from Camera Raw on even after the panorama has been created.
without having to open Photoshop at all. Inevitably, panoramas end up with rough edges because
There are advantages to doing it this way, partly because of the way the individual images have to be perspective-
it is faster and partly because you get some interesting and corrected, but Camera Raw has two options for dealing with
highly-effective merging tools. this. Its Auto-Crop option crops right up to the edge of the
Using Camera Raw is especially efficient if you shot your image area, saving you from some precise and tedious manual
original images in the raw format, because theres little point cropping, while the new Boundary Warp option distorts
in converting them and opening them in Photoshop to merge (warps) the image to fill the full panorama area.
172
CREATIVE EFFECTS
1
Open the source files
2
Merge to Panorama
Use our TYCC99 start files if you want to follow our When you open more than one image in Camera Raw
tutorial exactly they are numbered 1-7. You should theyre displayed as a vertical filmstrip on the left side
open them directly from Camera Raw by first selecting all of the window. In the top corner youll see a drop-down
seven files, then right-clicking any one of them and choosing menu icon, and from here you need to choose Select All and
Open in Camera Raw from the menu. then the Merge to Panorama menu option.
3
Panorama Merge Preview
4
Projections explained
After a few moments spent merging the images, Youll see the effect of the different Projections more
Camera Raw will open the Panorama Merge window, clearly if you deselect the Auto Crop box. Spherical
where you choose the Projection settings and Crop and Warp projections combine the images on the inside surface of a
settings. By default, the Spherical projection is used and virtual sphere, cylindrical projections use a virtual cylinder,
untidy edges are cropped off. It looks good already! while the Perspective option simulates a super-wide lens.
5
Boundary Warp explained
6
Back in Camera Raw
The Auto Crop option inevitably crops off some parts When youre happy, click the Merge button in the top
of the panorama, and if you dont want that, the alter- right corner. When the merge process is finished, a
native is the new Boundary Warp tool. This warps the full new merged DNG file appears in the Camera Raw filmstrip
panoramic image to push it right to the edges of the frame (even if you started with JPEGs). You can now open this in
the downside is that it does introduce some distortion. Photoshop or simply save it out as a new file.
173
BEFORE
WATCH
VIDEO
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pmz63video
Merge HDR shots

with Camera Raw
Who needs HDR plug-ins? The HDR Merge feature now in
Camera Raw produces very natural, controllable results
hotoshop has its own HDR tools, and for those Camera Raw can automatically align images (useful if you
P who find these rather complex, there are plenty of

third-party HDR plug-ins on the market. The
difficulty with all of these, though, is that they
werent using a tripod) and automatically adjust the exposure
(Auto Tone). It also has Deghosting options, which you may
need to resolve movement between frames.
introduce new jargon and processes to learn and, even when Most of our walkthrough, though, is devoted to the
youve mastered these, its not always easy to create natural- adjustments you can apply to your HDR image once its
looking results and avoid that oversaturated HDR look. been merged. Youre working in the familiar Camera Raw
So the arrival of the HDR Merge feature in Adobe Camera editing environment with a flexible DNG-format image and
Raw is really welcome. It doesnt just save time, it produces all of the global and local adjustment tools at your disposal.
refreshingly natural-looking HDR images with little effort. The ones youll find most useful for HDR are the Dehaze
Like other HDR tools it presents an early preview of your tool, Exposure, Highlight, Shadow and Clarity sliders, and
merged image with controls for optimising the results. Graduated Filter between them, they can work wonders.
174
CREATIVE EFFECTS
1
Open the source files TYCC76-80
2
HDR Merge Preview
Start by selecting all the source images in Bridge, then Camera Raw will merge the images and show a com-
right-click any one of them and choose Open in Camera posite preview image in this window. You can leave the
Raw from the menu. Theyll be displayed in the filmstrip Align Images and Auto Tone boxes checked. The Deghost
panel down the left side of the Camera Raw window use option is there if you have movement between frames. If you
the menu to Select All and then Merge to HDR turn it on, youll see ghosted areas show in the picture.
3
Use Dehaze to boost flat skies
4
Exploit Highlights and Shadows
Camera Raw will merge the separate shots into a single The advantage of using Camera Raw for HDR merging
DNG file, ready for editing, and this is where you can is that you use its regular adjustment tools to improve
really enhance the results. For example, although its not your picture rather than having to master bespoke and often
specifically designed for skies, the Dehaze tool (Effects panel) complex HDR tools. Here, weve juggled the Exposure, High-
gives our flat-looking sky a more dramatic, stormy look. lights and Shadows sliders to get the maximum tonal range.
5
Clarity can cure low contrast
6
Use Graduated Filters on skies
Sometimes you can compress a wide brightness range If the sky is still a little too bright, use the Graduated
in an HDR shot so much that it loses contrast and Filter tool to darken it down the DNG file almost
looks flat. If so, try giving the Clarity slider a hefty boost. certainly has highlight detail in reserve that you can bring
This increases the localised contrast in the picture, making out. Weve finished off with the filters Brush tool to erase
objects and outlines stand out much more clearly. the effect on the church tower where it juts up into the sky.
175
BEFORE
How to use the

HDR Toning tools
Photoshops HDR Toning adjustments can give an HDR
look to single images, but they can also be tricky to use
igh dynamic range (HDR) images are usually detail in the sky is fine, but the bridge and the buildings are
H created by blending a series of different exposures

of the same scene. Photoshops HDR Toning
command, on the Image > Adjustments menu,
too dark to be able to see their details clearly.
Were not using all the HDR Toning tools, so heres a quick
guide to the others and as always with HDR tools, you can
however, is designed to offer HDR style effects and expect some differences in the jargon and operation.
adjustments for single images. The Gamma and Exposure sliders in the Tone and Detail
In order to balance highlight and shadow detail in this way section work like brightness and contrast adjustments.
youll need a photo with a full range of tones. It helps to start Increasing the exposure will quickly clip highlight details,
from a raw file, since this will typically offer a little more though, so take care. Moving the Gamma slider to the left
dynamic range than a JPEG. In this instance, though, our increases contrast, moving it to the right reduces it. Lastly,
sample photo (TYCC84.jpg) does have a full range of tones the Toning Curve adjustments in the bottom section work
and should benefit from the HDR toning treatment. The more or less like Photoshops regular Curves tools.
176
CREATIVE EFFECTS
1
Try the preset effects
2
Now start from the defaults
You dont have to get embroiled in the HDR Toning If you want to create a more natural-looking result,
settings if you dont want to because theres a Presets youre better off starting from the Default settings
menu at the top of the dialog. The effects are pretty harsh and option at the top of the Preset menu. Note that we have
unsubtle, though, including this City Twilight effect, which increased the Detail value to 100% in the Tone and Detail
has really burned out the details in the sky and water. section this will make the Edge Glow effects stronger
3
Glow strength
4
Glow radius
Youll notice that the default settings produce unnatu- You can get a much more natural look by combining
rally flat-looking detail, and the Edge Glow section is a high radius value with a low strength setting. This
where you fix that. It works a lot like the Unsharp Mask filter spreads the glow effect so that its less prominent and still
it exaggerates details but can create obvious edge halos gives the HDR image the localised contrast boost it needs to
with high strength settings and low-medium radius values. look realistic. Its a delicate balancing act that needs practice.
5
Recovering highlights
6
Saturation and vibrance
These adjustments have pushed the brighter parts of If your picture still needs a bit of a boost, try
the sky into overexposure, but we can correct that by increasing the saturation and vibrance sliders in
moving the Highlights slider to the left in the Advanced the Advanced section. The saturation slider increases the
section. This tends to show up any chromatic aberration in strength of all colours equally, but the vibrance slider can
the picture, though note the edges of the buildings, far left. give better results by boosting the weaker colours more.
177
Make a motoring WATCH

toy montage VIDEO
www.bit.ly/
pmz63video
Discover how to create fun, eye-catching composite

images by shooting and combining people and toys
his tutorial is a combination of two fun techniques images properly is much more important than knowing
T forced perspective and Photoshop montage.

With a little in-camera visual trickery, we can
make a foot-long car look life-sized, then drop in
how to paint a layer mask. The key is to shoot all the
elements under similar lighting conditions and from the
same angle, using a tripod for consistency. That way, when
the driver and even add a few motion effects. it comes to combining them, the play of light and shade is
Pulling off an effect like this requires some Photoshop consistent across every element in the scene, making it
know-how, but its not all about Photoshop. Capturing the easier to hide the joins between the images.
178
CREATIVE EFFECTS
1
Get set up
2
Use manual mode
To shoot a forced perspective scene like this, you need We set the camera on a tripod, then tweaked the
to match the foreground and background, and play with camera, car and platform until the perspective matched
the angles until it looks right. To make the toy look life-size the road. We used a 24-105mm lens wide open, making sure
we rigged up a platform. It helps if the platform can be moved the camera was low enough for the car to appear life-size.
up or down, so a tripod and clamp are ideal. We covered the Consistency across the shots is crucial, so use manual mode
platform in sandpaper, and scattered stones and dirt on it. and fire off a few test shots to work out the exposure.
3
Shoot a stack
4
Shoot everything else
When you shoot objects that are close to the lens, When shooting for a composite, try to piece the scene
the depth of field is very limited, and its hard to get together in your head. Its better to shoot more than
the entire subject sharp. Switch to manual focus and shoot you need than to overlook a crucial element. For example, we
a series of images, making incremental adjustments with the needed the empty scene to include the verges obscured by the
focus ring until youve recorded sharpness across the subject. platform. Its always useful to get a shot of the empty scene
Combining the sharp areas in Photoshop is a simple job. to use as a base for the other elements.
5
Shoot the model
6
Sweat the small stuff
The most important thing with composites is to shoot Attention to detail helps to bring the elements
the elements in the same lighting and with a similar together. We styled the models hair to make it look
camera angle. This makes it easier to bring it all together, and windswept, and draped a black coat over the back of the chair
helps to trick the eye. So we positioned the boy in roughly to match the tones of the black seat in the toy car. Chance
the same place, and gave him a ring to hold so that his hands details can be helpful too. During the shoot a classic car
would be easier to match up with the steering wheel. passed us on the track, which made for a point of interest.
179
7
Open in Photoshop
8
Select the car
Shift-click between car_comp1 and 4 in Bridge to Check Seamless Colors and click OK. Hit Cmd/Ctrl+E
highlight them. Go to Tools>Photoshop>Load Files into to merge the top three layers. Grab the Quick Selection
Photoshop Layers. Shift-click between the top and bottom tool. Begin painting over the car to select it. The tool will
layers in the Layers panel to highlight them, then go to Edit> snap on to the edges of shapes. If it goes wrong, hold down
Auto-Align Layers. Set Auto and click OK. Next, highlight the Alt and paint to subtract from the selection. Select the entire
top three layers, then go to Edit>Auto-Blend Layers. car (be sure to subtract the gaps between the wheel spokes).
9
Improve the edges
10
Blend the ground
When youre happy with the selection go to Select> Grab the Brush tool. With masks, painting black
Refine Edge. Press F to cycle through views, then use hides the layer and white reveals. So press D to
the sliders to improve the edges of the selection. Set Radius set the colour to white and choose a large, soft-edged circular
0.5, Smooth 20, Feather 0.4, Contrast 20. Choose Output brush tip, then paint to reveal the platform around the car,
to: Layer Mask and click OK. Go to the Layers panel and creating a seamless blend between the layers. Press X to
highlight the layer mask thumbnail on the top layer. switch to black if you need to hide any parts of the layer.
11
Select the driver
12
Select the wheel
Open car_comp5.jpg, grab the Quick Selection tool Drag the boy up to the tab of the other image,
and use it to select the boy. Click the Refine Edge then down in to copy the layer over. Click the eye
button at the top. Check Smart Radius and set Radius to 1.2, icon to hide the boy layer, then highlight the car layer. We
then paint over the hair to improve the selection. Set Feather need to select parts of the car that we intend to be in front
0.3, Shift Edge -13 and Output to: New Layer with Layer of the driver, to slot the driver in behind. So grab the Quick
Mask. Click OK and select the Move tool. Selection tool and select the steering wheel and front section.
180
CREATIVE EFFECTS
13
Position the boy
14
Mask the wheel
Go to Refine Edge and set Smooth 20, Output to: Press Enter to apply. Click the Add layer mask
New Layer with Layer Mask. Reveal the hidden icon in the Layers panel, then grab the Brush tool
layers. Rename the layers boy, wheel and car, then drag the and paint black over the left arm of the drivers seat to hide
boy layer below the wheel. Right click it and choose Convert the boys leg, so that he looks nestled in. Highlight the mask
to Smart Object. Press Cmd/Ctrl+T. Use the box to resize the thumbnail on the wheel layer and paint black to hide the part
layer (holding Shift) and move the driver into position. of the steering wheel over the hand. Highlight the boy layer.
15
Paint a shadow
16
Select the wheel
Click the Create new layer icon in the Layers panel. Press Cmd/Ctrl+Shift+Alt+E to merge a copy of
Hold down Alt and click the line between the all the layers. Grab the Elliptical Marquee tool
newly created layer and the boy layer below to clip the layer. from the Tools panel and draw a selection over the front right
Next, grab the Brush tool, set the colour to black and hit 4 for wheel (use Select>Transform Selection to fine-tune it). Hit
40% opacity, then paint along the edge where the body meets Cmd/Ctrl+J to copy the wheel to a new layer, then hold Cmd/
the seat to add a subtle shadow. Highlight the top layer. Ctrl and click the layer thumbnail.
17
Blur the wheels
18
Add the other car
Go to Filter>Blur>Radial Blur. Set Amount 8, Blur Use the Lasso tool to select the top-left corner,
Method Spin, Quality Best, and move the centre of then drag it in and position it with the Move
the blur to match the wheel, then click OK. Next, repeat the tool. Create a new layer, then grab the Clone Stamp tool. Set
process to add blur to the front left wheel. This time youll Sample: All Layers and Alt-click to sample part of the boys
need to add a layer mask and paint with black to hide the blur cardigan, then clone out the black ring. Clone any messy areas
over the car and between the spokes. Open car_comp6. around the car. Crop the transparent edges with the Crop tool.
181
BEFORE
WATCH
Make a VIDEO
www.bit.ly/
pmz63video
smoking
dancer
Craft intricate shapes out
of incense smoke trails using
simple blending mode and
Transform controls
moke trails create beautiful organic shapes that
S are perfect for a Photoshop project. Weve

supplied a few smoke images, but you might
want to make your own. It looks best when shot
in front of a dark backdrop and lit from behind. The contrast
with the background makes the smoke stand out, and the
backlighting gives it a beautiful glow. The easiest way to
achieve this is to light an incense stick from behind. Once
done, you can turn the flowing smoke into any form you
like such as our dancer here using simple blending
mode and Transform controls. This is easier than it looks,
and the results can be stunning.
182
183
1
Make a new document
2
Add the dancer
Go to File>New and use the Preset drop-down menu and Size Open dancer.jpg (or if you prefer, any shape of your own)
drop-down menu to choose a size for your image (we went for and select the Move tool. Click the image and drag it up to
A4 size). Go to the Background Contents option, set the colour to the tab of your new black image, then down into the image window
black, and click OK. Next grab the Move tool from the Tools panel. to copy the image over. Position it centrally, then go to the Layers
Go to the options bar at the top and check Show Transform Controls panel (Window>Layers) and lower the layer opacity until the dancer
and Auto-Select Layer. is only just visible.
3
Select the smoke
4
Blend and position
Open Smoke08.jpg, then grab the Lasso tool from the Tools Go to the Layers panel, drag the newly added smoke layer
panel. Look for areas of the smoke that will match the shape below the dancer layer, then click the blending mode
you want to make. Here theres a part that looks like a head, so drag drop-down menu at the top of the Layers panel and choose Screen.
around it to make a rough selection. Grab the Move tool again and Next, click the bounding box that surrounds the smoke layer to
drag the selected area up to the tab of the main image, then down in transform it. Rotate the layer to fit the shape of the dancer, using
to copy it over. the other layer as a visual guide.
184
CREATIVE EFFECTS
5
Warp the shape
6
Make a dress
While transforming a layer, you can right click to choose The shape of smoke03 looks kind of like a frilly dress,
different transform options. Choose Warp, then drag so use the Lasso tool to make a rough selection around
different parts of the grid to warp the layer so that the smoke follows the area. Once again, use the Move tool to drag it into the main
the shape of the body. Press Enter to apply. Open the other smoke image, then set the blending mode to Screen and use the
images and examine them for parts of the smoke that will roughly Transform controls to reposition, rotate and reshape it. Press
match the body, arms and limbs. Enter to apply the transformation.
7
Build it up
8
Add colour
Copy in more smoke layers, using the Screen blending mode When youre happy with the shape of the smoke, click the
to combine them, and the Warp Transform command to Eye icon to hide the dancer layer. Next, highlight the top
reshape them. If you need to hide any parts of a layer, click the layer and click the Create new layer icon. Set the blending mode to
Add layer mask icon in the Layers panel and paint with black Color, then grab the brush tool, click the colour picker and choose
directly on the mask to hide the smoke in areas that you dont a colour. Paint over parts of the image to colour it, then lower the
want it to appear in your final montage. layer opacity until it looks right.
185
BEFORE
Create WATCH
VIDEO
stunning www.bit.ly/
pmz63video
spirals
Create glowing circles of light using a
simple star picture, then composite
it in a photo with 3D tools
his image was born out of a mistake that happened during
T the shoot. The idea was to light the model from behind with
a speedlight, but the positioning was slightly off and the
speedlight ended up in the shot, producing an unsightly
bright spot. We liked the pose, so we thought, why not turn that bright
spot into an asset and build a few effects around it? To do so, weve
used an image of some stars, downloaded for free from the NASA
website. The spiral effect may look complicated, but with a simple
shortcut, it only takes a few seconds to create.
The first stage is to render a lens flare in Photoshop. Open
glow_before from the downloads. Click the Create new layer icon in
the Layers panel, then press D to set the foreground colour to black,
and Alt+Backspace to fill the layer. Change the blending mode to
Screen, then right click the layer and choose Convert to Smart
Object. Go to Filter>Render>Lens Flare. Choose 50-300mm.
Follow the walkthrough overleaf to continue
186
CREATIVE EFFECTS
187
1
Add more flares
2
Add the stars
Tweak the position and click OK. You can double click the Shift-click between the top and bottom flare layers to
Smart Filter on the layer to re-enter the lens flare settings highlight them all, then press Cmd/Ctrl+G to group them.
if necessary. Next, press Cmd/Ctrl+J to duplicate the flare layer. Go to the NASA website and download a high-res image of some
Double click the Smart Filter, choose a different flare type and stars (we found ours here: http://tiny.cc/fh62ux). Open the image,
brightness, adjust the position, then click OK. Repeat the process then press Cmd/Ctrl+A to select all, Cmd/Ctrl+C to copy, then go
to add more flares across the image. to the main image and press Cmd/Ctrl+V to paste the stars in.
3
Blend with Screen
4
Copy, rotate and shrink
Press Cmd/Ctrl+T to transform the layer, then hold down Press Cmd/Ctrl+J to copy the stars layer, then press Cmd/
Shift while dragging the corner to enlarge it. Press Enter to Ctrl+T to enter Transform mode. Hold down Shift+Alt
apply. Go to the Layers panel and change the blending mode of the and drag one of the corner points inwards to make the box slightly
stars layer to Screen. Press Cmd/Ctrl+L for Levels, then drag the smaller from the centre point, then drag outside the corner point
midpoint to the right slightly and the white point inwards to add to rotate the layer slightly. Press Enter to apply the transformation.
contrast and get rid of some of the background noise. Now comes the clever bit
188
CREATIVE EFFECTS
5
Create the spiral with step & repeat
6
Merge the layers and make a mesh
Press Cmd/Ctrl+Shift+ Alt+T. This duplicates the layer Shift-click between the top and bottom star layer to
and repeats the last transformation command all in one go, highlight them all, then press Cmd/Ctrl+E to merge
creating the beginning of a spiral pattern. Press the shortcut many them all into a single combined layer. Go to 3D>New Mesh from
more times to repeat until you have lots of copies of the layer that Layer>Postcard. Go to the 3D panel (Window>3D) then highlight the
gradually get smaller and smaller, resulting in a spiralling pattern new merged layer. Use the axis controls to rotate and reposition the
of stars. spiral as shown in the screengrab.
7
Add the depth of field effect
8
Mask and tone
We can add depth-of-field effects to 3D shapes. Highlight Grab the Brush tool and paint with black to hide the spiral over
Current View in the 3D panel, then go to the Properties panel. parts of the body to make it look like its behind the figure.
Set Depth to about 1.3, then use the Distance slider to adjust the Finally, add a Hue/Saturation adjustment layer, set the blending mode
point of focus to keep the centre of the spiral sharp. When youre to Soft Light. Check Colorize and set Hue 37, Saturation 15. Finally,
happy with the blur, right click the 3D layer in the Layers panel and copy in the stars image again, set the blending mode to Screen and
choose Rasterize 3D. Click the Add layer mask icon. position a few more small stars in the background.
189
ADVANCED FEATURES GET THE FILES HERE: http://bit.ly/typs2016
190
ADVANCED FEATURES
Advanced features
Discover how to enhance your creative projects with paint
effects, custom text captions, 3D models and more
Automate repetitive Introducing the

192 steps with Actions
Find out how to record and Save
Actions for re-use later on, both for simple tasks and
more complex operations
210 Motion workspace
Discover how Photoshop CC enables
you to enhance video clips with adjustment layers,
text effects and more
Create and apply a Enhance a video

196 simple Action
Follow our example to see how you
can automate a routine contrast and vibrance increase
for a landscape image
212 clip in Photoshop
Discover how Photoshops Motion
workspace enables you to enhance video footage
without the need for a separate video editor
Introducing Photoshops Discover Photoshops

198 creative brush tips
Enhance your creative projects with
natural-looking brush strokes that mimic real-world
brushes, pencils and charcoal
214 animation tools
Find out how you can use
Photoshops Timeline feature to create your own
movie sequences and effects
Create elaborate Prepare your

202 titles and captions
Add customisable text to your
creative projects using Photoshops powerful
typography tools
218 photos for print
Produce perfect prints of your
photographs by optimising Photoshops colour
space for printing
Make a 3D Prepare your photos for

206 chess set
Discover how to make a 3D
chess set from scratch and match it perfectly with
another photo
222 web and on-screen use
Optimising images for web pages
needs a different set of output options find out
how to make the process simple and foolproof
191
Automated Actions
Streamline your image-editing workow by turning
repetitive tasks into automated Photoshop Actions
n this Tool School we examine ways to trim down You can then open a new image and play back the recorded
I the time it takes to perform typical but laborious

photo-fixing tasks, so that you can spend more
time shooting and less time editing. Some of the
Action to edit the image using the same techniques.
Imagine youve returned from a shoot and are perusing
your pictures in Photoshop. Photos that looked correctly
most common problems youll encounter as a photographer exposed on your camera can look dull and flat on your
are with exposure. Your shots could be under-exposed and computers correctly calibrated display. This means that
lack contrast, as well as being desaturated, for example. youll have to tweak the colours and tones of every shot to
Automated commands such as Auto Tone, Auto Contrast make them look their best. Thanks to Photoshops Actions
and Auto Color can improve images quickly and easily, but panel, this doesnt have to be a repetitive task. If youve used
they are likely to introduce unwanted effects such as colour the same camera settings to capture every shot then you can
casts that can make a warm shot look too cool. Actions use the same Action to fix them all.
enable us to automate our photo fixes more effectively. In this Tool School well show you how to record your
The term Action is pretty self-explanatory. You can tonal adjustments as you fix an image, turn them into
perform a series of step-by-step photo-fixing operations Actions, and apply them to the rest of the photos in the
such as adjusting Levels or resizing a canvas, and Photoshop series. You can even apply an Action to an entire folder
will record each step in the editing process as an Action. of shots as an automated operation.
192
ADVANCED FEATURES
Lights, camera, Action

Create an Action that will crop and resize an image to a specific resolution
hen shooting a model in a typical print dimensions such as 5x7 that has a bit too much space on one
W studio you may end up with

a collection of photos that
contain more background
inches at 200 dots per inch.
Cropping and resizing a series of
similar images would be tedious and
side. Go to Window>Actions. Click the
Create New Set icon at the bottom of
the panel. Name the set Photo Fixes.
space than youd prefer. By cropping the time-consuming, but by recording the Now click the Create new Action icon.
shot in Photoshop you can lose boring edits as an Action you only need to Name the Action Crop and Resize
bits of background and make the model perform them once. You can then apply (5x7). Make sure it goes in the Photo
look more prominent in the frame. the Action to crop and resize similar Fixes set. You can also assign a colour
You may also want to resize your images in your series with a click. Open label. Click Record and follow the
cropped studio shots so that they have a portrait from a series youve shot guide below
Record an Action
1
Set the crop size
2
Stop the recording
3
Apply the Action
Grab the Crop tool from the Tools Drag the corner handles to tighten You can now open similarly composed
panel. In the Options bar menu, choose the crop overlay around the subject. shots in the series. Click your crop
Size and Resolution. Set Source to Hit Enter to lose some of the backdrop. Hit and resize Action. Hit the Play Selection
Custom. Set Width to 5 Inches. Set Height the Stop icon in the Actions panel to stop button. The images will be automatically
to 7 Inches. Set Resolution to 200 Pixels/ recording the edits. You now have a cropped cropped and resized to the desired
Inch. Click OK to set your crop settings. photo measuring 5x7 inches. composition and resolution.
193
Create a more complex Action

Add extra instructions to your Actions so they do more
ow well create a more
N complex photo-fixing
Action that improves
contrast, cools down the
warm colour temperature of our studio
shots and adds a vignette to the edges.
The vignette-creating section of the
Action involves drawing an elliptical
marquee to select the edges that you BEFORE
want to darken. You can get the Action
to duplicate the marquee shape that you
drew when recording the Action, or you
can tell it to stop in mid-flow so that
you can draw a new marquee to suit the
composition of each image. Start by
opening the first in the series. Create
a new Action called Colour, Contrast
and Vignette and save it in the Photo
Fixes Set. Click Record. For this image
we created a new Levels adjustment
layer and set the white highlights
slider to 231 and the grey midtones
slider to 1.15 to boost the contrast. We
created a new Photo Filter adjustment
layer, set it to Cooling Filter (82), and
reduced the Density to 19. We clicked
the Background layer and pressed Cmd/
Ctrl+J to duplicate it, then set the Blend
mode to Multiply. Follow the three-
step walkthrough below to add some
instructions to an Action so that you
can customise its vignette by manually
drawing a marquee.
Complex Actions
1
Insert a stop
2
Finish the recording
3
Test the Action
After recording tweaks to colour and Dont draw a vignette at this stage. Choose File>Revert to test the Action.
tone (see above), click the little fly-out You can do so when playing back the Click the Action and hit the Play icon.
icon at the top right of the Actions panel Action to edit various portraits. Click the Click Stop when the message you created in
and choose Insert Stop. A command window Add layer mask icon to add a mask to the the previous step appears. Draw a feathered
will now appear. Type the message Draw a Background copy layer. Press Cmd/Ctrl+I circle with the Elliptical Marquee tool, then
feathered elliptical marquee. Click OK. to invert the mask. Press the Stop button. click the Play button again to continue.
194
ADVANCED FEATURES
Photoshop Anatomy Action options

Get even more from Actions with our in-depth look at this useful tools extra attributes
3
1
5 9
12
7
10 11
1 CREATE DROPLET 5 DIALOG ON/OFF 9 KEYBOARD SHORTCUTS
Choose File>Automate>Create Droplet. You can then Click here to toggle any dialog boxes youve set to Many Actions in a set can be triggered by keyboard
turn any Action into a droplet. Drag a photo onto the appear (to define the attributes of a process, for shortcuts. In the Commands set you can clear
droplet to open the image and apply the Action to it. example) in the Action on or off. the history states and clipboard by pressing Shift+F3.
2 ALLOW TOOL RECORDING 6 ACTION EDITS 10 TRANSPORT BUTTONS
This tick-able option in the Action panels fly-out menu Toggle each step inside an Action to discover which Here youll find the Actions panels Stop, Record and
enables you to include the strokes of tools such as adjustments or commands will be applied to your Play controls. You would use these to insert a manual
the Burn tool in your Action. image with that particular Action. action with the automated ones.
3 NEW ACTION 7 STOP 11 CREATE NEW SET
When you create a new Action you can choose which You can make the automated Action stop at any Click this folder icon to create a new set of Actions.
Set to keep it in, assign a keyboard shortcut to it and stage so that you can perform a manual edit such Like Layer Groups and layers, youll find this feature
colour code it. as drawing a marquee. most useful when the number of Actions grows.
4 PHOTO FIXES 8 COMMANDS 12 BUTTON MODE
Click the triangle next to a folder icon to list If you click the Action Panels fly-out icon you can load After colour coding an Action, you can choose Button
the Actions contained in that set. Click it again in new sets of Actions such as Commands. This is full Mode from the Action panels fly-out menu. You can
to close the set. of Actions that perform typical commands. then click a coloured button to trigger the Action.
195
Create and
apply Actions
Record adjustments you frequently make to your photos,
then quickly apply them to other images with one click
any of the problems youll encounter as a
BEFORE
M photographer will be exposure- or colour-
related. Some images will lack contrast, some
will be desaturated, and so on. Photoshop
attempts to provide you with quick ways to tweak colour
and tone thanks to its Auto Tone, Auto Contrast and Auto
Color menu options. However, while these automated
commands can give a washed-out image stronger
contrasting shadows and highlights, they are also likely to
introduce unwanted colour casts that can make a warm
image look too cool, for example. Actions enable you to
automate your common photo fixes more effectively.
While performing a series of photo-fixing operations
such as adjusting contrast or boosting colour strength,
Photoshop can record each step in the editing process as
an Action. You can then open a new image and use the
pre-recorded Action to edit the image using the same
colour and tone-tweaking settings.
In the following tutorial well show you how to create
an action that records some basic photo-fixing techniques.
Although you need to click a record button to capture
your image adjustments as an Action, you dont need to
feel under any time pressure. The Action only records the
adjustments you make, not the pauses between them.
1
Create a new Action
2
Boost the contrast
Open TYCC65.jpg. The image is a little drab and lacks You can assign a function key to trigger the action.
contrast. Go to Window>Workspace>Photography. This Click Record. Go to Image>Adjustments>Levels.
will reveal the Actions panel icon. Click to expand it. Click Drag the black input level slider to 17 to darken the shad-
the Create new action icon. In the New Action panel, Name ows. Drag the white highlight input level slider left to 246
the action Boost contrast and colour. to lighten the highlights.
196
ADVANCED FEATURES
3
Adjust the Vibrance
4
Stop recording
Like many photos, this image has under-exposed Boost the Vibrance slider to +56 for stronger greens
midtones, so drag the grey slider left to 1.11 to lighten and blues. Click OK. A Vibrance step will appear in
them a little. The image now has stronger contrast. Click OK. your Action. Click the Stop icon. You can now open a similar
The Levels adjustment you made will now be recorded in the image, click the Boost contrast and colour Action, then click
Actions panel. Go to Image>Adjustments>Vibrance. the Play icon to instantly enhance the photo.
197
Explore Photoshops
creative brush tips
Enhance your creative projects with natural-looking brush strokes that
mimic real-world brushes, pencils, charcoal and other natural media
any of Photoshops tools are Brush Preset picker and scroll down to find the Brush panel and Brush Preset picker
M brush-based. By changing the size,

softness and opacity of a brush-
based tool, you can fine-tune the
more creative shapes such as Chalk, which
produces a grainy texture. Youll also find
creative brush tips such as Leaves, which
offer a range of bristle-brush tips. These
deform as you paint, and leave bristle-like
strokes on the image. By combining a bristle-
way it alters the pixels in a photograph. If you scatters random leaf shapes. By clicking the brush tip with a tool such as the Mixer brush,
attach a stylus to your PC then you can use Brush panel icon you can modify the way a you can turn a photo into a painting, as youll
changes in pressure to create lighter or darker preset shape behaves, such as making the see in the tutorial on the following pages. But
strokes and work with even more precision. leaves scatter in less dense clumps. first, well demonstrate how the Brush panel
You can also use brushes to mimic natural To make Photoshops brush tips behave changes a bristle-brush tips attributes, so
media. Select the Brush tool, then click the more like their real-world counterparts, you can produce realistic-looking strokes.
198
ADVANCED FEATURES
Photoshop Anatomy The Brush panel

Change the way bristle-brush tips behave by editing their attributes
1 BRUSH PANEL
When using the Painting workspace you can summon 2

the Brush panel by clicking this icon. Alternatively, you
can click the same icon in the Options bar when you
1
use any brush-based tool.
5 6
4
2 BRISTLE BRUSH
The four strokes in our annotation were drawn using

the same Round Blunt bristle-brush tip. We modified
the tips attributes in the Brush panel to create this
diverse range of strokes.
3 LIVE TIP PREVIEW
Click the eye and brush icon at the bottom of the

Brush panel to summon this handy tool. As you modify
the bristles, the preview will change to show the new
length and thickness. The preview will also deform as
you paint so you can see how loose or stiff it is.
4 BRISTLE QUALITIES 5 CHANGE TIPS 6 MORE TIPS
Drag the sliders in this section to change the style of Instead of clicking the bristle-brush tip icons Click the Brush Preset pickers fly-out icon to load
stroke produced by the currently active bristle brush. in the Brush Preset picker or the Brush panel, in new sets of bristle-brush tips that mimic a wide
To create the stroke at the bottom of the screen, we use this drop-down menu to change the shape range of natural media. The sets include Wet Media
reduced the Stiffness of the bristles. of the brush tip. brushes, which are great for watercolour projects.
1
Understanding
ERODIBLE
BRUSH TIPS
As well as bristle value of the Softness
brushes, which deform slider [3]. The stroke
as you paint, you can will get thicker as the 3
mimic media such tip erodes (and the
as charcoal sticks Live Tip Preview will
courtesy of erodible show the tip becoming 4
tips. These tips are more blunt). For a
indicated by a pencil sharper tip click the
icon [1]. Erodible tips sharpener button here
wear out as you draw, [4]. Theres a range
creating more realistic of erodible tips, such
and organic-looking as Erodible Round
strokes [2]. To make and Erodible Square.
a tip wear out more Choose the one that
quickly, increase the suits your needs.
2
199
1
Choose the Mixer brush
2
Paint and smear
Open TYCC08.jpg. Go to Window>Workspace>Painting. Set the size to 90 pixels. In the Options bar, choose
Go to Layer>New>Layer. Name the layer Painted Petals. Very Wet, Heavy Mix. Tick Sample All Layers. Click
Hold the mouse button down over the Brush tools the transparent Painted Petals layer. Paint strokes that follow
compartment in the Tools panel and choose the Mixer brush. the flowers curves. The Mixer brush samples colours from
Choose the Round Watercolor erodible tip from the Presets. the image below and turns them into wet smears of paint.
3
Check your progress
4
Add realistic mistakes
Click the Background layers eye icon to hide it. The When you mix paint in the real world, colours often
Mixer brushs paint-like strokes create a simplified pollute other colours, especially if you dont clean your
version of the petals, while preserving their colour and tone. brush regularly. To add authentic mixes of different colours,
Make the Background layer visible once more and continue untick the Clean the brush icon in the Options bar. Now paint
using lots of short strokes to paint in the rest of the petals. on the yellow stamen and then paint on the purple plant.
5
Impressionistic effects
6
Add a canvas texture
Create a new transparent layer. From the Brush Presets Set the Contents menu to Pattern. Click the Custom
picker, choose the Flat Point Medium Stiff bristle- Pattern window. Click the gear icon in the thumbnail
brush tip. Set the size to 50. Paint over the leaves to render window and choose Artists Brushes Canvas. Click Append.
them as rough-and-ready paint strokes. Create a new Choose Yankee Canvas. Click OK. Set the pattern layers
transparent layer and go to Edit>Fill. Blend mode to Overlay and reduce its opacity to 13%.
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Create elaborate
titles and captions
Add customisable text to enrich your creative projects
using Photoshops powerful typography tools
he Horizontal Type tool and its As you move the mouse onto a Photoshop ways. Double click to select a word, or drag
T Tool panel compartment cousins

enable you to enrich your creative
projects in many ways, such as
document a text cursor will appear. Click to
place the cursor on a particular spot and start
typing on your keyboard to add text to the
to select a few letters. Like shapes produced
by the Pen or Custom Shape tools, text is
created mathematically as vector shapes, so
providing posters or book covers with document as a new layer. You can treat this you can increase the size without making the
eye-catching typography, or turning text into text layer like any other Photoshop layer, and edges fuzzy. You can distort text too using the
a key component of an illustration by use the Move tool to fine-tune the position of Create warped text option, and edit the size,
inserting a photo into the fonts. the text in the design. font or spelling of the warped text if need be.
At first glance, the Type tool works in a As with word-processing packages, you However, to apply other filters and commands
similar way to word-processing packages. can change text in Photoshop in a variety of youll need to convert it to a raster layer.
202
ADVANCED FEATURES
Photoshop Anatomy The Type tools

Get to know the key features of Photoshops Type tools
1 TOOL COMPARTMENT
The Horizontal and Vertical Type tools functions as 3 4 7

their names suggest. Hold down Shift and tap T to 5
cycle through the four versions of the Type tool in
this compartment.
2 MARVELLOUS MASKS
1
The mask versions of the Horizontal and Vertical Type
tools create text-shaped selection marquees as you
type. You can then paste a copied photo into the layer
to add texture to your typography.
3 FONT FAMILY
Click here to open the drop-down font family menu and

then scroll through the dozens of options to find a font
to suit your needs. If the text layer is highlighted, use
the up or down arrow keys to change the fonts. 2
4 ALIGNMENT 6
If you press Enter while typing, you make a new line.

If you have a few lines of text selected, click these
options to align the text to the left, centre or right.
5 CHARACTER PANEL 6 LAYER STYLES 7 CREATE WARPED TEXT
When using the Typography workspace, you can get You can make 2D text look like solid 3D shapes by This option provides quick ways to warp your text in
easier access to the powerful text-tweaking Character adding a Bevel and Emboss Layer Style to the layer. creative ways. We used the Wave option to help the text
panel, with its ability to change properties such as the This helped our designs text look like it was carved follow the contours of the buildings in the background
text height, width and the gaps between the letters. from marble. image. Warped text remains editable.
2
Understanding 1
THE CHARACTER
PANEL 5
Choose a font for your lines of text (or make

text by clicking here them overlap). Adjust 6
[1]. You can modify Tracking [6] to widen
many fonts to turn the gaps between 3
them bold or italic the letters. Increase
7
here [2]. Increase the Horizontal scale [7]
value in this field [3] so that shorter words 4
to change the selected on one line will stretch
texts vertical scale. By and match the width
adjusting the baseline of longer words on
shift [4] you can raise another. Click these 8
the text up or down. By icons [8] to turn lower
adjusting the leading case characters into
[5] you can narrow capitals or underline
the gap between text, for example.
203
1
Type some text
2
Warp the text
Open TYCC84.jpg. Go to Window>Workspace> Move the cursor away from the text until it changes to
Typography. Choose the Horizontal Type mask tool an arrow. Drag the text near to the skyline. Right click
from the Tools panel. In the Options bar, click the font family and choose Warp Text. Set the Style menu to Wave. Tick the
menu and choose Gill Sans. Set the style to Bold. Type a Size Horizontal button. Drag the Bend slider left to 34 so that
value of 200 points. Hold down Shift and type ITALIA. the text warps to flow above the buildings. Click OK to apply.
3
Add a texture
4
Add 3D edges
Choose Layer>New>Layer. Label the layer Italia. Click Choose Layer>Layer Style>Bevel & Emboss. Set Style to
OK. Open TYCC83.jpg. Choose Select>All and then Inner Bevel and Technique to Chisel Hard. Set Depth
Edit>Copy. Go back to the TYCC84.jpg document and choose 74%, Direction Up and Size 27. In Shading set Angle 164 and
Edit>Paste Special>Paste Into. Drag inside the text with the Altitude 11. Click the Pattern Overlay label. Open the Pattern
Move tool to reveal the ripples from the copied image. picker and load Rock Patterns. Choose the Dirt pattern.
5
Create a reflection
6
Add some blur
Set the Blend mode to screen and opacity to 64%. Click Italia copy and choose Layer>Rasterize>Layer
Click the Italia layer. Press Cmd/Ctrl+J. Click between Style. Set the layers Blend mode to Overlay and drop
the duplicated layer and its mask to link them. Choose Edit> its opacity to 75%. Go to Filter>Blur>Radial Blur. Set Amount
Transform>Flip Vertical. Use the Move tool to drag the text to 9, Blur Method to Zoom and Quality to Best. Drag the Blur
to the bottom of the frame. As you drag, hold down Shift. Center to make it match the text above.
BEFORE
Make a 3D
chess set
Learn how to make a 3D chess set
from scratch and match it perfectly
with another photo
f youve ever wanted to add 3D objects to a 2D photo, then
I this project will show you how. Here well take you through
the process of making a politically-themed chess board.
Weve coloured and ordered the pieces along party lines, but
you can use the same techniques to create and manipulate all kinds of
3D objects directly within Photoshop without any need for dedicated
3D software. The key here is to make a good cross-section of each piece
with the Pen tool (there are ready-made paths within the starting
image), then extrude and bend the shape to make a circular object. Once
done, you can colour, light and position lots of similar pieces. Its a
great introduction to 3D in Photoshop. Weve created kings, queens and
pawns to keep with the political theme, but you can make rooks,
bishops and knights using the same 3D techniques.
1
Make a shape
2
Rotate the extrusion
3
Restore perspective
Open chess_board.psd. Well define the Click Current View in the 3D panel, Go to the Layers panel and hide
cross-section of the first chess piece. then grab the Move tool. Click the the Queen layer, then highlight the
Draw a path with the Pen tool to create half Orbit icon in the tool options, then drag to background layer and go to Filter>Vanishing
a cross-section of the desired shape, or use see the 3D shape at an angle from above. Point. Click to make a box shape that follows
the path supplied within the document. Highlight the queen shape in the 3D panel, the lines of the chess board in the image.
Go to the Paths panel (Window>Paths) and then go to the Properties panel and click the When youre happy with the alignment of
highlight the Queen path. Make a new layer Deform icon at the top. Set Horizontal Angle the box on the board, click OK. Next, you can
and name it Queen, then go to 3D>New 3D to -360, then drag the Extrusion Depth use the grid to match the perspective in the
Extrusion from selected Path. slider until the shape looks right. scene with your 3D objects.
ADVANCED FEATURES
207
4
Change the Current View
5
Fit the piece to the scene
Highlight the Queen layer again, then go to the 3D Go to 3D>Move Object to Ground Plane (you can then
panel and click Current View. Go to the Properties go to View>Show>3D Ground Plane to hide it), then
panel, then set View: Vanishing Point Grid. The view of the use the Move along X or Move along Z axis arrows to drag the
queen piece will alter to match the perspective of the grid. chess piece around the image (if necessary, rotate it around
Next, grab the Move tool, click the object and drag the centre the Y axis to make it easier to position). Notice how it now
cube of the axis widget to scale it down to a suitable size. matches the perspective of the chess board.
6
Colour the object
7
Match the lighting
Go to the 3D panel and click Queen Extrusion Click Infinite Light in the 3D panel. Drag the handle
Material. Click the Diffuse colour box and choose a up so that the light comes from above. Go to the
colour, then set Shine 37%, Reflection 19%, Roughness 5%. Properties panel and increase the Shadow softness to 30%.
To check the results, grab the Rectangular Marquee tool, Add a second infinite light: click the Light icon in the 3D
select a small area of the shape, then do a test render by panel and choose Infinite Light, then direct it from the right,
clicking the Render icon. Grab the Move tool. lower the intensity and increase the Softness.
8
Add the reflections
9
Make a pawn
Go to the 3D panel and click Environment. Go Go to the Paths panel, click the Pawn path, then
to the Properties panel and set the Ground Plane extrude it to a 3D shape. Once done, press Cmd/
reflections to about 20%, roughness 40%. Once again, make Ctrl+E to merge the Pawn layer with the queen. Go to the 3D
a rectangular selection and click the Render button in the panel and click Pawn, then go to the Properties panel, click
Properties panel to check the effect, then adjust the settings Coordinates and make sure X, Y and Z rotation are all zeroed,
if necessary. Make a new layer and name it Pawn. then use the Move tool to position the piece on the board.
ADVANCED FEATURES
10
Match the material
11
Make a king
Highlight the Queen Extrusion Material, click the Make a 3D shape for the King Body path. Make a
material preset drop-down menu, then click the new layer, highlight the King Path (top) path, then go
flyout menu and choose New Material. You can then highlight to 3D>New 3D Extrusion from Path. Use the Extrusion depth
the Pawn Extrusion Material and apply the green preset. without rotation, then position the shape on top of the king
Next, right click Pawn in the 3D panel, choose Duplicate piece (use the coordinates to reset any rotation). Highlight all
Shapes, then use the Move tool to reposition the copy. the 3D layers and press Cmd/Ctrl+E to merge the layers.
12
Add another colour
13
Build up the set
Highlight the two king shapes, right click and Continue adding more pieces and colouring them
choose Group Objects. Click parts of the king in the same way. Use the Slide Object Move tool
piece to highlight the Extrusion material, then go to the to move the pieces around the board, and make sure they all
Properties panel, add the green material preset and change line up with the ground plane. It can be useful to store your
the Diffuse colour to Red. Duplicate a few of the pawn shapes, chosen colours as swatches in the Swatches panel for easy
move them behind the red piece, and change the colour. access and to keep them consistent.
14
Distort the shapes
15
Apply shallow focus
Once youre happy with the position and Finally, we can add a depth-of-field effect. Go
colouring, you could try distorting some of them to the 3D panel and click Current View, then set
slightly so that they look less uniform. Use the axis widget to Depth of Field Distance 0.28, Depth 2.2. Click the Render
scale along Y to stretch the sizes slightly, then make sure you button to render the scene. This may take a while. Once its
go to 3D>Move to Ground Plane once youve finished to reset finished, press Cmd/Ctrl+Shift+Alt+E to merge a 2D layer
the positions, else the pieces wont look quite right. of your scene, then save it.
Introducing the
Motion workspace
Discover how Photoshop CC enables you to enhance video
clips with adjustment layers, text effects and more
he latest cameras have the ability Photoshop to enhance the colours and tones Like many non-linear video-editing
T to shoot HD video clips as well as

stills. To reflect the fact that you
may have video clips in your
of clips in the same way as youd adjust a still
image. Video is just as prone to suffer from
problems with exposure and colour balance,
applications, Photoshop has a Timeline.
This displays frames in a horizontal bar. You
can scrub the playhead back and forth to fast
collection, Photoshop now enables you to so you can improve colour in video using a forward or rewind the footage. You can also
import video footage into its workspace. Photo Filter adjustment layer, or lighten the add text to your clips and use the Timelines
Unlike dedicated non-linear video editing midtones with a Levels adjustment layer, for preset motion commands to make the text
applications such as Adobe Premiere, you example. This enables you to fix video move. This enables you to produce slick title
wouldnt want to use Photoshop to edit a problems without needing to master complex sequences that you can export and add to
large collection of clips. However, you can use applications such as Adobe After Effects. video projects in Adobe Premiere.
ADVANCED FEATURES
Photoshop Anatomy The Motion panel

Treat a video clip like an image layer and animate using the Timeline
1 TIMELINE
The Timeline is like the Layers panel, except it enables

a layers content (such as text) to change position or
opacity over time. The Timeline in this example has
text layers and a video clip running parallel.
2 MOTION 7
6
To quickly animate a layer (such as the Life text layer
in this example), click this fly-out icon and chose
a preset motion such as Rotate & Zoom. You can
manually set the angle of movements such as Pan.
3 PLAY
1 5
To preview a layers movement and changes in opacity, 2
click this icon. You can also preview the animation by
tapping the space bar, or by dragging the playhead to
the left or right.
4 KEYFRAMES 3
4
These diamond-shaped symbols indicate that
keyframes have been added at two different points on
the Timeline. Photoshop will automatically animate a
layers properties (such as its opacity or position).
5 GROUPS 6 ADJUSTMENT LAYER 7 LAYER STYLES
When you create text it will appear in the Video Group You can enhance your video sequences by adding Weve added a glow to our text courtesy of Layer
folder, and will appear once the video clip has played. adjustment layers that tweak the colours and tones. Styles, and used the Timelines automatic motion
To make the text run parallel with the footage you need Here weve used a Hue/Saturation adjustment layer to presets to make it zoom and rotate. The Overlay Blend
to drag its thumbnail out of the Video Group. give the greens and yellows a more Autumnal hue. mode mixes the text with the video.
WARP FACTOR
Understanding
ANIMATABLE To warp a text layer, you need
to add a keyframe to record its
original shape and then another
PROPERTIES to record the warped version.
The Timeline will then create all
the frames between the start
and end keyframes to make the
text warp smoothly. Scrub the
Click here [1] to toggle layer. By changing this
1 playhead to frame 1 and click
open the targeted value you can make
the stopwatch icon in the Text
layers animatable a layers content fade
Warp channel to enable keyframe
properties and set in or out (as we have animation. Scrub the playhead
keyframes. The with our text layers). 2 forward a few frames and click
Transform channel You can add keyframes the Create Warped Text button in
[2] enables you to to introduce Layer the Options bar. Choose a warp
add keyframes that Styles [3], such as 3 4 effect such as Arc. Click OK.
make the layers the Outer Glow on Click the diamond-shaped Add
content move from our text. You can also key frame icon in the Text Warp
A to B over a specific animate the Text Warp channel. The text will now warp
duration. The Opacity [4] option to make between the two keyframes. Use
channel [2] records text change shape as it this technique to record changes
the opacity value of a moves about. in Layer Styles too. Q
BEFORE
Enhance a video clip

Use the Motion workspace to augment video footage with
animated text and tweak the colours using adjustment layers
1
Add an adjustment layer
2
Add some text
Go to Window>Workspace>Motion. The Timeline will appear. Select the Horizontal Type tool. Choose a font and set the
Go to File>Open and browse to our short video clip TYCC81. size to 300 and the style to Bold. Type PARK. By default,
mov. Click Open. The clip will appear in the Timeline as a Video Group. the text will be placed after the video clip in the Timeline. Go
It will also appear in the Layers panel. Choose Layer>New Adjustment to the Layers panel and drag the Text layers thumbnail out of
Layer>Hue/Saturation. Drag Hue to 25 to add a more autumnal hue Video Group 1, so that it exists as a separate layer at the top of
to the scene. You can use any adjustment layers to alter the colours or the stack. In the Timeline drag the text layer to run parallel with
tones of a video clip. the footage.
ADVANCED FEATURES
3
Add a Layer Style
4
Add some movement
Click the PARK layer and press Cmd/Ctrl+J to duplicate it. In the Timeline, click the Motion fly-out icon on the LIFE
Double click the copied layers T icon and change the text layer and choose Rotate & Zoom. Choose Clockwise. Set
to LIFE. Use the Move tool to position the text as shown above. the PARK layer to rotate and zoom in a counter-clockwise
Change the Blend mode of both text layers to Overlay. Click the direction. Toggle open the LIFE layer and swap the position of the
Layer Styles icon and choose Outer Glow. Click the Outer Glow label Transform attributes two diamond-shaped keyframe icons. This
and set Spread and Size to 13 pixels. Click OK. Add the same Layer reverses the movement of the text so it starts tilted and ends up
Style to the LIFE text. horizontal. Do the same with PARK.
5
Fade in
6
Fade out
Scrub the playhead to the first frame. In the Layers panel, Scrub the playhead right to 4 seconds along the Timeline.
set the opacity of the PARK and LIFE layers to 0. In the Click the diamond-shaped Add keyframe at playhead icon
Timeline, click the Stopwatch icons in the opacity channels of both in the opacity channels of both the PARK and LIFE layers. Scrub to
text layers to add a keyframe. Scrub the playhead to 2 seconds. just before the end of the sequence, then set the opacity of both
Restore the opacity values to 100% in both layers. Two new opacity text layers in the Layers panel to 0%. New keyframes will appear
channel keyframes will appear automatically. Now the text will fade automatically in the Timeline, so the text will start fading out after
in. Scrub the playhead to preview the movement and fades. 4 seconds until the end of the clip.
Animation tools
Add motion to your still images and enhance HD
video clips with animated, layered special effects
standard Photoshop document has two Timeline is a closer cousin to the tools in After Effects
A dimensions width and height. In this Tool

School well show you how to add a third
dimension to your Photoshop projects time.
a package that enables you to add effects to short clips.
Photoshops Timeline can add movement to still images
in a similar way to a traditional rostrum camera. A rostrum
In CS6 and CC, the old Animation panel has been rebranded video camera is mounted on a pole and points down at a
as the Timeline, which makes it sound more video-friendly. board. You mount artwork or photos onto the board and then
Video-editing packages (such as Premiere Elements) have a use the rostrum cameras rig to zoom and pan around the
timeline that enables users to swap clips around or trim their image. By recording the cameras moves onto video you can
duration and refine raw footage into slick sequences. Despite create moving video sequences from still images. Video-
the name, the Timeline isnt really up to the task of turning editing packages often refer to rostrum-produced zooms and
Photoshop into a video-editing package. Its too slow and pans as the Ken Burns effect, named after a famous rostrum
unwieldy to deal with hours of raw footage. What it does do camera practitioner. The Timeline in Photoshop has a series
is enable you to split clips into chunks and add transitions. of preset rostrum-style camera moves, such as Rotate &
If youre serious about editing footage in a conventional Zoom. This is a big improvement on the Animation panel
way, youd be much better served by using dedicated non- featured in older versions that tool only allowed you to pan
linear software such as Premiere Elements. Photoshops around a layer by changing its position with the Move tool.
ADVANCED FEATURES
Add action to stills

Turn your layers into an animated DVD menu sequence
he Timeline enables you to
T turn a group of stills into a

dramatic animated
sequence to act as a
background to a DVD menu screen,
for example. On this page well look at
how to prepare stills as a layered
document, and then use the Timeline
to add a series of animated effects.
Well show you how to use the
Timelines rostrum-style presets to
add instant camera moves to a layer,
so that the camera can zoom and pan
towards a subject such as our wartime
nurse. Well also demonstrate how to
move a layers content by adding
keyframes, so that our aircraft can fly
in a precise direction. The beauty of
the Timeline is that it uses keyframes
and tweening. This means that you
choose a start position and an end
position for a layers content, and
then the Timeline automatically
creates all the required frames to
make the content move between
the two points over a specified range
of frames.
For this project we created the
image on the left. To create this file
we used selection tools to isolate
and place the nurse, buildings and
aeroplanes on separate layers. In the
three steps below well show you how
we added the movement
Animate a still image
1
Create a zoom
2
Change the duration
3
Animate another layer
Open an image with three elements Press the space bar. Add the same Drag the playhead to frame 1. Select
such as above. Go to Window>Timeline. zoom to the next layer. Drag the end another layer and click the Position
Click Create Video Timeline. Right click a of the first layer so that it finishes at 03.00. attributes stopwatch icon to add a keyframe.
layer and choose Zoom. In the Zoom From Drag the Set End of Work Area bar to the Scrub to frame 03.00 and use the Move
section, tick the middle reference point in same point. This makes the camera zoom in tool to drag the third layer. A new Position
the right column. Clear Resize to Fill Canvas. more quickly on the first layer. keyframe will appear.
215
Video clip special effects

Use the Timeline to add special effects to your video clips such as sky replacements
nce youve used the
BEFORE
O Timelines rostrum
camera zooms and
tweening keyframes to
add motion to stills (see our
three-step technique on the
previous page), you can tap the
space bar to preview the animation.
This renders a rough preview of
each frame into Photoshops video
cache, enabling you to get an idea
about the projects movement and
pacing. If you make any changes to a
layers animation youll need to
re-render the preview with another tap
of the space bar. To see a smoother
flowing, high-quality version of your
animation, youll need to render the
project as a movie. Check out our
Understanding Video Rendering box on
the following page for more information
on how to export your Timeline-
produced animations.
As well as turning stills into video,
you can use the Timeline and its
image-editing tools to augment existing
footage with a variety of special effects,
such as replacing a dull sky with
something more dramatic. You can also
animate a Levels adjustment layer to
change the videos lighting, enabling
you to add flashes of lightning to your
new sky, for instance
Video sky replacement
1
Organise the layers
2
Blend and mask
3
Add the lightning flash
Open a video clip containing a sky. Place the clouds over the background Add a Levels adjustment layer. Set the
Open a photo of some clouds. Choose video. Set the cloud layers Blend white slider to 219. Set Opacity to 0%.
Select>All and then Edit>Copy. Edit>Paste mode to Darken. This causes the clouds to Open the Levels layer and scrub to halfway
the clouds into the document. In the Layers replace the lighter sky on the layer below. through the video. Add a keyframe. Move the
panel and the Timeline, drag Layer 2 above Add a layer mask to the cloud layer and hide playhead again. Set Opacity to 100%. Scrub
Video Group 1. clouds that cover the detail in the video. forward and then reduce opacity back to 0%.
ADVANCED FEATURES
Photoshop Anatomy Timeline options

Discover which Photoshop features can be animated using the Timelines attributes
6
1 2
3 5
1 TIMELINE 3 WORK AREA 5 PLAYHEAD
The Timeline panel automatically opens when Two adjustable grey sliders enable you to Drag the playhead back and forth to preview a frame.
you import a video clip. To animate image layers, define the start and end points of your animated Tap the space bar to play the video. The green bar
summon the Timeline via the Window menu. video sequence. below the playhead indicates rendered frames.
2 CUTS AND TRANSITIONS 4 EDITABLE ATTRIBUTES 6 MOTION
The Timeline enables you to split a clip at the playhead Toggle this arrow to access the layers editable Clicking this arrow opens the Motion panel. Here you
by clicking here. You can also use the adjacent icon to attributes. You can animate a layers position, can choose a preset move such as Rotate & Zoom,
add a video transition (such as a cross fade). opacity and any Layer Styles that have been added. and apply it to a layers content.
Understanding
VIDEO
RENDERING 2
When you watch space. The Preset

a preview of your drop-down [3] has a
3
animated project in wide range of output 4
Photoshop, it looks formats, including
fuzzy and low- YouTube-friendly
resolution. To see a options. Size [4]
high-quality version, enables you to choose
go to File>Export> an aspect ratio such
Render Video. The as HDV/HDTV 720p,
Render Video window enabling the clip to
will appear [1]. Choose play as HD footage.
a Format from this You can render the
5
drop-down menu [2]. entire work area, or
H.264 enables you choose a range of
to produce high- frames from here [5].
definition videos that Youll probably want to
dont use lots of disc use All Frames.
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Also available on digital devices
Prepare your
photos for print
Produce perfect colour prints of your photographs
by optimising Photoshops colour space for printing
fter processing a photo to look good screen-friendly colour space called sRGB (standard
A onscreen, you may end up with a print that

suffers from shifts in colour. The
discrepancy between the screen and print
RGB). You can change this colour space to a narrower,
more printable one called Adobe RGB (1998) that
helps you reduce the number of out-of-gamut colours.
colour is caused by a variety of factors. Your Theres also a handy gamut warning that you can
computers screen produces millions of colours by summon to identify unprintable colours.
mixing reds, greens and blues (RGB) together, while Well show you how to set up Photoshops colour
most domestic printers combine cyan, magenta, black management tools so that you can convert files that
and yellow (CMYK) inks to create a narrower range of have an unprintable sRGB colour space to the printer-
colours. Colours that cant be printed are referred to as compatible Adobe RGB (1998) colour space. Well also
out-of-gamut colours. demonstrate how to change Photoshops colour mode
In this tutorial well demonstrate how to prepare so its compatible with the printers CMYK
a picture for print and avoid colour-related ink-mixing technique, so that your images have a
disappointments. By default, Photoshop uses the vibrant, printable range of colours.
1
Manage your colours
2
Convert the embedded profile
Go to Edit>Color Settings. In the Color Settings window, Open TYCC85.jpg. The embedded colour profile of this
choose an appropriate location-based profile such as image describes its colours using the screen-friendly
Europe Prepress 3. This will ensure Photoshop uses a print- sRGB colour space. You can change the sRGB profile to a
friendly colour space called Adobe RGB (1998) instead of the printer-compatible one by ticking the Convert documents
default sRGB one. Leave the Profile Mismatch boxes ticked. colors to the working space button. Click OK.
ADVANCED FEATURES
3
Gamut warning
4
Change the mode
To discover remaining unprintable colours, choose Go to Mode and choose CMYK Color. Click OK. This
View>Gamut Warning. Problematic colours will appear forces the colours into a print-compatible CMYK
as patches of grey. You could use a Vibrance adjustment layer colour space. The gamut warning patches will vanish. Choose
to reduce the saturation of the colours. The gamut warning Mode>RGB Color. You can now use a Vibrance adjustment
patches would vanish, but other colours may look a bit drab. layer to boost the saturation without producing warnings.
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BIG NAMES / INSPIRING WORK / INDUSTRY INSIGHT
Optimise your
shots for the web
The image settings for online display are very different to
the print settings, so heres how to save web-ready photos
lder versions of Photoshop came with a Save for tool which creates a brand new photo, so theres no risk of
O Web dialog that brought together all the settings

needed to optimise photos for online display. If
youve upgraded to Photoshop CC, though, you
accidentally overwriting your original image with a smaller
version it also converts the original filename into a web-
ready version with no spaces or other illegal characters.
might be wondering where this option has gone but never Bear in mind that Photoshop is a tool for designers and
fear, because its still there and you can find it under File > illustrators too, so some of the options in the Save for Web
Export > Save for Web (Legacy). Heres why you need it dialog wont be relevant. For example, the GIF format is no
First, its a really good safety net that automatically applies good for photos because it has a 256-colour limit (thats what
important web settings that you might otherwise overlook. the Color Table panel is there for), and its really designed for
Second, it offers a super-easy way to resize photos to solid-colour illustrations. The PNG format is not very helpful
appropriate dimensions for web pages without having to do either, unless you need to create cutouts with transparent
that manually in Photoshop first. Third, its an image export backgrounds. For photographs, the JPEG format is best.
ADVANCED FEATURES
1
Choose a preset
2
JPEG quality settings
You can save a lot of time by choosing one of the Save The JPEG High preset actually sets a Quality value
for Web dialogs export presets. The GIF format is useful of 60, which is not exactly high in quality terms but
only for logos, short animations and artwork, while the PNG does produce decent images with small file sizes. You can
format is best kept for high-quality illustrations. Choose the change the quality setting using the drop-down menu or by
JPEG High preset as the best starting point for photos. dragging the Quality slider over on the right hand-side.
3
Convert to sRGB
4
Copyright and Contact info
This checkbox is really important. Many people shoot This is a useful feature which its easy to overlook. If
using the Adobe RGB colour space, but this produces you add copyright and contact information to your
flat, unsaturated images online, where images should always photos metadata, this option will preserve it in images
be sRGB. The Preview drop-down just shows you how colours published online. Others can see your image is protected by
will appear on different devices, it doesnt affect the output. copyright, and can ask your permission to re-use it.
5
Image Size and Quality
6
File size and preview
Youre unlikely to want to publish your photos online One of the key points of the Save for Web process is
at their native resolution, so just type in the required to keep file sizes down, and you can check the file size
width or height value in pixels, or a percentage value. The in the bottom left corner of he window. This predicts the
Quality drop-down controls how Photoshop resamples size of the file using the current settings and the estimated
photos choose Bicubic Sharper when downsizing. download time with different connection speeds.
9000
9001

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PLUS!

224 PAGES OF EXPERT PHOTO ADVICE

Inside this issue...

The photographic process starts the

Rod Lawton, Editor

Editor Rod Lawton

FUTURE PUBLISHING LIMITED

PRINT & PRODUCTION

Printed in the UK by William Gibbons on behalf of Future.

Future produces carefully targeted magazines,

Chief executive Zillah Byng-Thorne

All information contained in this magazine is for informational

Future Publishing Limited 2016. All rights reserved. No

The text paper in this magazine is totally chlorine

Introducing the Import your photos

Using Lightroom Add metadata and

Introducing the Organise your

P of image organisational tools.

Lightrooms workflow modules

Its possible to design and order printed

This is a great way to package up a

Lightroom offers extensive print layout

1 LIBRARY 2 DEVELOP 3 MAP 7 WEB

The Lightroom Library in detail

1 FOLDERS 4 FILTER BAR

2 COLLECTIONS 5 GRID VIEW

3 SMART COLLECTIONS 6 METADATA

L can use Lightroom to organise all your images and

O as digital photographers is our

Photoshop Anatomy The Bridge workspace

3 This panel emulates the display on your

This panel enables you to present files

Overview Customising Adobe Bridge

1 FILMSTRIP 4 EDITED IMAGES

2 LOUPE VIEW 5 THUMBNAIL QUALITY

B included with all versions of

If you choose the Convert to DNG option, the

A demonstrated how to quickly add your name and the

A enables you to create and assign keywords to

Raw file processing

Introducing the How to remove

Improve contrast and Apply Grain and

Do even more with Lens and

Make selective Exporting from

O key-worded your images in Bridge

Overview Camera Raws tool bar

This tool enables you to sample a clear

This tool enables you to make selective

This tool acts like a graduated neutral

Photoshop Anatomy Camera Raw editor

1 RAW FILE 4 THE BASIC TAB

2 WORKFLOW (OUTPUT) OPTIONS 5 BEFORE AND AFTER COMPARISONS

3 ZOOM LEVEL 6 OPEN OR DONE

O that they contain extra brightness and colour

Do even more with

O selection of toolbar-based tools

Photoshop Anatomy Camera Raw panels

This Parametric panel provides an additional way

Many cameras soften an image as they process it to