Role of Information Technology in the development of Banking Sector in

India
*Megha Jain
**Prof. (Dr.) G.S. Popli

ABSTRACT

Liberalization and Information technology has attracted many foreign banks to India, thereby
opening up new markets, new products and efficient delivery channels for the banking industry.
In the development of Indian Economy, Banking sector plays a very important and crucial role.
With the use of technology there had been an increase in penetration, productivity and efficiency.
It has not only increased the cost effectiveness but also has helped in making small value
transactions viable. It also enhances choices, creates new markets, and improves productivity
and efficiency. It has been noticed that financial markets have turned into a buyers markets in
India.

C om m erci al Banks in India are now becoming a one-stop Supermarket. The focus is
shifting from mass banking to class banking with the introduction of value added and
customized products. Technology allows banks to create what looks like a branch in a business
buildings lobby without having to hire manpower for manual operations. The branches are
running on the concept of 24 X 7 working, made possible by the use of Tele banking,
ATMs, Internet banking, Mobile banking and E - banking. These technology driven delivery
channels are being used to reach out to maximum number of customers at lower cost and in
most efficient manner. The beauty of these banking innovations is that it puts both banker and
customer in a win- win situation. Effective use of technology has a multiplier effect on growth
and development.

Key words: Liberalization, Tele banking, ATMs, Internet Banking, Mobile Banking and E -
banking.

______________________________________________________________________________
* Megha Jain, Asstt. Professor, Delhi School of Professional Studies and Research, New
Delhi, India.

**Prof. (Dr.) G.S. Popli Director and Professor, Delhi School of Professional Studies and
Research, New Delhi India.

Electronic copy available at: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2151162

 1. INTRODUCTION

The banking industry of India is in the midst of an Information technology revolution. A

combination of regulatory and competitive reasons has led to increasing importance of total
banking automation in this industry. Information technology has basically been used under two
different avenues in banking. One is communication and connectivity and other is business
process reengineering. Information technology enables sophisticated product development,
better market infrastructure, implementation of reliable techniques for control of risks and helps
the financial intermediaries to reach geographically distant and diversified markets.

Information technology has changed the contours of three major functions being performed by
the banks viz. access to liquidity, transformation of assets and monitoring of risks. Further,
information technology and the communication networking systems have a crucial bearing on
the efficiency of money, capital and foreign exchange markets.

The software packages for banking applications in India had their beginnings in the middle of
80s, when the banks started computerizing the branches in a limited manner. The early 90s saw
the plummeting hardware prices and advent of cheap and inexpensive but high-powered PCs and
servers. The commercial banks went in for Total Branch Automation Packages for
computerasation. The middle and late 90s witnessed the tornado of financial reforms,
deregulation, globalization etc. coupled with rapid revolution in communication technologies and
evolution of novel concept of convergence of computer and communication technologies, like
internet, mobile/cell phones etc. It changed the face of Indian banking system completely.

2. TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT IN BANKS

Developments in the field of information technology strongly supports the growth and
inclusiveness of the banking sector by facilitating inclusive economic growth . IT improves the
front end operations with back end operations and helps in bringing down the transaction costs
for the customers. The important events in the field of IT in the banking sector in India are:

Arrival of card-based payments- Debit/ Credit card in late 1980s and 90s.
Introduction of Electronic Clearing Services (ECS) in late 1990s.
Introduction of Electronic Fund Transfer (EFT) in early 2000s.
Introduction of RTGS in March 2004.
Introduction of National Electronic Fund Transfer (NEFT) as a replacement to
Electronic Fund Transfer/Special Electronic Fund Transfer in 2005/2006.
CTS in 2007.

Electronic copy available at: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2151162

 3. LITERATURE REVIEW

The following studies on Information technology in banking sector, related directly or indirectly
have been reviewed in this chapter.

Dr. Satish Tanaji Bhosale, Dr. B.S Sawant, Technological Developments in Indian
Banking Sector :

This paper talks about the role of banking sector in the development of Indian Economy. So
banks need to optionally leverage technology to increase penetration, improve their productivity
and efficiency, deliver cost-effective products and services, provide faster. Efficient and
convenient customer service and thereby, contribute to overall growth and development of the
country. It highlights that technology allows transactions to take place faster and offer unparallel
convenience through various delivery channels. This paper also talks about various technologies
like MICR, Cheque transaction system, RTGS, NEFT etc.

Dr. V.S Mangnale, Ms. J.V Chavan, Mr. A.D Randive, E-CRM in Indian Banking Sector,
Golden Research Thoughts :

This paper highlights that technology, people and customer are the three elements on which
hinges the success of banking in the fast changing economic environment. The ultimate
performance of a bank depends upon the satisfaction of its customers. In the emerging
competitive and technological driven era, banks have to strive hard for retaining and enlarging
their customer base. E-CRM is the latest buzzword in the corporate sector and is perceived as
one of the effective tool in this direction by banks. This paper analyzes the concept of e-CRM in
Indian banks from its various dimensions covering specifically its need, process, present status
and future prospects.

KPMG, Technology enabled transformation in Banking, The Economic Times Banking

Technology , Conclave 2011:

The article has concluded that Information technology in banking is fast evolving. From enabling
banking services to driving transformation in the industry, Information technology holds a
promise to change the face of banking in the next few years. New entrants are looking to
leverage their existing strengths in the Indian banking arena. The opportunity available to these
entrants through leveraging their understanding of technologies and markets they operate in,
promises innovative business models with a focus on delivering customer value. The pace of
change aided by regulatory directions, will push banks to direct their strategies to a customer
centric focus over the next four years.
J. C. Henderson, N. Venkatraman, Strategic alignment: leveraging information
technology for transforming organizations :

This paper highlights that even though information technology (I/T) has evolved from its
traditional orientation of administrative support toward a more strategic role within an
organization. It says that there is still a glaring lack of fundamental frameworks within which to
understand the potential of I.T for tomorrow's organizations. In this paper, they have developed
a model for conceptualizing and directing the emerging area of strategic management of
information technology. This model, termed the Strategic Alignment Model, is defined in terms
of four fundamental domains of strategic choice: business strategy, information technology
strategy, organizational infrastructure and processes, and information technology Infrastructure
and processes-each with its own underlying dimensions.

G.S. Sureshchandar, Chandrasekharan Rajendran, R.N. Anantharaman, "Customer

perceptions of service quality in the banking sector of a developing economy: a critical
analysis":

This paper focuses on investigating the critical factors of customer perceived service quality in
banks of a developing economy India. Compares and contrasts the three groups of banks in
India with respect to the service quality factors from the perspective of the customers. There
seems to be a great amount of variation with respect to the level of service quality offered by the
three groups of banks. It has identified the factors that discriminate the three groups of banks.
Customers in developing economies seem to keep the technological factors of services such as
core service and systematization of the service delivery as the yardstick in differentiating good
and bad service while the human factors seem to play a lesser role in discriminating the three
groups of banks. The service quality indices with respect to the three groups and the Indian
banking industry as whole, offer interesting information on the level of service quality delivered
by banks in India.

4. Approach of RBI towards the Development of Information Technology in the

banking sector India:

Mr. P. Vohra, Chief Technology Officer, ICICI Bank feels that RBI has continued its efforts
for developing a modern and efficient, integrated payment and settlement system for the banking
sector. Initiatives taken by RBI for setting up RTGS will have far reaching impact.

Mr. V.K. Ramani, President ,IT UTI Bank is of the view that the Special Electronic Funds
Transfer opens up a significant business opportunity, large trading and distribution firms can
effectively implement e-procurement systems with settlement of transactions across the banking
system taking place under the SEFT.
Mr. Neeraj B Bhat, Chief Technology Officer, IDBI Bank feels that as such there is no major
shift on IT front in this years RBI policy. What we see today is the culmination of the initiatives
that were started few years back. These were in the areas of moving towards automating inter-
bank payment and settlement systems.

Mr. V. Chandershekher, Chief Technology Officer, Bank of Baroda, Technology initiatives

started of with with introduction of PDO-NDS during early 2002. This was followed by
introduction of CFMS Phase 1. Roll out of RTGS is very important. RTGS/SEFT addresses the
requirement of the customers for moving funds across bank branches at almost the same cost they
pay for the normal remittances facility. The chain of incidents indicates that the technology
focus of RBI is to bring in technology to minimize systemic risk.

Mr. Ravikiran Mankikar, Chief of IT, S.V. Vithal Co-Operative Bank feels that the Real
Time Groll Settlement project would create a major upheaval in the banking sector. The real
time payment across banks & regions would revolutionize the payment mechanism in India.
Mr. C.N. Ram, Chief Technology Officer, HDFC Bank, is of the view that RBI initiatives on
RTGS, which have been introduced in a systematic manner, will lead to technological
upgradation in banks. Now banks will have to put proper Information Technology systems in
place to participate in RTGS and provide the benefits of improved payment systems to their
customers. If they lag in this area they will lose their customers to other banks.

Mrs. S.A. Panse, DGM (IT), Bank of Maharastra also feels that NSS, coupled with connecting
the service branches of the bank and treasury with RTGS for settlement of all the transactions on
real time basis, would have an impact on the FLOAT funds. It would be imperative on each
banks part to establish a full fledged costing department (if not done already) and rework the
service charges structure.

5. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The use of Information Technology in all spheres of financial and banking sectors is a deep reality. The
sector has enabled the banking sector to go beyond its traditional role and is now playing an increasingly
important role in its key areas of operation as securitization, risks preference and liquidity among others
to which IT helps in a big way. It has assumed such high levels that it is no longer possible for banks to
manage their IT implementations on a standalone basis. With I.T. revolution, banks are increasingly
interconnecting their computer systems not only across branches in a city but also to other geographic
locations which high-speed network infrasacture and setting up local areas and networks are now exposed
to a growing number. The customers have high expectations and have become more demanding now as
they are also more techno-savvy as compared to their counterparts of the yesteryears. They demand
instant, anything and anywhere banking facilities. Though Reserve Bank of India has formulated many
policies on adoption of I.T. in the overall working of the commercial banks in India, yet there is an urgent
need to address the issues involved in this respect to compete with the banks at international level. As
such there is a great need to focus more on this aspect. The present study helps a lot in this regard.
 6. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY:

The study has following objectives:

To find out the progress of computerization in all the public sector banks of India.
To analyse the banking innovations after computerization of public sector banks of India.
To analyse the ATM progress in the public sector banks of India.
To identify challenges in the implementation of I.T. solutions in the public sector banks
of India.

7. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY :

The present study is based on the secondary data collected from different journals, magazines,
sites and published data from various issues of RBI and different Public sector banks. Various
studies on this subject have also been referred in this study. The heads and other functionaries
have also been contacted personally to collect the required data for this study.

8. ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS

Technology has changed the face of the Indian banking sector through computarisation. Though
the new private and foreign sector banks have an edge at present, yet public sector banks have also
made a significant progress in this regard. The analysis of the data collected from various banks
has been done under the following heads :

(a). Computerisation in banks :

Among the total number of public sector bank branches, 97.8 percent are fully computerized at the
end of March 2010 whereas all branches of SBI are fully computerized.

Table 1: Computerisation in Public Sector Banks

st
(As on 31 March 2010)
Sr. No. Name of the Bank Branches under Branches Fully Branches
Core Banking Fully Computerised Partially
Solutions % Computerised Branches (2+3) Computerised %
% %

Public Sector Banks 90.0 7.7 97.8 2.2

Nationalised Bank 85.9 10.9 96.9 3.1
1 Allahabad Bank 39.9 59.9 99.8 0.2
2 Andhra Bank 100.0 - 100.0 -
3 Bank of Baroda 100.0 - 100.0 -
4 Bank of India 100.0 - 100.0 -
5 Bank of Maharashtra 100.0 - 100.0 -
6 Canara Bank 59.4 40.6 100.0 -
7 Central Bank of India 34.2 51.6 85.7 14.3
8 Corporation Bank 100.0 - 100.0 -
9 Dena Bank 100.0 - 100.0 -
10 Indian Bank 100.0 - 100.0 -
11 Indian Overseas Bank 100.0 - 100.0 -
12 Oriental Bank of 100.0 - 100.0 -
Commerce
13 Punjab National Bank 100.0 100.0 100.0 -
14 Punjab and Sind Bank - 13.3 13.3 86.7
15 Syndicate Bank 100.0 - 100.0 -
16 UCO Bank 100.0 - 100.0 -
17 Union Bank of India 100.0 - 100.0 -
18 United Bank of India 100.0 - 100.0 -
19 Vijaya Bank 100.0 - 100.0 -
State Bank Group 100.0 - 100.0 -
20 State Bank of India 100.0 - 100.0 -
21 State Bank of Bikaner 100.0 - 100.0 -
and Jaipur
22 State Bank of Hyderabad 100.0 - 100.0 -
23 State Bank of Indore 100.0 - 100.0 -
24 State Bank of Mysore 100.0 - 100.0 -
25 State Bank of Patiala 100.0 - 100.0 -
26 State Bank of 100.0 - 100.0 -
Travancore
- : Nil/Negligible.
#: Other than branches under Core Banking Solutions.
Note : Data for IDBI Bank Ltd. is not available.
Source : Data furnished by respective banks as specified at
http://www.rbi.org.in/scripts/PublicationsView.aspx?id=12994

(b). Banking Innovations

Today we have electronic payment system along with currency notes. Indias financial sector
is moving towards a scenario, where it can have new instruments along with liquidity and
safety. Migration from cash and cheque based payment system. It has become a necessity to
electronic fund transfer system on account of the following reasons:

Large volumes of transaction,

High cost of physical handling and storage of paper instruments.
Delay in realization is a common feature.
Finality of payment takes time because the physical movement of instruments in large
volumes from branches to and from clearing house, and sorting them according to each
bank branch at the center creates problems
The two most common technologies used for electronic payments are as follows:

(i). National Electronic fund Transfer (NEFT) :

It is a nation-wide payment system facilitating one-to-one funds transfer. Under this Scheme,
individuals, firms and corporate can electronically transfer funds from any bank branch to any
individual, firm or corporate having an account with any other bank branch in the country
participating in the Scheme. For being part of the NEFT funds transfer network, a bank branch
has to be NEFT- enabled.

(ii). Real Time Gross Settlement (RTGS)

The acronym RTGS stands for Real Time Gross Settlement. RTGS system is a funds transfer
mechanism where transfer of money takes place from one bank to another on a real time and
on gross basis. This is the fastest possible money transfer system through the banking channel.
Settlement in real time means payment transaction is not subjected to any waiting period. The
transactions are settled as soon as they are processed. Gross settlement means the transaction is
settled on one to one basis without bunching with any other transaction. Considering that money
transfer takes place in the books of the Reserve Bank of India, the payment is taken as final and
irrevocable.

RTGS volume crossed 0.3 million transactions twice during March 2012 and the necessary
resource augmentation was undertaken to handle the high transaction volumes. In view of the
increasing volumes, as also other business requirements, the Reserve Bank is in the process of
replacing the existing RTGS with NG-RTGS, which provides more functions and facilities. The
NG-RTGS is expected to adopt the emerging messaging standards.

The table below indicates the various payment indicators along with their annual turnover.

. Payment Systems :

Table 2: Payment System Indicators - Annual Turnover

Volume (million) Value (` trillion)
Item 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Systemically Important
Payment Systems (SIPS)
1. RTGS 33.2 49.3 55 322.8 394.5 484.9
Total SIPS (1) 33.2 49.3 55 322.8 394.5 484.9
 Financial Markets Clearing
2. CBLO 0.1 0.2 0.1 155.4 122.6 111.6
3. Government Securities
Clearing 0.4 0.4 0.4 89.9 69.7 72.5
4. Forex Clearing 0.9 1.2 1.3 142.1 191.6 222
Total Financial Markets
Clearing (2-4) 1.4 1.7 1.9 387.4 383.9 406.1
Others
5. MICR Clearing 1,149.70 1,155.10 1,114.50 85.3 83 80.2
6. Non-MICR Clearing 230.6 232.3 227 18.8 18.3 18.8
Retail Electronic Clearing
7. ECS DR 149.3 156.7 164.7 0.7 0.7 0.8
8. ECS CR 98.1 117.3 121.5 1.2 1.8 1.8
9. EFT/NEFT 66.3 132.3 226.1 4.1 9.4 17.9
Total Retail Electronic
Clearing 313.7 406.3 512.3 6 11.9 20.6
Cards
10. Credit Cards 234.2 265.1 320 0.6 0.8 1
11. Debit Cards 170.2 237.1 327.5 0.3 0.4 0.5
Total Cards 404.4 502.2 647.5 0.9 1.1 1.5
Total Others (5 to 11) 2,098.40 2,295.90 2,501.30 110.9 114.4 121.1
Grand Total (1-11) 2,133.00 2,346.90 2,558.20 821.1 892.9 1,012.00
Note: 1. Data for MICR clearing include data for high value clearing (HVC) for the year 2009-10.
HVC was a special clearing of cheques for ` 0.1 million (later changed to `1 million) and was
discontinued from April 1, 2010.
2. At the end of April 2012, MICR clearing was available at 64 centres (66 centres during the
previous year) and the cheque truncation system (CTS) is available at two centres, namely New
Delhi and Chennai. Full cheque clearing volume at New Delhi and Chennai has been migrated to
CTS from July 2009 and March 2012 respectively. The CTS data is part of the MICR data clearing.
3. Settlement of government securities clearing and forex transactions is through the Clearing
Corporation of India Ltd (CCIL).
4. The figures for cards are for transactions at POS terminals only.
5. Transactions pertaining to pre-paid instruments (PPI) and mobile banking for a value of `62 billion
and`18.21 billion respectively have not been included in the retail electronic clearing.

Source : Data furnished by respective banks as specified at

http://www.rbi.org.in/scripts/PublicationsView.aspx?id=12994
(i). Promoting Electronic Modes of Payment

The Reserve Bank vigorously promotes the use of electronic modes of payment over paper based
payments, as they are safe, secure, cost-effective and more efficient. The various security
measures in card payment systems and the guidelines for intermediaries have also contributed to
the safety of the system, resulting in the increased use of electronic payments

The increase in the spread of NEFT to 86,449 branches and RTGS to 84,638 branches as at end-
May 2012 underscores the success of various policy initiatives in this regard. Further, the
rationalization of the access criteria norms, including the option of sub-membership, is expected
to increase the electronic payment products that banks offer to their customers.

To provide a fillip to the growth of the electronic payment system, the Reserve Bank had waived
processing charges in March 2006. These have been re-introduced from July 1, 2011 by way of a
service charge from originating banks to provide adequate compensation to banks that manage
the operations and the destination bank. Along similar lines, service charges in the RTGS system
were introduced from October 1, 2011 to recover operational costs and to bring further efficiency
in the system. The RTGS service charges have been introduced with three sub-components:
monthly membership fee, transaction fee, and time varying tariff. Member banks are permitted to
pass on only the time varying tariff to their customers.

Reflecting these measures, transactions under NEFT grew by 71 per cent (volume) and 91 per
cent (value) during 2011-12. The volume and value of gross transactions in RTGS also registered
a growth of 11.7 per cent and 11.2 per cent respectively, during 2011-12. The value of gross
transactions in RTGS constituted 51 per cent of the total value of non-cash payments during
2011-12.

The increasing usage of alternate modes of payments, such as credit cards, debit cards, PPIs and
mobile payments has accelerated the growth of non-cash and non-paper based mode of
payments. The use of both debit and credit cards at POS were at par in 2011-12; however, usage
in value terms is still tilted towards credit cards.

PPIs registered a significant growth of over 67 per cent (in value terms) during 2011-12 and
constituted 36.3 per cent of the total card segment in the country, with paper vouchers
accounting for the bulk. As of end-March 2012, 39 banks (including the Department of Post) and
20 non-bank entities were authorised to issue PPIs in India. The launch of e-wallets by non-
banks reflects the significant opportunity for mobile wallets and magstripe cards to increase their
overall share in the PPI market.
To encourage the use of mobile phones as a channel of payment, India has adopted a bank led
mobile payment model. As at end-March 2012, 49 banks with a customer base of 13 million
provided mobile banking service in India. During the year 2011-12, 25.6 million mobile banking
transactions valued at `18.2 billion were transacted, thus registering a growth of 198 per cent and
174 per cent, respectively, over the previous year.

(ii). Card Payments:

The Reserve Bank has mandated additional factor of authentication for the use of cards issued by
banks in India. Accordingly, banks have implemented the same for all on-line card-not present
(CNP) transactions (e-commerce, m-commerce and interactive voice response). The mandate has
been extended to include all mail order telephone order and standing instructions by May 1,
2012, with the additional caveat that in the case of customer grievance for transactions effected
without the additional authentication after the stipulated date, the issuer bank shall reimburse the
loss to the customer without demur.

As part of the measures to contain the risk in card present transactions, the Reserve Bank in
March 2011 constituted a working group on CP transactions to study and recommend an action
plan to foolproof the system. The Reserve Bank has since advised banks and other stakeholders
to implement the necessary measures1 within the stipulated time-frame.

(d). Growth of ATMs in India:

Even through ATM originally developed for cash dispenses, now it includes many other bank
related functions such as- cash withdrawal, paying routing bills fees and taxes, printing bank
statements, funds transfers, purchasing online products, train tickets reservations, products from
shopping mall, donations and charities, adding pre-paid cell phone/mobile phone credit,
advertising channels for own or third party products and services and payment of insurance
premiums.

Table 3: ATM Strength (as on 31st March 2011)

Banks Number
Public Sector banks 49,487
Private Sector banks 23,651
Old Private sector banks 4,126
Foreign Banks 1,367
Total 74,505

About 70% of the total ATMs are in urban/metro areas. Public Sector banks have stronger reach
in rural areas (SBI)
The use of electronic payment has witnessed manifold increase, partly reflecting increased
adoption of technology. The growth of volume of ATMs indicates that customer most prefer ATMs
for transactions. ATMs provide different kinds of services per customer. According to data from
National Payments Corporation of India, the number of ATMs in the country of private,
public, foreign and cooperative banks, part of the National Financial Switch connecting all
ATMs had reached 98,025 by the end of April 2012.

( e ). Corporate Internet Banking:

The Internet has initiated an electronic revolution in the global banking sector. Its dynamic and
flexible nature as well as its ubiquitous reach has helped in leveraging a variety of banking
activities. The Internet has e emerged as one of the major distribution channels of banking
products and services for banks in the U.S and in European countries. Consumers are
embracing the many benefits of Internet banking like improved customer access which
facilitates the offering of more services, attract new customers and reduce customer attrition.
The followings are the advantages of Internet Banking:

(i). Advantages to customers :

Banking from your desk: - with e-banking services, one can actually carry out a number
of transactions sitting on ones seat with just a few click. Net banking customers view
their account balance and also open fixed deposits, transfer funds, pay electricity,
telephone or mobile phones bills and much more.
Instant information: The accounts of the customers are updated as soon as the
transaction takes place i.e., the accounts show the information updated to the last
second. This means if a cheque issued by you has been debited from your account in the
morning, your account status will reflect this when you log in to your accounts in the
afternoon as against the earlier updating at the end of the day.

(ii) Advantages to the banks:

Lesser personnel required: online banking has encouraged a chunk of people, though
a smaller one to carry out most of their transactions from a distance. This has
resulted in lesser pressure on the employees in terms of entertaining customers.
Easy publicity: banks can easily pass on the information about their new
avenues/schemes without any wastage of time. Customers interested in the schemes
would revert back and can be attended to later.
 (f). Payment Systems by RBI:

Inter-bank Clearing System

High Value Clearing System
MICR Clearing System
Government Securities Clearing System and
Real Time Gross Settlement System

9. Dimensions of IT Innovation
(a) Electronic-only retail commercial banking

(i). Potential for Electronic-only Retail Commercial Banking:

Greater price transparency.

Greater convenience to customers (including congenial resolution of customer
complains through electronic media).
Each customer segment interacts with the bank through the most cost effective
distribution channel.
Innovations (such as smart cards and digital cash) that circumvent banks proprietary
networks with alternative distribution or payment systems.
Creation of new customer segments and improved relationship banking.

(ii). Challenges in Electronic-only Retail Commercial Banking

Each new technological innovation accounts for (proportionally) smaller reductions in

price differentials.
Bank customers remain unwilling to pay for interfaces for the new technology, while
merchants expect to share the revenue of new payment media through lower
commission charges.
Defection rates remain low thanks to the inertia of bank customers, which has been
historically high.
Unknown brand name and associated high marketing expenditure (to attract long-term
core deposits)002E

(b). Operational Function Innovation

(i). Potential for electronic-only retail commercial banking:

Enhanced financial performance due to reductions in overhead expenses (i.e. no retail
branch network) which are not offset by reductions in revenue or increases in other
expenses.
 Standardization of activities in payment and lending services eliminates the uniqueness
of banks proven expertise and ability to control losses from payment activities
efficiently.
Access to a much wider base of depositors and high rates of asset growth

(ii). Challenges for Electronic-only Retail Commercial Banking:

The possibility of scale economies make it very hard for potential entrants to catch up,
even with technically better systems.
Continued importance of contextual non - standardized elements to assess risk.
The potential for fraud, money laundering and systemic failure requires supervision,
regulation and minimum capital requirement.
More specialized (and expensive) labor force.

10. CONCLUSION

The cut throat competition and increasing expectation of customers had resulted in increased
awareness on information technology among the commercial banks in India. The arrival of
foreign and new private sector banks with their superior technology based services has also
forced the commercial banks in India to switch over to the new technology in their day to day
operations. The use of technology in expanding banking sector in India is one of the key focus
areas not only for commercial banks but for the policy makers also. The banks in India are using
Information Technology not only to improve their own internal processes but also to improvise
facilities and services to their customers.

The efficient use of technology has facilitated accurate and timely management of the increased
transaction volumes of banks which comes with larger customer base. Indian banking industry is
greatly benefiting from I.T. revolution all over the world. It enabled sophisticated product
development, better market infrastructure, implementation of reliable techniques for control of
risks and has helped the financial intermediaries to reach geographically distant and diversified
markets.

The Information Technology Act, 2000 has also provided the much needed legal recognition to
the creation, transmission and retention of an electronic or magnetic data which can be treated as
a valid proof in a court of law, except in those areas, which continue to be governed by the
provisions of the Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881. By designing and offering simple, safe and
secure technology, banks reach at the doorsteps of the customers with an objective of delight
customer satisfaction. In fact Information technology has succeeded in creating a win- win
situation for all concerned segments in India.
REFERENCES

Bose Jayshree (2006),E-Banking in India, The paradigm Shift, PP. 22-23,

The ICFAI Unversity Press.
Brown, I. & Molla, A. (2005) Determinants of Internet and cell phone banking
adoption in South Africa. Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce, Vol. 9,
No. 4, pp.1-9.
Daddihal V.S. Kulkarni P.K., Technology in Banks A Case Study of HDFC Bank,
Professional Bankers, April 2998 Vol-VIII Issue-4, p-82
Gurusamy S.(2005), Merchant Banking and Financial Services. PP. 406-410, Nicole
Imprints Pvt. Ltd.
RBI Annual Report 2011-12.
Indian Banker, June 2007 Vol II No6 Indian Banks Association Mumbai.
Indian Banking 2010 Special issue 2004, vol. 26 No I, IBA bulletin, IBA Mumbai.
Elements of Mercantile Law by N D Kapoor Sultan Chand & Sons, New Delhi, 2006, P
353.
Jain Sudhir, Fraudulent Encashment Impact and Safeguards, The Indian Banker, Vol.
3 No. 3
Uppal R.K., Customer Perception of E Banking Services of Indian Banks: Some
Survey Evidence, The ICFAI Journal of Bank Management, Vol. VII No.10.
Pathrose P P (2001), Hi Tech. Banking Prospects and Problem, IBA Bulletin, Vol. 13,
No.7.
Kulkarni R V (2000), Changing Face of Banking from Brick and Mortar Banking to E -
Banking, IBA Bulletin (January).
Metzer S R (2000), Strategic Planning for Future Bank growth, : The Bankers
Magazine, (July - August), pp. 57- 65.
http:/www.banknetindia.com/special/itbanking.htm.
http:/www.britannica.com/bps.
http:/findarticles.com
http:/highbeam.com.