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    Single Line To Ground Fault

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    Sureshraja9977
    The document discusses single line to ground fault analysis in a three phase system with an earthed neutral. It explains that for a fault in phase A, the sequence currents Ia0, Ia1, and Ia2 will all be equal to Ia/3. The fault current Ia can be calculated as 3Ea divided by the sum of the positive, negative, and zero sequence impedances. Voltages on the healthy and faulty phases can also be determined based on the sequence components. The analysis assumes a solidly grounded neutral; with a resistive ground, the fault current formula would include the ground impedance.

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    Single Line To Ground Fault

    Uploaded by

    Sureshraja9977
    520 views4 pages
    The document discusses single line to ground fault analysis in a three phase system with an earthed neutral. It explains that for a fault in phase A, the sequence currents Ia0, Ia1, and Ia2 will all be equal to Ia/3. The fault current Ia can be calculated as 3Ea divided by the sum of the positive, negative, and zero sequence impedances. Voltages on the healthy and faulty phases can also be determined based on the sequence components. The analysis assumes a solidly grounded neutral; with a resistive ground, the fault current formula would include the ground impedance.

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    Line to ground fault

    Original Title

    Single Line to Ground Fault

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    The document discusses single line to ground fault analysis in a three phase system with an earthed neutral. It explains that for a fault in phase A, the sequence currents Ia0, Ia1, and Ia2 will all be equal to Ia/3. The fault current Ia can be calculated as 3Ea divided by the sum of the positive, negative, and zero sequence impedances. Voltages on the healthy and faulty phases can also be determined based on the sequence components. The analysis assumes a solidly grounded neutral; with a resistive ground, the fault current formula would include the ground impedance.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    520 views4 pages

    Single Line To Ground Fault

    Uploaded by

    Sureshraja9977
    The document discusses single line to ground fault analysis in a three phase system with an earthed neutral. It explains that for a fault in phase A, the sequence currents Ia0, Ia1, and Ia2 will all be equal to Ia/3. The fault current Ia can be calculated as 3Ea divided by the sum of the positive, negative, and zero sequence impedances. Voltages on the healthy and faulty phases can also be determined based on the sequence components. The analysis assumes a solidly grounded neutral; with a resistive ground, the fault current formula would include the ground impedance.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 4

    Single Line to Ground Fault Analysis

    In earlier posts we discussed, Concept of Symmetrical Components and Calculation of


    Symmetrical Components. It is recommended to go through these topics before
    analyzing Single Line to Ground Fault.

    You must read, Concept of Symmetrical Components and Calculation of Symmetrical


    Components

    Let us consider a three phase system with earthed neutral as shown below.

    Let us assume that a ground fault takes place in A phase (In many industries and
    numerical relays, normally the phases are said as A, B and C instead of R, Y and B,
    though they represent the same thing i.e. A phase means R phase, B means Y phase
    and C means B phase). Ea, Eb and Ec are the Generator terminal voltage per phase.
    Bold letters here represent vector form.

    Because of ground fault in A phase, the voltage at the point of fault will become zero
    and current through the other phases i.e. B and C phases will become zero. Therefore
    we can write as

    Va = 0

    Ib = 0

    Ic = 0

    Therefore, from the Calculation of Symmetrical Components, we can write as


    Ia0 = (Ia + Ib + Ic)/3

    = Ia/3

    Ia1 = (Ia + Ib + 2Ic)/3

    = Ia/3

    and,

    Ia2 = (Ia + 2Ib + Ic)/3

    = Ia/3

    From the above expressions of positive, negative and zero sequence components of
    current in faulted phase A, we observe that all the sequence currents are equal in
    magnitude and phase. Thus for faulted phase, in case of Single Line to Ground Fault,
    we can write

    Ia0 = Ia1 = Ia2 = Ia/3

    Calculation of Fault Current:

    First thing which must be understood at this point, that fault current is completing its
    path through the grounded neutral. If there were no any grounded neutral, no fault
    current would have been flow.

    We will apply Kirchhofs voltage law here to find the fault current. As fault current is only
    flowing in the faulted phase A, therefore we are only interested in finding Ia.

    Ea = Va + Ia0Z0 + Ia1Z1 + Ia2Z2

    = 0 + Ia0Z0 + Ia1Z1 + Ia2Z2

    Ea = Ia0Z0 + Ia1Z1 + Ia2Z2

    But Ia0 = Ia1 = Ia2 = Ia/3 so,

    Ea = Ia/3 Z0 + Ia/3 Z1 + Ia/3 Z2

    Ia = 3Ea / (Z0 + Z1 + Z2)

    From the above expression of fault current, it is quite clear that positive, negative and
    zero sequence impedance are connected in series for Single Line to Ground Fault and
    the equivalent circuit may be represented as shown below.
    The above expression for fault current has been derived assuming that the neutral of
    the system is solidly grounded. For a system where neutral is grounded through some
    finite resistance, say Z, then the fault current would be given as

    Ia = 3Ea / (Z0 + Z1 + Z2 + Z)

    It shall also be noted that, for ungrounded system or isolated neutral system as there is
    no path for neutral current to flow, therefore the impedance seen by zero sequence
    current will be infinite (as only zero sequence current flows through the neutral) and
    hence the value of zero sequence component of fault current will be zero.

    You may like to read Concept of Neutral Grounding.

    Calculation of Voltage of Healthy and Faulty Phases:

    Since the generated voltage of Generator is positive sequence voltage, therefore

    Ea0 = 0

    Ea1 = Ea

    Ea2 = 0

    Now, the positive sequence voltage at the point of fault

    Va1 = Ea Ia1Z1
    = Ea - Ea Z1/ (Z0 + Z1 + Z2)

    Va1 = (Z2 + Z0)Ea / (Z0 + Z1 + Z2)

    Similarly,

    Va2 = 0 Ia2Z2

    = - Ea Z2/ (Z0 + Z1 + Z2)

    and

    Va0 = 0 - Ia0Z1

    = Ea Z0/ (Z0 + Z1 + Z2)

    Thus we have calculated the sequence components of voltages of faulty phase. For
    calculating the voltages of healthy phase we will apply the concept of symmetrical
    components as shown below.

    Vb = Vb0 + 2Vb1 + Vb1

    Vc = Vc0 + Vc1 + 2Vc1

    In this way, we can calculate the level of earth fault current in Single Line to Ground
    fault and voltages of different phases.
    Posted by Aditya Kumar at 08:36:00
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    Labels: Power System protection

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