BANKING STRUCTURE------

1st bank was hindustaan bank in 1770 which is in kolkata then oudh commercial bank in 1881 faziabaad
that is partially indian bank and then allahabaad bank in 1865 which is the oldest indian bank still working
and also PNB in 1894 which is firstly establish in lahore and 1921 me ye teeno presidency bank merge
hue the bane to pehle hi the..

1921 me 3 banks bane -

1) Presidency bank of Bengal

2) Presidency bank of Madras
3) Presidency bank of Bombay

Inhe bola jata tha Imperial bank of INDIA..1st july 1955 me is Imperial bank of INDIA ka
nationalization hua aur sath me naam rakha gya State Bank of India.isliye dhyan de ki
nationalization Imperial bank of INDIA ka hua na ki SBI ka isliye aap ko kahi bi SBI ke nationalization
ke bare me nai milega.

1934 me RBI act banaden 1 april 1935 me RBI bank bana.RBI ka nationalization 1 jan 1949 me hua

Rbi ke under basically 3 types ke bank aate h

1) Development banks---- iske under aapke NABARD, IDBI, SIDBI, NHB, EXIM ,ICICI ye sare banks
aate h..jo society , country aur unke logo ke viaks ke liye kaam karte h

2) Co-operative banks-- it is distributed in 3 parts---

State co-operative bank

District co-operative bank
Primary agriculture credit socities

3) Commercial bankit is distributed in 2 parts

Non Schedule commercial bank---- worked till 1997 after that finisheddese r banks which r region
based ex J&K bank
Schedule commercial bank---- rbi act 1934 section 2e ke under aate h aur jinki capital >= 5 lakh
thiall public sector banks come under dis schedule banks.

SBI + 5 assosiate banks means 1+5=6..Ek bat dhyan de ye associate banks SBI ne khud nai
banayeye banks alag hua karte the bad me inho ne SBI ka nam use karna suru kiya jiske liye ye SBI ko
uska naam aur logo use karne ka 1% of total profit dete hSBI aise hi kisi ko apna naam aur logo nai
use karne deta uske liye wo uski profile study karta agr satisfy hua to allow karega

Nationalized banks--- 19 july 1969 ko 14 banks ka hua jinki capital >= 50 crore thi + 15 april
1980 ko 6 banks ka nationalization hua jinki capital >= 200 crore thi == 14+ 6 = 20 isme se ek bank
NEW BANK OF INDIA merge ho gayi PNB me to total nationalized banks = 20-1 = 19

RRB2 oct 1975 ko pahli bar 5 RRB banaye gayeinki funding is tarah hoti h50% central govt
+15% state govt.+ 35% sponsored banks.total rrb r 82..
 IDBI bank--- semi govt bank

Private bank--- Indian and foreign both.

Total public sector bank= 1 sbi + 5 assosiate + 19 nationalized + idbi = 26

Now I am giving the list of different institute and dere headquarter with dere years

INSTITUE YEAR CHAIRMAN HEADQUATER

RBI 1935 D SUBBARAO MUMBAI
SBI 1955 PRATIP CHAUDHARY MUMBAI
ICICI 1955 K V KAMATH MUMBAI
LIC 1956 D K MAHROTRA MUMBAI
IDBI 1964 R M MALLA MUMBAI
1ST RRB 1975
NABARD 1982 PRAKASH BAKSHI MUMBAI
CAPART 1986 NEW DELHI
EXIM 1988
NHB 1988 NEW DELHI
SEBI 1988 U K SINHA MUMBAI
SIDBI 1990 LUCKNOW
NSE 1992

List is given in increasing order of dere year..so u may learn it in order.and dere will be less possibility
to forget dem

Now head office of 19 nationalized banks + SBI----

MUMBAI- SBI, BOI, CBI, DENA, UNION BANK OF INDIA

PUNE- BANK OF MAHRASTRA
NEW DELHI- OBC, P&S, PNB
KOLKATTA- ALLAHABAD BANK, UCO, UNITED BANK
HAYDERABADANDHRA BANK
BARODA- BOB
BANGLORE- CANRA, VIJYA, SINDICATE, CORPORATION
CHENNAI- INDIAN, INDIAN OVERSEASE.

Inhe aapas me relate kar ke yaad karearam se yaad ho jayenge

FDI LIMITS --- FDi limit bas 5 % me divide h --- 26, 49, 51, 74, 100
26%-- Defense , Media , FM RADIO
49%-- Public Sec. Banks, NEW BANK, AIRLINES, INFRASTRUCTURE , Pension , Insurance
51%-- MULTI BRAND RETAIL,
74%-- MOBILE & PRIVATE SECTOR, PRIVATE BANKS,
100%-- Single Brand , Tourism , Pharmaceuticals

RBI
Pahle headquater kolkatta tha1937 me Mumbai shift huaRBI governor isi office me baithta h
 Regional office22
Sub Regional office5
Board member20

1 governor
4 deputy governor
1 ministry of finance
4 local board
10 nominated by govt of india

Function of rbi----

Issue of currencyexcept coins and 1 rs note(iska reason ye h ki RBi ek limit me currency issue kar
sakti hbut coins aur 1 rs note issue karne ki authority govt ke pass hwo isliye ki kabi bi imergency k
etym jaise ki war humare desh ko paise ki jarurat padegi au raise tym par koi bi country kisi dusri country
ko financial help nai kartikyuki use bi apne paise dub jane ka dar hota hau raise me RBi bi issue nai
kar sakti uski bi limitation hto aise me govt jitna chahe utna 1 rs note aur coins issue kar sakti h)
Agent of bank of govt.
Bankers bank
Banking development--- jaise financial inclusion
Management and control of foreign reserve
Issue of credit and monetary policy

Monetary policy me 2 cheeze aati h---

1. Qualitative measures--- isme RBI kisi bank ko moral support de sakta hcredit margin set kar sakta
h.ya kisi bi bank ke pass agr 5 crore se jayda ke loan ke liye file aati h to RBI khud us profile ko study
karke pass karta h
2. Quantitative measuresisme sare tarah ke rates aate h jis se RBI inflation ya market me money
control karta hjaise bank, repo, reverse repo, crr, slr rate etc

BASEL NORMS

Ye thoda complicated topic hiske bare me bas kuch points ache se samjh le
Pahli cheez ki BASEL ek place h jo Switzerland me h.ise BCBS means BASEL COMMITTEE ON BANKING
SUPERVISON bi kahte h.BIS means BANKS FOR INTERNATIONAL SETTLEMENT ne ye BASEL NORMS
banaye the.iska main aim tha ki aaj ke inflation k etym koi bi bank band ho jaye..to banks ko ache
tarike se chalane ke liye ye kuch norms provide karaye gaye

Basel norms me basically 3 pillars the jin par banks ko dhyan dene ko kaha gya tha

1. Pillar 1-- isme basically Capital adequacy ratio (CAR) aata h ise capital to rish weighted asset ratio bi
kahte hmatlb kisi bi bank ke pass uske jo risk weighted assets means loans h jinke recover hone ke
kam chances h jinhe NPA bi kahte h to uske against sufficient capital honi chayie..
2. Pillar 2isme hum 3 main risk ki safety ke bare me padhte h
 Credit riskki bhai agr kisi ko loan de rahe h to ache se uski profile study karo ki kahi wo diya gya loan
recover na ho paya to
Market riskmarket me apni growth ko increase karne ke liye agr koi plan banaya h to ache se study
kare ki kahi wo fail to nai hoga.
Operational riskki apne internal bank ki growth aur success ke liye jo plan banaye h wo fail na ho

3. Pillar 3market discipline-- market ko tym to tym study karte rahna chayie jis se aap tym to tym
apni schemes me chnges la sake aur customers ko attract kar sake

Iske alawa basel norms google se padh sakte h jo kafi complicated way me diya hogaagr itna samjh
liya to kafi h koi bi is se jayda nai puchegaaap ko bas basel norms kya h aur kyu banaya gya aur kismet
kaun se 3 pillars h ye pta hona chayie.

Ab tak 3 basel norms aa cuke hBASEL norms 1-- 2004-2008basel norms 2--- 2009-2012.basel
norms 3 --- 2013-2019 tak.

Basel norms jitne % bi CAR maintain rakhne ko kahta hRBI india ki sabi banko ke liye safe hand us se 1
% increase kar ke rakhne ko bolta h.
Bank rate- is rate par rbi bank ko "long term" loan provide karta h...long term means above 90
days...aur rbi is rate par gov. security bi kharidta h...ye rate rbi decide karta h...jo ab hamesha
MSF(marginal standing facilty) ke equal hoga..currently 9%

Repo rate- is rate par rbi bank ko "short term" loan provide karta h...short term means 1 to 90
days..decided by rbi..dis is also called LAF liquidity adjustment facility...currently 8%

MSF- jab bank ko sirf 1 din ke liye loan chayie hota h to wo rbi se MSF ke through loan leta
h...isme bank ko uski total "NET DEMAND AND TIME LIABILTIES" ka 2% as a loan mil
sakta h...ye ek extra facility h jo rbi provide karata h to but obivios its rate will be higher than
repo rate...currently 9%

yaad karne ka acha tarika...

1 day ke liye loan--MSF

1-90 days ke liye loan--repo rate
above 90 days ke liye loan--bank rate..

CRR- cash reserve ratio.iske through banks apne total depostis ka kuch % RBI ke pass jama
kar dete hjaise ki current me CRR 4.25%(updated on 30/10/12) h to mtlab agr bank ke pass
logo ka total deposit 100 rs h to wo 4.25 rs rbi ke pass jama kar denge....ye basically customer ko
dhyan me rakh kar banaya gya hki agr kal ko koi bank corrupt ho gayi to is CRR ke through
RBI customers ko unke total deposits ka kuch paisa refund kar sake.. is ka ek ve point ye h ki
RBI is par banks ko koi interest nai detameans lakho carore rs RBI ke pass aise hi bina kisi use
ke pada hua hiski limit 3%-15% rakhi gayiphr 2007 me iski min limit ko khatm kar
diyameans aaj ki date me 0-15% h

SLR- total deposit ka kuch part minimum risk assets me invest karna.minimum risk asset
matlb wo ki future me jinki value kam ho jaye iske chances kam hojaise gold, govt. security,
foreign currency (eg-$)..iski limit 25-40% rakhi gayibut phr 2007 me iski min limit ko
dissolve kar diya gyaaaj ki date me iski limit 0-40% h.

To yahan ek bat aur samjh le ki agr kabi bi inflation ho to RBI CRR aur SLR ko manage kar ke
inflation ko control karti hisiliye CRR aur SLR ko RBI ke liye DIRECT instruments kahte
hkyuki inhi se directly inflation control ki jati h

Repo aur Reverse repo ye INDIRECT instrument hote h inhe LAF(liquidity adjustment
facility) bi kahte hinse market me paisa jayda ya kam h use control karte h.

40% priority sector me invest karna hota hpriority sector jaise agriculture, small industry,
retail, micro credit, education, housing etc.isme bi 18% agriculture ka fix hota h

4.25%( CRR) + 23%(SLR)+ 40%(priority sector)=67.25%........now 100-67.5 = 32.75%....matlb

100 rs bank ke pass h to bas 32.5 rs hi bank ke liye bachte jo wo apne hisab se spend karta h..
BASE rate- ye wo rate h jo banks individual khud decide karta h apna apnaaur is se neeche
kisi ko bi loan nai diya jata.han employees ko de sakta h but uske alawa kisi ko nai.1 july
2010 me aaya tha ye rate kyuki BPLR(bench mark prime lending rate) fail hua tha

PLR- ye wo rate h jo banks apna individual decide karta h aur jo uske regular ya purane ya
trustworthy costumers h to unhe is rate par loan deta h.ye rate nrmal rates se kam hote h

NOTE - Ab itna simple aur direct meaning samjhne ke bad inke bare me aur kuch bhokali
samjhna ho to google use kare
 Repo, Reverse Repo, CRR, SLR, Inflation and Deflation

Repo, Reverse Repo, CRR, SLR, Inflation and Deflation

Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR)

Cash reserve Ratio (CRR) is the amount of funds that the banks are required
to park with the RBI. If the central bank decides to increase the CRR, the
available amount with the banks comes down. The RBI resorts to CRR tool to
drain out excess money out of the system.
Commercial banks are required to maintain with the RBI an average cash
balance, the amount of which shall not be less than 3% of the total of the Net
Demand and Time Liabilities (NDTL), on a fortnightly basis and the RBI is
empowered to increase the rate of CRR to such higher rate not exceeding
20% of the NDTL.

Repo Rate

The rate at which the RBI lends money to commercial banks is called repo
rate. It is an instrument of monetary policy. Whenever banks have any
shortage of funds they can borrow from the RBI.
A reduction in the repo rate helps banks get money at a cheaper rate and vice
versa. The repo rate in India is similar to the discount rate in the US
Discount rate is at which a central bank repurchases government securities
from the commercial banks, depending on the level of money supply it
decides to maintain in the country's monetary system. To temporarily expand
the money supply, the central bank decreases repo rates (so that banks can
swap their holdings of government securities for cash), to contract the money
supply it increases the repo rates. Alternatively, the central bank decides on a
desired level of money supply and lets the market determine the appropriate
repo rate.

Reverse Repo rate

Reverse Repo rate is the rate at which the RBI borrows money from
commercial banks. Banks are always happy to lend money to the RBI since
their money are in safe hands with a good interest.

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 Repo, Reverse Repo, CRR, SLR, Inflation and Deflation

An increase in reverse repo rate can prompt banks to park more funds with
the RBI to earn higher returns on idle cash. It is also a tool which can be used
by the RBI to drain excess liquidity (money) out of the banking system.

Statutory Liquidity Ratio (SLR)

SLR (Statutory Liquidity Ratio) is the amount a commercial bank needs to

maintain in the form of cash, or gold or government approved securities
(Bonds) before providing credit to its customers. SLR rate is determined and
maintained by the RBI (Reserve Bank of India) in order to control the
expansion of bank credit.
How is SLR determined? - SLR is determined as the percentage of total
demand and percentage of time liabilities. Time Liabilities are the liabilities a
commercial bank liable to pay to the customers on their anytime demand.
What is the Need of SLR? - With the SLR (Statutory Liquidity Ratio), the
RBI can ensure the solvency a commercial bank. It is also helpful to control
the expansion of Bank Credits. By changing the SLR rates, RBI can increase
or decrease bank credit expansion. Also through SLR, RBI compels the
commercial banks to invest in government securities like government bonds.
SLR to Control Inflation and propel growth - SLR is used to control
inflation and propel growth. Through SLR rate tuning the money supply in the
system can be controlled efficiently.

Inflation in India

Inflation is as an increase in the price of bunch of Goods and services that projects
the Indian economy. An increase in inflation figures occurs when there is an increase
in the average level of prices in Goods and services. Inflation happens when there
are less Goods and more buyers, this will result in increase in the price of Goods,
since there is more demand and less supply of the goods.

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 Repo, Reverse Repo, CRR, SLR, Inflation and Deflation

How government manages inflation?

At present, India manages inflation through effective monetary policy which

monitored by Reserve Bank of India and fiscal policy regulated by Union
Finance Ministry.
The monetary policy formulated by Reserve Bank encompasses studies of the
causes of inflation and other economic and financial indicators that help it
identify the underlying inflationary pressures and formulate an effective
policy.
Inflation is caused by an increase in the money supply in the economy and
can be controlled by lowering the money supply in the economy as people
would have lesser money to spend, leading to reduced demand. Reserve Bank
of India manages the monetary measures through reserve requirements and
lending rates comprising of Bank rate, Repo rate, Reverse repo rate, Cash
reserve rate by imposing restrictions and requirements on lending
institutions to reduce the amount of credit available in the market, thereby
reducing the amount of free flowing capital in the economy, i.e., the amount
of excess liquidity in the financial market.
This action increases the cost associated with borrowing currency, thereby
reducing the demand of goods and services, which in turn reduces or
stabilizes the prices of these goods and services.

What is Deflation - Deflation is the continuous decrease in prices of goods and

services. Deflation occurs when the inflation rate becomes negative (below zero) and
stays there for a longer period.

What are the effects of Deflation? - During deflation the price of goods and
services continue to fall and during that consumers will tend to delay their purchases
hoping that prices may fall further. This is dangerous as this will lead to lower
production, lower wages, and decline in demand and thus, consequently lead to
further decrease in prices. This is known as deflationary spiral.

What is Deflationary Spiral? - It is a situation when decrease in the prices leads

to lower production, lower wages and demand, which can lead to further decrease in

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 Repo, Reverse Repo, CRR, SLR, Inflation and Deflation

the prices. A deflationary spiral is when decrease in prices lead to a vicious circle (a
trouble leads to another that aggravates the first).

How inflation is calculated in India?

India uses the Wholesale Price Index (WPI) to calculate and then decide the rate of
inflation in the economy. Most developed countries use the Consumer Price Index
(CPI) to calculate inflation.
WPI was first published in 1902, and was one of the major economic
indicators available to policy makers until it was replaced by the Consumer
Price Index in most developed countries by in the 1970s.
WPI is the index that is used to measure the change in the average price level
of goods traded in wholesale market. In India, price data for 675 commodities
is tracked through WPI which is an indicator of movement in prices of
commodities in all trades and transactions. It is also the price index which is
available on a weekly basis with the shortest possible time lag -- two weeks.
The Indian government has taken WPI as an indicator of the rate of inflation
in the economy.
CPI is a statistical time-series measure of a weighted average of prices of a
specified set of goods and services purchased by consumers. It is a price
index that tracks the prices of a specified basket of consumer goods and
services, providing a measure of inflation.
CPI is a fixed quantity price index and considered by some a cost of living
index. Under CPI, an index is scaled so that it is equal to 100 at a chosen
point in time, so that all other values of the index are a percentage relative to
this one.
Some economists argue that it is high time that India abandoned WPI and
adopted CPI to calculate inflation.
India is the only major country that uses a wholesale index to measure
inflation. Most countries use the CPI as a measure of inflation, as this actually
measures the increase in price that a consumer will ultimately have to pay
for.
CPI is the official barometer of inflation in many countries such as the United
States, the United Kingdom, Japan, France, Canada, Singapore and China.

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 Repo, Reverse Repo, CRR, SLR, Inflation and Deflation

The governments there review the commodity basket of CPI every 4-5 years
to factor in changes in consumption pattern.
WPI does not properly measure the exact price rise an end-consumer will
experience because, as the same suggests, it is at the wholesale level.

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1) Worlds 1st bank was Bank of Barcilona in Spain
2) Pure world me SBI ek aisa bank h jiski total number of branches sab se jayda h..
3) SBI sb se bada bank h but india me market capital me sab se aange HDFC
h....market capital means (no. Of share * price of 1 share)
4) Bank ka sab se imporatant principle h Secrecy maintain rakhna...
5) Black money means paisa sahi source se aaya ho but us par TAX naa pay kiya
jaye...
Dirty money means paisa galat source means illegal way se kamaya ho aur us par
TAX na diya jaye...
6) Repo rate repurcahse option rate
7) Cheque truncation means cheque usi branch me rahegi bas uski pic scan kar ke
digital way me dusri branch jahan se clear honi h waha bhej di jayegi is se cheque
clear hone me sirf 1 din lagega....aur tym save hoga....ise suru hone me thoda tym
lagega....
8) 10 lakh ke uper sare transactions, suspicios transactions, forged currency ke bare
me bank FIU ko btata h....FIU means Financial Intelligence Unit...
9) Account close karne ke 10 saal bad tak bi bank ko us account ka sara data base
maintain karna padta h....
10) Pledge means jab aap loan lo aur security ke liye koi cheez physcial way me
bank ke pass rakho to us cheez ko Pledge kahte h...jaise GOLD LOAN ke liye
aadmi GOLD ko bank ke pass rakhta h....to isme GOLD pledge hua..
11) Mortgage used for housing loans....means jab aap loan lo kisi Immovable
poperty ke liye aur uske badle me jo security rakho use mortgage kahte h...
12) Hypothecation means jab aap movable poperty ke liye loan lo aur uske badle
me jo secuirty bank ke pass rakho use kahte h Hypothecation....means car loan ke
tym jab car ke papers bank ke pass rakhe jate h to wo hypothecation kahlayenge...
13) Aaj ki date me Nomniee hona jaruri h....individual accunt ke case me agr
nomniee nai bnana chahta h wo to us se written me ek application leni hogi....joint
account me optional h chahe to wo kisi ko nomniee banaye yaa nai....har case me 1
nomniee hi banaya jata h but LOCKER ke case me 2 nomniee bana sakte h...
14) Bank ke kuch important rights h jaise
Rights of general lien means agr kisi ne bank se 2 loan liye h ek gold loan jiske
liye gold bank me jama h aur dusra home loan.....to agr wo gold loan pura pay kar
deta h but home loan ki instalment me kuch prblm aati h to bank uska GOLD apne
pass rakh sakta h....
Right of set off means agr kisi ka bank me Sb accunt h aur ek loan accunt
h...suppose sb accunt me 2 lakh h aur loan uska 4 lakh ka h...aur jise wo pay nai
kar paa rha h to bank ek notice de kar SB accunt se apna paisa recover kar sakta
h....
Right of appropriation means same as set off...agr aadmi ne 2 loan le rakhe h to
bank pahle us loan ki amount ko recover karega jiski instalment kafi tym se ruki
hui h yaa phr jis loan ka amount sab se jayda h...
15) TBD time barred debt means agr koi loan ki instalment 2 mnths se ruki hui h
to bank turant uske against court me case kar sakta h.....but agr bank ko naa pta
chale aur wo case karna bhul jaye aur dheere dheere 3 saal nikal jaye to bank
legally uske against kuch nai kar sakta....to is 3 saal ko TBD kahte h....
16) 2 saal tak accunt me koi operation na ho to use bank inoperative accunt bol kar
band kar sakti h....
17) Micro credit 50,000 se kam ka diya jata h...
18) Minor 18 saal se chota koi bi minor kahlata h aur wo bi accunt khol sakta
h....14 saal tak uske accunt ke amunt ki limit 1 lakh hoti h uske bad un limited....
19) Private ltd co. members limit 2-50, ye share market me listed nai hoti,
minimum paid up capital 1 lakh hoti h, common public se koi lena dena nai...
20) Public ltd co. members 7- unlimited, paid up capital 5 lakh, share market me
listed hona jaruri, isme common public bi interfair karti h...management done by
any personal
21) Govt. Co. 51% se jayda share govt ke pass ho....
22) DICGC deposit insurance and credit gurantee corporation of india....isme har
ek bank member hoti h infact co opreative banks bi...isme har bank har 6 mnth me
insurance premium DICGC ko bhejti h....ye premium kyu diya jata h? Wo isliye
kyuki agr kal koi bank corrupt hoti h to ye DICGC us bank ke har ek accunt holder
ko utna paisa dega jitna uske accunt me tha...agr accunt me 1 lakh se jayda amunt
tha to DICGC sirf 1 lakh tak degi...means max limit is 1 lakh....agr kisi bande ka us
bank me 3-4 accunt the aur sab me alag alag mila kar 4-5 lakh tha to DICGC har
ek accunt ke liye 1 lakh nai balki over all 1 lkh dekhi...isme har ek accunt cover
hota h saving, current, fixed, reccuring all.
23) Mandate means kisi other person ko apna accunt use karne ki authority
dena....ye written me nai hota...
24) POA power of atorny means kisi ko written me authority dena...
25) Currency chest means jab rbi apna paisa kisi bank ko deta h sambhal kar
rakhne ke liye...
1) DD hum maximum 10 lacs tak hi banwa sakte h....us se jayda ki amount ke liye 2 DD
banwane padenge...cash payment par 50,000 se jayda ka DD nai ban sakta...50,000 se jayda ke
liye account hona jaruri h (according to income tax deparment)....DD hum same bank ke liye hi
banwa sakte h...means mera BOB me accunt h to main DD BOB ke kisi dusre accunt ke liye hi
banwaunga....

2) Bank ke reference me Drawer wo hota h jo instrument draw ya issue karta h...Drawee wo

hota h jo payment karta h...Payee wo hota h jise payment ki jati h jo benfit uthata h....to DD ke
case me Drawer aur Drawee dono bank hote h...kyuki bank hi DD draw karta h aur payment bi...

Aur cheque ke case me Drawer hum hote h kyuki hum isue karte h Drawee bank hota h kyuki wo
payment karta h aur Payee samne wala hota h jise payment milti h...

3) Duplicate DD tb banta h jab original wala kho jata h..iske liye bank pahle dusri bank se
contact karta h jahan ke naam par DD bana tha...wo pta karega ki kahi payment hui to nai h...jis
se fraud ka case naa ho...but agr DD 5,000 tak ka ho to bank bina confirm kiye dusra DD issue
kar deta h....

4) DD bi 3 mnths ke liye valid hota h agr 3 mnths se jayda ho jata h to customer use
REVALIDATE karwa sakta h...means wahi DD re issue ho jayega...DD ke back par bank
REVALIDATE likh deta h aur officer sign karta h....kuch charges charge kiya jata h is par...

5) DD ka cancilation bi kiya ja sakta h...iske liye kuch charges lagte h....but ye

REVALIDATE aur CANCILATION bas ek bar hi kara sakte h...

6) MICR code 9 digit ka hota h jisme starting ke 3 digit city code then 3 bank code then 3
branch code ko dikhate h isme bank code RBI decide karta...aur branch code Clearing House ka
President decide krta h...
IFSC code ye 11 digit ka hota h....isme starting ke 4 digits Bank code ko dikhate h...aur uske bad
EK Control Character aata h (aaj kal zero ko as a Control Chatracter use karte h) then uske bad 6
digits Branch code ko dikhata h....

MICR ka use clearing purpose se hota h jaise Cheque etc....aur IFSC ka use electronic fund
transfer me....jaise NEFT,RTGS etc...

7) Forex reserve is bacially required for the IMPORT....jitna jayda forex hoga import utna hi
jayda hoga....china ka forex sabse jayda h....

8) NOSTRO ACCOUNT means indian bank ka accunt foreign bank ke sath...means agr A
ko jiska banglore BOB me accunt h use 100 $ bhejne h B ko jiska london me city bank me
accunt h.....to A BOB ke pass jayega aur 100$ ke equal Rs bank ko de kar $ buy karega aur phr
BOB ka london ki city bank ke sath nostro account hoga to wo wahan paise bhej dega...

9) VOSTRO ACCOUNT means foreign bank ka indian bank ke sath account hota
h....means kisi NRI B ko jiska city bank me accunt h use india me banglore me A ko jiska BOB
me accunt h use 100 $ bhejna h....to city bank ka BOB ke sath vostro account hoga to usi ke
through paisa yahan aayega....

10) Bank gurantee suppose defence department ko DLF se kuch 50 cr ke flats banwane h....to
wo DLF ko bolega ki apne bank suppose BOB se ek 50 cr ka bank gurantee banwa kar laoe tbi
tumhe contarct denge....bank gurantee dikhate hi defence sector ko 10% means 5 cr DLF ko dena
padeg jis se wo apn kam suru kar sake...iska fayda ye h ki agr defence sector kabi bi ye pata
chalta h ki kam sahi se nai ho rha ya DLF paise le kar bagh gayi to defence sector wo bank
gurantee BOB me le ja kar represnt karega aur 50cr ki demand karega....aur bank ko turant 50cr
dene padenge....isme bank kuch bi nai kar sakta....agr bank tym lagata h to defence sector RBI ke
pass ja sakta h aur rbi turant us bank ko black listed kar dega...ab agr aisa h to bank aisa rishk le
hi kyu? .....kyuki isme bank gurantee bank sirf unhe dega jo uske bahut ache customer
hoge....isme koi kash kam nai karna padta....bahut jayda commission milta h....

11) Letter of credit wipro jiska BOB ke sath account h ab iski company B ke sath deal hoti h
jiska city bank ke sath account h....ab wipro ko kuch 100 cr ke laptop B ko export karne h....to
wipro B se ek Letter of credit ki demand karega jo B city bank se Wipro ke naam par banwa kar
dega...usme deal se related sari onfo rahegi....ab agr in future B paisa nai de pata h to wipro wo
Letter of credit BOB ko dega BOB city bank ko dega phr city bank us amount ki payment
karega....

12) Bridge loan jab koi bahut bada business man bahut bada amount ka loan lene bank aata h
suppose 50 cr. Ab bank me uska loan ka kaam process me h aur isi beech us aadmi ko machine
buy karne ke liye kuch 5 cr. Ki jarurat pad jati h to wo bank se request karega ki bank use 5 cr de
de aur baki paisa process ho jane ke bad...isme bahut rishk hota isliye bank soch samjh kar hi
aise decision lega....to isme pahle 5 cr. Diye bank ne phr bad me 45 cr aur diye to isiliye isme
bridging of loan hota h...

13) Syndicate loan suppose A 1000 cr ka loan chahta h aur wo apne bank BOB ke pass gya.
Ab suppose BOB use sirf 300 cr tak hi loan de sakta h to BOB ka kam ye h ki wo ab dusre banks
dhundega aur unhe convince karega ki wo bi A ko loan de is kam ke liye BOB ko commission
milega....aur baki others bank ko ek badiya customer...to is tarah ek bade loan ko kayi log mil kar
dete h....ise hi syndicate loan kahte h.....

14) Whole sale banking means bank do busniess with business entity like corporate, trading,
multinational co. This banking also called as corporate banking or commertial banking. Isme
customer high profile hote h aur profit bi bahut jayda hota h bank is type ke business par jayda
dhyan deti h....BOB ki sirf 11 aisi branches ne mil kar 78,000 cr ka business kiya jisme profit
1525 cr tha jo uske total profit ka almost 50% tha...thats why bank give preference to them....

15) Priorty sector me agriculture, retail trades, MSME, housing loan, educational loan, SRTO
aata h...isme educational loan 2 tarah ke hote h ek Domestic education jime maximum 10 lacs ka
loan le sakte h aur 4 lacs tak ke loan ke liye koi gurantee required nai hoti...dusra hota h abroad
loan isme max 20 lacs tak loan milta h....is ke under housing loan ki maximum limit 25 lacs
h....agr is se jayda ka housing loan diya jata h to wo priorty sector ke under nai aayega....
16) Personal loan kuch special customer ko bina kisi secutiry ke diya jata h....Aaj ki date me
Personal loan ka jayda use nai h....na hi banks persoanl loan dena chahte h...isme rishk jayda
h...aur waise bi aaj ki date me har tarah ke loan market me avilable h to personal loan ki
importance kam ho gayi h...

17) Mortage loan wo hote h jisme house or land ko as a security rakh kar loan liya jata h...

18) Reverse mortage loan means aise senior citizen jinki dekh rekh karne wala koi nai h to bank
unki property ki value calculate kar ke unhe monthly installment deti h....aur unki death ke bad
wo property bank ki ho jati h...

19) Cash credit isme day to day requirment ke liye paisa milta h....suppose kisi ne apne chote
se business ke liye 3 lakh ka credit loan diya to uske accunt me 3 lakh aa jayenge ab wo 3 lakh
apni jarurat ke according use karega jaise kisi din 50,000 nikale to kabi 80,000.....isme interest 3
lakh par naa lag kar jitna paisa jis hisab se nikalega us par laega...

20) Demand deposit means CASA sabse jayda HDFC bank ka h...infact SBI se bi jayda h...

21) Clearing of cheque iske liye pahle kuch points samjh le... 1) aap ke pass jab kisi aur bank
ki cheque aati h....means aap ko us se payment leni hoti h...to aap us cheque ke back par apna
accunt no. Likh kar wo cheque bank ke pass le jaa kar submit kar dete h...to bank ke liye ye
cheque OUTWARD CLEARING CHEQUE hoti h.. kyuki bank ke liye to cheque income ka kam
kar rha h...dusre bank se paisa receive karega isliye....2) ek city me paticular ek bank jaise BOB
ka ek Service branch hota h....

Ab samjhe....aap ke pass cheque aayi aapne wo cheque bank ke DROP BOX me dal di...sham ko
bank ne aisi sari cheques collect ki aur SERVICE BRANCH par bhej di...service branch ke 2
kam h....1) wo aap ke accunt me us amount ka shadow image dikhayega jitna aap ko milne wala
h...2) wo cheque ki encoding karega....ab encoding means...service branch kya karta h ki apni
ENCODER machine se cheque ke bottom par jahan par cheque no. Aur IFSC code likha hota h
usi line me wo amount encode kar deta h jitna cheque ke through milne wala h....ab in 2 kam ke
bad service branch se ek banda ye sare cheque collect kar ke clearing house jata h....clearing
house ka head RBI un cities me h jahan par RBI ke offices h...jahan par nai h wahan par wahan
ki leading bank head ban jati h...aur har bank ko wahan ke head ke sath ek current accunt
maintain karna padta h...clearing house ke 2 main kam h 1) settlement sheat maintain karna...2)
cheque ki sorting karna...ab jab sare banks apne outward cheques wahan submit karte h..let take
1 example...suppose BOB wahan apne sare cheque submit karega jisme use payment different
banks se milegi...ab READER SHORTER machine ki help se ye sare submit kiye hue cheques
sort kiye jayenge aur paticular har ek bank ka cheque alag rakh diya jayega...aur un banko ko de
diye jayenge...jaise SBI,PNB etc ....ab BOB ko wo sare cheques milenge jo dusre bank wale laye
the aur jinki use payment karni h....ab ye cheques BOB ke liye INWARD CLEARING CHEQUE
hue kyuki unhe iski payment karni h....to suppose pahle BOB ko outward cheque ke through 10
lakh milne the but ab inward cheque ke through use 8 lakh pay karne h...to net hua ki 2 lakh
milne h...to sttlement sheat par ye likh diya jayega ki BOB ko 2 lakh mile....to ab BOB ko uske
current accunt me HEAD bank 2 lakh de dega....ab BOB ko jinse paise lene the..suppose SBI se
2 lkh lene the to wo cheque ab SBI apne service branch me le kar jayega...aur us bande ka accunt
open kar ke usme se balance deduct kar dega....aur wo shadow image pure image me chnge ho
jayega...is pure process me 3 din lagte h....ab dikat h ye ki last step me...jab deduct karne ki bari
aati h aur tb pta chale ki accunt me utna pasia hi nai h means cheque bounse....aur tb cheque
wapas clearing house hote hue BOB ke pass jayega aur BOB use customer ko wapas kar
dega...cheque bounce hone par court case kiya ja sakta h....ab isi me samjh le ki cheque
truncation ka kya kam h...service branch se cheque le kar jana aur cheque lana ye sab kam ek
aadmi ko karna padta tha aur tym bi lagta h ab service branch se yahi kam scan image bhej kar
kar diya jata h....to ab 1-2 din me cheque clear ho jati h....
1) ECS --- electronic clearing services....RBi ne ek aisa method diya h jiske through fund
transfer bahut jaldi, bahut kam cost me, bahut kam paper wrk ke through kiya ja sakega...iske
kaafi fayde h....bank jane ki jarurat nai...time save hota h...paper wrok nai hota...bank ko kafi
commission kam time me mil jata h...

2) Jab account me paisa aata h to use CREDIT hona bolte h...aur jab accunt se paisa nikalta h
to use DEBIT bolte h...

3) ECS Credit --- means Many Credit and One Debit ......example jaise Reliance ko apne
profit me se kuch paisa as a Dividend apne share holders ko dena h to Reliance apne bank ke
pass ja kar apne sare share holders ke account no. De degi aur bank reliance ke accunt se amount
nikal kar (means amount debit kar ke) share holders ke account me daal degi (means amount
credit) yahan ek reliance ka accunt debi ho rha h aur kayi sare customer ka credit ho rha h...

4) ECS Debit means Many Debit and One Credit....example jaise aaj kal log bank ke
through apne bills bi submit karte h...to suppose sab ko BSNL ka bill submit karna h to ab jaise
BOB ke pass aise kayi sare customer bill le kar aayenge ki submit karna h to BOB un sab
customer ke accunt se pasia nikal kar (debit) BSNL ke accunt me dal dega (credit)....

5) Cross selling bank kya karti h ki wo apne system me check karti rahti h un customers ki
profile jinke accunt me ek bahut acha balance h aur jo unke trust worthy customer h phr bank
unhe personally approach karti h aur unhe bank ke kuch naye ya purane products ke bare me
batati h jo unki profile ko suit kare aur wo lena chahe....ise kahte h cross selling means apne
existing customer ko kuch naya product sell karna...

6) Banking OMBUDSMAN Scheme--- ye scheme 1996 me INDIA me aayi thi...ise Suidan

se copy kiya gya h....ise Banking Lokpal bi kahte h....ye is liye banaya gya h ki agr koi customer
bank ki survice se kush nai h to wo yahan par aa sakta h aur apni prblm ka solution pa sakta
h...iska ek procedure h means use pahle apne Bank ko ek application likhni padti h jo bi uski
prblm h ab agr 15 din ke ander bank koi bi action nai leta h to wo Ombudsman ke pass ja sakta h
aur Ombudsman ka head RBI ka Deputy Governor hota h...

7) CRR RBI act ke according banks ko maintain karna padta h....

8) SLR Banking Regulation act ke according maintain karna padta h

9) Bank Rate aur Repo rate me jo short term loan ka funda h usme short loan sirf 14 days ke
liye mana jata h...above than that it will count as long term loan...

10) Cash retention Limit har bank ki nrmal ek limit hoti h ki wo apne bank me locker me
maximum kitna paisa maintain kar ke rakhegi....ye depend karta h us bank ke daily transaction
aur deposit par ki kitna paisa aa rha h aur kitna jaa rha h ....us basis par ek limit fix ki jati h...limit
se kam paisa hone par Currency Chest se manga lete h aur jayda hone par Cureency Chest me
bhej dete h....
11) Currency Chest Branch har area me ek aisi branch hoti h jahan bahut bada vault room
bana hota h aur usme RBI ka paisa rakha hota h....ye paisa aas pass us branch ko diya jata h jise
urgently paise ki jarurat pad jati h...kyuki har bank ke pass ek limited amount me hi paisa hota
h...ab agr aas pass ki kisi amount me deposit jayda ho gya to wo apna excess amount yahan jama
kara sakti h....

12) Soiled notes dirty notes but having all the features....customer aisi koi bi note kisi bi bank
par ja kar chnge kar sakta h...bank ko karna padega....

13) Mutilated notes 1ST Partial mutilated means slightly tare.....har bank chnge kar
sakti h aise notes...aur banks aise notes ko Currency Chest Branch ko bhej sakti h....

2nd Fully Mutilate Branch means certain cuts, many features are missing, note is in 2
parts...this type of notes are only replaced at Currency Chest Branch only...isme bank pura paisa
naa de kar utna paisa deti h jitni ki value wo note deserve karti h jaise agr koi note 2 part me h to
uska 50% hi milta h bas...

14) MICR code 9 digit ka hota h jisme starting ke 3 digit city code then 3 bank code then 3
branch code ko dikhate h isme bank code RBI decide karta...aur branch code Clearing House ka
President decide krta h...
IFSC code ye 11 digit ka hota h....isme starting ke 4 digits Bank code ko dikhate h...aur uske bad
EK Control Character aata h (aaj kal zero ko as a Control Chatracter use karte h) then uske bad 6
digits Branch code ko dikhata h....

MICR ka use clearing purpose se hota h jaise Cheque etc....aur IFSC ka use electronic fund
transfer me....jaise NEFT,RTGS etc...

15) Drawer jo instrument issue karta h....Drawee jo paise ki payment karta h....Payee jise wo
payment pay ki jati h....ex jaise cheque hum issue karte h to hum Drawer ...bank payment karta h
to bank Drawee aur kisi X person ko payment milti h to wo Payee hoga...

16) Promissory Note isme ek promise kiya jata h aur jo promise karta h wo sign karta h...agr
A 1000 rs B ko deta h to yahan par B promissory note banayega aur sign karega to yahan B
Drawer h....aur ek certain time jo us note par maintain hoga ke bad A ko payment ki jayegi...to A
Payee hua...

17) Creditor jisne loan diya hota h...

Debtor jisne loan liya hota h....

18) Bills of Exchange dis also contains the promise of debtor....jisne paisa liya hota h....ye ek
Order hota h jo Creditor banwata h Debtor ke naam par....isme creditor Drawer hota h aur
payment Debtor dega to wo Drawee hota h....ab suppose A ne B ko 1000 ka loan diya to A bill of
exchange banwayega B ke naam par aur B ko bolega ki 1000 rs XYZ tume bad person C ko de
de to yahan C Payee hoga...jab A BOE B ke pass bhejga to B ko use sign karna padega aur C ko
btana padega ki wo kab paise dega use....agr isme time ke bad paisa C ko nai milta to wo A,B
dono ke against case file kar sakta h...

19) RRB bi ab Scheduled banks ke under aate h aur unhe RBI govern karta h.....aur unhe bi
SLR, CRR maintain karna padta h...

20) Saving bank accunt me bi overdraft ki facility provide ki jati h...ye basically Pension aur
Salary saving accunt me provide ki jati h....suppose 28 ko kisi ko cheque ke through accunt se
2000 rs transaction karne h aur uske accunt me 1700 rs hi h to bank baki ke 300 provide kara
sakti h...kyuki as 1 ko phr se salary ya pension update ho jayegi to usme se 300 deduct ho
jayenge isme bank 300 par intrest charge karegi isliye aise accunt me intrest diya jane ke sath
sath liya bi jata h....
National Income----

CSO has the authority to calculate National Income.it is calculated in 4 steps

1)- GDP- gross domestic product.ek financial year me kisi bi country ki geographical boundary ke ander
jo bi final goods aur services tayar ki jati h jo finally market me bechne (sell)ke liye tayar h unki total
value GDP kahlati h.matlb india me jo bi production hoga chahe wo desi company ho ya videshi wo aap
ka GDP me calculate hogayaad rakhe sirf india me jo production hua h bas woex- agr sbi ki koi
foreign ki branch profit kamati h to wo GDP me count nai hoga.lekin agr koi foreign company jaise
AUDI ka india me jitna bi business hota h wo GDP me aayega

GDP me basically 3 sector aate h

Primary sector- ise nature base sector bi kahte h kyuki isme wo sab cheese aati h jo hum direct nature
se lete h aur unhe bech kar profit kamate hjaise agriculture, fishing, forestry, minning etciska total
GDP me 14% contribution hota h

Secondary sector- ise manufacturing sector bi kahte h matlb nature se dudh (milk) mila uska panner
banaya to ye paneer secondry sector me aa gya. iska total GDP me 28% contribution hota h

Tertiary sector- ise service sector bi kahte hisme har tarah ki services aa jati h jaise banking,
insurance, railway, hospitality etc iska total GDP me 58% contribution hota h

2)- GNP- gross national product.matlab india ki jitni bi company h chahe wo india me ho ya kahi bahar
unka total production GNP kahlata hex- isme kahi foreign me sbi ka jo profit h wo count hoga aur india
me koi foreign company jaise AUDI h to uska minus ho jayega

Formula-------> GNP = GDP + or net income from abroad.ise dhyan se samjhe

Net income from abroad means net Indian foreign value net foreign country in indiaaise na samjh me
aaye to is tarah samjhe ki bhai GDP me humara kya kya included hindia me hua desi production +
videshi production.ab agr isme se videshi production ko minus kar de aur bache hue me india ka
production jo videsh me hua add kar de to GNP aa jayega

3)- NNP at market price-..also knwn as net nation product

Formula-------> NNP at market price = GNP depreciation

Depreciation means aap koi bi saman agr market se lete ho day by day uski value decrease hoti jati h.

4)- NNP at factor cost..also knwn as National income

Formula-------> NNP at factor cost = NNP at market price (Indian taxes+ subsidy)

Now u can also calculate per capita income = national income / total population

Methods of calculating national income----

1)- income & expenditure method (developed countries)

2)- production method
3)- production & income & expenditure method (in india this method is used)
Negotiable Instruments----

Negotiable instrument is basicaly wo papers ya bond jinhe aap negotiable instrument act 1881 ke under
in future use kar sakte h...means tumne kisi ko loan diya aur wo repay na kare den u can use it...

Promissory note: if u take a loan then u have to make a document in which u say that u will repay that
amount in a given time of period...in general u make a promise to urself for paying that loan...ex: our
currncy nte "i promise to pay the bearer the sum of....." ab agr aap chahte ho ki aap ki jagah aap ka
paisa koi aur collect kar le to bas simple h us promissory note ko kisi 3rd person ke naam par transfer kar
do....

Bill of exchange: if u have given a loan of 100 rs to A....but after sometime u needed money and u also
take a loan of 100 rs frm B den u have a power to mak a document in which u direct A to pay 100 rs
directly to B....

Cheque: ye negotiable instrument ka bahut common use h...isme hum bank ko direct karte h ki itne itne
rs is person ko pay kare....cheque me MICR use hota h...cheque no. 15 digits ka hota h jisme starting ke
6 digits cheque no hote h, then baki ke 9 digits IFSC code hota h...jisme starting ke 3 digit city ka code
then 3 bank ka code then 3 branch ka code represent karta h...DD aur cheque me bank ko DD me fayda
hota h kyuki DD banane me bank ko commision milta h....types of cheque--

OPEN cheque: nrmal cheque jo hum daily use karte h...bank ke counter me payment milti h...agr hum
bank ja kar paise nai le sakte to simple cheque ke peeche ek sign kar ke kisi aur ko de de...bank use
payment kar dega...

Crossed cheque: iski payment counter par na ho kar direct accunt me hoti h...is cheque ko aap kisi ko
bi de sakte h...agr cheque kho bi gaya to bi koi dikat nai...

Order cheque: isme aap bank ko order dete h ki is person ko itna amount pay kiya jaye...isme us
person ka name likha hota jisko payment karni h....

Bearer cheque: ye wo cheque h jise koi bi person counter me present karta h to use payment ho jati
h....

NOTE- open cheque and bearer cheque r almost same...open check koi bi apne naam se issue karta
h....jiske bi naam issue ho uska ek sign already check par hota h...phr bank wale apne samne ek sign
karwate h den pisa dete h....agr open cheque accunt holder ke bealf par koi aur represent kar raha h to
us ke sign karwaye jate h den paise milta h....bearer cheque me cheque jiske hath me h use as bina kuch
dekhe paise de diye jate h...bearer cheue ab nai chalte...kyu ki isme agr kisi ka cheque kisi ko pada mil
jata tha to wo badi aasani se paisa cash karwa sakta tha....so ab issue nai hote...

Hundis- hundi ek tarah ka Bill of Exchange h...jo local language me likha hota h....villages me aaj bi ye
use hote h....isme bi loan lene wala person promise kartah ki wo paticular time par loan wapas kar
dega...ex; Shah Jog Hundi etc....
BANK DEPOSIT----

Demand depositmatlb jarurat padne par aap jis ki demand kar sake wahi aap ka demand depositiske
2 type hote ha) current accunt, b) saving accuntin short form we say CASA CA mean current and SA
means saving.current accunt me koi interest nai milta balki har sal kuch extra charges bank ko pay
karne padte hcurrent me nikalne aur jama karne ki koi limit nai hoti current basically businessman logo
ke liye hota hsaving me interest milta h jis din paisa jama kiya us din ka nai milta han jis din nikalta h
us din ka interest milta his me paisa nikalne ki limits hoti h.

Term deposit---- matlb jo bank ke terms aur condition par rakha jata hise bar bar nikal nai sakteisme
ek particular tym hota h usi ke bad paise nikale jate hagr pahle nikalte h to kuch penalty lag jati hiske
2 types h a) fixed deposit, b) recurring depositin short form RAFA.RA means recurring and FA means
fixedfixed deposit me bas ek bar ek particular amount ek particular tym ke liye jama kar di jati
hrecuuring deposit me ek particular amunt har month jama ki jati h.yaad rakhe ki aap jarurat padne
par paisa pahle nikal sakte h but us par penalty lag jati hagr 100 nikalte h to 90 ke aas pass hi milega

Interest on term deposit > demand deposit

Mode of fund transfer----IFSC code is used 4 money transfer.isme 11 digits hoti h.

RTGS
1) Based on gross settlement.
2) Min-- 2 lakh se max--- no limit
3) Came in march 2004
4) Fast in wrkingtake 2 hr
5) Direct sender se receiver ke pass money pahuchta h.
6) Inward no chargesmatlb sender aur receiver dono ka accunt SBI me h aur wo SBI ke RTGS ke
through transfer karte h to no extra amunt will be charged
7) U must have an bank accunt

NEFT
1) Based on net settlement
2) Min and max --- no limit
3) Came in 2005
4) Slow in processtakes 1-2 days
5) Batch wise transfer.
6) Improved version is EFT
7) We can receive fund from NRE through this NEFT.but we can only transfer fund to NEPAL and limit is
50,000/ day
8) No need of having bank aacunt.

NOTE--- 2 lakh se upper fund transfer ke liye humare pass dono option h NEFT bi aur RTGS bi.to hum
kaun sa choose karenge..

Ans is RTGS kyuki 2 lakh ke upar transfer par RTGS me transaction charges NEFT ke comparison me
kam padte h.

Bhaiya ab na bhulna aur na hi confuse honabadi mehnat se samjhaya h

General Anti Avoidance Rule ------

Vodafone company ki wajah se 1 april 2013 ko GAAR effective hogajaise humare bank me ab KYC norms aa
gaye h jis se black money ke use ko roka ja sakebut is tarah humare share market me abi bi aisa koi norms nai
aaye the..jis se foreign se log apna black money humare share market me laga rahe theaur humare pass koi aisi
authority nai thi jis se hum unse enquiry kar sake ki us money ka source kya h?

To aise me government ne ye GAAR banayajo INCOME TAX department ke under hogawahi FII aur FDI ke
through jitna paisa aa raha h sab ki enquiry karega.kuch log bina tax diye apne transactions kar lete theto is par
INCOME TAX apni nazar bana kar rakhega.

but as usual INDIA me koi acha kam hona hota h to usme danda pahle hota h....business man logo ne iska virodh
kiya h kyuki wo jante h ki FDI & FII me mostly black money hi india aata h to aise me foreigners investment karna
band kar denge to stock market down jayega....to ab dekhte h ki kya hota h....
GST - goods and services tax ye wo tax h jo mostly ab har types ke goods aur services par lagta h...ye sare indirect
taxes ko cover karega....means ab sare indirect tax ko replace kar ke bas ek tax lagega wo h GST....ye 2 tarah ka hota
h ek Central GST(CGST) aur State GST (SGST).....CGST me central excise duty, additional excise duty, custom
duty, service tax aayenge aur SGST me VAT, sales tax, entertainment tax, luxury tax, tax on lottery & betting
aayenge.... alcohol, petrol ko GST se bahar rakha gya h....Goods par 20%, services par 16%, essential products par
12% GST h....introduced in 1 april 2010...

VAT is only value added tax a type of consumption tax....in india introduced in 1 april 2005...
RTGS RTGS ko samjhne se pahle kuch terms samjh le....

CBS core banking systems jo bank ke pass hota h...isi ki help se RTSG ka procedure
successfully kiya jata h....

PI participant interface.....is PI ki help se bank ka CBS RBI ke IFTP se connect ho pata h...

IFTP inter bank funds transfer processor.....ye RBI ka processor h jo har bank ke CBS se
intract karta h...

RTGS real time gross settlement.....ye RBI ka ek system h jahan har bank ka RBI ke sath ek
current account hota h...aur yahi par finally transaction pura kiya jata h....means jise paise bhejne
the uske accunt me paise chale jate h....

Ab suppose A ko jiska BOB me accunt h use B ko jiska SBI me accunt h use paise bhejne h
through RTGS....to A BOB me ja kar ek form fill karega....jisme wo B ka nam, uski bank ka
nam, uski branch ka naam, uska accunt no, Uski branch ka IFSC code ye sab fill karega....iske
alawa A apna address aur sign karega....iske bad BOB uska form check kar ke uske accunt se
utna amunt deduct kar k ek message generate karta h aur wo msg apne bank ke PI ko bhej deta
h...phr PI us msg ko RBI ke IFTP ko bhej deta h....ab IFTP amount, A or B ke account no. RTGS
system ko bhej deta h...ab RTGS aise aaye hue sare msg ko prefrence wise arrange karta h...ab
RTGS transaction ka status ka msg IFTP ko bhej deta h aur wo msg wahan se SBI ke PI ko bheja
jata h aur wahan se msg SBI bank ke CBS ko bheja jata h...aur wahan par B ke amount me paisa
daal diya jata h....

Ab is process me amount transfer sirf account no. Ko dekh kar kiya jata....name match nai karaya
jata...to agr galat accunt no. Diya to wo amount us galat account me chala jayega aur use recover
nai kiya ja sakta....ab suppose jo galat accunt no. Dala h waisa koi accunt SBI ki us branch me h
hi nai to SBI ka CBS aise amount ko Suspense Account me investigation ke liye dal deta h...agr
din bhar me sahi account nai milta jisme paise bhejne h to SBI wo paisa BOB ko usi din closing
se pahle send kar dega....agr wo next day send karta h to SBI ko kuch charges bi dene padenge...
RBI ko aise bahut sare RTGS ke msg tarah tarah ki banks se aate h to aise me koi prblm naa ho
to bank un msg ko RBI ke pass bhejne se pahle unhe ek priority de deta h jiske according hi wo
msg RBI ke RTGS system me aange forward hote h....ye priority 4 items me devide ki jati h...

1- Repayment of call borrowing

2- Payment for forex of securities
3- High amount payment
4- Low amount payment

Ab jab ye msg RBI ke pass jate h to RBI ke yahan ye msg FIFO means first in first out ke basis
par forward hote h...jo pahle aaya wo pahle....to isme pahle 1 items sare processed hote h then 2
item....then 3..then 4....

Yahan par har bank ko RBI ke sath current accunt me ek limited amount maintain kar ke rakhna
padta h....agr amount limit se kam ho jata h to RTGS system use detect kar leta h aur apne aap
automatically us accunt me govt securities ke against utna amunt transfer kar deta h jitna kam
h...iske liye us particular bank ko RBI ko intrest pay karna padta h...

Jaise hi BOB sari information ko feed kar ke aange forward kar deta h uske bad A chahe tb bi
use chnge ya modify nai karwa sakta...han stop jarur karwa sakta...but ek bar msg RBI ke pass
pahuch gaye uske bad to use stop bi nai karwa sakte bas usi priority chnge karwa sakte h...

2 lakh se 5 lkh tak 25 rs charge uske above 50 rs ka charge lagta h....agr dono bank ek hi h to
free of cost transaction hoga...

Agr 2 hr me transaction succeful nai ho pata to A ko 2 hr ke andr paisa refund karna padega...

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NEFT- in NEFT u have to fill a form in which u have to give every information....like kise paise
bhejne h uska naam...uski branch kahan h kaun si bank h....uske branch ka IFSC code kya
h....kitna amunt bhejna h...apna naam aur adress...aur aap ka signature..bank me NEFT ke liye
Batches bane hote h jinke according transaction hota h....total ek din ke working hour me 12
batches hote h shubh 8 se sham 7 tak aur Saturday ko 6 hote h shubh 8 se dophar 1 tak.....ab agr
koi 9:30 par aata h to uska transaction 9-10 ke batch me daal diya jayega aur proceed hoga...ek
batch me total 200 transaction dale ja sakte h us se jayda hone par use next batch me forward
kar dete h...RBI daily 6 settlement me ye sare transaction solve karta h aur Saturday ko 3
me.....ab bank wo sb info jo form me bhari thi use check kar ke apni SERVICE BRANCH bhej
deta h...wahan par ek SFMS create kiya jata h means "structured financial messaging
system"....ye isliye create karte h kyu koi other us msg ko encode na kar paye ....iske bad ye msg
RBI Mumbai ko send kiya jata h....RBI ke pass daily aise bahut sare msg aate h to wo unhe
BANK wise sort kar deta h....aur BANK wise hi transaction karna suru karta h....RBI ke pass har
bank ka current accunt hota h...ab suppose mera accunt BOB me h aur mujhe jise bhejne h uska
SBI me h ....to RBI BOB ke current accunt se utna amount deduct kar ke SBI ke current acunt
me dal dega...phr SBI wo paisa apne accunt se nikal kar us person ke accunt me dal dega jise
mujhe bhejna tha....ise pura hone me 1-2 din lag jate h...

NEFT ke liiye accunt hona jaruri nai h....simple form bhar kar ke kiya ja sakta h lekin accunt naa
hone par hum sirf 49,999 tak ka hi transfer kar sakte h as per INCOME TAX department....us se
above ke liye bank accunt hona chayie aur usi ke through karna chayie...

Agr 2 hr me transaction succeful nai hua to SBI ko BOB ko paise refund karne padenge...ab agr
aisa kuch nai hota h naa samne wale ko paisse mile na paisa refund hua aise me customer us
bank ki NEFT CFC (Customer Facilitation Centre) se contact kar sakta h...agr wahan na ho paye
to NEFT Help Desk se contact kar sakta h jo RBI ke under hota h....

Transaction puri hone par dono person ko msg mil jata h....isme hum apne transaction ko track bi
kar sakte h....

NEPAL hi ek aisa country h jahan hum paise NEFT ke through bhej sakte h bud ere is limit of
50,000/day.
Ek hi branch ka transaction hone par no charges applied....for other bank it should be acoording
to this ---
- For transactions up to Rs 10,000 : not exceeding Rs 2.50 (+ Service Tax)
- For transactions above Rs 10,000 up to Rs 1 lakh: not exceeding Rs 5 (+ Service Tax)
- For transactions above Rs 1 lakh and up to Rs 2 lakhs: not exceeding Rs 15 (+ Service Tax)
- For transactions above Rs 2 lakhs: not exceeding Rs 25 (+ Service Tax)
something usefull...

1) RBI ki guidelines ke according hum apna ATM kisi bi bank ke ATM me 5 bar free me use kar sakte h koi bi
charge nai katega...but ye sirf humare liye h...means bank ko us 5 ke liye bi 20rs/ transaction dena padta h...means
agr aap ke pass SBI ka ATM h aur aap BOB ke ATM me use karte ho to SBI bank BOB ko aap ke transaction ke
liye 20 rs dega jo ki faltu me ja rahe h......aise lakho rs faltu me waste hote h..to guys aap bi indirectly financial help
kar sakte ho....bas apna ATM apni hi bank me ke ATM me use kar ke...

2) guys aaj ki date me ATM, credit/debit card, internet banking, mobile banking jaisi facility h lekin tb bi log aaj bi
cheque books ka khub sara use kar rahe h..ek cheque ko clear karne me bank ko 77 rs invest karne padte h wahi
mobile banking me 2 rs aur internet me 11 rs ka hi extra invest hota h.....to aise me cheque use karna bewkoofi
h....aur waise bi baki sab se transaction bahut fast ho jata h....aur agr banking system se sari cheque khatam kar di
jaye to GDP apne aap 1% increase ho jayegi ....to aise me aap cheque ka use na kar ke GDP ko help kar sakte
ho.england ne bi 2016 tak ki deadline di h uske badd no more cheque dere...

3) agr kabi interviewer aapse puche ki bank ka koi NPA h aur use recover karne ke liye wo aap ko us XYZ aadmi ke
pass bhejte h to aap us se kya kahenge, kaise deal karenge...to aap ka ans hona chayie ki aise me aap us XYZ ke pass
jayenge aur us se uski PRBLM ke bare me puchenge...us se kahenge ki sir aap bank ke regular aur sab se ache
custmer h tbi bank ne aap ko loan diya h kyuki aise hi kisi ko loan nai milta...to sir aap ko kya prblm ho rahi h jis se
aap loan nai pay kar pa rahe h...aap prblm batayi bank us prblm ko solve karne me aap ki help karegi jis se aap loan
repay kar paye....ye ans h jo interviewer ko impress kar dega...
Basel norms ne banks ke jo risk weighted assets the unke against kuch reserves rakhne ka
procedure banaya uske liye usne bank ki capital ko 2 part me devide kiya.....tier 1 and tier 2
capital...

Tier 1 capital permanent capital ya core capital hoti h....ye wo capital h jo bank ke pass cash
ke form hoti h....jo uski khud ki hoti h....isme aap ka ye sab aata h...

1) Common shares issued by banks....

2) Share surplus
3) Earnings
4) other comprehensive income and other disclosed reserves

Tier 2 capital supplementary capital hoti h.....jab kisi company ko koi profit hota h to wo
dividend ke form me kuch pasia apne shares holder ko distribute kar deti h to ise Tier 1 capital
kahte h aur kuch profit wo future ke liye save kar ke rakh lete h ise Tier 2 capital kahte h...means
ye jo profit bacha kar bank apne pass rakhta h ye kisi ko pta nai hota..thats why it is called
UNDISCLOSED RESERVES.....iske under ye sab aata h....

1) Undisclosed reserves

2) Revaluation reserves suppose banks ki land, buildings jo 40-50 saal pahle 100 rs me kharidi
gayi aur aaj uski value 250 rs h to is tarah ka jo price increase h wahi revaluation reserves
kahlata h....

3) General provision means future me koi loss hoga uske liye abi se provision bana lena....