1394 10 8 201512291346443951325918394
1394 10 8 201512291346443951325918394
1394 10 8 201512291346443951325918394
1- 1
2- 1
3- 1
- 2
M-file 2-2
3-2
4-2
5- 2
- 3 )( Boundary value problems
- 4
- 5
1-5
2- 5
3
- 1
- 1- 1
)( dsolve .
. t
>>eqn1 = Dy = y*x
= eqn1
Dy = y*x
)>>y = dsolve(eqn1,x
)y = C1*exp(1/2*x2
eqn1 .
4
y(1)=1
:
)>>y = dsolve(eqn1,y(1)=1,x
=y
)1/exp(1/2)*exp(1/2*x2
;>>inits = y(1)=1
)>>y = dsolve(eqn1,inits,x
=y
)1/exp(1/2)*exp(1/2*x2
) (1.1 .
. -
) (2 ) y(x .
) y(x
)( vectorize . )( eval .
. ) y(x
;)>>x = linspace(0,1,20
;))>>z = eval(vectorize(y
)>>plot(x,z
: )( eval )( vectorize
. .
- 2- 1
5
:
- 3- 1
)>>[x,y,z]=dsolve(Dx=x+2*y-z,Dy=x+z,Dz=4*x-4*y+5*z
=x
2*C1*exp(2*t)-2*C1*exp(t)-C2*exp(3*t)+2*C2*exp(2*t)-
)1/2*C3*exp(3*t)+1/2*C3*exp(t
=y
6
2*C1*exp(t)-C1*exp(2*t)+C2*exp(3*t)-C2*exp(2*t)+1/2*C3*exp(3*t)-
)1/2*C3*exp(t
=z
-4*C1*exp(2*t)+4*C1*exp(t)+4*C2*exp(3*t)-4*C2*exp(2*t)-
)C3*exp(t)+2*C3*exp(3*t
t .
;>>inits=x(0)=1,y(0)=2,z(0)=3
)>>[x,y,z]=dsolve(Dx=x+2*y-z,Dy=x+z,Dz=4*x-4*y+5*z,inits
=x
)6*exp(2*t)-5/2*exp(t)-5/2*exp(3*t
=y
)5/2*exp(t)-3*exp(2*t)+5/2*exp(3*t
=z
)-12*exp(2*t)+5*exp(t)+10*exp(3*t
-
;)>>t=linspace(0,.5,25
;))>>xx=eval(vectorize(x
;))>>yy=eval(vectorize(y
;))>>zz=eval(vectorize(z
)>>plot(t, xx, t, yy, t, zz
1-1
7
- 2
.
ode23 ode45 -
- - .
- 1- 2 Inline
. 1-2
y ) .
(. x y
)>>plot(x,y
2.1 .
: x ode45
] [0,5 y
8
y(0.5) .... )y(0.2) y(0.1
] [0,0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4,0.5 ode45 .
>>xvalues=0:.1:.5
= xvalues
0 0.1000 0.2000 0.3000 0.4000 0.5000
)>>[x,y]=ode45(f,xvalues,1
=x
0
0.1000
0.2000
0.3000
0.4000
: 2.1
0.5000
=y
1.0000
9
1.1111
1.2500
1.4286
1.6667
2.0000
) ( option ode45
. ) (RelTol )
(AbsTol . ode45 . yk
) y(xk k ek x
ek max(RelTol * yk,AbsTol),
RelTol=0.001 AbsTol=0.000001 .
yk
ek . RelTol
;)>>[x,y]=ode45(f,[0,1],1
. x
) (1 y ) . y
1014 (. RelTol
;)>>options=odeset(RelTol,1e-10
;)>>[x,y]=ode45(f,[0,1],1,options
)>>max(y
10
= ans
2.425060345544448e+07
) y(x
y ) ( y
M-files - 2- 2
2.1 ) f(x,y
M-file first.m .
M-file .
;]>>xspan = [0,.5
;>>y0 = 1
;)>>[x,y]=ode23(@firstode,xspan,y0
>>x
- 3- 2
Inline
M-file .
2-2
dx/dt=-Vx+Vy
dy/dt=Ux-y-xz
11
dz/dt=-Ez+xy,
E=8/3 V=10 U=28 x(0)=-8
. xprime
command window
;]>>x0=[-8 8 27
;]>>tspan=[0,20
)>>[t,x]=ode45(@lorenz,tspan,x0
. x
y z .
x z :
))>>plot(x(:,1),x(:,3
2.2 . y x z
)>>subplot(3,1,1
))>>plot(t,x(:,1
12
)>>subplot(3,1,2
))>>plot(t,x(:,2
)>>subplot(3,1,3
))>>plot(t,x(:,3
2.3 .
2.2
2.3
13
- 4- 2
E V U .
M-file
M-file ode 45 .
p .
;]>>p=[10 8/3 28
;)>>[t,x]=ode45(@lorenz1,tspan,x0,[],p
command
p window p .
ode 45 .
- 5- 2
14
1.2 1.2 .
)y'1(x) = y2 (x
;]>>xspan = [0,1
;]>>y0=[0 1
)>>[x , y]= ode 45(@sorderd , xspan , y0
) initial
( conditions
) . ( BVPs
y''-3y'+2y=0
y(0)=0
y(1)=10,
y(0)=0 y(1)=10 ] [0,1 ) .
(.
15
y'1=y2
y'2 = -2y1 +3y2.
M-file bvpexample.m
)function res=bc(y0,y1
%BC: Evaluates the residue of the boundary condition
;]res=[y0(1);y1(1)-10
M-file res .
y0 . y1
) y(0 ) y(1 .
y . y'(1) = 10 y1(1)
10 y1(2) 10 .
. x
]) [y(0) , y'(0 .
) y'(0 . ) ) y(0
(.
bvp4c .
16
;)]>>sol=bvpinit(linspace(0,1,25),[0 1
;)>>sol=bvp4c(@bvpexample,@bc,sol
>>sol.x
= ans
Columns 1 through 9
0 0.0417 0.0833 0.1250 0.1667 0.2083 0.2500 0.2917 0.3333
Columns 10 through 18
0.3750 0.4167 0.4583 0.5000 0.5417 0.5833 0.6250 0.6667 0.7083
Columns 19 through 25
0.7500 0.7917 0.8333 0.8750 0.9167 0.9583 1.0000
>>sol.y
= ans
Columns 1 through 9
0 0.0950 0.2022 0.3230 0.4587 0.6108 0.7808 0.9706 1.1821
2.1410 2.4220 2.7315 3.0721 3.4467 3.8584 4.3106 4.8072 5.3521
Columns 10 through 18
1.4173 1.6787 1.9686 2.2899 2.6455 3.0386 3.4728 3.9521 4.4805
5.9497 6.6050 7.3230 8.1096 8.9710 9.9138 10.9455 12.0742 13.3084
Columns 19 through 25
5.0627 5.7037 6.4090 7.1845 8.0367 8.9726 9.9999
14.6578 16.1327 17.7443 19.5049 21.4277 23.5274 25.8196
sol.x
x . sol.y
) y(x x
) y'(x .
y''(x) + |y(x)| = 0
y(0) = 0
; y(4) = -2
y'1 = y2
17
y'2 = -|y1|
. y2 = y' y1 = y
solinit = bvpinit(linspace(0,4,5),[0 0]);
. y'(0) = 0 y(0) =0
sol = bvp4c(@twoode,@twobc,solinit);
:
>> solinit = bvpinit(linspace(0,4,5),[0 0]);
>> sol = bvp4c(@twoode,@twobc,solinit)
sol =
solver: 'bvp4c'
x: [0 0.2500 0.5000 1 1.2500 1.5000 1.6250 1.7500 2 2.5000 2.7500
2.9306 3.1111 3.1389 3.1412 3.1415 3.1418 3.1901 3.2384 3.3333 3.6667 4]
y: [2x22 double]
yp: [2x22 double]
stats: [1x1 struct]
>> sol.y
ans =
Columns 1 through 16
Columns 17 through 22
18
-0.0002 -0.1001 -0.2003 -0.3985 -1.1356 -2.0000
-2.0669 -2.0693 -2.0766 -2.1050 -2.3583 -2.8761
;)>> x = linspace(0,4
;)y = deval(sol,x
))plot(x,y(1,:
1-3
- 4
19
)
( .
( )
) . (
)function thetaprime=pendode(t,x
;]))thetaprime=[x(2);-(9.81/1)*sin(x(1
end
) dT/dt = x(2) T = x(1 .
pendevent.m
) ) . ( x(t) = 0 x(t) = 1
direction = -1
20
) ( x' ) x(2 ) .
) (
( .
;)>>options=odeset(Events,@pendevent
;]>>x0=[pi/4 0
;)>>[t, x, te, xe, ie]=ode45(@pendode, [0, 10], x0, options
>>te
= te
0.5215
>>xe
= xe
-0.0000 -2.3981
x0
S/4 .-
)( ode45 : ) (t x
te x ) (
ie . xe
) .
( . . ie = 1
t = 0.5215 P = 2.086 :
( . )
: . sinT T
21
S P=2.001 ) .
H
C
T T (.
. T -
T'=0 .
pendevent.m pendevent1.m .
. :
;)>>options=odeset(Events,@pendevent1
;]>>x0=[pi/4 0
;)>>[t, x, te, xe, ie]=ode45(@pendode,[0 2],x0,options
>>te
= te
0.0000
0.5216
1.0431
1.5646
>>xe
= xe
0.7854 -0.0000
-0.0000 -2.3972
-0.7853 0.0000
0.0000 2.3970
>>ie
= ie
2
22
1
2
1
0 : ] [0 , 2
) ( .
ie :
2 1 .
- 5
- 1- 5
)( 6.1
x ] [x0 , xn
) y(x0 x y(x1) .
y(c)(x1 x0)2/2 . :
) y(x2
y(c)(x2 x1)2/2 :
y(x2) y(x1) + f(x1, y(x1))(x2 x1),
) y(x1 ) (6.2 .
k = 1,2,,n-1 ) y(xk+1 :
) y(xk ) ( .
) y1 y(x1 ( ) y(x P :
; S
] [0 , 1 .
M-file
. y(0) = S y .
) 0.1 n=10 (
) (6.3 :
25
;xvalues = x
;yvalues = y
6.1
))>>f=inline(sin(x*y
=f
Inline function:
)f(x,y) = sin(x*y
)>>[x,y]=euler(f,0,1,pi,10
=x
0
0.1000
0.2000
0.3000
0.4000
0.5000
0.6000
0.7000
0.8000
0.9000
1.0000
=y
3.1416
3.1416
3.1725
3.2318
3.3142
3.4112
3.5103
3.5963
3.6548
3.6764
3.6598
)>>plot(x,y
;)>>[x,y]=euler(f,0,1,pi,100
)>>plot(x,y
x
=x
0
26
0.1000
0.2000
0.3000
0.4000
0.5000
0.6000
0.7000
0.8000
0.9000
1.0000
=y
3.1416
3.1572
3.2029
3.2750
3.3663
3.4656
3.5585
3.6299 x=0.1 6.1
3.6688
3.6708 x = 0.01
3.6383
-2-6
. y(x) .
n n .
) .
(.
6.1 .
) ( ) y(xk+1 xk .
27
) (xk, xk+1 . c ) ( -
) y(xk+1 :
) y''(xk .
. -
:
;
x = (xk+1 xk),
28
-2-6 n=10
; S
x
x
.
yk ) y(xk :
y 1 = S + S (0.005) = 3.1573 ,
3.1572 .
3.2029
3.1725 .
M-file
29
function F=taylor(x,y)
f=sin(x*y);
fx=y*cos(x*y);%derivation of f function to x.
fy=x*cos(x*y);%derivation of f function to y.
F=[f;fx;fy];
30
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