Riphah International University, Lahore Campus

Riphah College of Science and Technology, Lahore

Department of Electrical Engineering

BS Electrical Engineering Program

th
4 Semester (Session 2015) Spring 2017

EE-244 – Electrical Machines-I (3+1)

Contents:

1. Course outline
2. Lecture Plan
3. Week wise Timetable (complete 16 weeks)
4. Quizzes(Six Question Papers, Best & Poor-
Samples)
5. Assignments (Two Question Papers , Best, & Poor-
Samples)
6. Midterm Examination (Question Paper, Answer
Key, Best, & Poor-Samples, Result)
7. Final Examination (Question Paper, Answer Key,
Best, & Poor-Samples, Result)
8. Course Completion Certificate.
Riphah International University, Lahore Campus
Riphah College of Science and Technology, Lahore
Department of Electrical Engineering
 Riphah International University, Lahore Campus
Riphah College of Science and Technology, Lahore
Department of Electrical Engineering

Course Title : EE-244 Electrical Machines-I

Prerequisite : EE-202 Circuit Analysis–II
Faculty : Ishfaq Ahmad
Designation : Lecturer
Contact Information : ishfaq.ahmad@riphah.edu.pk

Course Objectives:
This course teaches the principles by which most of the electricity in the world is generated
and utilized. The aim of this course is to provide students with an understanding of the
physical principles that governs electro mechanical motion. By applying this knowledge,
students learn techniques that enable them to understand operation of DC electrical
machines and analyze their performance.

EE-204 ELECTRICAL MACHINES-I4(3+1)

The topics covered in this course include basic principles of electromagnetism and simple
l i n e a r machines. In-depth knowledge of active, reactive, apparent and complex
powers. Power factor measurement and improvement. Need, construction, types and
operation of power transformer. DC machinery fundamentals, DC motors, generators and
types of DC motors will be discussed in this course.
Program Learning Outcomes:
The course contents have been designed to achieve following PLOs:
PLO1: Engineering Knowledge: An ability to apply knowledge of mathematics, science,
engineering fundamentals and an engineering specialization to the solution of complex
engineering problems.
PLO2: Problem Analysis: An ability to identify, formulate, research literature and analyze
complex engineering problems reaching substantiated conclusions using first principles of
mathematics, natural sciences and engineering sciences.

Course Learning Outcomes:

Upon the completion of this course, students will be able to:
CLO1:Discuss the basic principles of electrical machines and solve fundamental
electromechanical problems. (Cognitive C2, C3)
CLO2: Analyze purpose and operational characteristics of power transformers. (Cognitive C4)
CLO3: Explain construction and operation of DC motors and generators.(Cognitive C2)
CLO4: Trace operational characteristics of 1-φ transformers and DC machines. (Psychomotor
P2)

Recommended Books:
1. “Electrical Machinery Fundamentals,” 4th by Stephen J Chapman (Text Book)
2. “Principles of Electric Machines and Power Electronics,” by P.C. Sen
3. “A Textbook of Electrical Technology,” by B.L. Theraja

Office Hours:
Whenever I am available in my office

Class Attendance:
Minimum 75% class attendance is mandatory to appear in the examinations.
 Riphah International University, Lahore Campus
Riphah College of Science and Technology, Lahore
Department of Electrical Engineering

Distribution of Marks:

Theory (75%) Lab (25%)

Final Exam 37.5% Final Assessment 15%

Mid Term Exam 22.5% Mid Term Exam 5%

Quizzes & Assignment 15% Performance 5%

 Riphah International University, Lahore Campus
Riphah College of Science and Technology, Lahore
Department of Electrical Engineering

EE-244 Electrical Machines -IWeeklyLecture Plan

1stWeek Introduction to the course, course objectives, teaching and assessing methods,
Transformers and motors in daily life, Applications and design model of electrical system.

2ndWeek Basics of rotational mechanics, angular velocity, acceleration, torque and Newton’s law of
rotation, Producing magnetic field,

3rdWeek Magnetic circuits, behavior of ferromagnetic materials, BH curve, Hysteresis loop and
magnetic domain theory and examples

4thWeek Faraday’s law, production of induced force on a wire, production of induced voltage
across a wire

5thWeek Operation of simple linear Machines, operation of simple linear machines as motors and
generators, examples
6th
Week
Real, Reactive and Apparent powers, complex power and power factor

7thWeek Purpose of a transformer in power system, voltage, current and impedance relationships
across the windings of an ideal transformer.
8thWeek
Real transformers, transformer equivalent circuits, voltage and current transformation
across a transformer
th
9
Week Transformer voltage regulation, losses, efficiency, effect of power factor

10thWeek
Mid Term Examination

11thWeek
Per unit system of measurement
12thWeek
Transformer taps and voltage regulation, Autotransformer, potential transformer and
current transformer concepts
13thWeek
Three Phase TXFs introduction. DC machinery fundamentals, The induced voltage and
induced torque equations in real dc machine, Commutation in a simple four-loop dc
machine,
coils design of motors. to commutator, Lap, Wave and
14thWeek Armature design/construction, rotor and connections
Frog-leg winding. Armature reaction and compensating winding, Construction, power flow
and losses in DC machines.
th
15 Week DC machine design as a motor and generator, Equivalent circuit, Magnetization, Shunt dc
motor, Permanent magnet dc motor, series, compounded dc motor

16thWeek
Separately excited and Shunt DC motors, terminal characteristics of a shunt DC motor.

17thWeek
The speed control of shunt DC motors. Speed control of other DC motors.

18thWeek
Final Examination
Riphah International University, Lahore Campus
Riphah College of Science and Technology, Lahore
Department of Electrical Engineering
 Riphah International University, Lahore Campus
Riphah College of Science and Technology, Lahore
Department of Electrical Engineering

Quiz 1

Question: [10 Marks]

The circuit for ideal transformer is shown in Fig. 1. Answer the following questions, respectively.

Figure 1

1. What are conditions on which the circuit shown in Fig. 1 is based?

2. Incorporate the condition asked in part 1 in the circuit of ideal transformer in order to construct
the exact equivalent circuit for single phase practical transformer.
3. Modify the circuit in part 2 and construct the approximate equivalent circuit for single phase
practical transformer.
4. Suggest a circuit from part 2 and part 3 for practical use and why?

.
 Riphah International University, Lahore Campus
Riphah College of Science and Technology, Lahore
Department of Electrical Engineering

Best and Worst Samples of Quiz 1

 Riphah International University, Lahore Campus
Riphah College of Science and Technology, Lahore
Department of Electrical Engineering

Quiz 2

Question: [10 Marks]

The equivalent circuit of a 15-kVA, 23001230-V transformer referred to the high voltage side is shown
in Fig. 1. The short circuit and open circuit test parameters are shown in Table 1.

Table 1

Figure 2

Answer the questions, respectively.

1. Find the equivalent circuit of this transformer referred to the low voltage side.
2. Calculate the full load voltage regulation at lagging, unity and leading power factor. The values
for leading and lagging power factor may be selected as per student choice.
3. What is the effect of lagging, unity and leading power factor on voltage regulation?
 Riphah International University, Lahore Campus
Riphah College of Science and Technology, Lahore
Department of Electrical Engineering

Best and Worst Samples of Quiz 2

 Riphah International University, Lahore Campus
Riphah College of Science and Technology, Lahore
Department of Electrical Engineering

Quiz 3

Question: [10 Marks]

a) How is the internal generated voltage (𝐸 ) related to the field current (𝐼 ) in the
machine?

Hint: In order to answer the above question you are required to consider the following:

1. Magneto-motive force.
2. Expression for internal generated voltage.
3. Magnetization curves of a Dc motor

b) How does a shunt dc motor respond to a load?

.In order to answer the above question you are required to consider the following
expressions:

1. 𝐸 = 𝐾ѡФ.
2. 𝑉 = 𝐸 − 𝐼 𝑅 .
3. 𝜏 = 𝐾Ф𝐼
 Riphah International University, Lahore Campus
Riphah College of Science and Technology, Lahore
Department of Electrical Engineering

Best and Worst Samples of Quiz 3

 Riphah International University, Lahore Campus
Riphah College of Science and Technology, Lahore
Department of Electrical Engineering

Quiz 4

Question: [10 Marks]

The Kirchhoff’s voltage law equation for the dc compound motor is shown by Eq. 1:

𝑉 = 𝐸 + 𝐼 (𝑅 + 𝑅 ) (1)

The current in the compound motor is related by Eqs. 2 and 3.

𝐼 =𝐼 −𝐼 (2)

𝐼 = (3)

a) By using the Eqs. 1, 2 and 3, draw the equivalent circuit diagram of the dc compound motor for
short shunt and long shunt dc compound motor.
b) Explain your understanding about the cumulatively compound and differentially compound dc
motor. Further explain that which compound motor is used more frequently and why?
c) List the speed control methods of the cumulatively compound dc motor.
 Riphah International University, Lahore Campus
Riphah College of Science and Technology, Lahore
Department of Electrical Engineering

Best and Worst Samples of Quiz 4

 Riphah International University, Lahore Campus
Riphah College of Science and Technology, Lahore
Department of Electrical Engineering

Quiz 5

Question: [10 Marks]

The Equivalent circuit of a dc motor armature is shown in Fig. 1.

Figure 1

The terminal relationship of the motor is given by Eq. 1

𝑉=𝑒+𝑅 𝑖 +𝐿 (1)

The relationship for the air gap power is given by Eq. 2.

𝑃 = 𝜔 𝑇 = 𝑒𝑖 (2)

The relationship for the acceleration torque is given by Eq. 3.

𝐽 +𝐵 𝜔 =𝑇 −𝑇 = 𝑇 (3)

a) By using the Eqs. 1, 2 and 3, derive the transfer function given in Eqs. 4 and 5.
( ) ( )
𝐼 (𝑠) = (4)

( ) ( )
𝜔 (𝑠) = (5)

b) By using the derived transfer functions in part (a), construct the block diagram of a dc motor.
c) Simplify the block diagram of a dc motor in part (b) and derive the transfer function shown in
Eq. 6.
( )
𝐺 ( ) = = (6)
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
 Riphah International University, Lahore Campus
Riphah College of Science and Technology, Lahore
Department of Electrical Engineering

Best and Worst Samples of Quiz 5

 Riphah International University, Lahore Campus
Riphah College of Science and Technology, Lahore
Department of Electrical Engineering

Quiz 6

Question: [10 Marks]

The Block diagram of a dc motor current loop is shown in Fig. 1.

Figure 3

By using the loop gain function which is the product of G(s)H(s), formulate the layout to calculate the
value of the gain of the current controller 𝐾 .
 Riphah International University, Lahore Campus
Riphah College of Science and Technology, Lahore
Department of Electrical Engineering

Best and Worst Samples of Quiz 6

 Riphah International University, Lahore Campus
Riphah College of Science and Technology, Lahore
Department of Electrical Engineering

Assignment No: 1

[05 Marks]

Question No: 1
 Riphah International University, Lahore Campus
Riphah College of Science and Technology, Lahore
Department of Electrical Engineering

Question No: 2

.
 Riphah International University, Lahore Campus
Riphah College of Science and Technology, Lahore
Department of Electrical Engineering

Best and Poor Samples of Assignment 1

 Riphah International University, Lahore Campus
Riphah College of Science and Technology, Lahore
Department of Electrical Engineering

Assignment No: 2

[05 Marks]

Question No: 1
 Riphah International University, Lahore Campus
Riphah College of Science and Technology, Lahore
Department of Electrical Engineering

Question No: 2
 Riphah International University, Lahore Campus
Riphah College of Science and Technology, Lahore
Department of Electrical Engineering

Best and Poor Sample of Assignment 2

 Riphah International University, Lahore Campus
Riphah College of Science and Technology, Lahore
Department of Electrical Engineering

Department of Electrical Engineering

Faculty of Engineering & Applied Sciences
Riphah International University
Mid Term Examinations, Spring 2017 Semester
B.Sc. Electrical Engineering Program

CMS : _________ Subject Name : Electrical Machines-I

Marks : 30 Time Allowed: 1 Hour

Note: Attempt all Questions.

Question No: 1_______________________________________________________ [10 MARKS]

A ferromagnetic core is shown in Fig. 1. Three sides of this core are of uniform width, while the fourth
side is somewhat thinner. The depth of the core (into the page) is 5 cm and the other dimensions are
shown in Fig. 1. There is a 300 turn coil wrapped around the left side of the core. Assuming the relative
permeability of 2000, how much flux will be produced by a 1-A input current? The value of the
permeability of the free space can be taken as 4π×10 H/m.

Figure 4
 Riphah International University, Lahore Campus
Riphah College of Science and Technology, Lahore
Department of Electrical Engineering

Question No: 2 _______________________________________________________ [10 MARKS]

The circuit for an ideal transformer is shown in Fig. 2.

Figure 5

The conditions on which the circuit is made are given as:

 The primary and secondary windings have zero resistance.
 There is no leakage flux in the core.
 The core has infinite permeability.
 The core-loss (hysteresis as well as eddy-current loss) is considered zero.
You are required to answer the following questions, respectively.

a) Modify the circuit shown in Fig. 2 by incorporating the each condition given in the question in
order to construct the equivalent circuit for single-phase practical transformer.
b) Modify the circuit constructed in part (a) by referring the secondary side to the primary side of
the single-phase transformer and state the reason that why the secondary side is referred to the
primary side or vice versa?
c) Simplify the above circuit given in part (b) and construct the approximate equivalent circuit
model for practical single-phase transformer.
d) Convert the parameters of the circuit shown in part (c) into per unit system.

Question No: 3 [10 MARKS]

A 100-VA 120/12-V transformer is to be connected so as to form a step-up auto-transformer shown in

Fig. 3. A primary voltage of 120 V is applied to the transformer.

Figure 6
 Riphah International University, Lahore Campus
Riphah College of Science and Technology, Lahore
Department of Electrical Engineering

a) What is the secondary voltage of the transformer?

b) What is its maximum volt-ampere rating in this mode of operation?
c) Calculate the rating advantage of this autotransformer connection over the transformer's
rating in conventional 120/12- V operation.

---------------------------End of Paper----------------------------
 Riphah International University, Lahore Campus
Riphah College of Science and Technology, Lahore
Department of Electrical Engineering

Answer Key for Mid Term Exam

 Riphah International University, Lahore Campus
Riphah College of Science and Technology, Lahore
Department of Electrical Engineering

Best and Poor Samples of Mid Term Exam

Riphah International University, Lahore Campus
Riphah College of Science and Technology, Lahore
Department of Electrical Engineering

Result of Mid Term Exam

 Riphah International University, Lahore Campus
Riphah College of Science and Technology, Lahore
Department of Electrical Engineering

Department of Electrical Engineering

Riphah College of Science and Technology
Riphah International University
Final Examinations, Spring 2017 Semester
B.Sc. Electrical Engineering Program

CMS : _________ Subject Name : Electrical Machines - I

Marks : 37.5 Time Allowed : 3.0 Hours

Instructions:
1. Answer must be brief and to the point.
2. All questions are necessary to attempt.
3. Borrow of calculator is not allowed.

Question No: 1 [10 Marks]

a) The Equivalent circuit for a dc motor is shown in Fig. 1. Answer the following questions, respectively.

Figure 7

1) Write down the type of a dc motor for which the equivalent circuit is drawn in Fig. 1.
2) By taking the advantage of terminal characteristics, derive the relationship between speed and
torque of the dc motor shown in Fig.1. In order to derive the relationship between speed and
torque, following assumption will be used:
1. Linear magnetization curve.
2. Effect of saturation is used in graphical analysis.
3) Conclude the derived relationship between speed and torque in part (b) and suggest under what
condition the use of the motor will remain optimal and under what conditions the motor can
never be used.
4) What are the applications of dc motor shown in Fig.1?

b) Figure 2 shows a 50 hp, 250 V, 1200 r/min dc motor equivalent circuit with an armature resistance of
0.05 Ω and field with total resistance of 50 Ω. The motor has compensating windings. So, armature
reaction can be ignored. Mechanical and core losses may be assumed to be negligible. The no load
speed of the motor is 1200 r/min. There are 1200 turns per volt on the field winding.
 Riphah International University, Lahore Campus
Riphah College of Science and Technology, Lahore
Department of Electrical Engineering

Figure 8

1) Write down the type of a dc motor for which the equivalent circuit is drawn in Fig. 2.
2) Find the speed of the motor by taking the different values of the input current. In this case the
different value are 100 A, 200A and 300A.
3) Plot the torque - speed characteristics of this motor.

Question No: 2 [10 Marks]

a) In a certain application the speed control of a dc shunt motor is required. State a method which is more
commonly used for speed control and discuss the effect of the following mathematically:
1) Increasing 𝑅 1) Increasing 𝑉
2) Decreasing 𝐼 2) Increasing 𝐼
3) Decreasing Ф 3) Increasing 𝜏
4) Decreasing 𝐸 4) Increasing 𝜔
5) Increasing 𝐼 OR 5) Increasing 𝐸
6) Increasing 𝜏 6) Decreasing 𝐼
7) Increasing ѡ
8) Increasing 𝐸
9) Decreasing 𝐼

Also suggest a best method by considering the effects in part (a) and why?
All the suitable mathematical expressions are given in the formula sheet.

b) Simplify the EMF loop of the dc motor is shown in Fig. 3 to decouple it from the current loop by using the
negative feedback transfer function approach.

Figure 9
 Riphah International University, Lahore Campus
Riphah College of Science and Technology, Lahore
Department of Electrical Engineering

Question No: 3 [10 Marks]

a) A certain electronic device required a power of 100 Watt. The device operates at 5A. In order to
make this device operational a transformer is used to step down 220 Volts AC and then a rectifier
is used to make it dc. For this system you are required to design a transformer which sufficiently
steps down the AC supply. You need to calculate the following:
1) Size of the core.
2) Caliber for primary and secondary of the wire.
3) Turns of wire per volt.
4) Number of turns of wire for primary and secondary.
The AWG Table is given in the formula sheet.

b) The equivalent circuit impedances of a 20-kVA, 8000/240- V, 6O-Hz transformer are to be

determined. The open-circuit test and the short-circuit test were performed on the primary
side of the transformer, and the following data were taken:

Find the impedance of the approximate equivalent circuit referred to the primary side and sketch
that circuit.

Question No: 4 [7.5 Marks]

Answer the following questions briefly (Any 7).

1) How does the dc shunt motor respond to the load?

2) What is armature reaction? And how it affects the torque-speed curve.
3) Under what speed the armature control works well?
4) Under what speed the field current control works well?
5) What do you understand by the concept “Effect of Open Field Circuit”?
6) What are the applications of dc shunt motor?
7) Why short circuit and open circuit test is done?
8) What are the disadvantages of series dc motor?
9) What is the difference between the cumulative and differential compound dc motor?
10) Why a differential compound motor is not commonly used?
11) What are the speed control techniques of a compound dc motor?
12) Why the speed control method of changing the armature resistance is not preferred?

----------------------------------------------- --End of Paper------------------------------------------------------------

Riphah International University, Lahore Campus
Riphah College of Science and Technology, Lahore
Department of Electrical Engineering
Riphah International University, Lahore Campus
Riphah College of Science and Technology, Lahore
Department of Electrical Engineering

Formula Sheet
Riphah International University, Lahore Campus
Riphah College of Science and Technology, Lahore
Department of Electrical Engineering

Answer Key for Final Exam

 Riphah International University, Lahore Campus
Riphah College of Science and Technology, Lahore
Department of Electrical Engineering

Best and Poor Samples for Final Exam

Riphah International University, Lahore Campus
Riphah College of Science and Technology, Lahore
Department of Electrical Engineering

Results of Final Exam

 Riphah International University, Lahore Campus
Riphah College of Science and Technology, Lahore
Department of Electrical Engineering

BS Electrical Engineering Program

th
4 Semester (Session 2015) spring 2017

EE-244 – Electrical Machines-I

Course Completion Certificate

It is certified that the course EE-244 Electrical Machines-I has been taught and
successfully completed in the Department of Electrical Engineering, Riphah College of Science
and Technology Lahore, Pakistan.

(Dr. MuhammadIshtiaq Ahmad)

Associate Professor & HoD,
Department of Electrical Engineering,
Riphah College of Science and Technology.