VARIATION

Direct Variations
Statement Using symbol `  ’, Equation with k as constant of
variation
y varies directly as x y x y = kx

P varies directly as Q2 P  Q2 P = kQ2

M is directly proportional to M N M=k N

N

A) DIRECT VARIATION
1
Given that P varies directly as Q and P = when Q = 2.
3
Express P in terms of Q and find the value of P when Q = 18.

 STEP 1 : Symbol - P Q
 STEP 2 : Equation - P = kQ , k = constant
1
 STEP 3 : Find the value of k, = k(2)
3
1
= 2k
3
1
k =
6
1
THEN, substitute k = in the equation P = kQ.
6
1
HENCE, P= Q
6
1
 STEP 4:Find the value of P when Q = 18, P =  18
6
P=3
1. Given that y varies directly as x and y 2. Given that P  Q 2 and P = 10 when
= 15 when x = 5. Q = 2.
a) Express y in terms of x. a) Express P in terms of Q.
b) Find the value of y when x = 4. b) Find the value of P when Q = 4.

3. M varies directly as x 2 where x = 3 + y. Given that M = 64 when y = 1.

a) Express M in terms of x. b) Find the values of y when M = 400.
 VARIATION

Inverse Variations
Statement Using symbol `  ’, Equation with k as constant of
variation
y varies inversely as x 1 k
y y=
x x
P varies inversely as Q2 1 k
P P= 2
Q2 Q
M is inversely proportional to 1 k
M M=
N N N

Given that y varies inversely as x and y = 6 when x = 4.

Express y in terms of x and find the value of y when x = 3.

1
 STEP 1 : Symbol - y
x
k
 STEP 2 : Equation - y= , k = constant
x
k
 STEP 3 : Find the value of k, 6=
4
k = 24
k
THEN, substitute k = 24 in the equation y = .
x
24
HENCE, y=
x
24
 STEP 4:Find the value of y when x = 3, y =
3
y=8
1. Given that y varies inversely as x and x = 4 2. Given that P varies inversely as x and P =
when y = 3. 1
a. Express y in terms of x. 6 when x = . Express P in terms of x
b. Find the value of y when x = 6. 3
1
and find the value of P when x = 3 .
3

3. Given that S varies inversely as square root of r and S = 5 when r = 16.

a) Express S in terms of r.
b) Find the value of S when r = 25
 VARIATION

Joint Variations
Statement Using symbol `  ’, Equation with k as constant of
variation
w varies directly as x and y w  xy w = kxy

P varies directly as q and r2 P  q r2 P = kq r2

s varies directly t and t kt

inversely as u s s=
u u
d varies directly as e2 and e2 ke 2
d d=
inversely as f f f
R varies inversely as M and 1 k
R R=
N M N M N
EXAMPLE
y varies directly as x and z. Given that y = 12 when x = 2 and z = 3.
a) Express y in terms of x and y,
b) Find the value of y when x = 5 and z = 2.

 STEP 1 : Symbol - y  xz
 STEP 2 : Equation - y = kxz , k = constant
 STEP 3 : Find the value of k, 12 = k (2)(3)
12 = 6k
k=2
THEN, substitute k = 2 in the equation y = kxz.
HENCE, y = 2xz
 STEP 4:Find the value of y when x = 5 and z = 2, y = 2(5)(2)
y = 20
1. p varies directly as q and r. Given that p = 36 2. M varies directly as N and varies inversely as
when q = 4 and r = 3. P and m = 6 when N = 3 and P = 4.
a) Express p in terms of q and r, a. Express M in terms of N and P.
b) Find the value of p when q = 3 and r = 3. b. Calculate the value of M when N
= 5 and P = 2.

3. Given that p varies directly as x and inversely as the square root of y. If p = 8 when x = 6 and y = 9.
a. express p in terms of x and y,
b. calculate the value of y when p = 6 and x = 9.
KUMPULAN ASAL
1. F varies directly as G to the power of P
two and varies inversely as H. Given 2. Given that S  and S = 6 when P = 3
M3
that F = 6 when G = 3 and H = 2, and M = 2. Calculate the value of P when S =
express F in terms of G and H. Find the 2 and M = -4.
value of G when F = 27 and H = 4.

3. The table shows some values of the 4. The table shows the relation between three
variables w, x and y, such that w varies variables D, E and F.
directly as the square root of x and
inversely as y. D E F
2 3 4
w x y 1 6 m
18 9 2
3 K 36 2

1
a) find the equation connecting w x Given that D 
and y. EF
b) calculate the value of K. a) express D in terms of E and F
b) calculate the value of m.