Egyptian Wooden Statues of The

1, -,
A TYPOLOGICAL STUDY OF EGYPTIAN WOODEN STATUES OF THE

OLD KINGDOM
by Julia Carol Harvey
Ph. D.
University College London
IBIBL
LUNIV
IV
ALL MISSING PAGES ARE BLANK
IN
ORIGINAL
Abstract:
A corpusof 217 woodenstatuesdating from the Egyptian Old Kingdom is examined

and discussedin detail. 127statueshavebeendatedto individual reignswithin the Old
Kingdomand are placedin chronologicalorder(CatalogueA). They form the basisof a
chronologicalfeaturelist. Using the datingcriteria from the featurelist, and by drawing
parallels with CatalogueA, a further 75 statues(CatalogueB) have beenassignedto
individual reigns within the Old Kingdom. New features from CatalogueB are then
addedto the chronologicalfeaturelist. CatalogueC comprisesstatueswhich have no
parallelsin CatalogueA, but do sometimeshavea parallelin CatalogueB, andwhich, in
the absenceso far of evidenceto the contrary,may be assignedto the Old Kingdom.
Appendix I discussesthe texts inscribed on 51 of the statues.These consist of the names
and titles of the tomb owner. The texts are usually inscribed on the bases, but in two
instancesthey are on the skirt, and once on the sceptre.The titles are examinedin detail to
see whether their date range is consistent with the dates suggested in the text.
Unfortunately the inscriptions give no further dating assistance.The phrase un3hVI,hr is
examined in detail and it emergesthat its use changedover time.
Appendix 2 is a discussion of the material of the statues,as far as this is known. Only 8
statueshave been scientifically analysed, a further 4 have been identified visually, and
another 2 have unconfirmed analyses. From this meagre information it emerges that
indigenous woods were preferred to imported woods. The most popular indiginous
woods are sycamore and acacia.
Appendix3 is a tableof the datingfeaturesbasedon CatalogueA which, whenappliedto

statuesnot in the corpus,canassistin assigninga dateto them.
3
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Abstract 3
...........................
Table of Contents 5
........................
Acknowledgments 7
.......................
Chapter1: Introduction 9
................ .....
Chapter2: The FeatureList 15
............... .....
Introduction 15
................ .....
Glossary 17
.................. .....
Coiffures andWigs 20
.............. .....
Male 20
................. .....
Female 27
................ .....
Dress 32
................... .....
Male 32
................. .....
Female 41
................ .....
Arms 44
................... .....
Male 44
................. .....
Female 56
................ .....
Accessories 59
................. .....
Jewellery 66
................ ......
Stance 71
.................. ......
Male 71
................ ......
Female 75
............... ......
Chapter 3: The Dating of the Statuesin CatalogueA..... 78
......
Chapter4: The Dating of the Statuesin CatalogueB..... 114
.....
Chapter 5: The Dating of the Statuesin CatalogueC..... 136
.....
Chapter 6: The Catalogues 141
.............. .....
CatalogueA............. 143
.....
CatalogueB..;.......... 271
.....
CatalogueC............. 347
.....
Chapter 7: Conclusions 363
............... .....
5
Appendix 1: The Inscriptions .............. 365
....
hi
h0hu, ............... 367
....
Titles 369
................ ....
Appendix2: Wood Types 383
............... ....
Indigenous 383
.............. ....
Foreign 385
............... ....
Appendix3: FeatureCross-References 386
........... ....
Male 386
................ ....
Female 393
............... .... .
Appendix4. Concordanceof MuseumandCatalogueNos 395
..... ....
Indices 400
.. ..................... ....
1. PersonalNames 400
................. ....
2. Titles 402
..................... ....
3. Sites 403
..................... ....
Concordance of the Platesandthe CatalogueNos........ 405
....
List of the Sourcesof the Plates 412
.............. ....
Abbreviations 419
.................... ....
Bibliography 421
..................... ....
Figures 430
.. ..................... ....
Fig. la CoiffuresandWigs, Male ....... 430
....
Fig. lb CoiffuresandWigs, Male (cont.) ..... 431
....
Fig. Ic CoiffuresandWigs, Male (cont.) ..... 432
....
Fig. 2a Coiffures andWigs, Female ....... 432
....
Fig. 2b Coiffures and Wigs, Female )
(cont. 433
.... ....
Fig. 3 Dress,Male ............ 434
....
Fig. 4 Dress,Female ............ 435
....
Fig. 5 Stance,Male 435
............ ....
Fig. 6a Arms, StandingMale ......... ....
436
Fig. 6b Arrns, StandingMale (cont.) ......
437
....
Arms, SeatedMale .
Fig. 7 437
..... ..... ....
Plates
6
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The compilation of the data for this study was only possible thanks to the help and
assistanceof many museum curators, too numerous to mention individually, but none
the less warmly appreciated.As far as possible, the statuesin this study were viewed by
me personally. I was able to visit the Cairo Museum in 1986-7 thanks to a Petrie
Fellowship, and I was able to visit twenty-three museums in the United States in two
months in 1988 thanks to the EES Centenary Studentship. Most of the European
institutions were visited individually by me over a period of five years. The few
institutions I was unable to visit were most kind in supplying information about, and
sometimes photographs of, the in

pieces their possession.I wish to extend my thanks to
all the museum curators and assistantswho welcomed me and did their best to facilitate
my researches,and who without exception permitted me to take study photographs.This

was not always easy for them. Several museumswere unable to open their display cases,
and the subsequent photographs are not always top quality,, lighting conditions varied
dramatically, as did the locations of the statueswithin the cases.The responsibility for the
quality of the illustrations is mine alone, and I am deeply grateful to Erik Tack who
scanned my photographs into his computer and thus assisted me in attaining the best
quality possible.
Of the many people who have encouraged me in my work, two in particular
deserve my heartfelt thanks: Dr David Dixon, my supervisor, for many hours of
discussion, and my husband, Dr Jacobus van Dijk, who offered constant support and
encouragement.The beautiful handcopiesof the texts and the figures are drawn by him -
the natural reaction of an artist to the spider and inkpot daubs which were my own
attempts - and which took up valuable time he could ill sparefrom his own researches.
7
CHAPTER1.
Introduction
The aim of this study of private wooden statuaryl of the Old Kingdom is to
establish criteria for dating statueswhich have no external dating criteria or provenance.
The basis of the study is a catalogue of one hundred and twenty-seven statueswhich can
be dated by external dating criteria (Catalogue A). A chronological feature list, i. e. a list
of the features present on the statues, has been drawn up from from Catalogue A, and
this is used as the basis for dating statues with no external dating criteria (Catalogue
C,
B). 2 It is of course obvious that Catalogue A, and therefore the feature list, cannot be
comprehensive for the period. The nature of wood makes it susceptible to destruction
and many of the statuesfrom the period have not survived. It may, however, be regarded
as reasonably representative.3 On the basis of a comparison of three mainfeatures,
Coiffure, Dress, and Arms, the seventy-five statues of Catalogue B are placed in a
relative chronological order, enabling the additional featuresto be relatively dated as well.
Where there is no match for three features, two are used. It has not proved possible to
date on the basis of one feature only. A third catalogue, Catalogue C, comprises fifteen
statues which have no parallels with Catalogue A, but which can, in some cases, be
paralleled by statuesin Catalogue B. Statueswhich must be supposedto date to the Old

Kingdom but do not parallel any statue from either Catalogue A or Catalogue B are also
in CatalogueC.
The chronology followed throughout the study is that given by Baines and Malek
in The Atlas of Ancient Egypt, p. 36-37. More precise divisions in time, that is, within
specific reigns, follow Harpur, Decoration, p. 34. The phrase 'the End of the Old
1 Under
private wooden statuary is understood any statue of the tomb owner, male or female, and
the wife or husbandof the same.It doesnot include royal statuesof wood from this period, statues
of gods, or statuesof domestic servantswhich began to accompanythe burials towards the end of
DynastyVI.
2 This has been
achieved by comparing the results of a number of studies of Old Kingdom
material: Eaton-Krauss, Representations; Harpur, Decoration; Seidlmayer, Graberfelder;
Strudwick, Administration; Vandier, Manuel; and Wood, Sculpture are the most frequently cited.
Cherpion, Mastabas, has beenusedwith caution as it has emergedthat ordinary representationsof
the tomb owner follow a different progressionof featuresto statuesor representations
of statues(see
below, p. ý).
3 The feature
sequenceis supported by examples from the repertory of representationsof statues
as listed by Eaton-Krauss, Representations,and by examplesfrom the repertoryof stonestatues.
9
Kingdom' is usedto describethe period after the deathof Pepi11,Bainesand Malek's
7th/8thDynasty.
It has not beenthe intention of this study to examine the questionof the actual
function of the statuesin the tomb. This hasbeendiscussedby others.4 JamesP. Allen
in his article 'Funerarytexts and their meaning'in Mummies & Magic The Funerary
Arts ofAncient Egypt, 38-49, especially43-44, gives a very succinctdiscussionof the
nature of the ka and the ba, and the function of statues in the tomb. The ka is an
individual'slife-force, the ba an individual's personalityor character.The ka belongsto
the body during the life-time of the individual, andafter deathit goesto the next world.
The deceasedthen travelsto join his ka, but what actuallytravelsis his ba. The body is
part of the entirehumanbeing, so thereis a needto preserveit. "The body servesas an
'anchor'for the ba in this world, andcan be revisitedby it in the tomb. So essentialwas
this 'anchor'that, in the Old Kingdom, 'spare'bodiesin the form of statueswere often
placedin the tombalongwith the mummy.-5
In the Old Kingdom, the inscriptions on the woodenstatuesin CatalogueA are
exclusively the namesand titles of the deceased,and not the offering formula which
becamepopularin the Middle Kingdom (SeeAppendix 1).Until evidenceto the contrary
appears,it mustbe assumedthat in the Old Kingdoin woodenstatueswere not designed
to receiveofferings (n A3n) and are thereforenot ka statues.They are,in the words of
Wood, "potential substitutes for the physical body in two aspects of its eternal
existence."6 The two aspectsare passive and active, representedby a seatedand a
striding figure respectively.The natureof "stone,being more impervious than wood,
was better suited to the function of tomb statuesas enduring substitutesfor physical
bodies", but a tomb statue had not only to be capable of "enduring forever, which
required impervious and inanimate form, but it also had to be capableof life which
requiredanimatefon-n.... Sculptors,realizingthat wood could not competewith stonein
durability, choseto emphasizeby meansof naturalistic,lifelike effectsthe animateform
thata tomb statuealsorequired." 7
The seatedfigure representsa passivestatein the afterlife. Wood drawsa contrast
between wood and stone for seatedstatues: "Among the wooden statues that have
4
For example, Scharff, JEA 26 (1941), 41-50; Shoukhry, SASAE 15; Vandier, Manuel;
Hornemann, 7:ypes; Eaton-Krauss, Representations; LA IV, Privatplastik, 1112-1119; etc.
5
p. 44.
6
Wood, Sculpture, 65.
7
op cit., 14,17.
10
survived from the Fifth and Sixth Dynasties, the is
seatedpose extremely rare. This
might be due to the compatibility of the type with stone,however,for stoneis the ideal
materialin which to renderthe compactcubical form of a seatand the static form of a
seatedfigure.,'8 This statementis borne out by the evidence.Seatedstatuesare very
rare, and in some cases, for example in the tomb of Tjeteti, a seatedstone statue
accompaniesthe stridingwoodenones.
The striding figure9 represents an active state in the afterlife in which the
deceasedcontinues to exercise the offices he attained in life. This is supported by the
evidenceof the namesand titles sometimes present on the bases(See Appendix 1).
The provision of several statuesfor the burial, something particularly common in
the reigns of Unas and Pepi 11,appearsto be linked to the several offices performed by
the deceasedduring his lifetime. More elaborateburials have inscriptions on the basesof
the statues, and these often list separatetitles, although the present evidence does not
10
confine particular titles to particular costumes. The ba is therefore able to choose
to
which persona occupy on its return visits to the tomb.
The location of the statues in the tomb appears to be more closely related to the
accident of survival than to any religious purpose. In the early Old Kingdom, statues
were placed first in the chapels (Dynasty IV), and then in serdabs (Dynasty V
onwards). II They slowly began to be placed in the main chambers, too, and by the end
of the Old Kingdom were even in the burial chamber itself. Throughout this period,
however, statuescontinued to be found in all the various possible locations. The priority
must have been to preserve the statuesas a base to which the ba could return. Most of
the statuesin the corpus were excavated without an accurate record being made of their
exact location in the tomb. The majority of the statues which have had their location
recorded were found in serdabsif they are from the first part of the Old Kingdom, and in
the burial chambersor shafts if they date to the end of the Old Kingdom.
In most cases the exact material of the statues is not known (see Appendix 2).
8
op.cit., 22.
Y op.cit., 13: 'The description of the conventional male stanceas "striding" is itself a convention.
A figure in this stancedoesnot actually appearto stride, for his weight is equally distributed on his
feet. "Striding" is a convenient term, however, to distinguish the stance from that of "standing"
figures with straight legs and parallel feet. The pose is static, yet the power to move is conveyed
...
by the extensionof the left leg. The stanceis both active and immobile, temporal and eternal.'
10Seefor
ue Nos. A83 -A 102
examplethe statuesfrom the tomb of Tjeteti, Catalo(-,
II For detailed discussion
a of the serdab see Shoukhry, SASAE 15,19 1ff.
II
Eaton-Krauss,12lists five representations
of woodenstatueswhosematerialis known:
No. 99 is ebony,13No. 98 is acacia (Ind), No. 43 is §pnn-wood,14No. 44 is ksbt-
wood, and No. 83 is an imported wood (ht h3s(vv)),as yet unidentified. 15It seems
likely that the majority of the statueswere madeof nativetimbers16andnot of imported
woods. Five statues are made of sycomore fig, 17 l 8
three of acacia, and one of
tamarisk. 19 Four are said to be 20
ebony, an identification which, although not
supported by any analysis, may be provisionally acceptedsince "on account of its
it canbe "recognizedreadily without microscopical
characteristiccolourandappearance"
i
exam nation. -21 One is 22
statue supposedlycedar. Where possible the statueswere
madefrom one single piece,but if necessaryseveralpiecesweredowelledtogether,or
the limbs attachedwith mortiseand tenonjoints. Thejoins areusually at the shoulders,
the frontsof the feet,andsometimesthe left forearm.The statueswerethencoveredwith
a layerof paintor of paintedplaster,which concealedthejoins, and occasionallyby linen
garmentsas well. The paintedlayer wasthe medium on which much additional detail
was added,for example,sporransand neck-laces.
The deteriorationanddisappearanceof
this layer due to the ravagesof time has meantthe loss of much information about the
ongin ecorationof mostof the statues.This is particularlyinconvenientwhentrying to
establishthe varietyof a skirt suchasthe half-gofferedkilt.
Discussionof the techniquesinvolved in the making of thesestatueslies outside
the scopeof this study.23Although the style of severalstatuesfrom one tomb can vary
12
op.cit.,55-56.
13SeeWood,Sculpture, 10for a discussion
of theproperties
of ebony.
14 Kcimer, Gartenpflanzen11,31-32
suggeststhat 1pnnis poppy,but as Eaton-Krauss.
Representations, 133n. 701,pointsout,it mustbethematerialof thestatuewhichis meant,not
thepigmentusedto paintit. Thatis, a typeof treeandnota flower.
15Posener-Kri6ger, LesArchives duTemple FunirairedeNiferirkar;-Kak-aY 1,166-7(A 11).
16Wood,Sculpture, sycamore fig becauseof its
saysthat the mostcommonwoodusedwas
associations with thecult of Hathor(pp.25-7).Onpp.73-4shestatesthatthestatueHildesheim,
Roemer- und Pelizaeus-Museum Inv.Nr. 1572 is madeof sycamorefig, but there is noconfirmation
of thisin therecentCAApublication andI do not knowwhat her source for thisstatement is.
17Catalogue Nos.A3,B13,B54,B59andA78.
18Catalogue Nos.A126,BIOandB33.
19Catalogue No.A103.
20Catalogue Nos.A43,A46-48.
21Lucas,Materials,434.
22Catalogue No.B75.
23 For discussion techniques seeSliwa, Studies in Ancient Egyptian
a of the of wood-working
HandicraftWood-working, (Krakow,1975),andDrenkhahn, DieHandwerker undih" Tdtigkeitim
12
considerably, as for examplewith the statuesfrom the tomb of Tjeteti, thereare not
enough tomb groups from one area or time range to be able to identify individual
sculptors.Statuesfrom one areavary so much in datethat it hasproved impossibleto
identify workshops.Severalstatues,for examplethosefrom Saqqara,could comefrom
onework-shop, but the fact thattheycanbe severaldecadesapartin time impliesthatthey
were made by different hands. The actual carving techniques do not supply any
informationwhich would assistin the acquisitionof datingcriteria,andarethereforenot
discussed.
The coloursof the painteddecorationconformin generalto the usualpalette,but it
was not possible to compare them to a colour chart due to the many and varied situations
under which I was allowed accessto the statues. Red, black, white, yellow, green and
blue are the main colours. The skin of male statuesis usually a dark red, with the details
of the eyes and eyebrows outlined in black. The whites of the eyes and the finger and
toenails are white, as is the skirt. The skin colour of the female statuesis usually yellow,
but sometimes red has been used.24 The details of the navel and the pubic hair, when
the figure is nude, are shown in black. The dressesand skirts are white, and jewellery for
both sexesis red, blue and green.
The geographicaldistribution of the statuesis interesting. The earliest extant statues
tend to come from Saqqara, and in fact only one or two statues come from other sites,
including Giza, before the reign of Pepi 1. During the reign of Pepi 11and later the
distribution is much more widespread.Many remains of statueswere found by Junker at
Giza, but they seem to come from late Dynasty V or Dynasty VI mastabasinserted into
the gaps between 25
earlier ones. The earliest evidence for statuary in wood at Giza are a
number of inlaid eyes, all that remain of four royal statues from the mortuary temple of
Menkaure.26 "The loss of most of the wooden sculpture at Giza can be attributed to the
voracity of the white ants in the area.,'27 The existence of wooden statues prior to the
alten Agypten, AA 31 (Wiesbaden, 1976).

24 See
the statues from tomb N43 at Naga ed-Mr, Catalogue Nos. A] 08 -A 124.
25 For
example, the mastabas of Khufuseneb i, Junker, Giza VII, 86,125-6, (PM 111,152); Tjena.
VII, 87, (PM 111,149); Rawer ii, VII, 125, (PM 111,162); Meryib ii, VII, 125; VIII, 140-15 1, (PM
167); Idu ii, VIII, 90-107, (PM 111,165-6); Khesef i, IX, 192-8, (PM 111,106); Menibi, IX, 216-18,
(PM 111,104); ItjJef, X, 92-105, (PM 111,216-7); Hetepheres, X, 94, (PM 111,227-28); and Nyankhre,
XI, 79-91, (PM 111,223).
26 Wood, JEA 60 (1974), 82-93.
27 Idem, Sculpture, 26-7. It is
not possible to ascertain whether the white ants in Giza really were
more voracious than in other areas.
13
FourthDynastyis the subjectof Wood'sdissertation.
The number of statues provided for a burial appears to be linked to the time at
which the burial took place. Early in the Old Kingdom, only one or two statues were
supplied, with occasionally one of the wife. During the reign of Unas, however, up to ten
have been found in a single burial, with as many as three being of the wife. 28 After this
reign the number appearsto have decreasedagain, with most burials containing three or
four statues,but interestingly none of the wife. During the reign of Pepi II the number
increasesagain, and the range of officials who provided themselveswith such equipment
also expands. The in

statues decrease size and quality towards the end of the reign, 29
and those from the period just after the death of Pepi 11are relatively crude. Statuesof the
wife once again appear,and independent burials of women have severalstatuestoo, both
male and 10
female.,
When the terms left'and 'right'are used in the descriptionsof the statues,this
always refers to the STATUE's left and right, and not the left and right as seenby the
viewer.
28 For
example the burials of Akhtihotep, Catalogue Nos. A14 - A22 and Metri, Catalogue Nos.
A23 - A32.
29 There
are still burials with statuesof very high quality, for example, the burial of Istji Tjetji,
CatalogueNos. A59 - A63.
30 For
example,tomb N43 at Nagaed-Mr.
14
CHAPTER 2.
THE FEATURE LIST
Introduction
The list of featureswhich follows is assembledfrom dataderivedfrom Catalogue

A, that is, from those statueswhich can be firmly dated to the Old Kingdom, 31 and
the tomb owner or his wife. 32 Statues of servants have not been
which represent
includedin this survey.They areincidentalto themaintheme,their featuresareoriginally
derivativeof thoseof the major figures, and they developalong independentlines from
the end of Dynasty VI through to the end of the Middle Kingdom. They will be dealt
in
with a future volume along with First Intermediate Period and Middle Kingdom
statues.The featuresare listed in chronological order. In some for
cases, examplethe
echelon-curlwig, broad categorieshave not beensub-divided. Thus,the styleof the locks
is not differentiated,althoughthe fact of whetheror not the wig coversall or part of the
is
ears noted. A differentiationby lock type would in
result as many categoriesasthere
are statuesand thus serves no practicalpurpose.The lists do not include featureswhich
appearonly on stonestatuesor in reliefs of the tomb owneror his wife.
Severalinterestingconclusionscan be drawn. The first is that representationsof
statuesoften show certainfeatures before they appearin the repertoryof actualstatues,
and often discontinuethem before the statuesdo. An example of this is the mid-calf
lengthprojecting-panelkilt. It appearson statuesfrom the reign of Teti to the endof the
of statuesfrom the reign of Unas to the reign of
Old Kingdom, and on representations
Pepi 1. Stonestatues,too, show somefeaturesin advanceof woodenones,for example
the flared, smoothwig, coveringthe ears,which first appearsin the early Old Kingdom
but
on stonestatues, not until the reign of Pepi 11on woodenones. Other featuresdo not
appearon stonestatuesat all, for example, the bagwig on female stonestatues.Some
featureswhich are presenton ordinary representations in the tombsappearto post-date
31 The dating
of these statues has been achieved on the basis of re-examination and reassessment
of the original publications, where available, and with the help of several admirable studies of the
period, in particular Strudwick, Administration, Harpur, Decoration, Kanawati, Administration,
id, Refornis, and Baer, Rank and Title. In dating the representations of statues I have in the main
followed Eaton-Krauss, Representations.
32 Unless
otherwise indicated, all statues are of wood.
15
their appearanceon the statuesby quite some time, and vice versa. The so-called
localotte-33is presenton representationsup to the reign of Menkaure, but does not
appearon statues until the reign of Merenre; the echelon-curl wig revealingthe earsdoes
not appear on representations until the reign of one of the Pepi's,
but is presenton statues
from the reign of Teti. Eaton-Kraussdiscussesthe relationshipbetweenrepresentations
of the "living" tomb owner,andrepresentationsof statuesof the tomb owner on pp. 4-5.
Sheemphasizesthat the representationsof statuesare depictionsof the "living" tomb
owner and not depictions of (extant) statuesof him. Statueswere made by different
craftsmento thosewho carvedreliefs. The latter would be involved with the carvingof
both the representations
of the tomb ownerand of representations of statuesof him and
thususedthe sameconventionsfor both.The evidenceof the woodenstatuesthemselves
suggeststhat their makersuseddifferentconventionsat different times.
Femalestatuesappearin two time sections,one rangingin dateup to the reign of
Unas,the otherdatingfrom the endof the reign of Pepi11onwards.This is in spiteof the
fact that stonestatuesandrepresentations
of female statuescontinuethroughout Dynasty
VI. This may be an accidentof preservation,but severaltombs from this female-free
periodhaveseveralstatuesfoundin goodcondition,andthe chancesthe femalestatuesin
eachcasewerethe only onesto sufferdestructionandto leaveno traceare not very high.
Most of the early femalestatuesare of the tomb owner's wife; the later statuescan also
come from tombs where the owner is a female. The range of wigs on femalestatues
differs to a greatextentto the rangedepictedon representations
of female statues.This
may be dueto the absenceof statuesfrom the greaterpartof DynastyVI.
Examples for comparativematerial have beendrawn almost exclusively from
stonestatuesand representationsof statues, both wooden and stone. Examples from
representations
of the "living" tomb ownerhave been
occasionally usedin addition to the
representations
of statues.
33 Vandicr. Manuel, 102; Cherpion, Mastabas, 55. A calorie is a sort of skullcap of different,
shapedlocks on the crown of the head.
16
Glossary of terms used in describing statuesin the feature list and the catalogue.
Bagwig A short, smooth, full wig, covering the ears. The wig stands
out from the head and thus cannot be confused with a shaven
head or a skullcap.
Calotte 'A plain skull-cap. Any thing having the form of a small
34
cap., Used here to describe a circle of differently patterned
echelon-curls on the crown of the head.
Echelon 'A formation of troops in which the successivedivisions are
placed parallel to one another, but no two on the same

To
alignement. arrange (troops) in the form '
of an echelon. 35
Echelon-curl wig A wig madeup of a numberof layersof locks arrangedin an

echelon.The locks canbe square,rectangular,or triangularin
shape.The layers can succeedeachother, or overlap each
other. Often they increase in size as they progress
downwardsfrom the crown of the head.
Goffer 'To make wavy by means of heated goffering-irons; to flute
or crimp.,36
Half-goffered kilt A kilt with one side goffered. It appearsto be always the right
side. The goffers usually reach to half way around the back,
and fall in front in a curve from the belt to the hem.
Natural fist The handis clenchedandthe fingersareheld flush againstthe

palm. The thumbrunsoutsidethe index finger.
Pierced fist The handis fisted but the fingers are held loosely so that an
34 Oxford English Dictionary.
35Idern.
36Idern.
17
is
aperture created.
Projecti ng-panel kilt A kilt with the materialstiffenedin front in sucha way thatit
extends in a trapeziform (q. v. ). The short end of the
trapezium is at the waist, the long end is at the hem.
Sometimesthe sidesof the trapeziumare folded back along
the sidesof the figure.
Sheath dress A close-fitting garment worn by women, stretching from

shoulderto ankle.It is usuallysuspendedby shoulderstraps.
Often the only indicationof its presenceis the existenceof a
hen-dine.
Sporran 'A pouch or large pursemadeof skin, usually with the hair
left on andwith ornamentaltassels,etc. Worn in front of the
kilt by Scottish highlanders.'37 Used here to describethe
wide varietyof beaddecorationsand tasselswhich hangfrom
the belt down the front of the kilt.
Steinkent(e) A short cylindrical object held in the aperturecausedwhen

the hand is loosely fisted. Both ends are rounded, and the
is
object often paintedwhite. 'The term Steinkernhas been
employed... despiteits inappropriateapplicationto examples
in wooden statuary.'38Fischer39arguesthat the object is a
bolt of cloth, GardinerSign List N 18 (after S 26), akin to the
handkerchiefcarried by someseatedstonestatues,Gardiner
Sign List S 29. With referenceto standingstonestatues,he
argues that N 18 was easier to carve than S 29. He implies
that wooden statuesdid have handkerchiefswith extended
ends (i. e. S 29)40as this material did not have the samerisk
37 Idem.
38 Eaton-Krauss,Representations,8 35.
n.
39 MAfj
10 (1975), 9-21.
40
op. cit., 14-15.
18
of breakage,but not a single statue in the corpus actually
does. Rather, they seem to follow the stone statue
conventions.Another puzzle is the fact that there are often
two of the objects, one in each hand. If they are
handkerchiefs, folded in such a way that the ends do not
protrude, why are two necessary? Perhaps one is a
handkerchiefandthe othera cloth for moppingthe brow.
Trapeziform 'Having the form of a trapezium.,41
Trapezium 'A quadrilateral having only one pair of its opposite sides
parallel.'42The American English terrn is trapezoid.
Trapezoid 'A quadrilateral figure no two of whose sides are parallel. ,43
The American English term is trapezium.
Tripartite wig Wig in which two bunches of hair are wom forward over the
shoulders, with the remainder of the hair falling down the

back.
41 Oxford English Dictionary

42 Idem.
43 Idem.
19
COIFFURES AND WIGS
Male
W. 1 Short echelon-curlwig, covering the ears.The locks may be rectangular,

44
square,triangular,or a combinationof any or all of theseshapes. (Fig. I a)
Twenty-nine statuesfrom CatalogueA, dating from the reign of Snefru

throughto the endof the Old Kingdom, 45
wear this wig. Onefurther statue,
No. A 103,is wearing an echelon-curlwig, but is too damagedto seewhich
varietyit is.
Elevenrepresentations 46
of statueswear this wig. They datefrom the reign
of Nyuserre up to the beginning of the reign of Pepi 11.This is the most
popular wig worn by stonestatuesand two-dimensionalrepresentationsof
in
the tombowner the Old Kingdom. 47
Seventeenstatuesfrom CatalogueB and one from CatalogueC wear this
48
wig. They range in date from the reign of Unas to the end of the Old
Kingdom.
W. Ia Shortechelon-curlwig, revealingthe ears.(Fig. 1a)
One statuefrom CatalogueA dating to the reign of Teti. 49

This style is very rare on stone statues and representations of the tomb
50
owner, and does not appear on representations of statues at all. According
44 Vandier, Manuel, 101-102; Shoukhry, SASAE 15,78;

Staehelin, Tracht, 86-88; Cherpion,
Mastabas, 55-56. The calotte discussedby Cherpion as a criterion is not applicable to statues.It is
absentin the earlier dynasties, and only appearsin the reign of Merenre (W. 5). See also Fischer,
JNES 18 (1959), 238-9,especiallyn. 16.
45 CatalogueNos. A 1,5,9-10,13-18,23,38,40-42,45,47,52-3,58,73,77,81,97-100,106,
and
115.
46 Eaton-KraussNos. 27,43,68,75,78,102,104-105,108,110,
and 126.
47 E. Cairo, CG 24:
g. Vandier, Manuel, Pl. XXV, 3; Louvre, E. 25368: op. cit., XXVII, 5;
Nationalmuseet,CopenhagenA. A. b. 27: op. cit., XXXIV, 2, etc.
48 CatalogueNos. 136-8,13-16,29-31,44-45,47-50,66
and C8.
49 CatalogueNo. A36.
50 Stachelin,Tracht, 86; Vandier,Manuel, 102. E. Cairo JE 35565:
g. op. cit., Pl. XLI, 4.
20
to Cherpion5l this wig appears for the first time in the tomb of Kar, 52
whose "beautiful names" Pepinefer and Meryrenefer indicate that he lived
any time from the reign of Pepi I onwards.

Five statuesfrom Catalogue B wear this wig. 53 They range in date from the
reign of Teti to the end of the reign of Pepi 11.
W. 1b Short echelon-curl wig, revealing the earlobes.(Fig. 1a)
Four statuesfrom Catalogue A wear this wig, dating from the reign of Pepi I
to the end of Dynasty VI. 54
This wig does not appear on representationsof statuesor on stone statuesat

all.
Two statues from Catalogue B wear this wig. 55 They date to the period
from the end of the reign of Pepi I into the reign of Merenre.
W. 1C Only the fringe of an echelon-curlwig is extant.
This version of the echelon-curl wig is only present on one statue fragment
from Catalogue C, No. C 13. It cannot be precisely dated.
W. 2 Close-fitting coiffure, decoratedwith carved horizontal lines. (Fig. lb)
This is present on ten statues from Catalogue A dating from the reign of
Snefru up to the transition period between Dynasties V and VI, that is, the
56
reigns of Unas and Teti.
No representationsof statueswear this wig. Stone 57
statueswear this type.
No statuesfrom CataloguesB and C wear this wig.
51
op cit., 58.
52 PNI111/2,301-2.
53 CatalogueNos. B 12,22,56-57,64.
54 CatalogueNos. A46,48,90,
and 9 1.
55 CatalogueNos. B 18-19.
56 CatalogueNos. A2,6,19-21,25-27,33,
and 34.
57 Cf. Vandier, Manuel, 101. E. Boston MFA 09.203:
g. op.cit., Pl. V, 4-5; NYMMA 53.19: op.
cit., Pl. XXIX, 4; Louvre, A. 40: op. cit., Pl. XLI, 5.
21
W.2a Close-fittingcoiffure, decoratedwith carvedlines,andwith a slight widow's
peak,indicated by a recedinghairline at the temples.This implies that the
coiffure is the naturalhair, andnot a wig. (Fig. lb)
One statuefrom CatalogueA, dating to Dynasty IV, has this coiffure. 58

No representationsof statuesor stone statueswear this coiffure.
No statuesfrom CataloguesB andC wearthis wig.
W. 3 Short, close-fitting natural coiffure, either painted,and/or carved.59(Fig. I b)
Twenty-onestatuesfrom CatalogueA wear this style, rangingin datefrom

the reignof Isesito the endof the Old 60
Kingdom.
Twenty-onerepresentations of statueswearthis style, dating from the reign
of Nyuserrethrough to the reign of Pepi 11.61
It is usually stonestatuesand
representations of the tomb owner from DynastyIV which wearthis style.It
is rarerin the laterOld Kingdom,althoughnudefiguresalwayswearit. 62
Ten statues from Catalogue B and three from Catalogue C have this
63
coiffure. They rangein datefrom the reignof Unasto the endof the reign
of Pepi11.
W.3a Shavenheaded.It is possiblethat this was originally a painted,short,close-

fitting naturalcoiffure,but no tracesof paintremain.
One statue from Catalogue A dating to the end of the reign of Pepi 11is
shavenheaded. 64
No representations
of statueswear this coiffure. A few stonebustsandheads
58 CatalogueNo. A3.
59 Stachelin,Tracht, 84-5, EI (a); Vandier, Manuel, 101.
60 CatalogueNos. A8,28-29,37,39,43-44,56-57,61-62,64-66,68,76,78,83-85,87,
and 105.
61 Eaton-KraussNos. 20-21,44,48,52,55-57,80,84-85,96,111,134-135,144,148,153-156.
62 E. Hildesheim Inv. Nr. 1962: Eggebrecht,AR No. 3; Louvre N. 2290: Vandier, Manuel, Pls.
g.
XVIII, 4.5; Cairo CG 3: Saleh/Sourouzian,Egyptian Museum,No. 27. Vienna, Kunsthistorisches
MuseumInv. No. 7506 is nude,cL Seipel,Bilder, No. 34.
63 CatalogueNos. B 11.17,26,28,38-40,53,59-60
and C2-3, and 9.
22
appearto be shavenheaded,althoughI havebeenunableto find a complete
65
head.
statuewith a shaven
Two statuesfrom Catalogue B are shavenheaded.They both date to the reign
of Pepi 11.66
W. 3b As W. 3, but once had a sidelock on the right side of the head. (Fig. I c)
Three statuesfrom Catalogue C wear this wig. 67

No representation of a statue wears this wig. It is often worn by the son of
in
the tomb owner stone statuegroups. 68
WA Flared, striated wig, with parting, partly revealing the ears. (Fig. lb)
Two statuesfrom CatalogueA, No. AII andA24, both datingto the reign of
Unas,wearthis wig.
Three representationsof statueswear this wig, dating from the reign of
Nyuserreto the reignof Unas.69It is a commonwig on stonestatues.
70
Two statuesfrom CatalogueB wear this wig.71They dateto the period of
the transitionfrom the reign of Isesito that of Unas,andto the middle or end
of the reign of Pepi 11,respectively.
W. 4a Flared, smooth wig, partly revealing the ears.(Fig. 1b)
One statuefrom CatalogueA has this wig, dating to the reign of Pepi 11.72
65 E. Smith, HESPOK, Pls. 14 & 15. Some

g. reserve headsalso appearto be bald: op. cit., Pls. 7
-9.
66 CatalogueNos. B33
and 5 1.
67 CatalogueNos. CIO-12.
68 For
example,Brooklyn Museum37.17 E: Vandier, Manuel, Pl. XXV, 5; Cairo JE 51280:
Saleh/Sourouzian,Egyptian Museum,No. 39; etc.
69 Eaton-KraussNos. 34,35,
and 97.
70 For
example,Cairo JE 10063:Saleli/Sourouzian,Egyptian Museum,Nos. 45; Cairo CG 119:
op. cit., No. 47; Cairo CG 133:op. cit., No. 48; Cairo CG 120: Vandier,Manuel, Pl. XXI, 3; Cairo
JE 41978:op. cit., Pl. Y-Xl, 5; Louvre A. 43: op. cit.. Pl. XXXIII, 2; etc.
71 CatalogueNos. B2
and 46.
23
This wig type is known from five representations of statuesdatingfrom the
reign of Nyuserreto the reign of Pepi 11.73It is possiblethat someor all of
themoncehadpaintedstriations.This wig is also known on stonestatues.74
One statuefrom CatalogueB wearsthis wig, No. B 10, the male in a pair
statue.It datesto the reignof Unas.
WAb Flared,smoothwig, coveringthe ears.(Fig. lb)
One statuefrom CatalogueA dating to the reign of Pepi 11wears this wig. 75
There are twenty-three representationsof statuesin this wig, dating from the
reign of Menkaure to the middle of the reign of Pepi 11.76It is possible that
some or all of them would have had painted striations. Stone statuesfrom the
early Old Kingdom sometimes wear this wig. 77
No statuesfrom eitherCatalogueB or C wearthis wig.
WAc Flared,striatedwig, with parting,coveringthe earsandreachingto just above

78
the shoulders. (Fig. I b)
Four statuesfrom CatalogueA datingfrom the reign of Unasthroughto the

endof Dynasty VI wearthis wig.79
This wig can be seen on twelve representationsof statues, dating from the
reign of Nyuserre to late Teti. 80 The parting is not shown. There appear to
be only a few examplesof tWs in the stone statuerepertory.81
No statuesfrom either CatalogueB or C wear this wig.
73 Eaton-KraussNos. 25,38,54,86,
and 157.
74 For
example,Cairo CG 80: Vandier,Manuel, Pl. XXIII, 4.
75 CatalogueNo. A 101.
76 Eaton-Krauss Nos. 5,7,15,17,23,63-67,98-99,107,112-114,116,120,123,142-143,145,
and 146.
77 E. BostonMFA 13.3140:Vandier,
g. Manuel, Pl. IX, 3.
78 Vandier, Manuel, 103; Shoukhry, SASAE 15,78-79; *Staehelin,Tracht, 88-89, E2; Cherpion,
Mastabas,57.
79 CatalogueNos. A51,67,74-75.
80 Eaton-KraussNos. 26,28,76,79,83,100,106,117-118,132-133,
and 139.
81 E. Hildesheirn
g. Inv. Nr. 2144, which may havecarsin relief, Eggebrecht,AR, No. 26.
24
WAd Smooth,flaring wig, coveringthe ears.Different to W.4a. (Fig. I b)
One statuefrom CatalogueC wearsthis wig, No. C14. It cannotbe reliably

dated.
This wig is not known on representationsof statues, nor does it appearto be
on any stone statueof the period.
WS Echelon-curlwig with onelong layerto the level of the forehead,thenseveral

layers.
shorter The 82
earsarecovered. (Fig. I a)
Twenty-five statuesfrom CatalogueA wear this wig, dating from the reign
of Merenreto the endof the Old 83
Kingdom.
No representationsof statueswear this wig, nor do there appearto be any
examplesof it in the repertoryof stonestatues.
Ten statuesfrom Catalogue B 84
wear this wig. They rangein datefrom the
reign of Merenreto the end of the Old Kingdom.
W. 6 Echelon-curl wig in vertical rows, revealing the ears. (Fig. la)
One statuefrom CatalogueA dating to the reign of Pepi 11wears this wig. 85
No representations of statues wear this wig, nor do there appear to be any
examplesof it in the repertory of stone statues.
W. 6a As W.6, but revealingthe earlobes.(Fig. la)
One statuefrom CatalogueB wearsthis wig.86It datesto early in the reign

of Pepi One
11. statuefrom CatalogueC wearsthis wig,87 it datesto the end
of the Old Kingdom.
82
op. cit., 102; Staehelin, Tracht, 87, EI (c).
83 CatalogueNos. A50,54,60,69-72,82,88-89,92-96,104,107-114, and 116.
84 CatalogueNos. B20-21,32,41-43,54-55,58,65.
OP
86 CatalogueNo. B25.
87 CatalogueNo. C4.
25
Thereareno representations
of statuesor stone in
statues this wig.
W. 6b, As W. 6, but covering the ears. (Fig. I a)
Two statuesfrom Catalogue B wear this wig. 88 They date to the first half of
the reign of Pepi 11.
W.7 The so-calledbagwig-a short,smooth,full wig, coveringthe ears.(Fig. I b)
Thereare threestatuesfrom CatalogueA wearingthis wig, all datingto the

reignof Pepi11.89
Eighteen representations of statues wear this wig, ranging in date from the
reign of Menkaure to that of Pepi 11.90

It is possible that echelon-curls were
once painted on. There are a few in
examples stone. 91
Four statuesfrom Catalogue B wear this wig. 92 They all date to the reign of
Pepi 11.
W.7a Bagwig,revealingthe earlobes.(Fig. I b)
One statuefrom CatalogueB wearsthis wig, No. B52, which datesto the
endof the reign of Pepi11or slightly later.
Thereareno examplesof representations
of statuesor of actualstonestatues
in this wig.
W. 8. Vertically layeredechelon-curlwig, with a straight frin'e

9, and revealingthe
earlobcs.(Fig. la)
Thereis onestatuefrom CatalogueA in this wig, datingto the endof the Old
88 CatalogueNos. B23-24.
89 CatalogueNo. A63,79-80.
90 Eaton-KraussNos. 4,9,11,13-14,19,24,36-37,42,47,61,121-122,124,141,147, and 152.
91 E. HildeshcimInv. Nr. 2973: Eggebrccht,AR, No. 4 1.
g.
92 CatalogueNos. B34-37.
26
Kingdom. 93
There are no representations of statues wearing this wig, nor do any stone
statueswear it.
Four statuesfrom Catalogue B wear this wig. 94 They range in date from the
last years of the reign of Pepi 11at the earliest up to the end of the Old
Kingdom.
W. 8a As W.8, but coveringthe ears.(Fig. I a)
One statue from Catalogue B wears this wig, No. B62, which dates to the
last years of the reign of Pepi II at the earliest.
No representationsof statueswear this wig, nor do any stone statues.
W.9 Echelon-curl wig in vertical rows. One long row to forehead,then several
shorter.Coveringthe ears.(Fig. I a)
One statue from Catalogue C wears this wig, No. C 15. It cannot be securely
dated.
There are no represeniationsof statuesor stone statuesin this wig.
W. 10 Echelon-curl wig in vertical rows with the fringe divided from the rest of the
hair, and covering the ears.(Fig. I c)
One statuefrom CatalogueB, No. B27, wearsthis wig.

No representationsof statueswear this wig, nor do there appearto be any
Female
Wf. 1 Shoulder-length wig, striated and flared, with a parting and covering the
95
ears. (Fig.2a)
93 CataloaueNo. A126.
c
94 CataloaueNos. B61,63,74-75.
Cý
27
Four statuesfrom CatalogueA wearthis wig, rangingin datefrom Dynasty
IV to the reign of Unas.96
Most Old Kingdom stone statueswear this type of wig. 97On the oldest
examplesit reachesthe level of the breasts.Apparently no two-dimensional
representationswear it, althougha smoothvariant revealing the ears does
appear. Six representations of statues wear the smooth wig revealing the
98
ears. it is possible that they once had painted striations.
Five statues from Catalogue B wear this wig. 99 They all date to the reign of
Unas.
Wf. la As WEI, but not flared. (Fig. 2a)
One statuefrom CatalogueA dating to the reign of Unas wears this wig. 100
No representations of statues wear this wig. It is known on stone statues
from the Old Kingdom. 101
No statuesfrom eitherCatalogueB or C wearUs wig.
Wf. 2 Tripartite wig, that is, a wig which has two bunches forward over the
shoulders,andthe remainderof the hair hangingdown the back.It is striated,
hasa parting,andcoversthe ears.102(Fig. 2b)
One statuefrom CatalogueA wears this wig, dating to the reign of Unas. 103
Stone statuesand reliefs of queensand goddessesusually wear this wig. It is
rare on statuesof high-bom ladies.104No representationsof statueswear it.

95 Vandier,. 41anuel, 104-105, Shoukhry, SASAE
15,85; Staehelin, Tracht, 180, F2.
96 CaWoSue Nos. A4,7,22,
and 30.
97 E. Cairo CG 4: Salch/Sourouzian, Egyptian Museum, No. 27; Vandier, Manuel,
g. PI. XIV, I
(from the tomb of Queen Meresankh 111);Louvre A. 109: op. cit., PI. XV, 5; Cairo JE 72214 & CG
50: op. cit., P). XIX, 2,3; Leiden D. 125: op. cit., PI. XXXIV, 1; etc.
98 Eaton-KraussNos. 1.3,30,40,58,
and 59.
99 CatalogueNos. B 1,3-4,9-10. B 10 is
the female figure*in a pair statue.
100CatalogueNo. A3 1.
101E. Louvre E 25368.,Vandier,
g. op. cit., Pl. XXVII, 5; Giza 48: op. cit., Pl. XXVIII, 4, etc.
102
op. cit., 104-105;Staehelin,Tracht, 180-181, F3(b).
103CatalogueNo. A32.
28
Wf. 2a A smooth tripartite wig, revealing the ears. (Fig. 2b)
Two statuesfrom CatalogueA dating to the end of the Old Kingdom wear
this wig. 105
No representations
of statuesweart1fiswig. One stonestatue 106
does.
Two statuesfrom CatalogueB 107andone from CatalogueC 108wear this
wig. They all date to the end of the Old Kingdom.
Wf. 2b Striated tripartite wig, revealing the ears.(Fig. 2b)
One statuefrom CatalogueC, No. C5, wearsthis wig. It datesto the endof
the Old Kingdom.
of statueswear this wig. This wig is wom by queensand
No representations
goddessesthroughout the Old Kingdom, 109 and occasionally appearson
stonestatuesof women. I 10
WU Bagwig, covering the ears. (Fig. 2a)
One statue from Catalogue A dating to the reign of Merenre wears this
111
wig.
stone statuesor two-dimensional representationswearing it.
No statuesfrom either Catalogue B or C wear this wig.
104 181; British Museum EA 24619: Vandier, Manuel, PI. XV, 2.

op. cit., e.g.
105 Catalogue Nos. A 102
and 117.
106 Cairo CG 135:Borchardt, Statuen 1,10 1, Pl. 30.
107 Catalogue Nos. B67-68.
108 Catalogue No. C7.
Cý
109 For
example, Cairo JE 40679: Saleh/Sourouzian, Egyptian Museum, No. 33.
110 For
example, Berlin 14108: Vandier, Manuel, Pl. XXV, 6.
111 Catalogue No. A49.
29
Wf3a Bagwig,revealingthe ears.(Fig. 2a)
One statuefrom CatalogueB wears this wig, No. B73, which datesto the
endof the Old Kingdom.
No representations of statues or stone statues wear this wig. Two-
often wearthe close-fitting naturalcoiffure, but
dimensionalrepresentations
that is muchlessfull thanthe bagwig,andshouldnot be confusedwith it.
Wf. 3b Bagwigrevealingthe earlobes.(Fig. 2a)
One statuefrom CatalogueA, datingto the end of the Old Kingdom, wears
this wig. 112
There are no representationsof statues, or stone statues or two-dimensional
of womenwearingthis wig.
representations
WfA Short,echelon-curlwig, revealingthe ears.(Fig. 2b)
Five statues from Catalogue A dating to the end of the Old Kingdom wear
this wig. 113
There are no stone or two-dimensional representations of women or of
statuesin this wig.

One statuefrom CatalogueB wears this wig. 114It dates to the end of the Old
Kingdom.
WfAa As WL4, but revealingthe earlobes.(Fig. 2b)
15
One statuefrom Catalogue B wears this wig-' It datesto the end of the Old
Kingdom.
of statuesor stone in
statues this wig.
112Catal
ogueNo. A 127.
113CatalogueNos. A 118-20,122,
and 125.
114CatalogueNo. B69.
30
WfAb As WL4, coveringthe ears.(Fig. 2a)
end of the Old Kingdom.

There are no representationsof statuesor stone statuesin this wig.
Wf. 5 Short,close-fittingnaturalcoiffure.Revealingthe ears.(Fig. 2b)
Three statuesfrom Catalogue A wear this wig. 116They all date to the end of
the Old Kingdom.
Four representationsof statueswear this coiffure. 117Three of them date to
the period between the reign of Menkaure and the reign of Userkaf, and one
(No. 53) to the first half of the reign of Pepi H. I have bo unable to find any
stone statuesin this wig.
reign of Unas.
Wf. 6 Tripartite type of wig made up of echelon-curls. It is very short behind and
reveals the ears. (Fig. 2b)
One statue from Catalogue C wears this wig, No. C6, which is dated to the
end of the Old Kingdom.

No representation of a statue wears this wig. There appear to be no stone
statuesin this wig.
WV Shon, flared, echelon-curl wig, vertical layers, revealing the earlobes.

(Fig. 2b)
One statuefrom CatalogueB, No. B70, wearsthis wig.

No representations of statues, or stone statues, or two-dimensional
of women,appearto be wearingthis wig.
representations
116CatalogueNos. A 121,123,
and 124.
117Eaton-KraussNos. 2,6,53,
and 62.
31
DRESS
Malc
D.1 Knee-length, wrap-over kilt, with a rolled belt and a double hem on the
crossflap.(Fig. 3)
Threestatuesfrom CatalogueA, datingfrom the reign of Snefruto the reign

of Unas,havethis type of kilt. CatalogueNo. A 19is longerthanthe other
two.
of statueswearingthis kilt, andit is very rareon
119
stonestatues. It is perhapsa forerunnerof the projecting-panelkilt (D.3
below).
No statuesfrom eitherCatalogueB or C wearthis kilt.
D.2 The half-goffered kilt, the so-cafledGalaschurz.120(Fig. 3)
Staehelinand Eaton-Kraussdiscussthis kilt in somedetail andconsiderthat

any skirt which has either of two definitive features, namely, the curved
cross-flapand the protruding tab, is to be consideredto be this type. Thus,
Eaton-Krausslists twenty-ninerepresentationsof statuesin this kilt, dating
from the reign of Nyuserre into that of Pepi 11.121This type is the most
for
popular representations andstonestatuesof the tomb owner in Dynasties
V and VI'122 but towards the end of Dynasty VI the projecting-panelkilt
(D.3 below) slowly beginsto replaceit on therepresentations.
Staehelin suggests that the half-goffered kilt has a religious
123
significance. It appearsmost frequently in scenesof the deceasedentering
118CatalogueNos. A 1,3,
and 19.
119 Shoukhry, SASAE 15,82,11,1 (b). Examples include Cairo JE 10064
and JE 66919:
Saleh/Sourouzian,Egyptian Museum,Nos. 46 and 50 respectively.
120 Vandier, Manuel, 108-109; Staehelin, Tracht, 11-30,1 A 11(b); Eaton-Krauss,
Representations,30, §34 and 118n. 635.

121Eaton-KraussNos. 15,19,42,54-55,65-66,68,76,82,87,93-96,102,104-105,106,108,112-
114,117,139,146-147,156-157.
122 E. Cairo JE 44174: Salch/Sourouzian,Egyptian Museum,No. 54 Hildesheirn Inv. Nr. 42:
g. and
Eggebrecht,AR, No. 15.
32
or leaving the tomb, inspectingthe offerings, and in the offering tableand
false door scenes.In addition, it is often worn under the panther skin, a
priestly robe.As suchit would be the idealcostumefor a statuedesignedasa
sparebody for the ba. According to Staehelin,the belt appearsto havehad
in
somesignificance the change from boyhood 124
to manhood. It is only
worn with this kilt, and may be a symbol of manhood. The close links
betweendeathandinitiation,involving the deathof the old self andthe rebirth
of the new,canaccountfor the markedpreferencefor this kilt throughoutthe
Old Kingdom. It is never worn for inspectingthe activities of daily life, or
for scenesof huntingor fishing.
Thirty-onestatuesfrom CatalogueA havekilts which can be described
as half-goffered based on the above criteria. However, as they differ
considerably from each other they have been divided into several sub-
categories. All of them have a belt. It is possible that the more elaborate
decorative elements were once present in either paint or painted plaster and
that this is no longer extant on some statues. Some of the older examples
show that a thick layer of plaster carried all the features, rather than the
underlying wooden surface. 125
Fourteenstatuesfrom CatalogueA wear the classichalf-gofferedkilt, with

the roundedcross-flap,the protrudingtab on the left handside of the navel,
and an elaborateknot. They range in date from the reign of Snefru to the
reign of Pepi1.126
One statuefrom CatalogueB, No. B2, wearsthis kilt. The figure datesto the
transitionperiodof the reign of Isesito the reign of Unas.
D.2a Half-gofferedkilt, roundedcross-flap,protrudingtab,but no knot. (Fig. 3)
Eight statuesfrom CatalogueA wearthis type,datingfrom the reign of Unas

up to the endof DynastyV1.127
123 Staehelin,Tracht, 20-28.
124 28.
op. cit.,
125E. CatalogueNo. A 14.
g.,
126CatalogueNos. A2,5,9-11,14-15,18,24,33,35,40-42.
33
No representations of statues wear this kilt, but it is known on stone
128
statues.
Five statuesfrom CatalogueB wear this kilt, 129ranging in date from the
rcign of Unasto the endof the Old Kingdom.
D.2b Kilt with protrudingtab,no knot, no goffersand no roundedcrossflap.

(Fig. 3)
Six statuesfrom Catalogue A dating from the reign of Unas to the end of the
Old Kingdom wear this kilt. 130
Five representationsof statueswear this version. 131They range in date from
the reign of Isesi to the reign of Pepi 11.
It is also known 132
on stone statues.
One statue from Catalogue B wears this kilt, 133dating to the middle or end
of the reign of Pepi 11.
D.2c Half-gofferedkilt, roundedcross-flap,no knot, no protrudingtab. (Fig. 3)
Three statues from Catalogue A wear this kilt, one dating to the period
covering the reigns of Pepi I and 134
Merenre, and the othersto the end of
DynastyV1.135
Two representations
of statueswear this 136
version, the former dating to the
reign of Nyuserre, and the latter to the reign of Isesi. It is also known on
]
stone statues. 37
127 Catalogue Nos. A 16-17,82,92-96.

128 E.
g. Hildesheim Inv. Nr. 12: Eggebrecht, AR, No. 11; Inv. Nr. 2144: op. cit., No. 26.
129 Catalogue Nos. B 10,14-15,63, is in
and 75. Catalogue No. B 10 the male a pair statue.
130 Catalogue Nos.
A27-28,55,74-75, and 106.
131 Eaton-Krauss Nos.
19,113-114,146-147.
132 Hildesheim
Inv. Nr. 2141: Seipel, Agypten, No. 35; Cairo JE 87804: Saleh/Sourouzian,
Egyptian Museum, No. 56.
133 Catalogue
No. B45.
134 Catalogue
No. A45.
135
Catalogue Nos. A99 and 100.
136
Eaton-Krauss Nos. 68 and 82.
137
E.g. Cairo CG 151: Vandier, Manuel, Pl. XXVII, 2.
34
Three statues from Catalogue B wear this kilt, 138all dating to the last years
of the reign of Pepi 11at the earliest.
D.2d Half-gofferedkilt, roundedcross-flap,elaborateknot andno protrudingtab.

(Fig. 3)
Three statues from Catalogue A wear this kilt, dating to the reigns of
Merenre and Pepi 11.139
No representations of statues wear this kilt, but it is known on stone
140
statues.
One statuefrom Catalogue B wears this kilt, No. B8, which datesto the reign
of Unas.
D.2e Kilt with rounded cross-flap and protruding tab, no goffers and no knot.
(Fig. 3)
Threestatuesfrom CatalogueA dating from the middle and endof the reign
of Pepi11wearthis kilt. 141
Four representations 142
of statueswear this version, rangingin datefrom the
reign of Isesito the reign of Pepi 11.
on stonestatues.
One statue from Catalogue B wears this kilt, No. B44, which dates to the
middle or the endof the reign of Pepi 11.
D. 2f Kilt with rounded cross-flap, no protruding tab, no goffers, and no knot.

(Fig. 3)
Two statuesfrom CatalogueA, onedatingto the secondhalf of the reign of

Pepi11,andthe otherto the endof the Old Kingdom,wearthis kilt. 144
138CatalogueNos. B58,61-62.
139CatalogueNos.A51-53.
140E. HildesheimInv. Nr. 2: Eggebrecht,AR, No. 25.
g.
141CatalogueNos. A69-70
and72.
and 139.
143 E. Hildesheim Inv. Nr. 417: Eggebrecht,AR, No. 27; Cairo CG 172: Vandier, Manuel, Pl.
g.
XIX, 4.
35
Ten representationsof statueswear this version. 145They range in date from
the reign of Nyuserre to the reign of Pepi 11.1 have been unable to find a
stone statue with this version.
Four statues from Catalogue B wear this kilt, 146ranging from the reign of
Pepi I to the end of the Old Kingdom. One statue from Catalogue C, No. C8,
wears this version. It dates to the end of the Old Kingdom.
D.2g Kilt with protruding tab on the right hand side of the navel, no knot, no
goffers,and no roundedcross-flap.(Fig. 3)
Two statuesfrom Catalogue A wear this kilt, dating to the end of the reign of
Pepi 11or later.147
No representationsof statueswear this kilt but at least one representation of
the tomb owner does.148 1have not found any stone statueswith this variant.
No statuesfrom either Catalogue B or C wear this kilt.
D.2h Kilt with protrudingtab on the right handsideof the navel,a roundedcross-
flap, and perhapsa secondcross-flaprunning to the left thigh, no knot, no
goffers.(Fig. 3)
One statue from Catalogue A, No. A97, has this kilt. It datesto the end of the
reign of Pepi 11at the earliest.

No representations of statues wear this kilt and I have not found any stone
statueswith this variant either.

No statuesfrom either CatalogueB or C wear this kilt.
D.2i Kilt with elaborateknot andcross-flap,no goffers or protrudingtab. (Fig. 3)
One statuefrom CatalogueB wearsthis kilt. No. B7 datesto the reign of

144Catalogue
Nos.A71and104.
145Eaton-Krauss
Nos.15,54,65-66,87,93,95-96,156-157.
146Catalogue
Nos.B16,43,46,64.
147CatalogueNos.A77
and98.
148Stachelin,
Tracht,Abb. 13.
36
Unas.
Two representationsof statueswear this kilt. 149They date to the reign of
Nyuserre and to the reign of Teti. I have beenunable to find any stone statues
in this variant.
D. 2j Upper part of kilt with plain belt and protruding tab.
One statuefrom CatalogueB, No. B 11,wearsthis kilt. It datesto the reignof

Unas.
D. 2k Kilt with elaborateknot, cross-flap, and protruding tab, no goffers. (Fig. 3)
One statuefrom CatalogueB and one from CatalogueC wear this kilt. No.
B41, dates to the middle or end of the reign of Pepi 11.No. CI dates to
DynastyV.
Threerepresentationsof statueswear this kilt. 150They dateto the Nyuserre-
Isesitransitionperiod.It is alsoknown on stonestatues.151
D. 3 Projecting-panelkilt, knee-length.152(Fig. 3)
Four statues from Catalogue A wear a knee-length, orjust below the knee,
projecting-panel kilt. They range in date from the reign of Nyuserre to that of
pepi 1.153
Thirty-six representations of statues wear this kilt, ranging in date from the
reign of Nyuserre to that of Pepi 11.154
149Eaton-KraussNos. 94
and 112.
150Eaton-KraussNos. 102,105-106.
151 Eg. Hildesheim Inv. Nr. 419: Seipel, Agypten, No. 33; Boston MFA 12.504: Vandier, Manuel,
Pl. XLIV, 6.
152 Vandier, Manuel, 109-110; Staehelin, Tracht, 9-11. Staehelin does
not differentiate according
to length and says that this kilt was exceedingly popular in Dynasties V and VI. This appears to be
true for relief representations rather than for statues. The latter are very rare. Examples are
Hildesheirn Inv. Nr. 3190: Eggebrecht, AR, No. 20, in relief; and Cairo JE 66620: Vandier,
Manuel, Pl. XXXIII, 1, a statue group.
153 Catalogue Nos. A6,20,25,
and 39.
154 Eaton Krauss Catalogue Nos. 36-37,39,41,44,63-64,67,75,78-81,83,90,92,99-100,107,
37
Two statues from Catalogue B wear this kilt. 155One dates to the reign of
Pepi 11and the other to the end of the Old Kingdom. Two statues from
C
Catalogue wear this kilt. 156Both statuesdate to late in the reign of Pepi 11
or later.
D.3a kilt, mid-calf length.(Fig. 3)

Projecting-panel
Twenty-four statuesfrom CatalogueA wear this kilt, ranging in datefrom

the reign of Teti, through to the end of the Old Kingdom. 157It initially
replacesthe shorter version, but late in the reign of Pepi 11the two appear
alongsideeachother.
Only four representations of statueswear the mid-calf lengthprojecting-panel
kilt, ranging in date from the reign of Unas to the reign of Pepi 1.158No
stonestatuesappearto wearthis kilt.
Thirteenstatuesfrom CatalogueB wearthis kilt. 159They rangein datefrom
thereignof Teti to the lastyearsof Pepi11or slightly later.
DA Nude,circumcisedmale.
There appear to be only circumcised statues from the Old Kingdom in

Catalogue A, although one example, Catalogue No. A 12, is too damaged to
determine. When nude statues from the Old and the Middle Kingdom are
examined, they show that statues from the same tomb are consistent with
each other. That is, if is
one statue circumcised, all the others from the same
tomb are also circumcised; if one is uncircumcised, the others are consistent
with that. CatalogueNo. A 12 comes from a tomb from which the other nude
statue is a circumcised one, and thus it also is probably circumcised. There
are twelve statueswhich are nude, ranging in date from the reign of Unas to
that of Pepi 11.160The ratio of nude to clothed statues is between one in ten
109-111,116,118,123,125-126,132-133,135,138,141,143,145,150, and 153.

155CatalogueNos. B56
and 74.
156CatalogueNos. C2
and 3.
157CatalogueNos. A38,43-44,50,56-57,61-62,64-66,76,83-91,105,108-109.
and 152.
159CatalogueNos. B 13,17,26,28,33,38-39,53-55,57,59-60.
38
andonein eleven.
There are five representations of statues which are circumcised,
ranging in datefrom the reign of Nyuserre to the reign of Teti, 161andtwo
which are uncircumcised, dating to the reign of Pepi 11.162One is
indeterminate,and as it is the only one from its tomb it cannotbe deduced
163
either. Nude stone statues from the Old Kingdom also appearto be
164
circumcised.
It is possiblethat the nudestatueswereoriginally suppliedwith linen
garments.However,wheneverlinen garmentshavesurvivedon a statue,that
statuehashada short,plain, white, paintedskirt on underneath.
Three statuesfrom Catalogue B are nude and circumcised.165They date
from the reign of Teti andthe reign of PepiIl.
D.4a Nude male, missing the phallus.
Three statuesfrom CatalogueB cannotbe classifiedbecausethe phallus is

missing or broken.166The first datesto the reign of Teti, the secondto the
transitionperiodbetweenMerenreand Pepi II, and the third to the reign of
Pepi 11.A fourth statuefrom CatalogueB was not seenby me so could not
167
be classified.
Onerepresentation of a nudestatueis missingthe phallus,Eaton-KraussNo.
46, datingto the transitionperiodfrom the reign of Teti to that of Pepi1.
-
DAb Nude,uncircumcisedmale,probablyboy.
One statue from Catalogue B and four from Catalogue C are nude and
160 Catalogue Nos. A12-13,21,26,29,36,46-48,54,67,
and 68.
161 Eaton-Krauss Nos. 27-28,34-35,
and 43.
162 Eaton-Krauss Nos. 154
and 155.
163 Eaton-Krauss No. 46,
temp. Teti - Pepi L
164 E. Vienna, Kunsthistorisches Museum Inv. Nr. 7506:, Seipel, Bilder, No. 34.
g.
165 Catalogue Nos. B 12,34,
and 40.
166 Catalogue Nos. B6,2 1,
and 23.
167 Catalogue No. B50.
39
uncircumcised. 168B37 can be dated to the reign of Pepi 11.169
Two representations of statues are nude and uncircumcised. 170They both
date to the first half of the reign of Pepi H. Sons accompanying their parents
in groupstatuesareuncircumcised.
D.5 A plain, abovethe kneeskirt, with a simplebelt. (Fig. 3)
One statuefrom Catalogue A wears this skirt, dating to the reign of Unas.171
It is possible that it once had the painted decoration of a half-goffered kilt
with no protruding tab.

This skirt is not worn by any of the representations of statues, but some
do
stone statues wear it. 172
Two statues from Catalogue B 173and one from Catalogue C 174wear this
skirt. B 19 dates to the reign of Pepi I- Merenre, B42 to the end of the reign
of Pepi 11.No date can be assignedto C15.
D.5a As D.5, but with an invertedV-shapein front. (Fig. 3)
One statue from Catalogue B wears this skirt, No. B22, which dates to the
transitionperiodof the reignMerenreto that of Pepi11.

No representations of statuesor stonestatueswearthis type.
D. 6 A plain, above the knee skirt with no decorative elementsat all. (Fig. 3)
Seventeenstatuesfrom CatalogueA wearthis skirt, ranging in datefrom the

reignof Teti to the endof the Old Kingdom.175
168CatalogueNos. B37, C9-12.

169 B37 is
unusualin that it showsnone of the other characteristicsof a boy, finger to mouth or
side-lock, being very adult in form.
170 Eaton-Krauss Nos. 154-155.
172E. flildesheirn Inv. Nr. 13: Eggebrecht,AR, No. 14.
g.
173CatalogueNos. B 19
and 42.
174CatalogueNo. C15.
175CatalogueNos. A37,58-60,63,73,79-81,101,110-116.
40
Thirty representationsof statueswear this skirt, ranging in date from the
reignof Menkaureto that of pepi 11.176 on stonestatues.
from
Fifteen statues Catalogue B wear this kilt. 178They rangein datefrom
the reign of Pepi I to the end of the Old Kingdom. One statue from
CataloaueC, C4, datingto the endof the Old Kingdom, wearsthis skirt.
C)
Female
Df. 1 Sheathdresswith a V-shaped bodice, covering the breasts.179(Fig. 5)
One statuefrom CatalogueA dating to late Dynasty IV wears this dress.18()

Two representationsof statueswear it, one dating to the reign of Menkaure
the to the Teti-Pepi I period. 181It is the most common costume on
and other
Old Kingdom. 182
stone statuesand reliefs of women throughout the
No statuesfrom either CatalogueB or Catalogue C wear this dress.
Df. 2 Sheathdresswith no visible bodice.183(Fig. 5)
Sevenstatuesfrom CatalogueA wear this dress,ranging in date from the

reign of Nyuserre to the end of the Old Kingdom. 184Some or all of them
may originally havehad paintedshoulderstrapswhich havenot survivedthe
passageof time.
Threestatuerepresentations
wear this dress,dating from the reign of Unas
through to the reign of Pepi 1.185It is a type also frequently wom by stone
176Eaton-KraussNos. 4-5,7,11-14,17,20-21,23-26,33,38,45,47,85-86,89,91,97-98,121-122,
124,131,137, and 148.
177E. Louvre N. 2290:Vandier,Manuel,Pl. XVIII, 4-5.
g.
178CatalogueNos. B24,27,29-32,35-36,47-49,51-52,65-66.
179 110-111;Staehelin,
Tracht, 166-169,IIA.
op. cit.,
180CatalogueNo. A4.
181Eaton-KraussNos. 6
and 128.
182 E. Cairo JE 66619: Saleh/Sourouzian, Egyptian Museum 50; JE 66617: op. cit., 51;
g.
HildesheimInv. Nr. 418: Eggebrecht,AR, No. 27; etc.
183 Vandier,Manuel, 110-111;Staehelin,Tracht, 167.
184CatalogueNos. A7,22,30-32,102,
and 117.
41
statuesand reliefs of women. 186In all of these casesthere is the possibility
that the strapswere originally painted on.
Two statuesfrom Catalogue B wear this dress.187B 10 dates to the reign of
Unas, B68 to the end of the Old Kingdom.
DU Nudefemale,legstogether.
There are eight statuesfrom CatalogueA in this category, one of which dates
to the reign of Merenre, 188 and all the others to the end of the Old
Kingdom. 189All of the statuesexcept the first come from tombs where the
owner is a female. The statuesare presumedto be statuesof the tomb owner.

Catalogue No. A49, however, comes from the tomb of a male, and it is
possible that she is a figure of a concubine or a servant, rather than

necessarily being the tomb owner's wife. There are unfortunately no
examples of nude females from tombs of males inscribed with names and
titles confirming their exact status. The problem is compounded by the fact
that nude female figures in stoneare confined to children. Representationsof
nude statuesdo exist, but this could easily be due to the disappearanceor lack
of painted garments. It is possible that the nude statueswere once clothed in
actual linen garments, but no traces of them have ever been found dating to
the Old Kingdom, although they are known in the Middle Kingdom. 190
There are six representationsof statues in this group, ranging in date
from the reign of Shepseskafto that of Pepi 11.191None of them show any
trace of garments. I have been unable to find any examples of nude stone
female statues,besideschildren as part of family groups. 192
Seven statuesfrom Catalogue B193and three from CatalogueC194are nude.
185Eaton-Krauss
Nos.30,40,and129.
186 E. Cairo JE 40679: Saleh/Sourouzian, Egyptian Museum, No. 33; Hildesheim
g. Inv. Nr. 1:
Eggebrecht,AR, No. 13; etc.
187 CatalogueNos. BIO
and 68. BIO is the femalein a pa.ir statue.
189CatalogueNos. A 119-125.
190E. Louvre E 20576:Delange,Catalogue,188-189.
g.
191Eaton-KraussNos. 1-3,50,58,
and 59.
192E. Cairo JE 51820: Saleh/Sourouzian,EgyptianMuseunz,No. 39.
g.
42
B9 datesto the reign of Unas, all of the others date to the end of the Old
Kingdom.
DfA Sheathdress,no bodice, left leg advanced.
One statue from Catalogue A dating to the end of the Old Kingdom has her
195
left leg advanced.
There are no representations of statues with this posture, but stone statues
often have their left leg 196
advanced.
Two statuesfrom Catalogue B wear this dress.197They both date to the reign
of Unas.
Df. 5 Nude female, left leg advanced.
Thereis onestatuefrom CatalogueA in this category,datingto the endof the

Old Kingdom. 198
Thereareno 2-dimensionalrepresentations
of statuesor of women,or stone
statuesof womenin this category.
No statuesfrom either CatalogueB or CatalogueC arenudewith the left leg
advanced.
Df. 6 Too dama(yed

to determinedress.
Two statuesfrom CatalogueB are in this category,Nos. B4 and B5. They

both dateto the reign of Unas.
193CatalogueNos. B9,67,69-73.
194CatalogueNos. C5-7.
195CatalogueNo. A 118.
196 E. Boston MFA 11.738: Vandier, Manuel, PI. V, 3; Worcester 1934.48:
g. op. cit., Pl. XVIL 2;
Cairo JE 72214: op. cit., Pl. XIX, 2; etc.
197CatalogueNos. BI
and 3.
43
ARMS
Male
A. 1 Arms pendant,each hand clasping a Steinkem.199(Fig. 6a)
Fourteenstatuesfrom CatalogueA hold their armsin this way, datingfrom

the reignof Snefruup to the endof DynastyV1.200
No representations of statues hold their arms like this. Most stone statues
claspSteinkenteý01
Six statuesfrom Catalogue B hold their arms in this manner.202They range
in date from the reign of Unas to the end of the Old Kingdom.
A. la As A. 1, but missing one arm or hand.
Four statuesfrom Catalogue B fall into this category.203B43 is missing his

left arm, so the arms could also be originally type A. 3a. The other three must
belong to this category becauseeven though they miss a right arm or one or
other hand, there is no other category which would match their extant
positioning. They range in date from the middle of the reign of Pepi 11to just
after the end of that reign.
A. 2 The right ann is parallel to the right side, the left arm is bent across the chest
with the lower arm angled up towards the right shoulder. The left hand is a
naturalfist, the tight is holdinga Steinkem.(Fig. 6a)
One statuefrom CatalogueA datingto the reign of Snefruholds his armsin

199 Spiegelberg,RT 28 (1906), 174-176; Shoukhry, SASAE 15,127-8; Vandier, Manuel,
62, I(c);
Staehelin, Tracht, 161; Fischer, MMJ 10 (1975), 9-21; Hassan Stdcke; Eaton-Krauss,
Representations,8-9, esp. notes35 and 40.
200 CatalogueNos. A 1.18-19,26,40-41,47,62,93-95,97-98,
and 106.
201 E. Cairo JE 10063
g. and JE 10064: Saleh/Sourouzian,
Egyptian Museum,Nos. 45-46; JE 87804:
op. cit., No. 56; etc.
202 CatalogueNos. B7-8,12,15,54,75.
203CatalogueNos. B46,48,59,63.
44
this manner. 204
No representations of statues but there are some examples of stone

205
statues.
One statue from Catalogue B is in this category. It is the male in a pair statue,
No. B 10. It dates to the reign of Unas.
A. 2a Right ann parallel with a pierced fist, the left is held up across the chest with
the hand open. (Fig. 6a)
One statuefrom CatalogueA dating to the reign of Unas holds his armsin
206
this manner.
No representations
of statuesor stonestatueshold their arrnsin this manner.
No statuesfrom eitherCatalogueB or CatalogueC belongto this category.
A. 2c Only the upper part of the left arm is extant, but the slot in the elbow implies
that the forearm was held acrossthe chest.
Onestatuefrom CatalogueB belongsto this category,No. B 11,which dates

to the reign of Unas.
A. 3 The tight ann is pendant,the left is bentforwardat the elbow. Both handsare
piercedfists. (Fig. 6a)
This is the manner of holding the arms when a walking staff and sceptreare
the attributes. It is a posture confined to wooden statuesand two-dimensional
representationsof the tomb owner and his 207
statues.
Twenty-four statues from Catalogue A hold their arms in this way, and
although most are now missing their attributes, these are generally
consideredto have been the walking staff and the sceptre.However, there are
significantly more extant staffs than sceptres, so we should be careful when
assuming that the second attribute was always the sceptre, even though the
204Catalogue
No. A2.
205Eg.CairoCG 176:Vandier,Manuel,Pl. XXVI, 3.
206Catalogue No. A29.
207
op.cit.,90,XVI D.
45
representationsshow that the sceptrewas the usual accompaniment.The
statuesrange in date from late Dynasty IV through to the end of Dynasty
V1.208
Therearethirty-ninerepresentations of statueswith the staff andsceptre,both
seatedand striding, or with their arms in this posture but missing one or
in 209
otherattributeto show that they are an unfinishedstate. They rangein
datefrom the reign of Menkaureto that of Pepi11.
Five statuesfrom CatalogueB210and one from CatalogueC211hold their
arms in this manner. They range in date from the reign of Teti to the last
yearsof Pepi11or slightly later.
A. 3a As A. 3, but with the right handclaspingtheSteink-em.

(Fig. 6a)
Four statuesfrom CatalogueA hold their armsin this manner,dating from

the reignof PepiI to thatof Pepi11.212
Two representations
of statueshavetheir right handsclosed,but they do not
be
appearto closedarounda 13
Steinkeniý
One statuefrom CatalogueB is in this category.214It datesto the reign of
Pepi 11.
A. 3b As A. 3, but the right handis a naturalfist. (Fig. 6a)
Two statuesfrom Catalogue B fall into this category.215The first datesto the
reign of Pepi I, the secondto the last years of Pepi 11at the earliest.
Two representations of statues appear to hold their right hand as a natural
208CatalogueNos.A3,5-6,10,13-17,20-21,24-25,35-36,38,45-46,54,59-60,77,92,and103.
209 Eaton-KraussNos.7,37,44-45,55-56,68,75,78,87-91,98,100,105-108,117-118,121-124,
126,132-133,138,141,143,145-148,150,154, and 155.The statuesmissingtheir staff areall
seated(Nos.56,117,and122)andarediscussed 16-17§14.
by Eaton-Krauss,
210CatalogueNos.B13,19,33,58,
and62.
211CatalogueNo.C3.
212CatalogueNos.A42,48,55,
and58.
213Eaton-KraussNos.4 and25.
215Catalogue
Nos.B 14and61.
46
f1st.216The former datesto the reign of Menkaure,the latter to thetransition
period of the reigns of Unas and Teti.
A3c As A. 3, but missingthe left forearm.
One statuefrom Catalogue B is in this situation. No. B24 datesto early in the
reign of Pepi 11.
A. 3d As A. 3, with the right hand as a natural fist and the left clasping a removable
plug of wood.
One statuefrom CatalogueB is in this situation,No. B27, which datesto the

reign of PepiH. The be
plug could easily the remainsof a staff.
A3c As. A. 3a, but missing the left forearm.
Two statuesfrom Catalogue B in 217One dates to the reign

are tWs situation.
of Pepi 1, the other to the reign of Pepi 11.
AA The arms are placed on the knees of a seated figure. The right hand is a
naturalfist with the thumb The

uppermost. left hand is open and held palm
downwardson the knee.(Fig. 7)
Three statuesfrom CatalogueA hold their arms and handsin this fashion,
datingfrom the reignof Unasto that of Pepi11.218
One representationof a statueholds its arms in this manner,dating to the
reign of Menkaure.219 Stone statues from Dynasties V and VI hold their
in
arms this way. 220
One statuefrom CatalogueB, No. B2, has its arms in this position.It dates
216 Eaton-KraussNos. 4
and 25.
217 CatalogueNos. B 16
and 37.
218 CatalogueNos. A 11,5 1,
and 73.
219 Eaton-KraussNo. 5. It is
a stonestatue.
220 They
also hold the Steinkern,e.g. Cairo JE 30273: Saleh/Sourouzian,Egyptian Museum, No.
44; JE 87805:op. cit., No. 56; etc.
47
to the transitionperiodof the reignsof IsesiandUnas.
A. 4a As A. 4, but with the fingers of the right fist downwards on the knee. (Fig. 7)
Thereis one statuefrom CatalogueA with this mannerof holding the arms
andhands, datingto the reignof 221
Unas.
There are no examples of representations of statues with this pose, but
severalseatedstone statueshave it. 222
No statuefrom eitherCatalogueB or CatalogueC fas into this category.,
A. 4b The arms are on the knees of a seatedfigure, but the hands are too damaged
to seewhat position they have.
One statue from Catalogue A dating to the middle or end of the reign of Pepi
Il is in this category.223
Onestatuefrom CatalogueB is in this situation,No. B45, which datesto the
middle or endof the reign of Pepi11.
A. 4c The arms are placed along the knees of a seatedfigure, with the right hand
open and with the palm downwards. The left hand is a natural fist with the
thumbuppermost.(Fig. 7)
One statue from Catalogue A dating to late in the reign of Pepi 11has this
224
pose.
There are five representationsof seatedstatues which have both hands open
with the palms downwards on the knees. 225 They range in date from the
reign of Menkaureto that of Pepi 11.Thereareno extantstatuesin stoneor

221CatalogueNo.A23.
222Cf. Shoukhry,SASAE15,56.His comment aboutthereonlybeing"archaic"statueswiththis
manner Museum
of holdingtheirhandsis not true.E.g. ViennaKunsthistorisches Inv. Nr. 8019:
Vandier,
Manuel,Pl.XXVII, 3; CairoCG 123:op.cit., Pl.XXIX, 5; CG21:op.cit.,Pl. XXXII, 5;
JE 66618:op. cit., Pl. XXXIV, 3; etc.
223 Catalogue
No. A74.
224 Catalogue
No. A 101.
and 157.They all depict stonestatues.
48
wood with this position for the handsandarmsbetweenDynastyIV andlate
Pepi 11in Dynasty VI. This is a position popular in the repertory for Dynasty
IV stone statues.226
No statuefrom either Catalogue B or CatalogueC falls into this category.
AM As A. 4, with the right fist clasping the Steinkem. (Fig. 7)
One statue from Catalogue B holds the hands in this manner, No. B44,
which dates to the middle or end of the reign of Pepi 11.
No representationsof statuesfall into this category. It is a common position
for stone statuesof the Old Kingdom. 227
A. 5 Both handsholding a papyrusroll in the lap. The handshold the roll open
and are resting on the thighs with the thumbs uppermost. This is the position
for readingratherthanwriting.
Two figures of scribes from Catalogue A dating to the reign of Unas hold
in
their arms this way. 228
Several Old Kingdom scribe statueshold their arms in this way. 229
There are no statuesin either CatalogueB or CatalogueC in this category.
A. 6 Anns held pendant,both handsarepiercedfists. (Fig. 6a)
Four statuesfrom Catalogue A ranging in date from the reign of Unas to the
end of the reign of Pepi Il hold in

their arms this way. 230They may all have
once held an attribute which is now missing in every case.

of statuesor stonestatueswith their arms in this
226 Cf. Shoukhry, SASAE 15,56. E. Cairo CG 650: Vandier, Manuel, Pl. XV, 6.
g.
227 For
example, Cairo JE 30273: Saleh/Sourouzian, Egyptian Museum, No. 44; JE 8780: op. cit.,
No. 56; CG 190: Vandier, Manuel, Pl. XXXI, 4; Louvre A 43: op. cit., Pl. XXXIII, 2; Hildesheim
Inv. Nr. 1962: Eggebrecht, AR, No. 3; etc.
228 Catalogue Nos. A27
and 28.
229 E. Cairo CG 56, CG 83 CG 171, Borchardt, Statuen I, Pls. 14,19 & 38. Cf. Vandier,
g. and
Manuel, 66 E.
and 7 1.
nLON' 49
IýBL
1ý
MON
UNIV
IV
posture.
One statue from Catalogue B, No. B41, belongs to this category. It dates to
the middle or end of the reign of Pepi 11.
A. 6a As A. 6, but with one arm missing.
There are two statuesfrom CatalogueA in this situation,one dating to the

periodfrom Merenreto PepiII, andtheotherto the latteryearsof Pepi11.231
Five statuesfrom CatalogueB belongto this category,232andthey could all
havebelongedoriginally to categoryA. 3. Unfortunately,without the bentleft
arm or a hole on the basefor a staff it is not possibleto allocatethemthere
with certainty.The statuesrangein datefrom the transition period from the
reign of Merenreto the reign of Pepi 11up to the end of the Old Kingdom.
One statuefrom CatalogueC, No. C2, is in this category.It datesto the end
of the reign of Pepi11or later.
A. 7 The armsare pendantwith the left handopen.The fingers of the right hand
are on the front surfaceof the projecting-panelkilt, with the thumb behind.
(Fig. 6b)
Seven statues from Catalogue A have their arms in this position, ranging in
date from the reign of Teti to the end of the Old Kingdom. 233
Four representations of statues have their arms in this position, ranging in
date from the reign of Nyuserre to that of Pepi 11.234No stone statues fall
into this category.
One statuefrom Catalogue B is in this category, No. B 17, which datesto the
reign of Pepi 1.
231Catalogue
Nos. A52 and 72.
232CatalogueNos. B22,32,42,60,65.
233 Catalogue
Nos. A39,43-44,61.66,83, and 105.
234 Eaton-KraussNos. 57,80,135,
and 153.
50
A. 7a Right handon front flap, left arm missing.
One statue from Catalogue A dating to the reign of Pepi 11has his arms in
this position.235
There are no representationsof statuesor stone statuesin Us category.

No statuefrom either Catalogue B or CatalogueC falls into this category.
A. 7b Right handon front flap, left handasa naturalfist. (Fig. 6b)
Five statuesfrom Catalogue A dating to the reign of Pepi 11or later have their
in 236
arms this position.
There are no representationsof statuesor stone statuesin this category.
One statuefrom Catalogue B is in this category, No. B39, which datesto the
reign of Pepi 11.
A. 7c Right hand on front flap, left arm crossedonto the chestand the left hand
open on the right hand side of the chest. (Fig. 6b)
One statuefrom Catalogue A dating to the end of the reign of Pepi 11has this
237
pose.
No statuefrom eitherCatalogueB or CatalogueC falls into this category.
A. 7d As A. 7, with the left hand clasping the Steinkem. (Fig. 6b)
Onestatuefrom CatalogueB falls into this category,No. B38, which datesto

the reign of Pepi II.
of statuesor stonestatuesin this category.
236 CatalogueNos. A65,84,86,88-89.

51
A.7e As A.7, but with the left handclaspedandpierced.(Fig. 6b)
One statuefrom CatalogueB is in this category,No. B53, which datesto the

last years of Pepi 11at the earliest.
No representations
of statuesor stonestatuesfall into this category.
AX As A. 7, but missing the left arm.
Onestatuefrom CatalogueB is in this category,No. B55, which datesto the

last yearsof Pepi11at the earliest.
A. 8 The armsarependant,the left handis openand the right is holding a tubeof

cloth at the kflt.
sideof the projecting-panel 238(Fig. 6b)
One statue from Catalogue A dating to the reign of Merenre, 239 and three
statuesdating to the of Pepi 11hold their in this 240

reign arms position.
Two statuesfrom Catalogue B are in this category.241They date to the reign
of Pepi 11.
A. 8a The armsareparallelto the sides,the left handis a natumlfist andthe right is

holdinga tubeof cloth at thesideof the projecting-panelkilt. (Fig. 6b)
Five statues from Catalogue A from the reign of Pepi II and later have their
in
an-ns this position.242
There are no representationsof statuesor stone statuesin tWs category.

Thereareno statuesin eitherCatalogueB or CatalogueC in this category.
238 Vandier,Manuel, 91, XVI E.

240 CatalogueNos. A56-57,
and 76.
and 28.
242 CatalogueNos. A85,90-91,108-109.
52
AM As A.8, with the left handclaspingthe Steink-em.
(Fig. 6b)

the last yearsof PepiH at theearliest.
Thereareno representations of statuesor stonestatuesin this category.
AS Arms are pendant,both handsarenaturalfists. (Fig. 6a)
The seventeenstatuesfrom Catalogue A in this category range in date from

the reign of Merenre to the end of the Old Kingdom. 243
Five representationsof statueshave this posture for their arms, and range in
date from the reign of Menkauhor to that of Pepi 1.244A further eleven
statueshave only one of their arms visible, with the hand a natural fist. It is
probable that the other, invisible, hand was held in 245
the samemanner. They
range in date from the reign of Nyuserre to year 15 of Pepi 11.There is
fist, depicting Nyuserre. 246
apparentlyonly one stone statuewith an empty
Five statuesfrom Catalogue B fall into this category.247They all date to the
reign of Pepi 11. One further statue from Catalogue B, No. B47, has a
damaged right hand. There is no doubt that the hand was once a natural fist,
however. The statuedatesto the end of the reign of Pepi 11or slightly later.
A. 9a As A. 9, but with one arm missing.
One statue from Catalogue A is in this category. No. A68 datesto the reign
of Pepi H.
Four statuesfrom Catalogue B belong to this category.248Three of them are
missing their right arms, and could also, therefore, have once belonged to
category AA B66 can only have been in this category. They range in date
243 CatalogueNos. A53,67,69,75,79-81,96,99-100,104,110-115.

and 8&
245 Eaton-KraussNos. I 1-14,23,27-28,34-35,46,
and 82.
246 Bothmer,MDAIK 30 (1974), 167.
247 CatalogueNos. B21,49-52.
248 CatalogueNos. B6,40,64,66.
53
from the reign of Unasto the endof the Old Kingdom.
A. 9b, As A. 9, but with a hole bored through the statuenear the right hand.
One statue from Catalogue B belongs to this category. Nos. B36 dates to the
reign of Pepi 11.
A. 10 The left arm is pendantwith the handa piercedfist. The right arm is crossed
up onto the chestwith thehandopenon the left handsideof the chest.
(Fig. 6a)
One statuefrom CatalogueA dating to the reign of Pepi 11has its arms in
249
this position.
250
7'hispositionis rarein the repertoryof stonestatues.
There are no statuesin either CatalogueB or CatalogueC in this category.
C
A. 1I Arms werependantbut arenow missing.

S
One statue from Catalogue A is in this situation, dating to the reign of Pepi
11.251
One statuefrom Catalogue C falls into this category, No. CK which cannot
be reliably dated.
A. 12 Arms pendant with the left hand as a natural fist and the right hand open.
(Fig. 6a)
Only one statue from Catalogue A holds his arms in this way, dating to the
the Old Kingdom. 252

endof
No representationsof statuesor stone statueshold their arms in this way.
No statuesfrom eitherCatalogueB or CatalogueC belongto this category.
a
250 E. Cairo JE 66620: Vandier, Manuel, Pl. XXXIII, 1, in
g. a pair statue mirror image of each
other. The pendanthand claspsthe Steinkern.
54
A. 12a Arms parallelwith the left handopenandthe right claspedandpierced.
(Fig. 6a)
Onestatuefrom CatalogueC falls into this category,No. C12.

It is not possible to discern this manner of holding the arms on
representationsof statues.Often only one hand is visible. No stonestatues
havea piercedfist.
A. 13 Left arm pendant with a pierced fist. The right ann is pendent to the elbow
and was then held forward. The forearm is now missing. (Fig. 6a)

A. 14 Arms pendant,with the left handclaspedarounda removableplug of wood.

This is not the Steinkern which is a finished part of the carving, but is
probably the remains of the shaft of anotherattribute. What that attribute
could be is a puzzle, none of the attributes listed up to now are held in a
pendantleft hand.The right handis openandis held forward.The thumband
index finger arenow broken,but wereinclined towardseachotherto form a
ring. (Fig. 6a)
One statuefrom Catalogue B falls into this category, No. B43, wWch datesto
the middle or endof the reign of PepiII.

A. 15 Arms pendant,both handsare open.(Fig. 6a)
Two statuesfrom CatalogueC have their arms in this position. 253

Six representations of statues have their arms with open hands by t eir
254
sides. They range in date from the reign of Isesi to the middle of the reign
253 CatalogueNos. C4
and C 11.
254 Eaton-Krauss Nos. 20-21,42-43,120,
and 142.
55
of Pepi 1.1 have beenunableto find any stonestatuesthat hold their hands
openby their sides.
A. 16 Arms pendant,the right handis holding the front edgeof a projecting-panel

kalt,while the left handis holdinga tubeof materialat the left side.(Fig. 6b)
One statuefrom Catalogue B falls into this category, No. B74, which datesto
the endof the Old Kingdom.

A. 17 The left ann is pendant with an open hand. The right arm is bent up at the
elbow and the index finger is restingon the lower lip. The restof the handis
fisted.(Fig. 6a)
Onestatuefrom CatalogueC falls into this category,No. CIO.

C,
No representationsof statueshold their arms in this way, but sonsin stone
groupstatuesoften do.255
A. 17a As A. 17,but the left an-nis broken.
Onestatuefrom CatalogueC is in this category,No. C9.
Female
AM Both armsmissing.
Only one statuefrom CatalogueA has both arms missing. 256
Four statues, two from Catalogue B257 and two from Catalogue C'258 are
255 For Cairo 51280: Saleh/Sourouzian, Egyptian Museum, No. 39; CG 202: Vandier,
example, JE
Manuel, Pl. XXX, 5; CG 55:ýBorchardt, Statuen,Pl. 14; etc.
and 70.
258 CatalogueNos. C6-7.
56
missing one arm. No. B5 datesto the reign of Unas,the othersto the endof
the Old Kingdom.
Af. 2 Onearm is pendantwith an openhand,the otherarm is missing.
Two statues from Catalogue A, 259 one from the reign of Nyuserre and the
other from the end of the Old Kingdom, fall into this category. It is likely that
the missing arm in both cases matched the extant one.
Three statues from Catalogue B260 and one from Catalogue C261 are in this
category. Nos. B3 and B4 date to the reign of Unas, the other two to the end
of the Old Kingdom.
AU Arms pendant,both handsopen.This is the mostcommonmeansof holding

the arms on all statues and representations of women in the Old
Kingdom.262
Fifteenstatuesfrom CatalogueA hold their armsin this way, datingfrom the

reignof Nyuserre to the endof the Old 263
Kingdom.
Threerepresentations of statues,dating from the reign of Shepseskafto the
reignof Pepi11hold in
their arms this way. 264
Sevenstatuesfrom CatalogueB hold their armsin this manner.265The first
two dateto the reigns of Nyuserreand Unas,respectively,the othersto the
259 CatalogueNos. A7
and 127.
260CatalogueNos. B34
and 68.
261 CatalogueNo. C5.
262 E. Cairo JE 87806: Saleh/Sourouzian,Egyptian Museum,No. 56; Hildesheirn Inv. Nr. 418:
g.
Eggebrecht,AR, No. 27; Boston MFA 30.1456: Vandier, Manuel, P1.XIII, 2; British Museum EA
24619: op. cit., Pl. XV, 2; Cairo JE 72214: op. cit., Pl. XIX, 2; Leiden RMO AST 9 (D 125): op.
cit., Pl. XXXIV, 1; etc.
263 CatalogueNos. A22,30-32,49,102,117-125.
264 Eaton-KraussNos. 2,6,
and 50.
265 CatalogueNos. B 1,9,67,69,71-73.
57
AfA Missing the right arm, which was probably parallel. The left arm is held
aroundthe husband.
One statuefrom CatalogueB, No. B 10, the femalein a pair statue,is in'this
category. She datesto the reign of Unas.
There are no representations of pair statues. Stone pair statues have the
woman holding her husband with the right arm paraHeland an open hand. 266
266 For
example: Berkeley, Lowic Museum of Anthropology 6-19775: op. cit., Pl. XXV, 4; Cairo
JE 35565: op. cit., Pl. XLL 4.
58
ACCESSORIES (both sexes)
Ac. 1 The Steinkemin both fists (males).267
Fifteen statuesfrom CatalogueA hold the Steinkemin their hands,ranging

in datefrom thereign of Snefruto the endof DynastyVI. 268
No representations of statues appearto belong to this group, but it is
for Old Kingdom. 269
common stonestatuesthroughoutthe
Six statuesfrom CatalogueB hold the Steinkem in both 270
f1sts. They range
in datefrom the reign of Unasto the endof the Old Kingdom.
Ac. 2 Inserted nipples (males).
Twenty-two statuesfrom CatalogueA have inserted nipples, usually of a

different colour wood.271It may be a different type of wood, but no tests
haveeverbeencarriedout. They rangein datefrom the reign of Snefru to the
end of DynastyVI.
This is not identifiable on representationsof statues,nor does it occur on
stonestatues.
Nineteenstatuesfrom CatalogueB have inserted 272
nipples. They rangein
datefrom the reign of Isesito the endof the Old Kingdom.
Ac.3 Walking staff (males).
Fifteen statuesfrom CatalogueA still have their walking staff, or have a

their original, very destroyedstaff.273They rangein
modemcopy replacing
datefrom the endof DynastyIV to the endof the reign of Pepi11.
267 See
the discussions by Fischer, MMJ 10 (1975), 9-21; and Eaton-Krauss, Representations, 8
n. 35.
268 CatalogueNos. AI-2,18-19,26,40-41,47,62,93-95,97-98, and 106.
269 E. Cairo JE 10063and JE 10064:Saleh/Sourouzian,
EgyptianMuseum,Nos. 45-46.
g.
270 CatalogueNos. B7-8,12,15,54,75.
271 CatalogueNos. A 1,9-10,16-18,20-21,23,28,36,40-42,44-46,54,82,109,111-112.
272 CatalooueNos. B2,6-8,12,24,28,33,38-39,48,57-63,75.
273 CatalogueNos. A3,14-16,20,24-25,42,46,48,54-55,59-60, and 77.
59
Seventyrepresentationsof statueshavea walking staff in their hand,ranging
in date from the reign of Menkaure to that of Pepi 11.274They are all
representationsof wooden statues275 and are both seatedand striding. The
only stone statuesknown to have a walking staff are those of Sepain the
Louvre,276which hold the staff againstthebody.
Two statuesfrom CatalogueB and one from CatalogueC have a walking
277
staff. They rangein datefrom the reignof Teti to the last yearsof PepiH
or slightly later.
AcA Waid eyes.
Eight male statues from Catalogue A have or once had inlaid eyes.278They
range in date from the end of Dynasty IV to early in the reign of Pepi 11.
They are usually of quartz and rock crystal, and the more elaborate ones are
set into copper sockets.

It is not possible to tell whether any of the representations of statues have
inlaid eyes.Many stone statues,both male and female, have inlaid eyes.279
Although in Catalogue A this was confined to male statues, two female
statuesfrom Catalogue C have inlaid 280

eyes. Four male statues,three from
Catalogue B and one from Catalogue C, also have them. 281They range in
date from the reign of Teti to the reign of Pepi 11.Catalogue No. C13 cannot
be reliably dated.
274 Eaton-Krauss Nos. 4,7,9-10,15,25,36-37,39,41,44-45,55,61,63,67-68,75,78,81,83-84,
87-92,94-95,98-100,105-114,117-118,121-126,131-134,138-141,143-148,150,152,154-156.
275 Eaton-Krauss, Representations,
57 §65.
276
Louvre A 37 and A 38: Ziegler, The Louvre, 24.
277 Catalogue Nos. B 13,19,
and Catalogue C3.
278 Catalogue Nos.
A5-6,13,27,37,43-44, and 54.
279
E. g. Louvre E 3023: Ziegler, The Louvre, 26 top; Cairo CG 3 and CG 4: Saleh/Sourouzian,
Egyptian Museum, No. 27.
280 Catalogue
Nos. C5 and C6, both of which date to the end of the Old Kingdom.
281
Catalogue Nos. B18,20,33 and C13.
60
AcS Sporranof tassels(males).
Four statues from Catalogue A have this elaborate decoration on their

kilts.282They date to the end of the reign of Nyuserre,the reign of Pepi 1,
and the reign of Pepi 11.
Many more may havehad it as a painteddecoration
which no longersurvives.
No representationsof statueswear a sporran,although it may have been
in decoration.
It is known 283
present the painted on severalstonestatues.
No statuesfrom eitherCatalogueB or CatalogueC arein this category.
Ac. 6 Black painted moustache (males). This is perhaps a strange feature to list
under accessoriesas they appear to be natural hair growth. However, as false

beards are definitely to be considered accessories,there is no other category
for them.
Five statuesfrom Catalogue A have 284

a painted moustache. They range in
date from the reign of Isesi to that of Pepi II.
No representation of a statue appears to have a moustache. It is a common
285
feature of stone statues.
No statuesfrom either Catalogue B or CatalogueC are in this category.
Ac.7 Naturalhair visible underwig (females).
Two statues from Catalogue A have their natural hair visible under their
286
wigs. They both date to the reign of Unas.
This feature is not visible on the representationsof statues,but is common on
287
stone statues.
and 77.
283 CL Staehelin, Tracht, 30-3 1; E. Cairo CG 47
g. and CG 119: Borchardt, Statuen 1.43 & 91,
Pis. 12 & 26.
284 Catalogue Nos. A8,15,27,41,
and 77.
285 E. Cairo CG 3: Saleh/Sourouzian, Egyptian Museum, No. 27; CG 133: No. 48; JE
g. op. cit.,
66617: op. cit., No. 51; etc.
286 Catalogue Nos. A22 30.
and
Cý
287 E. Cairo CG 4: Saleh/Sourouzian, Egyptian Museum, No. 27; JE 51280: No. 39; JE
g. op. cit.,
61
Two statuesfrom Catalogue B have their natural hair visible undertheir
288
wigs. One datesto the reign of Nyuserre,
the otherto the reign of Una.
s.
Ac. 8 Steinkent in left hand only (males).
Five statues from Catalogue A have this feature, one dating to the reign of
Unas and the others to the end of the reign of Pepi 11.289
It is not possible to determine whether any representations of statueshave
this feature. When only the profile is on view, it is generally assumedthat the
other hand is identical to the visible one. Seated stone statues have this
feature.290
Tbree statuesfrom CatalogueB are in this category.291They date to the reign
of Pepi 11(Nos. B38, B48) or slightly later (No. B57).
Ac.8a Removable"plug" of wood in left handonly (males).
Two statuesfrom Catalogue B have a removable "plug" in their left 292

hand.
They both date to the reign of Pepi 11.
No representationsof statuesor stone statuesfall into this category.
Ac.9 Sceptre(males).
in
Five statuesfrom Catalogue A have a sceptre their right hands,293 and one
has an extant sceptre but no arms.294They range in date from the reign of
Unas to the reign of Pepi 11.
Thirty-eight representationsof statues have a sceptre in one of their hands,
66617:op. cit., No. 51; etc.

288 CatalogueNos. BI
and 9.
289 Catalogue Nos. A23,88-90,
and 101. Nos. A23 and 101 are seatedstatues,the other three are
claspingtheir projecting-panelkilts with their other hand.
290 E. Cairo CG 650: Vandier,Manuel, Pl. XV, 6; Louvre A. 44:
g. op. cit., Pl. XXVIII, 3; etc.
291 CatalogueNos. B38,48,57.
292 CatalogueNos. B 27,43.
293 CatalogueNos. A24-25,46,59-60.
294 CataloaueNo. A35.
4ý
62
depending on the direction in face. 95 All of thesehave a staff in
which they
the other hand. They range in date from the reign of Menkaure to that of Pepi
IL Stone statuesdo not carry sceptres.
One statuefrom Catalogue C is in this category. No. C2 datesto the reign of
Pepi 11or slightly later.
Ac. 10 Bookroll (males).
Two scribe statuesfrom Catalogue A, dating to the reign of Unas, and from
the tomb of Metri, hold bookrolls open on their laps. 296The posture is that
of a readerrather than a writer.

No representationsof statuesdepict a scribe. Several stone scribeshold their
bookrolls in this fashion.297
No statuesfrom either CatalogueB or CatalogueC are in this category.
Ac. 1I Headclothvisible underwig (females).
Onestatuefrom CatalogueA datingto the reign of Unashasthis 298

feature.
of femalestatuesshow this feature.Femalestonestatues
No representations
appear to have their own hair showing under their wigs, rather than a
headcloth(seen. 287 for examples).
Ac. 12 Steinkemin right handonly (males).
Four statuesfrom CatalogueA claspa Steinkemin their right handonly, the

hand 299
claspsor claspeda staff. They dateto the reignsof PepiI and
other
Pepi11.
295 Eaton-Krauss Nos. 7,37,44-45,55,68,75,78,87-91,98,100,105-108,117-118,121-124,126,
132-133,138,141,143,145-148,150,154, and 155.

and 28.
297 E. Cairo CG 56, CG 83
g. and CG 17 1, Borchardt, Statuen L Pis. 14,19 & 38. CL Vandier,
Manuel, 66 E.
C and 58.
63
No representationsof statuesor stone statueshave this combination of
accessories.
Six statuesfrom CatalogueB fall into this category.300They rangein date
from the reign of Unasto the middle or endof the reign of Pepi11.
Ac. 13 Black paintedsandals(males).
Only one statue from Catalogue A wears sandals, dating to the reign of Pepi
1.301
302
of statueswearsandals. They dateto DynastyHI, the
Fourrepresentations
reign of Menkauhor,and the reign of Teti. Thereare no actualstonestatues
wearing sandals known from the Old KingdoM303 but they are often
depictedon or nearthe tomb ownerin two-dimensionalrepresentations.304
Although no femalesfrom CatalogueA wear black sandals,no malesfrom
CataloguesB and C do either.One femalefrom CatalogueB, No. B70, and
one from CatalogueC, No. C5, wear black sandals.They dateto the endof
the Old Kingdom.
Ac. 14 Falsebeard(males).
Two statues from Catalogue A dating to the reign of Pepi 11have false
305
beards.
Thirty representations
of statueswear false beards,
ranging in datefrom the
reign of Menkauhor to the end of the reign of Pepi 11.306It appearsto be
confined to relief depictionsratherthan stonestatuesof the tomb owner in
the Old Kingdom.
300 CatalogueNos. B 10,16,29,37,45-46. No. B 10 is
the male in a pair statue.
302 Eaton-KraussNos. 132-133,136,
and 149.
303 Staehelin,Tracht, 98.
304 SeeHarpur,Decoration,323-7,369-76 [25].
305CatalogueNos. A59
and 74.
306 Eaton-KraussNos. 26-28,63-68,75-76,79,96-98,100,102,105-107,113-114,117,118,123,
141,146-148,and 157.
64
Ac. 15 Linen wrappedaroundthe waist (male-sandfernýles). '""
One statue from Catalogue C is in this category, No. C4, which dates to the
end of the Old Kingdom. It is possible that many more statues once had
linen wrapped around them, but that this has not survived.
No representations of statues fall into this category. I have been unable to
find any stone statueswith linen wrapped around them.
65
JEWELLERY (both sexes)
J. 1 Broad collar.307
This is worn by nineteenstatuesfrom CatalogueA of both sexesdatingfrom

the reign of Snefru to the end of the Old Kingdom. 308It is slightly more
common in Dynasty V and early Dynasty VI, than in the secondhalf of
DynastyVI. Thereis a largegapin its occurrencebetweenthe early yearsof
Pepi 11,with the last occurrenceon a male,309and a solitary exampleon a
female dating to the end of the Old Kingdom. 310The previous female
exampledatesto the reign of Unas.311It is usually fastenedwith a simple
bow behindthe neck,which is oftenno longerextant.
Forty-six representationsof statueswear broad collars, two of which are
female.312They rangein datefrom the reign of Menkaureto that of Pepi 11.
It is alsoa commondecorationon stonestatues,both maleandfemale.313
One statuefrom CatalogueB andtwo from CatalogueC wearthis collar.314
B37 datesto the reign of Pepi11.
J. 2 Amulet suspendedon beadsor string.315
Six statuesfrom CatalocrueA wear this amulet around their neck, ranging in
date from the reign of Snefru to the end of the Old Kingdom. 316
It is shown in two representations of statues, one dating to the period of

307 Stachelin, Tracht, 113-120; Wilkinson, Jewellery, 30-33; Aldred, Jewels, 144 ff.
308 Catalogue Nos. A 1,4,5,9-10,14,16-17,20,22-23,27-28,40,42,45,55,106,
and 117.
3 10 Catalogue No. A 117.
312 Eaton-Krauss Nos. 3-5,7,17,25,42,44,63-68,75-76,78-81,83-84,87,98,102,105-108,110-
111.113-114,116-118,121,123,125,128,132,139,141,144-145, and 148. The females are Nos. 3

and 128, dating to the reigns of Shepseskaf and Pepi I respectively.
313 SeeStachelin,Tracht, 113-122.
314 CatalogueNos. B37, C3
and Cl 1.
315
op. cit., 100-103, HI (a); Wilkinson, Jewellery,26-28; Aldred, Jewels, 146.
316 CatalogueNos. A 1,6,26,42,77
and 106.
66
Nyuserre tO'Isesi, the other to the period of Unas-Teti.317Staehelin saysthat
only statuesand representations from Saqqara wear this amulet. 318This is
supported by the statues listed above, and by one of the representations of

statues. The second, Eaton-Krauss No. 36, comes from the tomb of
Ptahshepsesat Abusir.
One statuefrom CatalogueC has an amulet around his neck.319
J3 Broadcollar with simplecounterpoise.
Ten statuesfrom CatalogueA wearthe broadcollar with counterpoise,three

of them 320
female. They rangein datefrom the reign of Nyuserreto the end
of the reign of Pepi11.
Two representationsof statuesdisplay a collar with a counterpoise,one
datingto the Unas-Tetiperiod,andthe otherto the reign of Pepi J1.321
This is
the mostcommontype of collar on stonestatues. 322
Threestatuesfrom CatalogueB wearthe broadcollar with counterpoise,two
of them 323
female. They dateto the reignsof Nyuseffe (B 1), Isesi (B2), and
Unas(139).
JA Pectoral,painted and trapezium-shaped.324
This is apparentlyonly worn by womenin the Old Kingdom.Thereare two

examples from Catalogue A, one dating to the end of the reign of
Nyuserre,325andonedatingto the reignof UnaS.326
317Eaton-Krauss
Nos.36and100.
318 Staebelin,Tracht, 103; E. Cairo CG 83; CG 98: Borchardt,Statuen1., 66-67,77, Pl. 19.
g.
319 CatalogueNo. C 11.
320 CatalogueNos. A6-7,15,19,24,26,30,32,4 1, and 77. The femalesare CatalogueNos. A7,30
and 32.
321 Eaton-KraussNos. 100
and 147.
322 Examples
are hard to list as the rear view is not usually shown in illustrations.
323 CatalogueNos. B 1,2
and 9. B2 is male.
324 Wilkinson, Jewellery,47; Staehelin,Tracht, 123-124.
67
No representation of a female statuewearsthis pectoral,nor haveI beenable
to find it on stonestatuesof females.
One female statuefrom CatalogueB wears this pectoral'327dating to the
reign of Nyuseffe.
3.5 Braceletswith a horizontal and vertical pattem.328
One female statue from Catalogue A has bracelets of this type, dating to the
reign of 329
Unas.
No representations of statueswear this type of bracelet, although this could
be a result of the original painting no longer being present. Staehelin in her
discussion of arm and leg decorations mentions two types of bracelets, the
single broad band and the several thin bangles. This type is neither of those,
although it could possibly be a very decorative type of broad band. Both
Wilkinson and Aldred discuss braceletsmade up of horizontal rows of beads
with vertical spacerbars, and this is very likely a depiction of that type. 330
t:l C!
J. 6 Plain wristbands.331
Threestatuesfrom CatalogueA havethis type of bracelet,two maleandone

female.332Two dateto the reignof Unasandoneto the Unas-Tetiperiod.
One representationof a male statuewearsthis type of bracelet,datingto the
period Unas-Teti.-333This type is common on male and female stone
334
statues.
Two statuesfrom CatalogueB wear plain wristbands,one female (No. 139)
Cý
327 CatalogueNo. B 1.
328
op. cil., 140-144;Wilkinson, Jewellety,28-30;Aldred, Jewels,157ff.
330 See 328.
n.
331 Iden-L
332 CatalogueNos. A23,32,
and 33. The female is No. A32.
333Eaton-KraussNo. 100.
334 E. Hildesheim Inv.
g. Nrs. 147 and 148: Eggebrecht, AR, No. 27; Cairo JE 51280:
Saleh/Sourouzian,
Egyptian Museum,No. 39; JE 38670: Vandier, Manuel, Pl. XXXVII, 6; etc.
68
and one male (No. B37). The former datesto the reign of Unas,the latterto
the reign of Pepi11.
J. 7 Matching braceletsand anklets (females).
One female statue from Catalogue A dating to the reign of Unas has this
335 Catalogue No. A7, another female, dating to the reign of
combination.
Nyuserre, may also have matching braceletsand anklets.
No representationsof statueswear this combination. Anklets were only worn
by female statues in the Old Kingdom'336 but it is not clear whether they
337
bracelets.
always match the
Two female statues, one from Catalogue B and one from Catalogue C'338
wear matching bracelets and anklets. No. BI datesto the reign of Nyuserre.
J. 8 Line of beadsat throat.
One female statuefrom Catalogue A wears a line of beads around her

339
neck. It could be the only remainingtrace of a broad collar. Shedatesto
the reign of Unas.
No representationsof statueswear this necklace,nor do thereappearto be
any examplesamongthe stonestatuerepertory.
J. 9 'Dog-collae.34()This is a choker of beadswom around the throat.
Onefemalestatuefrom CatalogueA, No. A32, wearsa dog-collar.Shedates

to the reign of Unas.
No representationsof statueswear this necklace,althoughit is known on
341
stonestatues.
336Staehelin,Tracht,143;Wilkinson,Jewellery,
28;Aldred,Jewels,159-160.
337E.g. CairoCG55;CG101;CG151:Borchardt, Statuen
L Pls.14,23& 34.
338Catalogue Nos.BI andC5.
340Staehelin,Tracht,127;Wilkinson,Jewellery,
32.
69
No statuesfrom eitherCatalo(yuc
B or CatalogueC arein this category.
cý I- .
J. 10 Length of beadwork wom around the shoulders.342
Staehelindescribesthis item asa long collar madeup of severalparallelrows

of differently coloured beadswhich is wrappedaround the shouldersand
neck. It can apparently also be made of material and is often worn under
other items of jewellery. It appearsto be part of rewardsgiven by the king,
is
and worn to show royal 343
favour. In anothervariantit canbe two len"ths
of beadworkjoined at the back.Two statuesfrom CataloOueA datingto the
reignof PepiI wearit. 344
It is not worn by any representationsof statues,nor by any stone statues,
although it is known from 345
representations.
Two statuesfrom CatalogueB havethis item of jewellery.346They both date
to the secondhalf of the reignof Pepi11.
Long beadnecklacewrappedtwice around the neck and then hangingin a

long loop down to die right hip.347
One statue from Catalogue B wears this necklace, No. B70, which dates to
the endof the Old Kingdom.
J. 12 Several lines of beads around the neck. then one wide ribbon %%,
hich tapers
down between the breasts.348
One statuefrom CatalooueC, No. C5, wearsthis necklace.

C
341
Eg. Cairo JE 87806: Saleh/Sourouzian, Egyptian Museum, No. 56.
342 Stachelin, Tracht, 109-113.
343
017.cit, I 11.
344 Catalogue Nos.
A41 and 44.
345 E.
g. Blackman, Meir V, Pl. 14; Capart, Rue. Pl. 49.
346 Catalogue Nos.
B54-55.
347
This is not discussed in any of the literature. It may be related to the next necklace, but only
wrapped around the body once rather than several times.
348
This is not discussed in any of the literature on jewellery.
70
STANCE
The following survey of stance is necessarily subjective, especially in those sections
where estimates are made of the distance the left foot is advanced. The survey is
chronological. Eaton-Krauss in her survey of representations of statues does not
differentiate betweenthe degreesthat the left leg is advanced,describing all as "striding" -
probably S.3, as far as can be judged from her illustrations. Stone statuesare restricted
by their material, and tend to have their left legs less far advancedthan representationsor
wooden statues usually S. I.

-
Male
S.1 Left foot advancedto endof right foot. (Fig. 5)
Twelve statuesdatingfrom CatalogueA dating from the reign of Snefru to

the endof the Old Kingdomhave 349
this stance.
350
This is the mostcommonstancefor stonestatues.
Nine statuesfrom CatalogueB351and one from CatalogueC352are in this
category.They rangein datefrom the reign of Unas to the end of the Old
Kingdom.
S.2 Left foot advancedalmostto endof right foot. (Fig. 5)
Five statuesfrom CatalogueA have this stance,dating from the reign of

Snefruto the endof the reignof Pepi11.353
Five statuesfrom CatalogueB are in this category.354They rangein date
349 Catalogue Nos. A 1,6,20,29,61,76,83-85,111-113.
350 E. Cairo JE 10063 JE 10064: Saleh/Sourouzian, Egyptian Museum, Nos.'45-46; CG 133:
g. and
op. cit., No. 48; JE 66617: op. cit., No. 51; etc.
351 Catalogue Nos. B 12,22,27,33-34,37,39,4 1, and 57.
352 Catalogue No. C12.
353 Catalogue Nos. A2,53,56,66,

and 106.
354 Catalogue Nos. B6-7,38,47,
and 74.
71
from the reign of Unas to the end of the Old Kingdom. Two statuesfrom
CatalogueC arein this category.355
L,
S.3 Left foot advanced,well in front of right foot. (Fig. 5)
This is the most common stance, fifty-three statuesfrom Catalogue A have

it,356and another one possibly has it. 357They range in date from the end of
Dynasty IV to the end of the Old Kingdom.
This is the stancefavoured by representationsof statues.358
Seventeen statues from Catalogue B are in this category.359They range in
date from the reign of Unas to the end of the Old Kingdom. Two statues
from Catalogue C are in this category, No. Cl dates to Dynasty V, and No.
C4 datesto the end of the Old King:doni.
SA Left leg well advanced,feet missing.This is not a properindividual stance

but rathera groupof "defective"stanceswhich could be any of S.I-S. 3.
Elevenstatuesfrom CatalogueA are in this situation,dating from Dynasty

001
IV to the end of the reign of pepi 11.360
Fourteen statuesfrom Catalogue 13,361and three from Catalogue C'362are in
this category. The Catalogue B statuesrange in date from the reign of Un-as
L- c --
to the end of the Old Kingdom.
355 CatalogueNos. C2-3.

356 CatalogueNos. A3,10,14-16,18-19,24,33,35,39-48,54-55,57-60,62,65,70-71,77,79-90,
86-93,95-99,105.108-110.114-116.
357 CatalogueNo. AlOO.
358 Eaton-KraussNos. 4,7-8,11-15,17,19-23,25,27-28,31-32,34-37,39,41-47,49,55,57,61,
63-64,67-68,75,78-81,83,85-91,94-95,98-114,116,1-18,120-121,123-126,131-133,135-148,
150,152-155.
359 CatalogueNos. BS, 14-15,17,19,24,26,28,30,32,40,42,5.1,54,58,61,
and 75.
360 CatalogueNos. A5,9,12-13,17,21,25-26,52,8 1, and 94.
361CatalogueNos. B 10,13,16,21,35-36,53.55-56,59-60,62-63,
and 65.
362 CatalogueNos. C8,9
and 15.
72
SAa Legsmissing,but left was advanced.
This wasprobablyoriginally S.3. Four statuesfrom CatalogueA are in this

situation,threedating to the reign of Teti, and the otherdatingto the endof
the reignof Pepi11.363
Four statuesfrom CatalogueB are in this category.364They rangein date
from the transitionperiodof the reignsof Merenreto Pepi11to the endof the
Old Kingdom.
SAb Left advanced,missing, right straight.
This was probably originally S.3. One statuefrom CatalogueA is in this

situation,datingto the middleof the reign of Pepi11.365
Four statuesfrom CatalogueB are in this category.366They rangein date
from the middle or end of the reign of Pepi 11to the end of the Old
Kingdom.
SAc Left advanced,right missing.
One statuefrom Catalogue B, No. B49, is in this category. It datesto the end
of the reign of Pepi 11or slightly later.
S.5 Seated.
Six statuesfrom CatalogueA are seated,rangingin datefrom the reign of

Isesito the endof the reignof PepiJ1.367
Twenty-five representationsof statuesare seated,ranging in datefrom the
reign of Menkaure to that of Pepi 11.368This is also a popular position for
363 CatalogueNo. A36-38
and 82.
364 CatalogueNos. B23,29,3 1,
and 48.
366 CatalogueNos. B43,51,64,66.
367 CatalogueNos. All, 23,51,73-74,
and 101.
368 Eaton-KraussCatalogueNos. 5,9-10,18,24,26,29,33,38,48,52,54,56,65-66,76,82,84,
73
369
stone statues.
Three statues from Cataloaue B are in this category. 3M They range in date
Lý r:I
from the reign of Isesi (B2) to the middle or end of the reign of Pepi 11(1344
and B45).
S.6 Scribe, seatedwith crossedlegs.
Two statuesfrom Catalogue A are of scribes, one is missing its legs, but it is
very unlikely that the), were other than crossed.371 They both date to the
reign of Unas.
There are no representationsof statuesof scribes. Stone statuesof scribes are
common. 372
S.7 Legstogether.
Eight statuesfrom CatalogueA havetheir legstogether,rangingin datefrom

cc-c --
the reign of Pepi 11to the end of the Old Kingdoni. 373
'Ibis is unknown in the repertory of representationsof statues. It is known in

374
the repertory of stone statues.
One statue from Catalogue B and one from Catalogue C are in this
37
category. B46 datesto the Pepi H.
L-- -5 reign of
92-93,96-97,117,122, and 156.

369 E.,,. Cairo JE 87805: Saleh/Sourouzian,
_ Egyptian Museum, No. 56; Hildesheim Inv. Nr. 12:
Eggcbrecht, AR No. 11, Inv. Nr. 2974: Eggebrecht, AR, No. 42; etc.
,
370Cataloaue
Nos. B2,44-45.
371 Catalogue
Nos. A27 and 28. No. A28 is missing its legs.
372 E. Cairo
g. JE 30272: Saleh/Sourouzian, Egyptian Museum, No. 43, Hildesheim Inv. Nr. 2407:
Eggebrecht, AR, No. 19; and Louvre E. 3023: Ziegler, Vie Louvre, 26 (top).
Zý
373 Catalo,,
ue Nos. A50,63-64,67-68,72,75, and 104.
374
E.g. Cairo JE 66619: Saleh/Sourouzian, Egyptian Museum, No. 50; New York MMA 48.111:
Vandier, Manuel, Pl. XXVI, 1; Boston NIFA 06.1882: op. cit., Pl. XXVI, 2; etc.
375
Catalooue Nos. B46 and C 11.
C
74
S.8 Right leg slightly advanced,left straight.
One statuefrom Catalogue C is in this category, No. C 10.

Representations of statues, whichever way they face, always have their far
leg advanced. Therefore statue representations drawn facing left have their
right leg advanced, and statue representations facing right have their left leg
This is 376
advanced. a convention of two-dimensional art.
Female
Sf.1 Damagedtoo muchto tell.
The legs of two statuesfrom Catalogue A are too damagedfor their stanceto
be determined.377
Sf. la Missing, but left was advanced.
One statue from Catalogue B is in this category. No. B3 dates to the reign of
Unas.
Sf. 1b Missing, but were together.
One statuefrom CatalogueB is in this category.No. B5 datesto the reign of

Unas.
Sf.2 Legstogether.
Fourteenstatuesfrom CatalogueA havethis stance,rangingin datefrom the

endof the reign of Nyuserreto the end of the Old 378
Kingdom. Interestingly,
376 Eaton-Krauss,Representations,4-5,
plus references.
377 CatalogueNos. A4 and 31.
378 CatalogueNos. A7,22,30,32,49,102,117,119-125.
75
statueswith this stanceandwearinga sheathdressrancein datefrom the end
of the reign of Nyuserreto the endof the reign of Pepi11,while nudestatues
with their legs 179
together. all date to the end of the Old Kingdom, except
A49 wWchdatesto the reign of Merenre.
Nine representationsof female statuesshow this stance.Six wear sheath
dressesand rangein date from the reign of Menkaureto the reign of Pepi
1.38()
Threerepresentationsof statuesare probably nude, and datefrom the
reigns of Shepseskafand Pepi 11.381This stancein combination with a
sheath dressis commonon stonestatuesthroughoutthe Old Kingdom.382 I
have beenunable to locate any nude stone statuesof adult females,only
childrenin groupstatues.
Nine statuesfrom CatalogueB arein this category.Two wearsheathdresses.
B 10,the femalein a pair statue,which datesto the reign of Unas.and B68,
wffich datesto the endof the Old Kingdom. The 383
othersevenare nude. B9
datesto the reign of Unas,the othersto the endof the Old Kingdom. Three
nudestatues from Catalogue C have this 384
stance.
C)
SO Left leg,advancedto endof fight foot andslightly beyond.
One statue from Catalogue A has this stance, dating to the end of the Old
Kingdom. 385
No representations of statues have this stance. It is uncommon in the
386
repertory of stone statues.
No statues from either Catalo-ue
C,
B or Catalo-Ue
C
C are in this cate-
ýory-
379 Catalogue Nos. A49,117,119-125.

380 Eaton-Krauss Nos. 6,30,40,53,62,
and 128.
381 Eaton-Krauss Nos. 2,3,
and 50.
382 E. Cairo JE 66619; Saleh/Sourouzian,
g. Egyptian Museum, No. 50; JE 66617: op. cit., No. 51;
JE 87806: op. cit., No. 56; etc.
383 Catalo-ue Nos. B9,67,69-73.
C
384 Catalogue
Nos. C5-7.
385
Catalogue No. A 118.
396 E.
g. Berlin 14108: Vandier, Manuel, PI. XXV, 6.
76
SUa Left leg advancedalmostto endof right foot.
One statue from Catalogue A has this stance, dating to the end of the Old
Kingdom. 387
No representationsof statueshave this stance.It is known in the repertory of
388
stone statues.
One statue from Catalogue B, No. B 1, is in this category. It dates to the end
of the reign of Nyuserre or slightly later.

388 E. Hildesheim Inv. Nr. 17: Eggebrecht,AR, No. 16; Cairo JE 72214: Vandier, Manuel, P1.
g.
XIX, 2; Giza 36: op. cit., P1.XXV, 2; etc.
77
CHAPTER 3.
The dating of the statues in Catalogue A
Catalogue Nos. Al and A2, Pis. I&2, JE 87698 and JE 87699 respectively,both
come from SaqqaraMastaba S3079, which was excavatedby C. M. Firth between
Januaryand April 1931. Unfortunately, apart from a preliminary report in ASAE 31
(1931), theseexcavationshave remainedunpublished.From Firth's notebook,now in
University College London, Departmentof Egyptology, we learn that Cemetery3000
lies immediatelyto the westof the tomb of Hesy,Dynasty 111,389
andappearsto consist
of burials from DynastiesIII and IV. The excavationphotographonly tells us that the
statueswere found side by side in what appearsto be an enclosedserdab.Where this
390
serdabwas located in the mastabais not clear. Reisner391discussesthe group of
mastabasto which S3079belongs,S3077-3081.S3077 and 3078 arethe oldestin the
group and he datesthem to the period covering the reigns of Snefru and Cheops.The
other three mastabas,S3079-81, which he calls irregular mastabaS392 becausetheir
orientationis differentto the precedingones,areof type VI, which datesto DynastiesIII
and IV. He considersthem to be later than S3078becausethey are further to the south-
west,that is, closerto the edgeof the Archaic Cemetery,and to the beginningof the Old
Kingdom Cemetery,and suggestsa date towards the end of Dynasty IV, that is, later
thanthe reign of Cheops.
The statuesshowthe tomb ownerin two separateguises.JE 87698,CatalogueNo.
A 1, is a striding male (S.1), wearingan echelon-curlwig which coversthe ears(W. 1),
anda knee-length kilt
wrap-around with a fold down the right sidewhich in
extends a tab
the
above waistband just to the left of the navel (D. 1). The left arm is pendantwith the
fist claspedaround a Steinkern,and although the right is not presenton the original
it
photograph, appears to have been found nearby,and has been restoredto the statue.It,
too, is pendantwith the fist claspedarounda Steinkern(A. 1). The lower parts of the
legsarein a poor condition,but the baseis extant,andthe left leg is clearly advancedin a
stride.
JE 87699, CatalogueNo. A2, is also a striding male (S.2), but this time wearing
389 That is,
the tomb of Hesyre,S2405[A31.
390 For discussion
a of the importanceof the location of the serdabseeShoukry, SASAE15,191 ff.
391 TombDevelopment169,205,385,
and 388.
392
q17.cit., 385.
78
the close-fittingcoiffure with carvedhorizontallines (W.2), anda half-gofferedkilt with
an elaborateknot, a comerof the cloth protrudingabovethe waistbandas a tabto the left
of the navel,andpleatson the right handside,which continueto halfway aroundthe back
(D.2). His right arrn is pendantwith the fist clasping a Steinkeni,the left is pendantto
the elbow and is then bent up acrossthe chestwith the hand clenchedas a naturalfist
(A.2).393The left leg is advancedin a stride althoughthe foot is missing.The right foot
is securedinto the original base.Both basesappearto havebeenuninscribed.
Of all the featuresof thesetwo statues,the most interestingone is the positionof
the left hand of JE 87699. Shoukry, in his discussionof the developmentof stancein
394
Old Kingdom statues, suggeststhat armswere placedcloseto the body becauseof
the restrictionsof the materialused,which was usually stone.The statueof Sepain the
Louvre is the oldest known private stonestatue,and it has its left arm held acrossthe
chest,and is also holding a staff. The pose is very stiff. Wood395views the problem
from the other side.Shebelievesthat the statueof Sepais evidencefor the existenceof
wooden statuary 'from the late Third or early Fourth Dynasty', and that the stone
sculptors were trying to copy a wooden stance rather than the limitations of stone
encouraginga changeto wood.
Reliefs in tombs of the sameperiod show that the striding figure of the tomb
owner holding the staff and sceptre was the most favoured depiction and, right from the
earliest instances of its use the stance of wooden statues was in line with the
representations, that is, the left arm was usually bent forward at the elbow and clasped
around a staff. JE 87699 may be a preliminary step, an intermediate stagebetween the
more static stone statuesand the later more active wooden ones. In other words, although
the material allowed more flexibility in the positioning of the arms, the sculptor seemsto
have preferred to keep to a stance more in line with the stone statuesbeing produced at
that time.
Another interesting feature is the kilt worn by JE 87698. This is a style restricted to
Dynasties IV and V, and in fact I know of only two other examples'396both of which
393 1 know
of only two other examplesof the left fist claspedon the right breastof a woodenstatue,
one is the male in the pair statueLouvre N 2293, probably Dyn. VI (Catalogue B 10, Pl. 74d-f), the
other is the Dyn. XII statueLiverpool 1.9.14.1from Harageh(Pl. 3a).
394Shoukhry,SASAE15,55ff.
395
op. cit., 2 1.
396 CG 34, Cat. No. A3; JE 93169,Cat. No. A 19.
79
reachbelow the knee.The knee-lengthexampleappearsto be the earliertype.
Catalogue Nos. A3 and A4 are two statuesfound in 1860 by Mariette in SaqqaraTomb

36 [C8], belonging to the Chief Lector Priest, Ka-aper. 397 There has been much
discussion about the dating of these statues398and current opinion seems to incline
towards a date in late Dynasty IV, based on the style of the mastaba, the presenceof
inlaid eyes'399and the style of the Sheikh el-Beled himself (Pl. 3b). Ka-aper was buried
in a'gigantic mastaba"400similar in size and plan to that of Ranofer, of a typical Dynasty
IV type with outside chapel and only the shaft inside. 401 Smith, in Appendix C of
Reisner's Tomb Development, discussesthe mastaba and statesthat the burial chamber
was not finished. This may explain why the highest title found in the tomb was only'thai
of a lector priest. He suggests a date of late Dynasty IV for the tomb, adding that the
burial is close to the group of mastabas to which S3079 belongs, but is probably later
than them as it is in the Old Kingdom Cemetery and not the Archaic Cemetery. In
HESPOK he adjusts this estimate to the beginning of Dynasty V'402 but basesthat on
the style of the statue and not that of the tomb. I prefer the slightly earlier date as this is
more securely supported by the known facts.
The style of the coiffure and of the kilt are both interesting. The former is a variant
of the in
close-fitting coiffure with natural waves, with a slight curve the hairline visible
on the forehead (W. 2a).403The kilt on CG 34 is the same style as JE 87699, discussed
above (DA), but in this case it is longer than knee-length. The left arm is held forward
from the elbow and is clasping a staff, although this is a modem copy of the original
which was in too a to

poor state preserve. The right arm is pendant and the fist is bored
through to hold a sceptre (A. 3). There were apparently colour traces on the head when
found, but these were lost when a plaster mould was taken of the head dunng the Paris
exhibition of 1889.404
397 CG 34,
the Sheikhel-Beled, Cat. No. A3; CG 33, his wife, Cat. No. A4.
398 See list
the given by Vandersleyen,JEA 69 (1983), 61-65.
399 First known from
the mortuary temple of Menkaure,cf. Wood, JEA 60 (1974), 82-93.
400 Capart, JEA 6 (1920), 227.
401 For
a plan of a typical Dynasty IV mastabaseeSpencer,Death, 223, fig. 98.
402 48.
p.
403 Catalogue No. A44,
a statue from the tomb of Metjetji now in the Nelson Atkins Museum,
KansasCity, NA 51-1, also has a very slight peak in the centre of the forehead,but the coiffure is
smooth.
80
CG 33, CatalogueNo. A4, Pl. 3c, is the earliestextantfemalestatuein the corpus.
Shewearsa striated,flared andpartedwig, covering her ears(Wf. 1), anda sheathdress
indicated only by its shoulder strapsas the lower part of the statue is missing (Df. 1).
It hasbeensuggestedthat the statueJE 10177,Catalogue No. A5, Pl. 4, wasalso part

of the burial equipmentof Ka-aper'405but this remainswithout a firm archaeological
foundation.406What seemsto be beyond doubt is that the statueis contemporarywith
that of Ka-aper.It was found by Mariette in the sameyear as Ka-aper,1860,andin the
samecemeteryarea.The statueis wearing a short echelon-curlwig coveringthe ears
(W. 1), similar to JE 87698,CatalogueNo. A 1, anda decorativehalf-gofferedkilt with
an elaborateknot anda tab up onto the belly to the left of the navel (D.2). His left arm is
held forward at the elbow andthe handis a piercedfist, readyto hold a staff (A.3).
,
Catalogue Nos. A6, Cairo JE 26645,andA7, JE 22073,can be assignedto the endof

the reign of Nyuserreor slightly later.They wereexcavatedat Saqqaraon the sameday
in May 1873.They are of the samedate,andmay evenhave comefrom the sametomb,
the
although archaeological
recorddoesnot statethis.
Catalogue No. A6, Pl. 5, is a statue of Kahif, 407overseer of the prophets of the
pyramid complex of Nyuseffe. Its surface condition is rather rough, but the lined coiffure
which is typical of Dynasties IV and V is clearly visible (W. 2). The statue is wearing a
knee-length projecting-panel kilt with an elaborate sporran (D. 3). The right arm is
pendantwith the fist pierced, and the left was bent forward at the elbow, but the forearm
is now missing (A. 3). The statue is standing on an inscribed base, and a further line of
inscription runs up the side seamof the kilt.
Catalogue No. A7, Pl. 6, is a female statue with the typical Dynasty V wig type -
the flared, parted,striatedwig, coveringthe earsM. 1). Only tracesremainof the thick
paintedplasterlayer which coveredthe entirestatue,andtheseshow that it wore a broad
collar with a counterpoise (J.3) and a necklacesuspendinga pectoralor heavypendant
(J.4) over the sheathdress(Df. 2). Only one of the arms is extant(Af. 2) and that hangs
pendantwith an openhand.
404 Cf. Murray, Saqqara Mastabas 1,4.

405 Capart, JEA 6 (1920), 225-233.
406 Saleh/Sourouzian, Egyptian Museum, No. 42.
407 Ranke, Personennamen, 340,15.
81
Catalogue No. A8, Cairo JE 40037, PI. 7 c-d, is the head of a statueof the Vizier
Rashepses.
It was excavatedin Quibell's 1907-8seasonat Saqqaraand comesfrom the
serdabof MastabaLS 16 [S902],just north of the StepPyramid.It canbe datedwith an
unusualdegreeof accuracythanksto the preservationon the walls of the tomb of a letter
addressedto Rashepsesas Vizier by Djedkare 408
Isesi. The headhasthe closely shaven
coiffure which becomesparticularlypopularin DynastyVI (W.3).
Woodenstatuesof privateindividualsfrom cemeteriesotherthanSaqqaraappearfor the

first time in the reignof DjedkareIsesi.
Catalogue No. A9, Cairo JE 28816, Pl. 7 a-b, comes from Akhmim, but unfortunately
was discovered during a period of random plundering rather than of systematic

409
excavation. It is a life-size statue of a male, missing below the knees and lacking the
arms. The statue is wearing a short echelon-curl wig which covers the ears (W. 1), and
the decorative half-goffered kilt (D. 2), just as JE 10177, Catalogue No. A5. The recent
excavationsof Kanawatiat EI-Hawawishhaveled him to concludeon stylistic grounds
thatthis statuemay be part of the burial equipmentof Memi, tomb M23,410or elsevery
closeto it in date.He Memi
ascribes to the reignof Djedkare 411
Isesi.
Catalogue No. A10, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, MMA 26.9.2, P1.8, and
Catalogue No. A 11, MMA 26.9.3, Pl. 9, are two statuesof Kaemsenufrom his
mastabain the western part of the Teti pyramid cemetery at Saqqara.He has been dated
variously to the end of Dynasty V, 412 to
and early Dynasty V1.413The discovery of a
408 Sethe, Urk. 1,179-180. For a discussion of the dating of this tomb see Strudwick,
Administration, 116-7. See also Harpur, Decoration, 275 [4561.
409 Several
statues said to be from Akhmim (Cat. Nos. A9, B6, B26, B29, B72) arrived in the
Cairo Museum in this year. The site was not properly excavated until the 1980's when a team from
Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia, under the direction of Naguib Kanawati began work there.
Their results are published in a series of ten volumes: The Rock Tombs of El-Ha%, awish: The
Cemetejy of Akhmim. A brief visit by Newberry in 1912 to record the tombs (LAAA 4 [1912], 99-
120), and a publication of one of those tombs by Vandier in 1936 (ASAE 36 [1936], 33-44) are the
only previous recorded actions taken by Egyptologists. All artifacts from this area which predate the
Australian excavations, therefore, are the result of unrecorded and illicit plundering.
410 Kanawati, EI-Ha%,
awish VII, 57, Pl. 18a.
411
cil'. V, 37 ff.
01_7.
412 Strudwick, Administration, 150-151; Baer, Rank and Title, [528] 143-144; Harpur,
82
bundle of reeds sealed with the seal of Isesi at the bottom of the pit leading to an
undisturbedburial chamberof a woman414forms a tenninusante quent.The statuesof
Kaemsenuboth wear the half-gofferedkilt (D.2) and MMA 26.9.2hasthe echelon-curl
wig which covers the ears (W. 1). MMA 26.9.3 wears a striatedwig reachingto just
aboveshoulder length and which reveals the ears(W.4). According to Staehelin415
this
wig first appearsin DynastyIV, but only becomespopularduring DynastyV on statues
from Saqqara,alongsidethe echelon-curlwig. Later in the Old Kingdom it supersedes
the echelon-curlwig, but this appearsto hold true only for stonestatues.MMA 26.9.2
hasa pendantright arm and the left is bent forward at the elbow. Both of the handsare
piercedfists (A. 3). MMA 26.9.3 is the first known exampleof a seatedwoodenstatue
(S.5). The statue'sarmsareplacedon the thighs,with the right handheld asa naturalfist
with the thumb The
uppermost. left hand is openandheld palm downwardson the left
knee(A.4).
The earliestdatablestatuesfrom the Giza necropoliscan be attributed to the reign of

Unas.Statuesexcavatedat Giza areusuallyin a very poor stateof preservationandthere
may well have beenotherswhich datedto earlier periodswhich have not survived.416
417
However,the style of burialsat Giza aregenerallymoreconservativethanat Saqqara'
and greatcare shouldthereforebe employedwhen assigninga statuefrom Giza to an
early date,unless by
supported otherdata.
Catalogue No. A12, Boston MFA 13.3465,Pl. 10a,and Catalogue No. A13, MFA
13.3466, Pl. 10 b-c, come from the tomb of SenedjernibMehi, G 2378 at Giza. In
addition to the two figures of the tomb owner, five figures of bound captives were
418 In both his his father Senedjemib Inty, G 2370, 419
present. own tomb and that of
Decoration, 276 [526]. Cherpion, Mastabas, 136-7 dates this mastaba to the reign of Nyuserre on
the basis of the presence of that king's name in the tomb. However, all the other indications point to
the reign of Isesi, and this date is preferred here.
413 Kees, WZKM 54 (1954), 91 100; Firth Gunn, Teti Pyramid Cemeteries 1,3 1.
- and
414 Firth
and Gunn, Teti Pyramid Cemeteries.1,32-33,36; Kanawati, Saqqara 1,8.
415 Staehelin, Tracht, 88 E2.
416 E. the from the temple Menkaure, Wood, JEA 60 (1974), 82-93.
g. royal statues mortuary of cf.
Seethe discussionin the introduction, p. 13.
417 Cf. the discussionson the placement the serdaband the
of presenceof statuesin shafts and in
the burial chambersin Junker,GizzaV11,86-7,125-6;V111,140;Shoukry,SASAE15,191 ff.
83
SenedjemibMehi relatesthe namesof the kings underwhom he served,DjedkareIsesi
and Unas, he
and probably died somewherearoundthe middle of the reign of 420
Unas.
MFA 13.3465is in very poor condition,andit is only possibleto makeout that it is the
remains of a statue of a nude male (D.4),421with the left leg advanced(S.4). MFA
13.3466is in better condition, but missesmost of the legs below the knees,and the
surface of the statue is in a poor state. It is a statue of a nude striding male (DA),
circumcised,wearingan echelon-curlwig coveringthe ears(W. 1). The left arm is held
forward at the elbow to hold a staff while the right arm is pendant.Both fists arepierced
(A. 3). The eyes were originally inlaid, but are now missing (Ac. 4). The quality of
carvingon the faceis very high.
A feature of the period from late Dynasty V into early Dynasty VI, that is, from the reign
of Unas through into the reign of Teti, is the growing number of statuessupplied for one
tomb. There are two tomb groups belonging to officials of Unas which can be dated to
this period.
Catalogue Nos. A 14-22, Cairo JE 93167-93175, are nine statues from a group
belonging to Akhtihotep, Director of wab-priests of Sekhmet of the Great House,
Prophetof Buto, from his mastabanearthe boat pits of Unas, discoveredin 1940by
AbdessalarnMohamedHussein(Pl. I la). All are now in the Cairo Museum.422They
can be divided into three groups, two for Akhtihotep himself, and a third for the single
statue of his wife. Five of the statuesshow Akhtihotep in the half-goffered kilt (D. 2 and
418 The five
captives, two in Boston, MFA 13.3458-9 and three in Cairo, accession numbers
unknown, do not fall within the scope of this study; cf. Posener, Cinqfigurines d'envofitement,
(Cairo, 1987), 2.
419 Dated
to the middle or end of the reign of Isesi, see Harpur, Decoration, 269 [219].
420 Strudwick, Administration, 133-4; Harpur, Decoration, 269 [2201; Cherpion, Mastabas, 229.
421 It has
emerged in the course of my research that nude statues from the same tomb are all either
circumcised or uncircumcised. No tomb has a circumcised and an uncircumcised statue in it.
Therefore MFA 13.3465 can be assumed to be circumcised as its partner, MFA 13.3466 is.
422 Zayed, ASAE 55 (1955), 127-137,
refers to ten statues, but nowhere in his illustrations can I
count more than nine. He relies for this figure on some handwritten notes by Drioton, the Director of
the Antiquities Service at the time. Batrawi, ASAE 48 (1948), 487-497, refers to only nine statues,
and I have only been able to locate nine in the Cairo Museum. It is possible that the elusive tenth
statue was in such a poor state of preservation that it has not survived, but there is no trace of any
such statue remains in the photographs taken of the serdab at the time of discovery and excavation.
84
D.2a) and the short echelon-curlwig co ering the ears(W. 1). Four havethe left arms
TY
held forward for a staff and the right pendant (A. 3),423while the fifth has both arms
pendantand the hands clasping Steink-enie(A. 424
1). The threeremainingstatuesof the
tomb owner all wear the lined DynastyV coiffure (W.2) but in combinationwith three
different costumes.JE 93169, Catalogue No. A19, Pl. 15a,is wearing a kneelength
wrap-overkilt (D. 1) with the arms pendant (A. 1); JE 93171, Catalogue No. A20, Pl.
15b,is wearing a long projecting-panelkilt with an elaboratelypaintedbelt (D.3), and
with the left arm held forward clasping a staff (A. 3). This statueis the largest of the
group, measuring 175 cm. JE 93172, Catalogue No. A21, Pl. 14c, is a nude,
circumcisedstatueof Akhtihotep (DA). The statueof the wife425is the normal Dynasty
V type,wearingthe shortstriatedDynastyV wig (WL I), a long sheathdress(Df.2), and
haswith the armspendantwith openhands(AQ).
Catalogue Nos. A23-32, a group of ten statues426from the tomb of Metri, Boundary
official, Prophet of Maat, also located near the Unas causeway at Saqqara, were
discovered by Firth in 1926.427
Catalogue No. A23, MMA 26.2.6, PI. 17, is a seatedstatuewearingthe echelon-
curl wig covering the ears (W. 1) and a plain white kilt (D. 5). The arms are resting on the
thighs in position A-4a.
Catalogue No. A24, MMA 26.2.2, PI. 18, is a standing statue wearing the half-
goffered kilt (D. 2) and a shoulder-length striated wig revealing the ears (W. 4) with the
arms in position A. 3.
Catalogue No. A25, MMA 26.2.4, Pl. 19a, wears the lined Dynasty V wig (W. 2)
and a projecting-panel kilt (D. 3) with the left arm holding a staff (A. 3).
Catalogue No. A26, Medelhavsmuseet MM 11410, P1.19b, is a nude,
circumcised statue(DA), in wig W. 2. The arms are pendantwith the handsclasping
Steinkeme(A. I).
The next two statues are cross-legged scribe statues, the first of their kind in wood.
423 JE 93168, Cat. No. A14, Pl. I lb; 93170, Cat. No. A15, Pl. 12; 93173, Cat. No. A16, Pl. 13b;
93175,Cat. No. A 17,Pl. IIc.

424 JE 93167,Cat. No. A 18,Pl. 14 a-b.
425 JE 93174,Cat. No. A22, P1.13a.
426 pl. 16. There
were originally eleven statuesin this group but according to Hayes, Scepter 1,
110, one was in such bad condition that it was discarded. Of the remaining ten, five went to the
Cairo Museum,and five to the Metropolitan Museumin New York.
427 C. M. Firth, ASAE26 (1926), 101.
85
Catalogue No. A27, JE 93165,Pl. 20 a, c-d, the larger,is wearingthe lined DynastyV
wig (W.2), a half-gofferedkilt only indicatedby the presenceof a protrudingtab (D.2b)
andholdsa bookroll in front of him in his lap (A.5). The remainsof a pair of tiny feet on
the basebesidehim are an interestingfeature.This is, then, the earliestdatablewooden
pair statueand it is unfortunatethat we have no meansof knowing whetherthe second
statuewasthe wife, a child, or maybeevena different relative.It is evenpossiblethat it
could havebeena favouredassistant.
Catalogue No. A28, JE 93166, Pl. 20b, has a dimpled skullcap428 or close'-
cropped natural hair (W. 3). The statue wears the same kilt as the previous one (D. 2b)
and is also holding a bookroll on the knees (A. 5). The legs of this statueare now missing
but are visible on an early excavation photograph.429 This shows them to have been
crossedunderneaththe bookroll.
Catalogue No. A29, JE 5208 1, PI. 21 is nude and circumcised (DA), with a black
skullcap (W. 3) and a hunch on his 430

back. The left ann is held acrossthe chest with the
open hand resting on the right shoulder. The right arm is pendant with a clasped fist
(A. 2a).
Catalogue Nos. A30-32, the female statuesfrom this tomb, show some new
To startwith, it is the first time that morethanonefemalestatueis present
characteristics.
in a tomb group.Then, althoughall threeare wearingthe sheathdress(Df.2), thereare
threedifferentcoiffures.MMA 26.2.3,CatalogueNo. A30, Pl. 22, is wearingthe normal
flared and striatedwig which reachesjust abovethe shoulders(Wf. 1). MMA 26.2.5,
CatalogueNo. A3 1, PI. 23 a-c, has a similar wig, but it is not flared (Wf. I a). Cairo JE
51738, CatalogueNo. A32, Pl. 23d, is wearingthe earliestexampleof a tripartite wig,
with two rounded bunches reachingto the top of the breastsin front (WL2). All of the
wigs cover the All
ears. threearestandingwith pendant armsand open hands(Af. 3).
Ile next threestatues,Catalogue Nos. A33-35, come from the mastabaof Kapunesut
and Kaemhesit at Saqqara.Strudwick431discussesthe dating of this mastabaand
anothernear it, that of Kaemsenuatsomelength, seeabovepp. 82-83, and concludes
428 This is
possibly an undersurfacepreparedfor a plaster'coating.
429 Zayed,Trois trudes, 19,fig. 15.
430 This
statuehas beenthe subject of a large number of articles. Seethe bibliography listed on p.
172.
431 Strudwick, Administration, 150.
86
that they probably date to late Dynasty V. This is supported by Baer,432while HarpUr433
narrows the time-scale down even further to the period encompassingthe transition from
the reign of Unas to that of Teti. Cherpion, 434 on the other hand, prefers a date in
Dynasty IV, based on six points which she discusses in detail on pp. 114-115. They
seem to be more indicative of a terminus post quem, however. The first three points are
only indicators of the last occurrence associatedwith a king's name and are no proof that
the style was never encounteredlater. The fourth point only refers to stone statues,and
the fact that the other burials had no wooden statuesis not mentioned. The last two points
are purely impressionistic and cannot be considered to support the theory of such an
early date satisfactorily on their own. The date proposed by Harpur is the one preferred
here.
Catalogue No. A33, Metropolitan Museumof Art, MMA 26.2.7, Pl. 24 a-b, is a
statueof Kapunesut from his serdab in the mastaba.It is a stridingmale (S.3), wearinga
close-fitting lined coiffure (W. 2), a half-goffered kilt with an inscription on the belt
(D.2), and has the right arm pendantwith the fist claspinga Steinkern.The left arm is
missing so we cannot know whether it was held forward for a staff, or also pendant
(A.6).
ýo.
Catalogue A34, Bosto MFA 24.604,Pl. 24 c-d, is the faceof a malestatue,
,n
also from Kapunesut's
serdab, which may be the one describedas 'the motheror wife of
by
Kapunesut' Firth. 435 It is wearing the lined coiffure (W. 2) and thus, despitethe
yellow colour, cannot be a female,
asthis type of coiffure only appearson malestatues.
In addition, it is 9 style that appearsto be confined to DynastiesIV and V, and to the
,
Saqqara necropolis. Its presence in this tomb is its latest known occurrence.
Unfortunately we are not able to discern whether it is styled in the natural hair, or
whetherit is a wig.
Catalogue No. A35, Cairo JE 67369,also comesfrom the serdabof Kapunesut,
and is at presentstoredin a magazinein the Museum in Cairo. It is in too precariousa
state to be examined and all information recordedhere comes from Zayed, Trois
ttudes, 1-13. The statueis striding (S.3), and is missing the head and the arms. A
sceptrefound in the debrisprobablybelongsto this statue,

and thereis a hole on the base
432 Rank
and Title, [528] 143-144.
433 Harpur, Decoration, 276 [526]. See further Quibell, Teti Pyramid. North Side., 16 and
Kanawati, Saqqara 1,7-8.
434Cherpion, Mastabas, 112-115.
435 Quibell
and Hayter, Teti Pyramid North Side, 20.
87
for the point of a staff, so the armswereheld in the position for staff andsceptre(A. 3).
The statueis wearing a half-goffered kilt with an elaborateknot and a tab up onto the
belly (D.2). The belt and the sceptreareinscribed.The baseis inscribedwith a long text,
and the remainsof a smaller statuecan clearly be seenbesidethe larger one.This wasa
figure of Sekhemka,the sonof Kapunesut.
Among the statueswWchcan be datedwith a reasonabledegreeof certaintyto the reign

of Teti arean unpublishedgroupof six found in 1983by MahmoudAbd el-Razikin the
tomb of Ny-kau-Isesi at 436
Saqqara. Threeare 3/4 lifesize, (Catalogue Nos. A36-38),
while the remainingthreeare small. All of them are in the magazinesat Saqqara.I was
permittedto view the threelargerstatuesbriefly while they wereundergoingpreservation
treatment,but haveneverbeenableto checkthe few notesI wasableto makeat the time.
Catalogue No. A36 is a nudestatue,circumcised(DA), wearingan echelon-curl
wig which revealsthe ears(W. 1a), the only exampleof this. The right arm is pendant
with the fist pierced,the left is bentforward at the elbowandalsohasa piercedfist (A.3).
The statueis striding, and the left leg was a separatepiece,attachedat the thigh (S.4a),
althoughthe legsarenow missing.
Catalogue No. A37 is a striding male but is now missing the legs (S.4a). It is
wearinga paintedskullcap(W.3) anda shortplain kilt (D.6). The armsarependantand
the fists are pierced(A.6). The earsare separatelycarvedandattachedto the headwith
437
pins. 7be originalinlaid eyesarenow missing(Ac.4).
Catalogue No. A38 is striding but is missing the legs (S.4a). It is wearing an
echelon-curlwig which coversthe ears(W. 1) and a long projecting-panelkilt (D.3a).
The right ann is pendantwith a piercedfist, the left is bentforward at the elbow (A.3).
Catalogue No. A39, Cairo JE 47775, Pl. 25 a-c, is a striding statue of a man called
Khenu. It comes from his tomb which is situated alongside that of Mereruka in the Teti
Pyramid Cemetery at Saqqara.438 It post-dates Mereruka as the connecting wall has
decoration of the tomb of Mereruka. 439It is possible
erased some of the original outer
that Khenu was a son of Mereruka, or a son of Khenu 1, who may have been a son of
436Strudwick,Administration,105;id. GM 43 (1981),69-71; Kanawati,Saqqara1,9.

437 This is
the only instanceof this in the whole corpus.
438 PM 111/2,537,Khenu [111Themi.
439 Firth & Gunn,42.
88
Mereruka,and a dateof Teti - Pepi I is suggested.440The statueshowsKhenu striding
(S.3) in a paintedskull cap (W.3) and a long patternedprojecting-panelkilt (D.3). The
left arm is pendantwith an open hand.The right hand is claspingthe edgeof the kilt,
with the fingers on the front surface,and the thumb behind (A. 7). This is the earliest
instanceof this way of holding the hands.Another interestingdetail is that the face is
madeasa separatepieceto therestof the statueandis dowelledon.
Catalogue Nos. A40-44 are five statues from the tomb of Metjetji. 441They are all in a
quite magnificent state of preservation, and despite the fact that he is 'revered before
Unas', can be dated to the reign of Pepi I with some certainty, thanks to the scenesin his
tomb chapel. 442 The five statues can be divided into two groups: Brooklyn 5 1.1 and
Nelson Atkins 5 1-1 both have close cropped hair (W. 3) and long projecting-panel kilts
(D. 3a), held in the right hand, while the left is pendant and open, a gesture (A. 8) which
becamevery popular later on in Dynasty VI, and continued in popularity throughout the
Middle Kingdom. The other three are all in variously decoratedwhite half-goffered kilts
(D. 2), and all wear the echelon-curl wig covering their ears (W. 1). MFA 14.1455 and
Brooklyn 53.222 have pendant arms with the hands clasping Steinkerne (A. 1).
Brooklyn 50.77 has the left ann bent forward at the elbow with the hand clasping a staff;
the right arm is pendant and the hand is clasping a Steinkern (A. 3a).
Catalogue No. A45, Cairo CG 267, Pl. 29a, is from the tomb of Kaiher-PtahFetekty,
G5560,anddatesto the periodcoveringthe reignsof Teti, PepiI andMerenre.443Junker
444
datesit to the endof DynastyVI becausethe statuewasfound in the burial chamber,
445
and others date it to the middle of Dynasty VI. It may have been one of the first
statuesto have been placed in the burial chamber. The statue is wearing an echelon-curl
440 Idem.
441 Cat. No. A40, Boston MFA 47.1455, Pl. 25e; Cat. No. A41, Brooklyn 53.222, Pl. 26; Cat. No.
A42, Brooklyn 50.77, Pl. 27; Cat. No. A43, Brooklyn 5 1.1, Pl. 28; Cat. No. A44, Kansas City, Nelson
Atkins Museum 51-1, Pl. 25d, f.
442 See Harpur, Decoration, 274 [426].
443
op. cit., 271 [279]; PM 111/2,166.
444 Junker, Giza VIII, 3-4.
445 Baer, Rank
and Title, dates it to Dynasty VI: 148 [5441, and is followed by Strudwick,
Administration, 154. Cherpion, Mastabas, 229, places this tomb into the reign of Menkauhor,
which is not consistent with any of the other dating criteria. The man is the Overseer of the new
settlements of the Pyramid of Isesi, so cannot predate that reign.
89
wig coveringthe ears(W. 1), a half-gofferedkilt with an elaborateknot but no belly tab
(D.2c), andis striding (S.3). The right arin is pendantwith the fist pierced;the left is held
forward at the elbow andis piercedtoo (A.3). The baseis inscribed.All of thesefeatures
areconsistentwith a datein the first half of DynastyVI.
The necropolis of Sedment is the provenance of a small number of statues dating to the
Old Kingdom, the First Intermediate Period, and the Middle Kingdom. The site was
excavated by Petrie and Brunton in 1921, and published by them in two volumes which
appeared in 1924.446 A recent reassessment of the excavation447 has resulted in a
number of disappointing conclusions: firstly, the pottery is nearly all intrusive,
introduced into the earlier burials during the First Intermediate Period and the early
Middle Kingdom; secondly, only one of the burials which had statues was undisturbed,
that of Meryrehashtef, No. 274; thirdly, the inconsistencies and omissions apparent in the
publication cannot be resolved by reference to the original notes and records. 448 Petrie
and Brunton's relative order of the tombs containing statues is: 274 (Meryrehashtef), 613
(Nenni), 604 (Nebemhennenesu), 2106 (Wadjhotep), 2112 (Merytites), and 2127
(Nakhtkawi).
The few scraps of archaeological information which can be gleaned from the
excavation reports tell us that Cemetery A datesto the late Old Kingdom. Only tomb 274
comes from this cemetery, and it had no pottery in it. Some of the graves in Cemetery L
have intrusive pottery from Seidlmayer's "SedmenterFormation Stufe IIA - IIB", that is,
from early Dynasty XI up to the reign of Senwosret 1.449The original burials therefore
predate this period. Tomb 604 is in this category and can be further narrowed down in
date to the period at the very end of the Old Kingdom, see below pp. 101. Tomb 613 on
the other hand, also from Cemetery L, contained no intrusive pottery, and the style of the
burial appears to be later. The inscription on the base of the statue contains elements
which date it to the Middle Kingdom. 450 Cemetery L appearsto be generally of a slightly
446Petrie,Sedment
I& 11.
447Seidlmayer,
Grdberfelder,247-341.
448
op.cit.,248.
449
op.cit.,395.
450
op. cit., 251. The writing of tpt-dwj with ap challengesan early date for this statue,see
Schenkel,Frahmitteldgyptische Studien,38L The presenceof the stonedeterminativefor dw also
pointsto a MiddleKingdomdate;seeWb.V, 541.
90
later datethan CemeteryA. Cemetery2 1, in which the other threetombs are situated,
cannot be assignedany date range.Not only has it been successivelyreused,but the
original plan of the distribution of the graves has disappeared rendering any
reconstructionof the internalprogressionimpossible.The statuesfrom CemeteriesL and
21 canonly be datedon the evidenceof comparisonwith materialfrom CatalogueA, and
are thereforeplacedinto CatalogueB, but the statueof Nakhtkawi has no satisfactory
parallelsin CatalogueA and is thereforeplaced into CatalogueC. None of the statues
from CemeteriesL and 21 show characteristicswhich would mark them as Middle
Kingdom ratherthanOld Kingdom or First IntermediatePeriod,besidesthe statuefrom
Tomb 613.
Catalogue Nos. A46-49 are a group of statues from tomb 274, three statuesof
451andonefemalestatue,traditionallydatedto the reign of PepiI on the
Meryrehashtef,
basisof the presenceof that king's prenomenin the tomb owner'sname.On the basisof
pottery found in a neighbouring tomb, of approximately the samedate, but bearing in
mind the commentsmadeabove aboutthe pottery being intrusive, the earliestpossible
datewould be the first half of DynastyV1,452so it seemslikely that Meryrehashtefwas
born during the reign of Pepi I, and probably servedunder Merenreand perhapseven
into the early yearsof Pepi11aswell. The statuesareall nudeandcircumcised(DA), and
are all striding 3).
(S. They to
appear depict the tomb owner in different phasesof his life,
in youth, in maturity, and in middle age. A47 is the youth. The statue is wearing an
echelon-curl wig covering the ears (W. 1b), and the arms are pendant. Although the
handsare damaged,both handsare holding Steinkerne(A. 1). A46 is the maturemale,
showing the tomb owner in a short, closer-fitting echelon-curlwig which revealsthe
earlobes(W. 1b), the first instanceof this. The statueis striding (S.3), and hasthe right
arm pendantandthehandclaspinga sceptre.The left is bentforward at the elbowandthe
handis claspinga staff (A. 3). A48 is very similar in style to the previousone,wearing
the samewig (W. I b) and with the arms in the sameposition. The major difference is
that instead of a sceptrein the right hand, a white painted Steinkem is held instead
(A.3a).This statueis consideredto be the tomb owner in middle age.
Catalogue No. A49, Pl. 29b, is a female statuefrom the sametomb. I have not
beenableto locateit. Mokhtar453saysthat it is in the Ny CarlsbergGlyptotek,but this is
451Cat.No.A46,CairoJE46992,PI.29c;Cat.No.A47,BritishMuseum
EA 55722,PI.29d;Cat.
GlyptotekEIN 1560,PI.29e.
No.A48,Ny Carisberg
452
op.cit.,251.
91
454 It is fortunately illustrated in Petrie, Sedinent 1, Pl. xi, 3&7,
not the case. and the
following analysis is drawn from that source. The figure is very squareand is wearing a
bagwig covering the ears (WL3). The statue is nude (DO), and is standing with the legs
together (Sf.2). The arms are pendant with open hands (Af. 3). The statuedoes not appear
to be wearing any jewellery. An interesting feature is the black line drawn down the front
from the chin to the navel, which divides the statueinto two halves and may have been a
guideline used by the sculptor. If this is the case, the statue must be regarded as
unfinished, as the guidelines would have been removed from a finished object.
Catalogue No. A50, Turin, Museo Egizio, Inv. Suppl. 13719-13842,455Pl. 30 a-b, is a
striding figure of Iti, 456excavated by Farina in 1935 at Gebelein, and associatedwith a

bronze font inscribed im3ow tir nbf Ppi Mmrý The font is of particular interest as it is
possible evidence for a coregency between Pepi I and Merenre, or between Merenre and
Pepi 11.Mumane457concludes that a coregency between Merenre and Pepi II is "highly
doubtful on all counts". The likelihood of Merenre associating his younger brother
...
with him on the throne from the virtual moment of his succession is certainly not very
strong. Pepi II is a son of Pepi 1; he succeededto the throne at the age of six; he was
precededon the throne by his brother who ruled for at least six years. Pepi 11must have
been born very near to the end of his father's reign, but the only way to satisfactorily
encompassa possible seventh regnal year for Merenre (attributed to him by Manetho) is
a coregency between Pepi I and Merenre. The only evidence up to now for such a
hasbeen bearingboth kings' 458 this font is
coregency a gold pendant names, so valuable
additionalevidence.The sequence of the royal namesalso supportsthe view that PepiI is
meant. Thus, the date of this statueis the reign of Merenre. The figure is wearing an
echelon-curlwig with one long layer to the level of the forehead,then severalshorter
layersandcoveringthe ears(W.5), the first instanceof this style, anda long projecting-
panelkilt (D.3). The armsarependantwith the left handopenandthe right handclasping
453 An6sya, 104.
454 Personal
communicationfrom M. Jorgensen,Curator,Ny CarlsbergGlyptotek.
455 These
are the inventory numbersgiven to the entire contentsof the tomb. No individual number
appearsto be on any individual item.
456 This Iti is
not to be confusedwith anotherIti from Gebelein,the owner of a paintedchapelalso
in Turin. PM V, 62. Cf. Curto in Milanges GamalEddin Mokhtar 1,171..
457Ancient Egyptian Coregencies,111-4,227.
458 SeeLA
IV, 76-77; Drioton, ASAE45 (1947),55-56.
92
a tube of cloth at the side of the skirt (A. 8). This is the first instanceof this mannerof
holding the anns.
Catalogue Nos. A51-53 are a group of statuesexcavatedfrom the mastabaof Hetepi,

Royal w1bpriest, D 211 in the West Field at Giza, by Steindorff in 1903.The most
recentestimationsof their dateplacetheminto the secondhalf of DynastyVI, the period
from the reign of Merenreinto that of PepiJ1.459
Threequite small statueswerefound in
the burial chamber.Two of these are now in the Roemer-und Pelizaeus-Museumin
Hildesheim;the otherwas in Leipzig until it waslost during the SecondWorld War. A
further, female,statueapparentlyalso belongsto this group, but I havebeenunableto
locateit.460
Catalogue No. A51, HildesheirnInv. Nr. 1572,Pl. 30 c-d, showsHetepi seated
(S.5), leaningslightly forward, and wearinga half-length striatedwig which coversthe
ears (W. 4c). The statue is wearing a half-goffered kilt with a carved knot and perhapsa
tab up onto the belly (D.2d), andthe arrnsarerestingon the thighs;the left handis flat on
the left knee,palmdown,the right is a naturalfist with the thumbuppermost(A.4).
Catalogue No. A52, Hildesheirn Inv. Nr- 1574, Pl. 31a, is a fragmentary striding
statue of Hetepi (S.4). It is wearing an echelon-curl wig covering the ears (W. 1), and a
half-goffered kilt with a carved knot (D. 2d). The left leg is advanced (S.4). From what
remains of the arms, the left appearsto have been pendant with a pierced fist (A. 6a).
Only a photograph remains of Catalogue No. A53, Leipzig University Museum
Inv. Nr. 2688, with no indication of size, reproduced here as Pl. 3 1b. It shows a striding
male (S.2), in an echelon-curl wig covering the ears (W. 1). The statue is wearing a half-
goffered kilt with an elaborate carved knot (D. 2d). The left leg is advanced (S.2). The
arms are pendant with the hands held as natural fists. There does not appear to be any
trace of a Steinkem in either hand (A. 9).
Catalogue No. A54, British Museum EA 29594, PI. 31c-e,Tjeti, was purchasedby
Moss in Egypt in 1898,andhasrecentlybeenattributedwith somedegreeof certaintyto
Akhmim. 461Kanawati suggeststhat this Tjeti is the sameas the one who owns tomb
459 CAA Hildesheim 4/11-18. Harpur, Decoration, 268 [1731, is
unable to give a more precise
datethan Dynasty VI.
460 pM 111/2,117.It is
possible that one of the females in Catalogue B is this female, but as there
is no photographavailable this cannot be checked.
93
M8, Tjeti Kai-hep, who dates to the period Merenre - early Pepi 11.462The titles are in
agreement with this, as is the stylistic similarity to the statues of Meryrehashtef

(Catalogue Nos. A46,47, and 48). The figure is nude, circumcised and striding (DA and
S.3), and is wearing a short echelon-curl wig with one long layer to the forehead and
several shorter ones behind, and which covers the ears (W. 5). The right arm is pendant
with a pierced fist. The left arm is bent forward and is holding a staff (A. 3).
Catalogue No. A55, Cairo JE 30796,and Catalogue No. A56, JE 30797,come from
the tomb of Niankhpepi Kern SobekhotepHepikem,Tomb AI at Meir. This tomb can
be datedto early in the reign of Pepi 11.463
The tomb was discoveredin March 1894
during excavations conducted for the Department of Antiquities by Daressy and
Barsanti.464It containedone large statueof the owner, JE 30796, Pls. 32 & 33, one
medium sized one, JE 30797, Pl. 34, and severalsmaller statues,most of which are
offering bearersor otherworkers.Among the latteris a standingstatueof a nudefemale,
JE 30809.465Thereare threeholes on the back of her head,in one of which is a long
plait of hair, on the end of which is a wooden plug. This is similar to those wom by
dancerson tomb reliefs466and this is probably what the female is. As such,it is not a
statueof the tomb owner'swife andtakesno furtherpart in this survey.
Catalogue No. A55, JE 30796 shows the tomb owner striding (S.3), wearing a
closefitting wig, with the locks in a verticalpattern,surroundingand disclosingthe ears
(W.6). This is the only exampleof this type of wig. The statueis also wearing a short
white kilt with an elaboratebelt and a tab up to the left handside of the navel, and an
elaboratebeadapronhangsfrom the centralclaspof the belt (D.2b and Ac.5). The right
is
arm pendant with the hand clasped around a Steinkem. The left arm is bent forward at
the elbow andis claspinga staff (A.3a).The baseis inscribed.
Catalogue No. A56, JE 30797, shows an older, plumper figure wearing a
skullcapor the naturalhair cut very short (W.3), and a long projecting-panelkilt (D.3a).
461Kanawati,El HawawishVIL 57,pl. 17;111,7 ff.
462HarpurdatestombM8to V1.4-5, thefirsthalfof thereignof Pepi11.Decoration,
281[667].
463Strudwick,Administration,176,datesthetombto the
middleof DynastyV1,asdoesBaer,
Rankand Title,84 [2121;Cherpion,Mastabas,230,datesit to the reignof PepiI; Harpur,
Decoration,
280,[652],datesit to VIA, thatis,earlyPepiH.
464Blackman,Meir1,14-15.
465CG248,Borchardt,Statuen 1,Pl.53.
466E. Davies,Deirel Gebrdwi 1,Pls.IX, X andfrontispiece.
g.
94
There is a large fat fold at the breasts.The left arm is pendantwith an openhand, the
right is clasping a tube of cloth at the side of the skirt, with the thumb on top (A. 8). The
left leg is slightly advanced(S.2).
Among the tombs of the officials of Pepi II buried at Saqqara South in the area
surrounding his pyramid, and excavated by G. Jdquier from 1927 onwards, is tomb M
XIII, which belongs to the Vizier Meryre-ima Pepi-ima. Jequier considered this tomb to
be the oldest of the group, and dated it to the second quarter of the reign of Pepi Il. 467
Catalogue No. A57, Cairo JE 59631, Pl. 35, is a half life-size statue of the vizier, found
wrapped in linen on the floor of the burial chamber. It shows a portly figure in a skullcap
(W. 3) and long projecting-panel kilt (D. 3a). There is a large carved knot inserted into the
waistband and which rises to the left of the navel, almost obscuring it. The arms are
pendant, with the left hand open. The right is clasping a tube of cloth at the side with the
thumb concealedbetween the hand and the body (A. 8). The left leg is advanced(S.3).
Catalogue No. A58, Cairo CG 154, Pl. 36, is a statueof Djadjaemankh468

from his
tomb at Saqqara,No. A75 [1310].The dateis discussedby Strudwick, who tentatively
suggeststhe middle of Dynasty VI, that is, from late Pepi I to early Pepi H;469by Baer,
it
who dates to the reign of Pepi 11;470 by Harpur who dates the tomb to her period
VIA-5, early to mid Pepi11;471andby Cherpion,who placesit into the reign of Unas.472
The titles in the tomb saythat the tomb owner was a memberof the priesthoodof Unas
and it cannot thereforepredatethat reign.The daterangeearly to mid Pepi 11is followed
here, after Strudwick, Baer and Harpur. The statue is of a striding male (S.3), in an
echelon-curl wig covering the ears (W. 1). It is wearing a short white kilt, but any
decorationwhich may havebeenpresenton the original plastercoveringhasdisappeared
with it (D.6). The right arm is pendantand the hand is claspedarounda The
Steinkem.
left arm is held forward at the elbow andthe hand is piercedfor a staff (A. 3a).The base
is inscribedwith the namesand someof the titles of the tomb owner, and it was found
467 For
references see Strudwick, Administration, 95. Further: Harpur, Decoration, 252, who
allocates it to the first half of the reign.

468 Called Tepernankh in PM 111/2,483.Cf. Gardiner, Grammar, Sign List DI.
469 Administration, 156-7.
470 Rank
and Title, 151 [558].
471 Decoration, 277 [1301.
472 Cherpion, Mastabas, 229.
95
in Museum. 473
with a granite scribe statuealso the Cairo
The tomb of Ishtji Tjetji from Saqqara,excavatedby Lauer in 1948, is located among a
group of tombs of officials of Pepi I and II, to the west of the Step Pyramid. Ishtji Tjetji
is Chief of the Estatesof the Pyramids of Pepi I and 11,and therefore cannot predatethe
Pepi 11.A date in the reign of Pepi II is taken here.474 Besides several models
reign of
and offering bearers, four statuesof the deceased were found in the serdab, (Catalogue
Nos. A59-62) as well as a further male statue which may be part of a model scene
(Catalogue No. A63). The four statuesof the deceaseddivide neatly into two pairs, both
in terms of scale and costume.
Catalogue No. A59, JE 88575, Pl. 37, and Catalogue No. A60, JE 88576, Pl.
38, are statuesof the tomb owner striding (S.3) andbearingstaff and sceptre(A. 3). JE
88575is 72.5 cm and JE 88576is 72 cm tall. Both weara shortplain white kilt which is
lower around the belly than around the back (D. 6). They each have a different wig,
however. JE 88575 wears a short, smooth, flared wig which doesnot cover the ears
(W.4a), and on the chin is a false beard(Ac. 14). JE 88576wearsa short echelon-curl
wig, with one long layer to the forehead,and which coversthe ears(W.5). Thereis no
trace of a beard. Both statueshave their right arm pendant and the hand clasping a
sceptre, the left is bent forward at the elbow with the hand clasping a staff (A. 3). The
thumbsof both statuesarevery elongated.
Catalogue No. A61, Cairo JE 88578, Pl. 39 a-b, and Catalogue No. A62, JE
88577,Pl. 39 c-d, show the tomb owner in a black skull cap (W.3), andwearinga long
projecting-panelkilt (D. 3a). They 40
are cm and 52.5 cm tall respectively.JE 88578
depictsa young face, with the arms pendantand the left hand open.The right hand is
claspingthe front edgeof the kilt with the fingers on the outer surfaceand the thumb
behind(A. 7). JE 88577is of an older man,andthis time the armsareboth pendantwith
clasped fists (A. 1). The back view of the hands revealsSteinkeme. It is possiblethat the
right hand originally clasped a tube of cloth from the kilt, but the relevant part is now
brokenaway. Both statuesare striding with the left foot advanced(S.1, JE 88578, and
S.3, JE 88577).
Catalogue No. A63, Cairo JE 88581(Pl. 40), showsa malein a standingposition
(S.7), wearing a short smoothblack wig coveringthe ears(W.7) and a plain shortwhite
473 CG 162.
474 Following Harpur,Decoration,273, [3671.
96
kilt (D.6). The left arm is pendantwith a crudepiercedfist, the right is held up acrossthe
chestwith the openhand restingon the left shoulder(A. 10). This is
statue lessthanhalf
the size of the smallestof the four statuesdefinitely attributableto Ishtji Tjetji himself,
measuringonly 19cm.
The next six statues also come from the area surrounding the pyramid of Pepi 11at
SaqqaraSouth.Thosewith the letter M before the tomb numbercome from the areato
the eastof the pyramid,thosewith the letter N, from the areato the north, andthosewith
the letter 0 from the area to the west.
Catalogue No. A64, NeuchAtel EG 400, Pl. 41 a, from tomb N VIII, belongs to the
Overseerof Tenants of the Great House Raherka Ipi, and can be dated by its false door to
the reign of Pepi 11.475The statue, found in the burial chamber with a seated stone
statue476and a coffin'477 is a standing male (S.7) in poor condition. It appears to have
been wearing a skullcap (W. 3) and a long projecting-panel kilt (D. 3a). A large separately
carved knot is inserted in a hole to the left hand side of the navel. The arms were pendant
with the right handholding the front of the kilt (A.7a).
Catalogue No. A65, JE 49119, Pl. 41 c-d, from tomb M II belongs to an unidentified
person and is dated by association to the reign of Pepi 11.478

The statue is a striding male
(S.3), wearing a skullcap (W. 3) and a long projecting-panel kilt (D. 3a). A large knot is
inserted to the left hand side of the navel. The arms are pendant,with the left hand
claspedas a natural fist, while the right is holding the front of the kilt, with the fingerson
the outersurfaceandthe thumbbehind(A.7b).
Catalogue No. A66, Cairo JE 52565,Pl. 42 a-b, and Catalogue No. A67, JE 52564,
Pl. 42 c-d, were found in tomb M XI. This tomb belongs to Mehi, overseerof the gs-
pr, and is also dated to the reign of Pepi 11.479
JE 52565 is a striding male (S
-2),
skullcapped (W. 3), and wearing a long projecting-panel kilt (13.3a).The arms are
475Strudwick, 17.
Administration,
476 NeuchAtelEG 399.
477 Cairo JE 52012. This coffin originally belongedto Meryre-irna Pepi-irna,CatalogueNo. A57.
The relative datesof thesestatuesis thereforesecure.

478 Mquier, Tombeaux,8-9.
479 pM 111/2,682saysend of DynastyVI.
97
pendantwith the left handopen,andthe right holdinga fold of the kilt with the fingerson
the front surfaceandthe thumbbehind (A.7). A large,separatelycarvedknot is inserted
into the kilt below the waistband.JE 52564 is a standing(S.7) nude,circumcisedmale
(DA), wearinga flared striatedwig, coveringthe ears(W.4c). 7be armsarependantand
thehandsareheld asnaturalfists (A. 9).
Catalogue No. A68, Cairo JE 58375, Pl. 43 a-b, comesfrom the mastabaof Nipepi,
No. 01. The standing(S.7) nudemalestatuewasfound in the secondburial chamber.It
is wearinga skullcap(W.3) and haspendantarms.The lower part of the right arm was
separatelyattachedandis now missing. The left handis claspedasa naturalfist (A.9a).
The penisappearsto be circumcised(DA). This statue,too, is datedto the reign of Pepi
11ý80
Catalogue No. A69, Neuchatel EG 403, Pl. 41b, is a statue of the vizier and chief
justice, Shenay,and was found in the chapel of tomb N V. Shenaycan be datedwith
certaintyto the middle of the reign of Pepi11.481
reasonable The statueis striding (S.4b),
andwearingan echelon-curlwig with one layer to the foreheadthenseveraloverlapping
layers,coveringthe ears(W.5). The armsare pendantwith naturalfists (A.9). The statue
is wearing a short white kilt with a carvedoverlapbut no pleating.There may be a tab
carvedto the left handsideof the navel(D.2e).
Catalogue Nos. A70-A76. Due to a misreading by De Morgan of one of the titles, sinr
wrty, tomb No. 24 at Dahshur, has for a long time been attributed to a man called
Sankhwati. This was basedon the inscription on a group of servants (CG 511) from the
tm3ow 9py. To ftirther complicate matters, one of the statueshas
tomb: sinr wely bry-ýb
a very damaged inscription which clearly shows the outline of a cartouche. The traces
would agree with the cartouche of Snefru, and other tombs in the vicinity can be
attributed to men with names including the cartouche of Snefru, for example Niankh-
Snefru and Neferher-Snefru. 482The owner of Tomb 24 could be Shepy, or could be a
man named something-Snefru. What is more likely, is that the tomb was no longer intact
when discovered, and that statues from more than one burial were gathered in it,
480 Bacr, Rank
and Title, 95 [283].
481 Strudwick,Administration, 141; Harpur,Decoration, 252.
482 PM HI/2,892.
98
although their uniform style indicates that they all belong to the sametime period. The
tomb was excavatedby De Morgan in the early 1890'sandhe lists 30 woodenmodelsin
his publication.483Of these,it is not clear how many are statuesof the tomb owner and
how many are servantfigures.I havelocatedsevenfiguresof the tomb ownerandof the
remaining unlocatedstatues, thirteen could possibly also be relevant. The tomb was
discoveredin a groupof DynastyVI tombseastof the North Pyramid of Snefru,andis
datedto the secondhalf of the reign of Pepi 11.
Catalogue No. A70, CG 505, Pl. 46a-c,484Catalogue No. A71, CG 514, Pl.
485
43c-d, and Catalogue No. A72, CG 516, Pl. 486
44a-b, show the tomb owner in the
echelon-curlwig with one long layer to the forehead,then severaloverlappinglayers,
covering the ears(W. 5). All three have their arms pendantwith piercedfists (A. 6). CG
516 is missingthe left arm (A.6a). CG 514 wearsa short plain kilt with a carvedline for
the overlap,anda carvedbelt (D.2f). CG 505 and CG 516 havea carvedtab up onto the
belly to the left of the navel (D.2e). CG 505 and CG 514 have their left legs advanced
(S.3), while CG 516 has its legs together (S.7). CG 505 is the statuewith tracesof a
cartouche on its base,
damaged possibly that of Snefruforming part of a name'487but is
no longerlegible.488
Catalogue No. A73, CG 513, Pl. 45a-b,489showsthe tomb owner seated(S.5),
wearingan close-fittingechelon-curlwig which coversthe ears(W. 1), and a shortwhite
kilt which is higher aroundthe back (D.6). The armsare resting on the knees,with the
left hand flat on the left knee, palm downwards, and the right a natural fist, with the
thumb uppen-nost(A-4).
Catalogue No. A74, CG 517, Pl. 45c-d,490also shows the tomb owner seated
(S. 5), but the knees are too badly decayed to see what the hands are doing (A. 4b). This
time, the wig is the striated, slightly flared wig parted in the centre and covering the ears
(W. 4c). The statue is also wearing a small false beard on the chin (Ac. 14). The kilt is a
483 Dahchour, 18ff.

484
op. cit., 21 no. 17; Pl. IV.
485 21 19; Pl. IV.
op. cit., no.
486 21 18; Pl. IV.
op. cit., no.
487 As for the
owners of tombs nos. 2,8, and II in the same group. See PM 11112,891-892..
488 SeeBorchardt, Statuen 11,74.
489 21 11. The height for this is listed, but height the base
op. cit., no. statue not correctly the of
may not have been included. The total height of this statue is 31.2 cm.
490
op. cit., 20 no. 6, fig. 48.
99
short white one, but there is a clear paintedtab on the belly to the left handside of the
navel(D.2b).
Catalogue No. A75, CG 503, Pl. 44a-b,, 491is alsowearinga striatedwig,
with no
partingandflaring widely over the shouldersandcoveringthe ears(W.4c). The armsare
pendantwith the handsheld as natural fists (A. 9). The kilt is short and white, higher
behind,andhasa paintedtab up onto the left hand sideof the navel (D.2b). The legsare
together(S.7).
Catalogue No. A76, CG 506, Pl. 47a-b,492showsthe tomb owner in a skullcap
(W.3) and a long projecting-panelkilt (D.3a).The left leg is advanced(S.1). Thereis a
carvedknot insertedinto the waistbandunderthe navel.The armsare pendant,with the
left handopen,andthe right claspedarounda tubeof cloth at the side (A.8). The thumb
is carvedin erroron the outersurfaceof the tube.
Catalogue No. A77, Cairo JE 93164, Pl. 48, is a striding statue of Rekhuf which was
excavatedat Saqqarain 1937-8 by Selim Hassan.The mastaba,S. 10694, is located near

the south-west comer of the Step Pyramid enclosure. It is possible that this man is a son
of Akhtihotep, the owner of tomb E 17 (Strudwick's No. A4), situated very close by. The
tides are not the same as the ones given to the son Rekhuf in that tomb, "but this cannot
be used as evidence against a connection since the information in their tombs is very
poor". 493The tomb of Akhtihotep is dated by Baer to the second half Dynasty VI, 494
of
which would imply that the tomb of his son is somewhat later. Harpur supports him in
this, allocating a date of VI. 6 to Rekhuf, that is, years 55-85 of Pepi 11,and a date of VI. 5
to Akhtihotep, that is, years 35-54 of Pepi IT.495 Strudwick, however, inclines to an
earlier date for Akhtihotep, the "end of the fifth dynasty to early sixth', 496and thus also
for an early date for Rekhuf "early to middle sixth dynasty,'. 497A female offering bearer
was also found in this tomb. 498Initial researchinto female offering bearers499shows
491
op.cit.,20 no.7, fig. 49.
492 21 20; Pl. IV.
op. cit., no.
493 Harpur, Decoration, 19-20. See
also Strudwick, Administration, 116 (94).
494 Baer, Rank
and Title, 53 [14].
495 Decoration, 272 [3391
and 275 [455].
496 Administration, 57-8
(4).
497
op. cit., 116.
498 Presentlocation
unknown. Cf. Breasted, Egyptian Servant Statues,61 [6]; ILN June 4,1938,
fig. 5. p. 1001.
100
that they beganto appearindependentlyof domesticscenestowardsthe end of Dynasty
VI. This supportsthe later date suggestedby Baer and Harpur. The statueof the tomb
owner is striding 3),
(S. wearingan echelon-curl
wig coveringthe ears(W. 1), and a short
white kilt with a polychromewaistbandwhich showstracesof an elaboratebeadapron
(D.2g and Ac.5). The right arm is pendantwith a piercedfist, the left is bent forward at
the elbow andthe handis claspinga staff (A. 3). An unusualdetail is that the knot of the
kilt risesto the right of the navelratherthanto theleft.
Catalogue No. A78, Ashmolean Museum 1914.39,Pl. 46d-e, is the headof a statue
from tomb D2 at Meir.500The tomb belongsto PepiankhHeryib and datesto the later
part of the reign of Pepi J1.501This man is a son of Nyankhpepi Kern, discussedabove
pp. 94-95, who dates to the early yearsof Pepi Il. The headis skullcapped(W.3).
Catalogue Nos. A79 and A80, Oxford, Ashmolean Museum 1921.1418 and
1921.1419,Pls. 49 & 50, respectively,are two statuesof Nebemhennenesufrom his
tomb No. 604 at Sedment. 502They both wear the bagwig covering the ears (W.7), a
short,plain white skirt (D.6), andhave their armspendant
with the handsheld asnatural
fists (A. 9). The inscriptions on the bases provide a date range for these statues.
According to Fischer,503the title Ipsw nsw is confined to Dynasty VI, first coming
into useat the beginningof the Dynasty,then going out of useat the end of it, or slightly
evidencepointsto the later endof this range,i.e. the very endof
later.The archaeological
DynastyVI.
N IV at SaqqaraSouthis a tomb with twin burial chambers,in eachof which wasfound

The be datedto the endof the reignof Pepi11or slightly later.504
a malestatue. tombcan
499Originallyintended to formapartof thisthesis,theirpublication
hasbeenpostponea alongwith
theFirstintermediatePeriodandMiddleKingdomstatues.
500Blackman, MeirIV.
501Baer,RankandTitle,[ 133]70.Harpur,Decoration, 280[6501,datesit morepreciselyto VI.7,
theyearsjustafterthereignof Pepi11.Cherpion,Mastabas, 231datesit to thereignof Pepi11.
502Seeabovepp.90-91.Petrie,Sedment 1,4,Pl.XVII, 1.Forthereadingof thenameseeFischer,
JAOS81(1961),423-425. Thisis theearliestknownmentionof thetownof Heracleopolis fromthe
regionitself. Seealso,Mokhtar,lhniisya,53.Petrie,op.cit. andPM IV, 116.readthenameas
Nebemsuhet. Theyhavebeenfollowedin thisby Seidlmayer, Griuberfelder,252.
503op.cit.,423.
101
Catalogue No. A81, NeuchAtelEG 401, Pl. 47c, is a statueof Biu. It is striding
(S.4), andwearsa shortechelon-curlwig coveringthe ears(W. 1). The armsarependant
andthe handsarenaturalfists (A.9). The statueis wearinga shortplain white kilt (D.6).
Catalogue No. A82, NeuchatelEG 402, Pl. 47d, is a statueof Pepi.It is striding
(S.4a), and wearsa short echelon-curlwig, with onelayer to the forehead,then several
shorterlayers,coveringthe ears(W.5). The armsare now missing (A. 11).The statueis
wearinga half-gofferedkilt with a tabup onto the left handsideof the navel(D.2a).
Catalogue Nos. A83-102. The statuesfrom the tomb of Tjeteti, mostrecentlydatedto

the end of the reign of Pepi II at the earliest'505havehad a long and chequeredcareer.
Excavatedat Saqqaraby Firth in 1921-2, in the Teti Pyramid Cemetery,they have
remainedlargely unpublishedup to this day. In the meantime,they havebeenscattered
through the museums of the world. Recently, some attempts have been made to
reassemblethe contents of this tomb, most notably by Peterson506and Malek and
Magee.507Thereoriginally appearto havebeentwenty statuesin the tomb. In addition,
therearethreeindividual femaleoffering bearers, 508
severalmodelgroups, anda seated
limestonemalestatue.509Of the twenty statues,oneis female510andnineteenaremale.
Petersonlists a total of twenty male statuesbut the threestatueslisted by him as 18-20
on p. 22 of his article are the statuesJE 93161-3,511of which JE 93162 is the statue
illustratedon the left in the photographon p. 21. This reduceshis total of malestatuesto
therequisitenineteen.
Fourteenof the statuescanbe locatedwithout difficulty, four are still missing,and
the last, the one on the right in the photographon Peterson'sp. 20, is Cairo JE 64905,
CatalogueNo. A87, Pl. 53. This statue is inscribed for a man called Shemi, but the
distinctive keyhole shapeof the hole on the front of the kilt, clearly visible on the
photograph, is unmistakable. lists
Porter-MOSS512 an offering table found in the Teti
504Harpur,Decoration,
273[6501,datesit to VI.7,justaftertheendof thereignof PcpiIl.
505Strudwick,Administration,
160(159);Harpur,Decoration,277[551].
506MedelhavsmuseetBulletin20(1985),3-24.
507Fortheirforthcoming TetiPyramidCemetýries 111.
publication
508Peterson,
Medelhavsmuseet Bulletin20 (1985),22-24.
509
op.cit.,7.
510
op.cit..23.
511Catalogue Nos.A90OE93161),A91(JE93163),andA95(JE93162).
512111/2,571.
102
Pyramidareabelongingto a man called Shemi,Inspectorof dancers,whosetitles match
thoseof this statue.The presenceof the unusualgesticulatingfigure in the title makesit
certainthat we aredealingherewith two objectsfrom the sameman (Seethe discussion
in Appendix 1, p. 381). Thus the statueof Shemiis certainly intrusive in the burial of
Tjeteti, if it did indeedform part of the group when discovered.This leadsus at onceto
the question, how reliable are Gunn's notes as far as the contents of this tomb are
concerned?An examination of the relevant pagesshows the statue of Shemi firmly
included amongthe statuesof Tjeteti, so that it appearsimpossiblefor it to havebeen
accidentallyattributedto thegroup on the basisof being the next statuein the notebooks.
A letterfrom Firth discussingthe find, andreproducedby Petersonin his article,513says
that severalstatueswere found in a recessin the wall of the shaft, and that the burial
chamber had been well plundered, but he does not mention one of the statues being
inscribedfor a different person.The offering tablebelongingto Tjeteti, found elsewhere
in the area514and reattributed to the tomb by Peterson515also implies a degreeof
movement of the contentsof the tombs of this period, resulting in a generalmix-up of
contents, but keeping within the same periods.There is nothing aboutthe statueor the
offering table belongingto Shemi to mark them as being of a different dateto the tomb
of Tjeteti, and in this discussion,
therefore,they areregardedasbeing contemporary.The
statuesof Tjeteti areusually inscribedwith his nameand one or more of his titles; only
four of the statueshaveno inscription,andas they are thosewhich werenot locatedthis
cannot be taken as certain. If they are not inscribed, it is possible that they originally
belonged to someoneother than Tjeteti, perhaps Shemi, or another of the officials buried
at the same time. Their style is in keeping with the statuesdefinitely attributable to Tjeteti,
though, so they are here considered to be statuesof him.
/
Nine of the statueswear the long projecting-panelkilt (D. 3a), and nine the short
white kilt (D. 6). There is one seatedstatue (Catalogue No. A 101), and one female
(CatalogueNo. A 102).Within eachgroupof nine thereis considerablevariation.
Catalogue No. A83, Pl. 51a,and Catalogue No. A84, Pl. 51b, two of the statues
in long projecting-panel kilts, have not been located. 516 Catalogue No. A83 is
skullcapped (W. 3) and has the left leg slightly (S-1).

advanced The long projecting-panel
kilt hasa carvedbelt, but thereis no evidenceof a knot (D.3a). The kilt is unpatterried.
513 Medelhavsmuseer Bulletin 20 (1985), 3.
514 PM 111/2,511.
515 Medelhavsniuseet Bulletin 20 (1985), 5.
516 Gunn MSS XIV, 42 [2] left
and middle.
103
The left arrnis pendantandhasan openhand.The right handis holding the front edgeof
the kilt, with the fingerson the front surfaceandthe thumb behind(A.7). CatalogueNo.
A84 is very bluffed in the photograph,but it is clearly skullcapped(W.3). The left leg is
advanced(S.1).The kilt is a plain long projecting-panelkilt with no belt or knot (D.3a).
The affnsare pendantwith the left handa naturalfist. The right handis holding the front
flap of the kilt andgivesthe impressionthat the carvingon it is not complete:the fingers
arenot differentiated,andthe scaleis large(A.7b).
Catalogue No. A85, Boston Museum of Fine Arts 24.606, Pl. 52,517is also
skullcapped(W.3), and the left leg is advanced(S.1). The plain, long, projecting-panel
kilt hasa carvedknot insertedjust abovethe waistto the left of the navel(D.3a).The left
arm is broken off just below the shoulder,but was extantwhen found and waspendant
with an openhand.The right arm is also pendantand the hand is claspedaroundwhat
appearsto be a tube of cloth. There is somedamageto the statueat this point, but the
thumbappearsto be extendedalongthe tube(A.8a).
Catalogue No. A 86, JE 49371, Pl. 51d-e, now in the Port Tewfik SuezMuseum,
is attributedto the tomb of Tjeteti on the basisof Drioton's knowledgeof unpublished
518
material. The statueis a striding male (S.3) in a skullcap(W.3) anda long pattemed
projecting-panel kilt (D. 3a). There is a carved knot above the waistband,directly
undemeaththe navel.The left arm is pendant,with the hand a naturalfist. The right is
also pendant,with the hand claspingthe front flap of the kilt, the fingers on the outer
surface,the thumbbehind(A.7b).
Catalogue No. A87, JE 64905, Pls. 51c& 53, is a figure in a long projecting-
panel kilt (D.3a) and a skullcap (W.3). The inscription on the baseis not for Tjeteti but
for a man called Shemi,and were it not for the distinctive keyhole shapedmark on the
front of the kilt, it would neverhavebeenconsideredto be a statuefrom the tomb. The
kilt is a patternedone,with a carvedbelt anda knot insertedinto a hole underneathand
slightly to the left of thenavel.The knot is in
extant the Gunn MSS 519
photograph, but is
no longer on the statueitself. The right arm is pendant,with the handholding the front
flap of the kilt, the fingers on the front surface, and the thumb behind (A. 7c). It is
interestingto note that the thumb is on the wrong side of the hand,that is, it adjoinsthe
outerpart of the handratherthanthe inner.
517Peterson's 1
no.
518
cf.op.cit.,10,no.4.
519P1.53c.
104
The remaining four statueswith the projecting-panelkilt have wigs rather than
skullcaps.Catalogue No. A88, Boston MFA 24.608, Pl. 54a-b,520andCatalogue No.
A89, New York MMA 26.2.9,PI. 54c-e,521both wearthe layeredwig with onelayerto
the forehead,andthenseveraloverlappinglayerscoveringthe ears(W.5). The statuesare
virtually identical,evenin size, with MMA 26.2.9 measuring42 cm, and MFA 24.608
40
measuring cm. Both have their left arms pendant
with the handclaspinga Steink-ent,
andjoined to the thigh by a bridge of wood which has not beencarvedaway,although
this could easilyhavebeendone.The right anusare also pendant,with the handholding
the front fold of the plain kilt, with the fingerson the front surfaceand the thumbbehind
(A. 7b). Both havea hole for the knot carvedunderthe navel,but the knot itself is only
extant in MFA 24.608. Both statues have their left leg advanced(S.3). The inscriptions
on the basesare alsothe same,for'the Overseer of the sealeddocument, Tjeteti'.
The last two statuesin this category are also virtually identical, although their
inscriptions appear to be different. The difference in size is a mere 0.5 cm, Catalogue
No. A90, JE 93161, Pl. 55, measuring 39.5 cm, and Catalogue No. A91, JE 93163, Pl.
56, measuring 39 cm. Both statuesare striding (S.3), and wear an echelon-curl wig, but
this time with the cars completely disclosed (W. lb). The left arms are pendant, with the
hands held as natural fists (A. 8a). The left hand of JE 93161 is still attachedto the thigh.
The right arms are also pendant, with the hands clasping a tube of cloth formed by the
kilt being folded around the side, and then the top edge being grasped.The tube is more
clearly visible on JE 9316 1, JE 93163 has the top comer of the fold directly against the
hand. The thumb in both casesrests along the top of the tube. The projecting-panel kilts
(D. 3a) are both plain, and have a hole carved for the knot above the waistband, just to the
right of the navel. The only extant knot, on JE 93163, leans towards the left of the navel.
The folding of the kilt around the right hand side results in much more cloth being
representedthere than on the left side.

Two of the nine statuesin short kilts are still unlocated.They are the two statueson
the right on p. 21 of Peterson'sarticle (Catalogue Nos. A96 and A 100). Each belongs to
a different group. One group of five statuesall wear the layered wig, with one long layer
to the forehead and then several overlapping layers (W. 5). The ears are covered in all
cases.
Catalogue No. A92, New York MMA 26.2.8, Pl. 57a-b, is a striding figure (S-3)
520
op. cit., 8-9
521
op. cit., 13
105
wearinga half-gofferedkilt (D.2a). There is a carvedwaistband,anda tab the left hand
sideof the navel.The goffers on the right thigh do not extendaroundthe backof the kilt.
The left leg is extended.The right arm is pendantwith the hand, which is damaged,
fisted.The outerpartsof the fingers are now missing,but the fist wasoriginally pierced.
The inside of the fingers are still attachedto the thigh. The left arm is pendantto the
elbow,thenheld forward with a piercedfist (A.3).
The otherfour statuesin this grouparevirtually identicalto eachother,and fall into
pairs according to size. Catalogue No. A93, Neuchatel Eg. 328, Pl. 57c-d, and
Catalogue No. A94, Boston MFA 24.607, Pl. 58a-b, both measure 52 cm. The
unlocatedstatueon p. 21 of Peterson's
article,Catalogue No. A96, Pl. 5 If, canbe seen
to be the samesizeas its neighbour,JE 93162, Catalogue No. A95, Pl. 58c-d, which
measures38 cm. All four statuesare wearing the sametype of kilt as that wom by
MMA 26.2.8,that is, the half-gofferedkilt with a carvedtab up onto the belly to theleft
hand side of the navel (D.2a). All four have their left legs extended,but to different
degrees(Eg. 328 is S.3, as is CatalogueNo. A96 and JE 93162 ; MFA 24.607is S.4).
Their armsare all pendant,and still attachedto the thigh at wrist level. CatalogueNo.
A96 appearsto have natural fists (A. 9), while the other three have their fists clasped
aroundSteinkeme(A. 1),white-paintedin the caseof Eg. 328 andMFA 24.607.
The remaining four statueswith short kilts all wear the echelon-curlwig which
covers the ears (W. 1). They include the unlocated statue on the right on page 21 of
Peterson'sarticle, Catalogue No. A100, Pl. 59d. The style of their kilts divides them into
in
two sub-groups, one of which the statuesare virtually identical in size,522but in the
Catalogue No. A 100 is 6 taller than its 523 MM 11412 and MM
other, about cm partner.
11413 are both wearing kilts which have no goffers on them at all. They are both higher
around the back than around the front, and they both have a carved tab rising to the right
hand side of the navel, an unusual variant of its position. MM 11413 has no cross-flap
(D. 2g), but MM 11412 seems to have two, one to each thigh (D. 2h). They both have
their arms pendant and their fists clasped around Steinkeme. The right arm in each case
is carved free of the torso and thigh, the left remains attached at the wrist (A. 1). MM
11411 and Catalogue No. A100 are both wearing a half-goffered kilt (D. 2c), but neither
has a tab up onto the belly. On both statuesthe arms are pendant and still attachedto the
522Medelhavsmuseet
MM 11412,Cat.No. A97,Pl. 59a;MM 11413,Cat.No. A98,Pl. 59b.
523MM 11411,Cat. No. A99, Pl. 59c, 35 cm, andCatalogueNo. A100 is the samesize
measures
asMM 11412andMM 11413,thatis, about42 cm.
106
thigh at the wrist. The handsareall naturalfists, althoughfrom the back, MM 11411has
tracesof white paintwhich may havebeenintendedto indicatea Steinkenz(A. 9).
The only pair to the seatedstatuein the tomb is the stoneonefound with the group
in a recessor serdabin the shaft.524The stonestatueis publishedby Peterson,p. 6-7.
The seatedstatueis Catalogue No. A101, Neuchatel Eg. 329, Pl. 60a-b, and shows
Tjeteti wearinga smoothflared wig which, although it is wom back off the face at the
sides,neverthelessappearsto coverthe ears.It is just aboveshoulderlength (W.4b). The
is
statue wearinga short kilt with no visible decoration(D.6). The armsof the statueare
restingon the thighs,the right handis openwith the palm downwards,the left is clasping
a Steinkem with the thumb uppermost (A.4c).
The last statuefrom the tomb is a femaleone. Catalogue No. A102, Pl. 60d, has
not been locatedand thereareno indicationsof scaleon the The
photograph. statueis of a
standingfemale,wearinga simpletripartitewig tuckedbehindthe ears,the first example
of this type (WL2a). The dressis a sheathdress,only indicatedby the hemline at mid-
calf (Df. 2). The arms are separatelyattachedand are pendant,with long open hands
which curve out from the body (AQ). The statueis standingon an inscribedbase.There
appears to be some room for doubtasto whetherthis statueactuallydoescome from the
tomb of Tjeteti - nowherein Gunn'snotesdoesit directly statethis.
An interesting feature to note about Tjeteti's tomb group is that every male statue
has its arms carved from the samepiece of wood as the torso, including the statueof
Shemi.The front partsof the feetareusuallyseparatepieces.It is moreusualto haveone
or both armsattachedto the shouldersby internalpegswhich may or may not be visible
on the surface,as is the case with the female statue.Within other tomb groupsit is not
unusual for one or more of the statuesto be made from one pieceof wood,but for every
one to be so madeis, as far asI know, unique. The wide rangeof quality in thecarving,
and the rangeof groupsand sub-groupsof styles,leadsto the inevitableconclusionthat
at least two scuýlptors
were involved in the carving of the tomb group, and probably
more. It also casts further doubt on the attribution of the female statueto the group;
surelyshe too should have beenmade in the samefashionasthe malestatues.
Catalogue No. A103, HildesheimInv. Nr- 3177,Pl. 60c, is a very fragmentarystatueof

Seneb,Director of Dwarfs in chargeof dressing,tutor of the King's sons,Prophetof
Khufu and Djedefre.Senebhasbeenvariously datedto the reign of Djedefre525
and to
524 Seethe discussionon seated
statuesin the introduction, p. 10-11.
107
the end of Dynasty VI. 526 He was a priest in the funerary cults of two Dynasty IV
pharaohs,Cheops and Djedefre, and the names of his children are compounded with the
names of those kings. Cherpion has taken this to mean that he was alive during their
actual reigns, but in fact it only shows that he did not live earlier than that. The false door
in the tomb is of a type that can be dated to late Dynasty VI. 527 The mastaba was
excavated by Junker in 1927 in the West Field at Giza. The statue was found in a stone
chest528in a very poor state of preservation. The remains of an ecelon-curl wig can be
discerned (W. 1?), 529 and we can see that the left arm was held forward at the elbow
(A. 3).
Catalogue No. A104, BostonMFA 37-1320,P1.61a,andCatalogue No. A105, MFA

37.1321,Pl. 61b, were found in the shaft of a tomb at Giza by the HarvardUniversity
and Museum of Fine Arts expedition of August 1937, under the direction of G. A.
Reisner.The styleof the burial chamberdatesit to the endof DynastyVI. 530The statues
in
were a very fragile statewhen found and were immediately drenchedin paraffin wax
to stabilizetheir condition. This unfortunately obscuressome of their details. MFA
37.1320is a standingmale (S.7) wearinga layeredwig, with one layer to the forehead
andthen severaloverlappinglayers (W.5). The kilt is short andthe only decorationis a
carvedline for the overlaprunning from the left hip to the right thigh (D.2f). The arms
arependant,and the handsarenatural fists (A. 9). MFA 37.1321 is a striding male (S.3)
wearing a skullcap (W.3) and a long projecting-panelkilt (D.3a). The kilt is very long,
the is
almostreaching ankles,and apparently unpatterned. It is lower aroundthe waist in
front thanat the back,andthereis a hole for a knot to theleft handsideof the navel.The
left arm is pendantwith an openhand.The right arm is also pendant,with the handon
the front of the kilt flap, but it is not possibleto determinewhetheror not the thumb is
behindthe fold (A.7).
Catalogue No. A106, PhoebeHearstMuseum of Anthropology, Berkeley Inv. No. 6-

22886,Pl. 62, is a striding male (S.2) in an echelon-curlwig (W. 1), a half-gofferedkilt
525 Cherpion,Mastabas,89
526 E. CAA Hildesheim4/103-7;Harpur,Decoration,269 [212].
g.
527 Harpur,Decoration, 170.For bibliography the false door, JE 51297,seePM 111/2,101.
a of
528 HildesheirnInv. Nr. 3115.
529CAAHildesheim4,103.
530 Smith,HESPOK, 91.
108
(D. 2b), and with the arms pendant with the handsclasping Steinkeme(A. 1). It was
discovered lying in a niche in the chapel of Naga ed-Der tomb N 3777 by the
Reisner/HearstExpedition of 1901-3. This is a cemetery dating from the VI - VIII
Dynasties.531It wasaccompaniedby a stonescribestatuePHMA 6-19756,which is of
VI
a late Dynasty type.532
The last group of statues which can be assigned to the period covering the end of
Dynasty VI and early Dýnasties VII and VIII, all come from Naga ed-Der Cemetery
100.533The rock-cut tombs of the high officials and nomarchs were surrounded by the
shaft tombs of their contemporaries.
Catalogue No. A107, Boston MFA 12.1234, Pl. 61c, the head of a male statue, was
found in the shaftof tomb N 12.The wig is onewith severalhorizontallayersand with a
striatedfringe (W.5).
Catalogue Nos. A108-124.The rock-cut tomb N 43 belongingto the rht-nswtTjetji had

nineteenstatuesclusteredaround the end of the coffin. Of these,two are partof a baking
group and will take no further part in this analysis. The remainingseventeen534 consist
of eight female statuesand nine male statues.The unusually high number of female
statues must be due to the fact that the deceasedwas female. She neverthelessstill
it
considered necessary to provide herself with more than one male statue, perhaps
representing her husband, and in fact to allow the male statuesto outnumberthe female
ones.It is also interestingto note that althoughthe statuebasesare all extant,not oneis
inscribed.The nameandtitle of the lady werediscoveredon oneof the piecesof clothing
wrapped around her 535
body. The coffin wasundecorated.
531 Brovarski,LA IV, 306 ff.
532 This
statueis erroneouslypublishedin Lutz, Statuesas coming from Giza.
533 Brovarski,LA IV, 306 ff.
534 They . to be in Berkeley, but I
are all said was only able to locate fifteen, that is nos. N 43: 3,6-
9,11-20. In a personalcommunicationfrom E. Brovarski, I received photocopiesof photographsof
the two remaining statues,nos. N 43! 5& 10. The accessionnumbersare in the samesequenceas
the tomb numbersand run: 6-15201,6-15204 - 7,6-15209 - 18. StatuesN 43: 2&4 are the servants
from the baking scene.The two unlocated statuesshould therefore have the accessionnumbers6-
15203and 6-15208 respectively.I have beenunable to find any referencewhatsoeverto what N 43:
1 might be, there are only nineteenstatueslisted, and twenty tomb numbers. It is probably safe to
conclude that it is not a wooden statue.
109
The nine male statuesfall onceagain into the two groupswe haveseenso often,
onefor the long projecting-panelkilt andonefor the shortplain kilt.
Catalogue No. A108, PhoebeHearst Museum of Anthropology, Berkeley,
PHMA 6-15203, N 43: 5, P1.6ld-e, and Catalogue No. A109, Berkeley PHMA 6-
15207, N 43: 9, Pl. 63a-b, both wear the long projecting-panel kilt (D. 3a), in
combinationwith an echelon-curlwig with one long layer to the forehead,then several
overlappinglayers,coveringthe ears (W.5). As far as can be told from the scaleon the
photocopyof 6-15203,its height is within a very few centimetresof that of 6-15207,
which measures43.5 cm. 6-15203 has the left leg advanced (S.3), and the kilt is
unpatterned.The armsare pendant,and the left handis a naturalfist. The right hand is
claspinga tube of cloth from the kilt with the thumbon the upper surface(A. 8a).There
is a knot insertedjust abovethe waistband,slightly to the left of the navel.Theredo not
appearto be any paint traceson the kilt, althoughthe white paint on the left thumbnailis
perfectlyvisible. 6-15207alsohasthe left leg advanced(S.3). The kilt is unpatterned,
but
hasretainedall its original white paint.The remainsof an unpaintedknot arevisiblejust
abovethe waistband,slightly to the left of the navel.The armsarependant,with the left
handa naturalfist. The right lignd is holding a largetubeof cloth which slopesupwards
from the middle of the side of the kilt, with the thumb along the top of the slope.The
cloth doesnot continuethroughthe fist, thereis no traceof white paint at the backof the
hand(A. 8a). It is probablethat 6-15203hasa similar type of grip, but the photocopies
aretoo small to be ableto seefor sure.
The remaining sevenmale statuesall wear a short plain kilt. Catalogue No. A 110,
Berkeley, PHMA 6-1520 1, N 43: 3, Pl. 63c-d, Catalogue No. A 111, Berkeley, PHMA
6-15205, N 43: 7, Pl. 64a-b, and Catalogue No. A112, Berkeley, PHMA 6-15206, N
43: 8, Pl. 64c-d, all wear an echelon-curl wig with one long layer down to the forehead
and then several overlapping layers, covering the ears (W. 5), a short plain kilt with no
decoration whatsoever (D. 6), and have their arms pendant with the hands as natural fists
(A. 9). Their left legs are all advanced (6-15201 is S.3, while 6-15205 and 6-15206 are
S. 1). They are all within a centimetre and a half of each other in height, 536and none of
them has any paint tracesat all on their kilts, although the white paint in their eyes and on
their thumbnails has survived. Catalogue No. A 113, Berkeley, PHMA 6-15208, N 43:
10, Pl. 65 a-b, appearsfrom the photocopy to be the same size as the previous three, and
535Reisner,ASAE5 (1904),108;Brovarski,
personalcommunication.
536 6-15201is 48.3
cm; 6-15205is 48.5 cm; 6-15206is 47 cm.
110
it matchesthem completely in all other details (W. 5; D.6; A. 9; S.1). Catalogue No.
A 114, Berkeley, PHMA 6-15212, N 43: 14, Pl. 65 c-d, is much smaller than the
previous four, measuring only 35 cm, with a white paintedkilt, but is otherwisethe same
in the details(W.5; D.6; A.9; S.3). Catalogue No. A 115,Berkeley,PHMA 6-15210,N
43: 12, Pl. 66 a-b, measures32 cm, wears a white paintedkilt (D.6) and the armsare
pendantwith the hands as natural fists (A. 9). The statueis wearingan echelon-curlwig
coveringthe ears(W. 1). Catalogue No. A 116, Berkeley,PHMA 6-15211,N 43: 13,Pl.
66 c-d, is similar in heightand style (W.5; D.6; S.3) to the previousstatues,but the right
hand,insteadof being held asa claspedfist, is openandcurvesaway from the body as
the handsof femalestatuesdo (A. 12).
The applicationof white paint to the kilt is an interestingphenomenon.Of the nine
male statues,only threehavewhite paint on their kilts, and in thesecasesit is intact.The
remaining six show no signsof ever having had paint on their kilts. It is usuallytaken for
grantedthat everystatuewas painted, and occasionswhere this does not appearto be the
caseare explained by the paint not having survived the passage of time. In this case,
however, we have a number of statues which have all been subject to the same
conditions,yet on somethe paint is intact, and on othersthereis no traceof it at all. In
addition,the paint appliedto the wigs, eyes,finger- and thumbnails,and to the skin has
survived, regardless of whether or not the kilt 537
was painted. It is unlikely that a
different pot of white paint wasused for the kilt, than for the whites of the eyesand for
the thumbnails,andastheseplacesstill retaintheir paint, the inevitableconclusionis that
the kilts wereneverpainted.This leadsus to ask why? It cannothavebeena questionof
time, or the lack of it, becauseeverythingelseaboutthe statuesis complete.Nor, as we
haveseenabove,is it a questionof the type of statue.Eachgrouphasat leastonepainted
and one unpainted example in it. That only leaves the implication that it was not
consideredparticularlyimportant to paint the kilts on all of the The
statues. efficacyof the
statueswould not be affectedby this lack of 'finish'. Although no remainsof linen wraps
or gold leaf were discoveredin the tomb, it is possible that such a meansof finishing
them was employed. If gold leaf was the decorationthen it may have beenrobbedin
antiquity. To balanceagainstthis is the questionof whethera provincial official at this
period would have beenable to supply so many of his statueswith gold leaf for their
skirts. Linen wraps are the most likely items to havebeenusedfor the skirts and it may
537 The
red paint applied to the skin is usually a very thin wash and has survived mainly under the
armsand under the chin.
III
be only an accidentof preservationthat no tracesremainor wererecorded.
Of the eight femalestatuesfrom the tomb, two wear a long sheathdresswhile the
remaining six are nude. The two clothed statuesappearto be of slightly betterquality
than the six nudeones.Catalogue No. A 117, Berkeley, PHMA 6-15204,N 43: 6, Pl.
67 a-b, is a standingfemale (Sf.2), wearinga tripartite wig which is tuckedbehindthe
ears (Wf. 2a). The front bunchesreachbelow the line of the shoulders,but not as far
down asthe top of the breasts.The armsarependant,andthe handsareopenandcurving
awayfrom the body (Af. 3). The sheathdressis only indicatedby a crudehemlinevisible
betweenthe legs at mid-calf level (Df. 2). The pubic and navel areais carvedas if the
statuewerenude.The spacebetweenthe legsbelowthe hemlineis carvedaway.Thereis
no traceof paint on the dress,andonly tracesof blackpaintaroundthe eyes.
Catalogue No. A 118, Berkeley, PHMA 6-15209,N 43: 11, Pl. 67 c-d, is a much
largerfigure538in an echelon-curlwig fitted closeto the skull and surroundingthe ears
(Wf. 4). The arms are pendantwith the handsopenand curving away from the sides
(Af. 3). The left leg is advanced(SL3). The sheathdressis only indicatedby a hemline
betweenthe legs just below the knees(Df. 4). The statueis carved from one piece of
wood, and this accountsfor somestiffnessaroundthe shouldersand hips. There is no
traceof paint on the dress,althoughthe white in the eyesandon the finger- andtoenails
is still extant.The skin colour is dark red.
Catalogue Nos. A 119-124are six nudefigures (Df. 3) which canbe divided into
two groups in two ways. The skin of three of the figures is paintedred'539and of the
is
otherthree paintedyellow.540 The normalcolour for females is yellow. The red colour
could indicatethat the three affected statuesare servantswho havetanned outsidein the
sun, but there is no justification for this, as other statuesof female servantsshow the
normal yellow colour for the skin of females,and the statue6-15209 is also red. The
inevitableconclusionis that it wasnot consideredof vital importancefor thesefiguresto
be eitherall yellow or all red.Anotherway of dividing thesestatuesis by the wigs. Three
of the statueswear a short,close-fitting, naturalcoiffure (WL5),541andthreethe close-
542
fitting echelon-curlwig which revealsthe ears(WL4). It can be seenthat two of the
538 6-15204
measures23.2 cm; 6-15209measures42 cm.-
539 CatalogueNo. Al 19, Berkeley, PHMA 6-15213,N 43: 15, Pl. 68
a-b; Cat. No. A120, Berkeley,
PHMA6-15215, N43: 17, PI. 68c-d; Cat. No. A121, Berkeley,PHMA 6-15218,N43: 20, Pl. 69a.
540 CatalogueNo. A 122, Berkeley, PHMA 6-15214, N 43: 16, Pl. 69
c-d; Cat. No. A 123,Berkeley,
PHMA 6-15216,N 43: 18, Pl. 70 a-b; Cat. No. A 124,Berkeley,PHMA 6-15217,N 43: 19, Pl. 70 c-d.
5416-15216;6-15217;6-15218 -
112
figures in bagwigsare yellow and one is red, while the oppositeis true of the echelon-
curl wig statues- two of thoseare red and one is yellow. All six statueshave their legs
together(Sf.2), and four have their pubic areaspaintedblack, the remainingtwo have
their pubic triangle indicatedby a series of black and red dots superimposedon each
other.543The four smaller have
statues their arms carved from the samepieceof wood
as the torso, the statue6-15215 has the right an-nseparatelyattached,
and 6-15213has
both anns separatelyattached.All the arms are pendantwith open handswhich curve
away from the body (Af. 3). All the statues stand on baseswhich areuninscribed.
Catalogue No. A125, PI. 69 b, is a statueof a nudefemale(DO) found in shafttomb N

241 at Naga ed-Der. It is standing (M) and is wearing a short echelon-curl wig which
surrounds the ears (Wf. 4). The arms are pendantand the handsare open (Af. 3). The
is in
breastsarefull, andthere no carving the genitalregion. The baseis inscribed. 544
The earliestnomarch'stomb is N71, Tjemerery, which can be datedto the very end of
the Old Kingdom.545The shafttomb of his wife Inet-kemet,N 248, containedthe right
hand side of the headof a male statue,and a nude female statue.Both are new types.
Catalogue No. A 126,Berkeley,PHMA 6-12840,Pl. 71a,is a male headwearinga wig
that hasa verticaldecorationradiatingout from the crown. The strandswhich fall on the
foreheadarelong; thosewhich fall aroundthe restof the head,andcoverall but the tip of
the ear, are divided into small rectangleswhich alternatelike bricks in a wall (W. 8).
Catalogue No. A127, Pl. 546
71b, is a striding femalewith its left leg advanced(Sf.3a).
The wig is a bagwig coveringthe ears(Wf. 3b). The left arm is missing, but the right is
pendant and has an openhand (Af. 2). The statueis nude (Df. 5), and the breastsare not
particularly pronounced - if it were not for the female genitalia the statuecould be
mistaken for a male one. It is perhaps a figure of a pre-pubescentgirl, possibly a
daughterof TjemereryandInet-kemet.
542 6-15213; 6-15214; 6-15215
543 6-15214;6-15217.
544 SeeAppendix 1, 380.
p.
545 C. Peck,Somedecoratedtombs the First Intermediate Period Naga
of at ed-Wr, (Ph.D. Brown
University 1958;University Microfilms 1959), 83 ff.
546 1 knowledge of this statue to correspondence E. Brovarski. I do not know
owe my personal with
where it is located at present.
113
CHAPTER 4.
The dating of the statues in CatalogueB
Introduction
The survey of the statuesfrom Catalogue B which follows is basedon the data from the
analysis of the CatalogueA statues.The criteria listed for CatalogueA have beentaken as
the starting point for the arrangementof Catalogue B into a relative chronological order.
Where possible, parallels have been drawn to one or more statues in Catalogue A, and
the earliest or latest date of occurrence of a feature for statues with no parallels.
Sometimes the parallels cover severalreigns, sometimes they are confined to one reign,
or a narrow time-scale. Where there are several statuesfrom one reign, for example that
of Pepi 11,they have been listed in the order of their parallels in Catalogue A. It has been
necessaryto assumethat the criteria from Catalogue A are the earliest occurrenceof the
feature, but it is possible that many were in evidence before then.
Catalogue No. B1, Cairo Museum CG 139, Pl. 71 c-e, is a large, highly decorated
female. The statueis wearing the slightly flared, aboveshoulder-lengthstriated wig
(WL 1), with the naturalhair showingon the forehead(Ac-7). The arms arependantwith
extended hands (Af. 3), and there are wristbands(J.6). An elaborate
pectoralhangsover
the decorativecollar Q.3, J.4). The statueis wearing a sheathdressonly evidentby the
hem (Df.4), and is striding (Sf.3a).The closestparallelsin CatalogueA are Nos. A7 and
A22, Pls. 6 and 13a,neitherof which is striding. A7 is wearinga similar pectoralandis
thusthe closerparallel.It canbe datedto the endof the reign of Nyuserreor slightly later.
Catalogue No. B2, Cairo Museum CG 380, Pl. 72 a-b, is a seatedmale (S.5) in a
variationof the flared andstriatedwig (W.4). The forearmsarecarvedfree of the body,
and the right handis claspedon the right kneewith the thumb uppermost.Most of the
left forearm is missing, but the remainsof extendedfingers are visible on the left knee
(A.4). The statueis wearinga half-gofferedkilt (D.2). The closestparallelis Catalogue
No. A 11, Pl. 9, which datesto the Isesi-Unasperiod.The provenanceof CatalogueNo.
B2 is not known,but the suggested dateimpliesthat it comesfrom Saqqara.547
114
Catalogue Nos. 133-5,MFA 13.3462-4,Pls. 73 a-c, were found in a tomb at Giza, G
2336, excavatedby Reisner in his 1911-1913seasonsfor the Harvard/Boston MFA
expedition. They are three female statues in an exceedingly poor condition. MFA
13.3462and 13.3463are wearing the above-the-shoulder,striated,flared wig (Wf. 1).
MFA 13.3462is wearing a sheathdress (Df. 4), while MFA 13.3463is not definable
(Df.6). They both havetheir armsin the Af. 2 position. The third statue,MFA 13.3464,
be
may nude, but as the lower parts of the legs are gone it is impossible to be certain
(Df.6). The statueis either shaven-headed,
or wearinga skull-cap(WL5). The dating of
thesestatuesto the reign of Unasis achievedon the basisof the wig Wf. I, which is not
known after the reign of Unas.
Catalogue No. B6, Cairo Museum JE 28990, Pl. 89 c-d, is a nude striding male in a
short echelon-curl wig (W. 1, D. 4a, A. 9a, S.2). It is not possible to say whether the statue
the is 548
In the illustration in Borchardt, the figure is
was circumcisedas penis missing.
shown without arms,but it now has its left arm. The statuewas acquiredby the Cairo
Museum in 1890, is
and said to come from Akhmim. 549The closest parallel from
CatalogueA is No. A 13,P1.10b-c, a statuewhich datesto the reign of Unas.
Catalogue No. B7, Cairo Museum CG 155, Pl. 72 c-d, is a striding male (S.2) from
Saqqara.The statueis wearing a short echelon-curlwig (W. 1) and a half-goffered kilt
(D. 2i). The arms are pendant and the hands are holding Steinkeme (A. 1). There are five
in Catalogue A. 550Catalogue No. A 18, Pl. 14 a-b
parallels which dates to the reign of
Unas, is the most similar.
Catalogue No. 138,Inv. Nr. 10858, Pl. 74 a-b, a statue of Pehernefert from the fon-ner
East Berlin collection, 551 comes from the small cemetery of Kafr Ammar in the
Fayyum.Unfortunately this cemeteryis not particularlywell documentedand from the
pottery forms we can only ascertainthat it datedfrom the early Old Kingdom through
into the early Middle Kingdom. 552 The statueis of a striding male (S.3) in the half-
547Seeabove,
p. 13.
548 Statuen 1, CG 233, Pl. 48.
549 See
n. 409.
550 Catalogue Nos. AI 8,40-41,97-98.
551 K. Priese(ed.
), Das Äg>ptischeMuseunzBerlin, 30, Nr. 1g.
-H.
115
gofferedkilt (D.2d) and a shortechelon-curlwig which coversthe ears(W. 1). The arms
are pendant and the hands are claspedaround Steinkerne (A-1). The closest parallel to
this statueis CatalogueA 18, Pl. 14 a-b, which datesto the reign of Unas.
Catalogue No. B9, Cairo Museum JE 10892,553Pl. 74c, was discovered in Mariette's
1860 Saqqara season, the same seasonof excavation as the statuesof Ka-aper and his
wife, and probably not far from them. The statue is a nude female (Df. 3), wearing a
short flared striated wig covering the ears (WEI) and a broad collar with a counterpoise
(J.3). The arms are pendant with open hands (Af. 3) and there are wristbands (J.6). The
legs are together and the lower parts are damaged,but the lower hemline which usually
indicates a sheath dress is not present (Sf. 2). The statue is made from a single piece of
wood, and this may well account for a certain stiffness in execution. The craftsman
would have been restricted by the natural contours of the wood. The closest parallel is
Catalogue No. A22, Pl. 13a, based on the wig and the arms, that is, from the reign of
Unas. The earliest nude figure in Catalogue A dates to the end of the Old Kingdom, 554
but the wig weights the evidence towards the earlier figure. Catalogue B5 is probably
also nude and it datesto the reign of Unas.
Catalogue No. B10, Louvre N 2293, Pl. 74 d-f, is the only pair statue in the whole
corpus. It is a man and his wife, and would be difficult to date were it not for the fact that
the woman is wearing wig Wf. 1, which does not appear after the reign of Unas. The
other criteria are inconclusive for dating purposes. The man is wearing a smooth flared
wig which reveals the ears (W. 4a), not a type known from the Catalogue A feature list, a
half-goffered kilt (D. 2a), and the right arm is pendant with the hand clasping the
Steinkern. The left arm is bent across the body at the elbow, and the fist appearsto be a
natural one (A. 2). The woman is standing close to her husband and her left arm is
holding him around his back (Af. 4). She is wearing a sheath dress (Df. 2). The closest
parallel from Catalogue A for the female is No. A22, Pl. 13a, which dates to the reign of
Unas; the closest parallel for the male is No. A24, Pl. 18, which also datesto the reign of
Unas. The provenance of this pair statue is unknown. It once formed part of the Salt
Collection.
552 Seidlmayer,Grdberfelder, 393.

553 On
permanentloan to Port Said Museum.
554 CatalogueNo. AI 10.
116
Catalogue No. B1I, PetrieMuseum Inv. No. 8844, P1.75 a-b, is the upperpart of the
statueof a male. Only the head,torso and upperleft arm are extant.The coiffure is the
short,close-fitting naturalone (W. 3), and the skirt was probably a version of the half-
gofferedkilt as thereis a protrudingtab on the left side of the navel(D.2j). A slot in the
elbow of the left arm indicatesthat the lower arm was probably held acrossthe chest
(A. 2c). One statuefrom CatalogueA, No. A29, PI. 21, parallels the wig and arms. It
datesto the reign of Unas.
Catalogue No. B12, British Museum EA 55584, Pl. 75 c-d, is a striding, nude,
circumcised male (D. 4 and S. 1) which has long been considered to be a fake, and
in
appearsassuch the mostrecentpublicationof it. 555This assumptionis basedmoreon
external evidence than on the evidence of the statue itself. It was purchased in 1922 in
Cairo, along with a very suspicious seated statue, and is considered to be a copy of the
Meryrehashtef statueswhich had then just been discovered.556It is suggestedthat it was
fashioned within a couple of months of that discovery, copied from the publication
photographs which appeared at the end of 1921.557When we examine the evidence of

the statue itself, however, there are a number of features which do not correspond to the
Meryrehashtef statues, but instead show a more marked resemblance to a statue
discovered much later by Mahmud Abd el-Razik, in the tomb of Ny-kau-Isesi at Saqqara
in 1983, see Catalogue No. A36. This tomb dates to the reign of Teti. In fact, had
Catalogue No. B 12 appeared on the market at any other time it would probably never
have beenconsideredto be a fake.
The wig in particular weighs against this statue being a fake. The statues of
Meryrehashtef, Pl. 29 c-e, all wear the echelon-curl wig, in one case covering the ears
(W., ), 558in the other two cases,revealing only the earlobes (W. 2b). 559Catalogue No.
B 12 wears an echelon-curl wig which completely reveals the ears (W. I a), a style which
was totally unknown in the repertory of wigs on wooden statues, and extremely rare on
stone statues'560until the discovery of the tomb of Ny-kau-_Isesi.The arms are also
different. All nude figures from the Old Kingdom wearing W. 2 or variants have their
555 Taylor, Fake?, 162-3, No.' 166.
556 Catalogue Nos. A46-48.
557 Petrie, Ancient Egypt VI (1921), 65-69.

and 48.
560 See
pp. 52-53.
117
arms held in position for a staff and perhaps a sceptre (A. 6 a'nd A. 6a), except for
Catalogue A47, whose arms are pendent with the hands clasping Steinkerne (A. 1).
Catalogue No. B12 also has his arms pendant and is clasping Steinkeme in both hands
(A. I).
A further point of interestis the sizeof the statue.CatalogueNo. B 12 is 106 cm
tall, Catalogue No. A36 is three-quarterslife-size. The Meryrehashtef statues are much
smaller, being 66 CM'561 50.8 562
CM, and 64 cm. in height.563The wood of the statue is
undergoing a Carbon 14 dating test at present, which may solve the dilemma. Until the
results of that test are available it seemsbetter to consider the statueto be genuine. On the
basis of the parallel with CatalogueNo. A36 I have placed it into the reign of Teti.
CatalogueNo. B13, Hildesheim,Roemer-und Pelizaeus-Museum

Inv. Nr. 1106,Pl. 76
a-b, is a striding male (SA) in a long projecting-panelkilt (D.3a), an echelon-curlwig
(W. 1), andwith a staff claspedin the left hand.The right arm is pendantandthe handis
a piercedfist (A. 3). The statuewas purchasedin Giza by W. Pelizaeusin 1910and it
measures 82.2 cm to the lower edgeof the skirt. The legs and feet are missing,but the
position of the legscan be seenon the undersideof the statue.The only parallelfor this
statuein CatalogueA is No. A38, a statueof Ny-kau-isesifrom his tomb at Saqqara,and
which datesto the reign of Teti.
Catalogue No. B14, Baltimore,WaltersArt GalleryNo. 22.30,Pl. 77, is a stridingmale

(S.3) in an echelon-curlwig (W. 1) anda half-gofferedkilt (D.2a). The armsareheld in
the position for a staff, but the right fist is not pierced (A. 3b). The provenanceof the
is it
statue unknown - was purchased in 1929 by H. Walters. The closestparallels in
CatalogueA dateto the reign of UnaS564but the parallelsfor the pendantto this statue
(CatalogueNo. B 15)both dateto the reign of Pepi1, andthusincline the evidenceto the
laterdate.
Catalogue No. B15, Pl. 76c, a statuein the CranbrookAcademyof Art in Bloomfield
Hills, Michigan, No. 401131, not actually seenby me, resemblesthe previous statue
561 CatalogueNo. A.46.
564 CatalogueNos. A 16
and 17.
118
the anns are held in a different fashion (A. 1).565The wig is W. I
very strongly, although
and the kilt is D. 2a. The closest parallels to this statueboth date to the reign of Pepi 1.566
Catalogue No. B16, Amsterdam,Allard PiersonMuseum Inv. No. 48, Pl. 78 a-b, is a
striding maleof unknownprovenance,formerly in the Amherstcollection.The statueis
wearingan echelon-curlwig which coversthe ears(W. 1) anda half-gofferedkilt (D.2f).
The armsare held in the position for the staff and sceptre,althoughthe left forearm is
missing,and the right hand is clasping the Steinkem (A. 3e). There are two parallelsin
CatalogueA, 567one of which datesto the reign of Pepi I and the other to the reign of
Pepi11.The kilt inclinesthe evidenceto the earlierparallel.
Catalogue No. B17, Hildesheim,Roemer-und Pelizaeus-MuseumInv. Nr. 67, Pl. 79,

is a striding male of unknown provenance.The statueis wearingthe short,close-fitting
natural coiffure (W.3), and a long kilt
projecting-panel (D.3a).The armsarependantwith
the left handoriginally open,althoughit is now damaged,andthe right handholding the
front surface of the kilt with the thumb behind (A. 7). There are several parallels in
CatalogueA, 568all of which match the three main features.Only one, CatalogueNo.
A44, Pl. 25d, f, alsomatchesthe stance.It datesto the reign of Pepi1.
Catalogue No. B18, RhodeIslandSchoolof Design,Museum of Art, Inv. No. 25.031,

Pl. 78 c-d, is the headand shouldersof a life-size male statue.The figure is wearingan
echelon-curl wig which reveals the earlobes(W. I b), and once had inlaid eyes(Ac.4).
The earliestoccurrenceof this wig is on CatalogueNo. A46, Pl. 29c, which datesto the
period from the reign of Pepi I into the reign of Merenre.
Catalogue No. B19, British Museum EA 55261, Pl. 80 a-b, is a striding male (S.3) in a
short echelon-curl wig (W. 1b), and a short plain white skirt (D. 5). The arms are held in
the manner for the staff and sceptre (A. 3), and a wavy wooden staff is held in the left
hand (Ac. 3). The right fist is pierced. The provenance is unknown. The closest parallels
in Catalogue A are Nos. A46, Pl. 29c, and A48, Pl. 29e, two of the statues of
565 1owemy knowledgeof this stat6eto thestaff of theWaltersArt Gallery,whokindly gavemea

of theirphotograph.
photocopy
566 Catalogue Nos. A40 and 41, Pls. 25e & 26.
567 Catalogue Nos. A42 A58, Pls. 27 & 36.

C, and
568 Catalogue Nos. A43-44,61,66
and 105, Pls. 25d, f, 28,39a-b, 42a-b, and 61b, respectively.
119
Meryrehashtef. They wear the first occurrenceof wig W. 1b, the echelon-curl wig
revealingthe They
earlobes. aredated to the periodfrom the reign of PepiI into the reign
of Merenre.
Catalogue No. B20, Brussels,MuseesRoyauxd'Art et d'Histoire E. 4905, Pl. 80 c-d,

is the headof a malestatuewhich oncehad inlaid eyes(Ac.4). It is wearingan echelon-
curl wig with onelong layer to the level of the forehead,then severalshorterlayers.The
earsare covered(W.5). This is a type of wig which doesnot appearbeforethe reign of
Merenre.The earliest statuefrom Catalogue A with this wig is No. A54, Pl. 31c-e,
which datesto the reign of Merenreor slightly later. CatalogueNo. B20 was purchased
in Egypt in 1913/14by J. Capart.
Catalogue No. B21, New York, MetropolitanMuseumof Art MMA 59.50.2,Pl. 81 a-

c, is a striding (S.4) nude male said to be from Lisht. It was a part of the Huntley
Bequestto the museumin 1959.The statueis wearing the echelon-curlwig with one
long layer to the level of the forehead,and then severalshorterlayers,coveringthe ears
(W.5). The armsare pendantandthe handsareclaspedas naturalfists (A.9). The tip of
the penisis damagedandthereforeit is not possibleto be surewhetherhe is circumcised
or not (13.4a).Therearetwo possibleparallelsfrom CatalogueA, onematchingthe wig (
No. A54, Pl. 31c-e), the other matching the arms (No. A68, Pl. 43 a-b). The former
datesto the transitionperiodfrom the reign of Merenreto that of Pepi 11,the latterdates
to the reign of PepiIT.
Catalogue No. B22, Copenhagen, Ny Carlsberg GlyptotekXIN 1730, Pl. 82, is a
striding statue of Hema on an inscribed base, said to be from Assiut. It was purchased
on the art market in 1958. The statue is wearing a short echelon-curl wig revealing the
ears (W. I a) and a plain belted skirt with a hem in the shapeof an inverted V (D. 5a) The
left arm is missing and the right is pendantwith a pierced fist (A. 6a). The closest parallel
from Catalogue A is No. A52, Pl. 31a, a statuewhich dates to the transition period from
the reign of Merenre to the reign of Pepi H.
Catalogue No. B23, British Museum EA 29563, PI. 81d, is a nude male from Tomb
103 at Deshasheh.It was excavated by Petrie in 1897.569The arms are missing, as are
569 Petrie,Deshasheh,19,3 1, Pl. XXXIL 9.
120
the legs below the knees(S.4a). The statueis wearing an echelon-curlwig in vertical
rows which coversthe ears(W.6b), a type not known in the CatalogueA featurelist. The
genitaliaaretoo damagedto seewhetherthe statuewascircumcisedor not (D.4a). It can
be datedto early in the reign of Pepi II on the basisof its closestparallelin CatalogueA,
No. A55, Pls. 32 & 33. Petrie datesthe earliesttombs at Deshashehto the middle of
Dynasty V and saysthat "the tombs were executedin successiveorder from south to
north" (p. 4). Tomb 103 is in Petrie's "6th Spur" (Pl. 1) and thereforelate, particularly
sinceTomb 50 in the "4th Spur" datesto the reign of Teti or later. A datein the reignof
Pepi11would thereforebe appropriate.
Catalogue No. B24, Cairo MuseumCG 220, Pl. 81 e-f, is said to be from Akhmim and
arrivedin the Cairo Museumin 1888.570 It is a largestriding male(S.3), height 125cm,
wearingan echelon-curlwig in vertical rows which coversthe ears(W.6b). In addition,
the statueis wearinga short,plain white skirt (D.6) andalthoughthe left forearmis now
missing, the arms were held in the position for staff and sceptre(A. 3c). The closest
parallel from CatalogueA is No. A55, Pls. 32 & 33, which datesto the early partof the
reign of Pepi11.
Catalogue No. B25, Cambridge, Fitzwilliam Museum 41-1937, PI. 83 a-b, is the head
and torsoof a male Its

statue. provenanceis unknown;it wasbequeathed to the Museum
in 1937by RickettsandShannon.It is wearinga vertically layeredwig which revealsthe
earlobes(W.6a),a type not known beforeearly in the reign of Pepi11.
Catalogue No. B26, Leiden, Rijksmuseum van OudhedenAH 114, Pl. 83 c-d, is a
striding male (S.3) of unknown provenance,originally in the Anastasicollection. The
statueis wearing the short, close-fitting naturalcoiffure (W.3) and a long projecting-
panel kilt (D. 3a). The arms are pendant with the left hand openand the right holding a
tubeof cloth at the sideof the skirt (A. 8). This meansof holding the arms is not known
before the reign of Pepi 11.Thereare four possibleparallelsin CatalogueA, 571but the
closestis A57, Pl. 35, a statuewhich datesto the first half of the reign'of Pepi11.
Catalogue No. B27, British Museum EA 53899, Pl. 84, was discoveredat Antinod in
570 See 409 above.
n.
571 CatalogueNos. A56-57,76, and 85.
121
1914,and presentedto the Museumby the Egypt ExplorationFund.It is a stridingmale
(S.1) on a baseinscribedwith the nameand titles of the deceased, but unfortunatelythe
name is no longer legible. The statueis wearing an echelon-curlwig in vertical rows
which coversthe ears(W. 10), a short, plain white skirt (D.6), and the armsare held in
the positionfor the staff andsceptre,althoughthe right hand is a naturalfist (A.3d). The
figure canbe paralleledwith severalstatuesfrom CatalogueA,572but is not sufficiently
more like one than anotherto be able to choosea direct parallel.All of them,however,
dateto the reign of Pepi11.
Catalogue No. B28, Saint Louis Art Museum 1.1986, Pl. 85 a-b, is a striding male in a
long projecting-panelkilt (D.3a) andthe short,close-fitting naturalcoiffure (W.3). The
armsarependantwith the left handopenand the right claspinga tubeof cloth at the side
of the skirt (A. 8). This manner of holding the arms is not known before the reign of Pepi
11.The statue was purchased by the museum in 1986, and the provenance is unknown.
There in CatalogueA, 573 dateto Pepi
arethreepossibleparallels all of which the reign of
11.
Catalogue No. B29, Cairo MuseumCG 370, Pl. 85 c-d, is a striding maleof unknown
provenance,missingbelow the knees(S.4a). The statueis wearingan echelon-curlwig
which coversthe ears(W.2) anda plain undecoratedskirt (D.6). The armsareheld in the
position for staff and sceptre,but the right hand is clasping the Steinkem(A. 3a). The
closestparallelin CatalogueA is No. A58, Pl. 36, which datesto the reign of PepiII.
Catalogue No. B30, Leiden, Rijksmuseum van OudhedenAH 91, Pl. 86 a-b, is a
striding male of unknown provenancewearing a short, echelon-curlwig covering the
ears(W. 1), a short, plain white skirt (D.6) and a reversalof the mannerof holding the
armsfor staff andsceptre:the left arm is pendantwith a piercedfist, the right is missing
the forearm,but the slot in the elbow indicatesthat it washeld forward (A. 14).Thereare
severalstatueswhich parallel the wig and skirt combination in Catalogue A. 574all of
themdatingto the reignof PepiII andlater.
572 Nos. A55,58,60,

and 61, Pls. 32,33,36,38, & 39a-b,respectively.
573 CatalogueNos. A56-57,
and 76, Pls. 34,35, and 47a-b.
574 CatalogueNos. A58,73,8 1,
and 115, Pls. 36,45a-b, 47c, and 66a-b.
122
Catalogue no. B31, Hildesheim,Roemer-und Pelizaeus-Museum
Inv. Nr. 1244,Pl. 86
c-d, is the headand torso of a striding male 4a).
(S. It is wearinga shortechelon-curlwig
covering the ears(W. 1) anda plain skirt (D.6). The arms are missing.Thereareseveral
possibleparallels in Catalogue A, 575 rangingin datefrom the reign of Pepi11to the end
of the Old Kingdom.
CatalogueNo. B32, Cairo MuseumJE 28855,CG 221, Pl. 87, is a statueof Tjeti, on an
inscribedbase.The statuecomesfrom Akhmim. 576It is wearing an echelon-curlwig
with one long layer to the level of the forehead, andthen severalshorterlayers,covering C)
the ears(NV.5). The skirt is shortandplain (D.6) andonly onearm is extant,pendantand
with the hand clasped and pierced (A. 6a). The left leg is advanced(S.3). There are
severalpossibleparallels from Catalogue A, 577all of which dateto the reignof Pepi11.
Catalogue No. B33, Louvre E 11566, Pl. 88, is a striding figure (S. 1) of a man called
Tjeti wearing a long projecting-panel kilt (D. 3a) and with a closely shaven head (W. 3a).
The arms are held in the position for staff and sceptre (A. 3), but neither of these
is
attributes extant. The statue originally had inlaid eyes (Ac. 4), but only the damaged
sockets remain. It is said to have been discovered in 1890 at Akhmim, 578 but was not
acquired by the Louvre until 1918. An analysis of the wood reveals that both the statue
and the base are made of acacia. The statue is generally considered to come from the
latter part of Dynasty VI.
There are no parallels in Catalogue A with the combination of wig and skirt and
arms, and only some which parallel the skirt and arms. They range from the end of
Dynasty IV to the reign of Teti. 579The statue Catalogue No. A38, dated to the reign of
Teti, is the only one with the longer type of skirt and thus forms a terminus post quem
for the date. The coiffure is a rare type580 with only one example from Catalogue A,
dating to the last years of the reign of Pepi 11at the earliest.581Later statuesin this skirt
575 Nos. A5 8,73,8 1,
and 115.
576 Idem.
577 Catalogue Nos. A60,70-72, Pis. 38,43cA, 44a-b,
and 46a-c respectively.
578 See
above n.. 409. Cf. Kanawati, El-Hawawish VII, 57-8.
and 38, Pis. 5,15b, and 19a.
580 W. 3a is differentiated from W. 3
only by the absence of any trace of paint or a carved hairline. It
is possible that a painted skullcap was originally present.
123
neverhavetheir armsheld in this mannerbut ratherhold the front fold of the skirt. Thus,
CatalogueNo. B33 is eitheran exampleof a statuein the long projecting-panel type,with
the arms held in style A. 3, but before a changein coiffure, in which casethe closest
parallel is CatalogueNo. A38, dating to the reign of Teti; or a statue with the new
coiffure W.3a, and skirt D.3a, but an old methodof holding the arms,in which casethe
closestparallelis CatalogueNo. A86, Pl. 51d-e, which datesto the last yearsof PepiH at
the earliest,but which hasarm featureA.7b. CatalogueNo. A62, Pl. 39c-d,datingto the
reign of Pepi 11,with arm feature A. 1, coiffure W.3 and arms A. I is anotherpossible
parallel. The balanceof the evidenceappearsto favour a date in the reign of Pepi 11,
taking into accountthe fact that W.3a is possibly only the result of the disappearance
of
the original blackpaint.A dateearlierthanthe reignof Teti is not possiblebecauseof the
skirt type.
Catalogue No. B34, Cairo Museum JE 29145, CG 454, P1.89a-b, was discoveredat
Akhmim in 1890.582It is a striding (S.1), nude,circumcisedmale (DA), wearing the
bagwig (W.7). The armsare missing.The wig is one which doesnot appearbeforethe
reign of Pepi11.The closestparallel in CatalogueA is No. A63, Pl. 40, which datesto
the reign of Pepi 11.An interesting featureof this statueis the extremely large black-
painted pubic triangle above the genitals. This is the only nude male with such a feature.
A female statue also from Akhmim, Catalogue No. B72, Pl. 106 c-d, has a similar
black-paintedpubic triangle.
Catalogue No. B35, Stockholm,Medelhavsmuseet

MM 14725,Pl. 90 a-b, is a striding
male (S.4) of unknown provenance.The statueis wearing a bagwig (W.7) and a plain
short skirt (D. 6). The arms are missing. On the basis of the wig, the statuehasbeen
assignedto the reign of Pepi II.
Catalogue No. B36, Stockholm,Medelhavsmuseet

MM 14689,Pl. 90 c-d, is a striding
(S.4) maleof unknownprovenance.The statueis wearingthe bagwig (W.7) anda short,
plain skirt (D. 6). The arms are pendantand the bandsappearto be natural fists. An
interestingfeature is a hole bored through the statuenear the right hand, presumably
intended to indicate that the fist was pierced, and it may well have originally held
something(A. 9b). The wig datesthe statueto the reign of Pepi 11,the closestparallel
582Seen.409above.
124
beingCatalogueNo. A63, Pl. 40.
Catalogue No. B37, Turin, Museo Egizio Inv. Suppl. 3104, Pl. 89e, is a nude striding
male of unknown provenance. The is

statue wearing the bagwig (W. 7) and appears to be
uncircumcised (D. 4b). The arms are held in the position for staff and sceptre, but the
right hand is clasping the Steinkem and the left forearm is missing (A. 3e). There are no
parallels in Catalogue A for a nude statuewearing the bagwig, but the wig itself points to
a date not earlier than the reign of Pepi 11.
Catalogue No. B38, Marseille,Mus6eBorely Inv. 218, Pl. 91a,is a striding male(S.2)
in the short,close-fittingnaturalcoiffure (W.3) andthe long projecting-panelkilt (D.3a).
It comesfrom Giza, and was originally part of the Clot-Bey collection. The armsare
pendant,with the left hand claspingthe Steinkem the
and right holding the front edgeof
the kilt with the fingers on the front surfaceand the thumb behind (A. 7d). There are
in Catalogue A, 583all of them dating to the reign of Pepi 11or
severalpossibleparallels
slightly later.
Catalogue No. B39, Berlin, Staatliche Museen PreuBischerKulturbesitz Inv. Nr. 1363,
Pl. 91b, is a striding statueof Gemniuser from his tomb near the north-east comer of the
mastabaof Kagemni at Saqqara, discovered by Lepsius in 1843. The location proves that
it is later than the reign of Teti as it clearly postdatesthe tomb of Kagemni. The name
Gemniuser may be a reference to Kagemni = Gemni: "Gemni is strong". The statue is
wearing the short, close-fitting natural coiffure (W. 3), a long projecting-panel kilt (D. 3a)
and has the arms pendant with the left hand a natural fist and the right holding the front
of the kilt with the fingers on the front surface and the thumb behind (A. 7b). There are
three parallels in CatalogueA584all of which date to the reign of Pepi 11or slightly later.
Catalogue No. B40, Turin, Museo Egizio N. Suppl. 1197,Pl. 91c, is a nudestatueof
Memi, said to come from Saqqara.At presentthere are three Memi's known from
Saqqara:a) the sonof Mereruka,which.would meana datein the reignof Teti or slightly
later;b) it is a nicknameof Kagemni,which againwould meana datein the reignof Teti;
and c) the owner of the obelisk fragment mentionedin PM 111/2,683,and datedto the
583Catalogue
Nos.A64,65and86,Pls.4la-dand5ld-e,respectively.
584Catalogue
Nos.A64,65and86,Pls.4la-dand5ld-e,respectively.
125
end of Dynasty VI. The statuewasacquiredby Schiaparelliin Egypt in 1900-01.It is
wearingthe short,close-fitting naturalcoiffure (W.3) and is circumcised(DA). The left
is
an-n pendantwith the hand held asa naturalfist, the right is missing(A.9a).The statue
is striding with the left leg advanced(S.3). The closestparallel in CatalogueA is No.
A68, Pl. 43 a-b, a statuewhich datesto the reign of Pepi II, which would supportan
identificationwith c) above.There is alwaysthe possibility, however,that this Memi is
noneof the above,but rathera fourth, previouslyunattestedMemi.
Catalogue No. B41, Pl. 92 a-c, unknown location, perhapsSohagmagazine(?), was

discoveredin a niche constructedof threeundressedlimestone slabsnear the burials
H26A and H26B at Akhmim.585Kanawatisuggeststhat this wasnot the original burial
locationof the statue,but rathera safe,temporaryhiding placefor it during the robbing
of the original burial. It was then forgotten and remainedin its hiding placeuntil the
excavationsof Kanawatiin 1979-80onceagainbroughtit to light. It is in a particularly
fine condition,the colours,especially,beingwell-preserved.
The figure is a stridingmale
(S.1), wearing the echelon-curlwig with one long layer to the forehead,then several
shorterlayers,covering the ears(W.5). The kilt is a half-goffered one (D.2k) and the
armsarependantwith claspedandpiercedfists (A.6). Thereare severalpossibleparallels
in CatalogueA,586all datingto the reignof Pepi11or later.
Catalogue No. B42, Leiden, Rijksmuseum van Oudheden F 1938/7.7, Pl. 93c, now
missing, is a striding male of unknown provenance, originally in the von Bissing

collection. The statue is wearing the short echelon-curl wig with one long layer to the
forehead,then severalshorter layers, and covering the ears (W-5), and a plain skirt with a
belt (D. 5). The left arm is missing and the right is pendant with a pierced fist (A. 6a).
There are three parallels in CatalogueA, 587all of which date to the middle or end of the
reign of Pepi 11.
Catalogue No. B43, Cairo Museum JE 28901, CG 224, Pl. 93 a-b, is said to come
from Luxor and was acquired by the museum in 1890. It is a figure of a striding male
(S.4b) wearing an echelon-curl wig with one long layer to the forehead, then several
585Kanawati,EI-Hawawish
X, 21-22,Pl. 4.
586 Catalogue Nos. A69-72,82,92-95,
and 104, Pls. 41b, 43c-d, 44a-b, 46a-c, 47d, 57a-d, 58a-d,
and 61a, respectively.
587 CatalogueNos. A70-72, Pls. 43c-d, 44a-b,and46a-c.
126
shorter layers, andcovering the ears(W. 5). The is
statue wearing a half-goffered kilt
(D.2f) and the armsare pendantwith the left handclaspedarounda removableplug of
wood and the right handopenand held forward. The thumb and index finger of the right
handarenow broken,but they appearto havebeeninclinedtowardseachotherto form a
circle (A. 13).The statuecanbe paralleledto CatalogueNo. A7 1, Pl. 43 c-d, which dates
to the reign of Pepi 11.
Catalogue No. B44, Cairo Museum CG 148, Pl. 92d, is a seatedstatue of Hebet (S.5),
of unknown provenance.The figure is wearing a short echelon-curl wig covering the ears
(W. 1), and a half-goffered kilt (D. 2e). The arms are resting on the knees with the right
hand clasping the Steinkem and the left open and palm downwards on the left knee
(A.4d). The closestparallel from CatalogueA is No. A73, Pl. 45 a-b, a statuewhich
datesto the middleor endof the reign of Pepi11.
Catalogue No. B45, Turin, Museo Egizio Inv. 1216,Pl. 92 e-f, is also'aseatedmale
figure of unknown provenance. The statue is wearing the short, echelon-curl wig
coveringthe ears(W. 1) andthe half-gofferedkilt (D.2b). The armsareon the kneesbut
theýhandsare too damaged to tell their position (A. 4b). The closest parallels from
CatalogueA are Nos. A73, PI. 45 a-b, and A74, PI. 45 c-d, both of which date to the
middle or endof
Petrie Museum, University College London, UC 16454, Pl. 94 a-b,

Catalogue No. B46,
is a standing male (S.7) ain half-goffered kilt (D. 2f) and a flared striated wig revealing
is the right is pendant with the fist clasping the
the ears (W. 4). The left arm missing and
Steinkem (A. I a). The closest parallel from Catalogue A is No. A75, Pl. 44 c-d, a statue
the reign of Pepi11.
which datesto the middleor endof
Catalogue No. B47, Pl. 94 c-d, of unknown provenance, is in unknown private

possession.588It is the figure of a striding male (S.2) wearing the short,echelon-curl wig
the (W. 1) plain skirt The
(13.6). arms are pendant with-theleft hand
covering ears and a
held asa naturalfist. The right hand is damaged but is fist
clearly a natural aswell (A. 9).
This statuehastwo possibleparallelsin CatalogueA'589oneof which datesto the endof

588My thanksto W. Peckof theDetroitInstituteof Artsfor showing of thisstatue.
mea photograph
and 115, Pls. 47c and 66a-b.
127
the reignof Pepi11or slightly later,andtheotherto the endof the Old Kingdom.
Catalogue No. B48, WarsawNational MuseumInv. Nr. 236612MNW, Pl. 95 a-b, is

the torsoandleft arm of a striding male(S.4a). The statueis of unknownprovenance. It
is wearinga short,echelon-curlwig coveringthe ears(W. 1), anda plain skirt (D.6). The
arm is pendantwith the fist claspingtheSteinkem(A. 1a).It resemblestwo statuesfrom
CatalogueA, Nos. A8 1, Pl. 47 c, and A 115,Pl. 66 a-b, the former dafing to the endof
the reignof Pepi11or slightly later,the latterdatingto the endof the Old Kingdom.
CatalogueNo. B49, Boston,Museumof Fine Arts MFA 13.3461,Pl. 95 c-d, is a statue

of a striding (S.4c) male from tomb G2335 A at Giza, excavatedby Reisnerfor the
HarvardUniversity,Museumof Fine Arts expeditionof 1911-13.It is in poor condition,
but the detailscanbe madeout.The wig is the shortechelon-curlwig, coveringthe ears
W I), the skirt is short and plain (D.6), the armsare pendantand the handsarenatural
fists (A. 9). The two possible parallels from CatalogueA are Nos. A8 1, Pl. 47c, and
A 115,Pl. 66 a-b, but this statuedoesnot particularlyresembleeitherof them.They date
to the end of the reign of Pepi 11or slightly later, and to the end of the Old Kingdom,
respectively.Smith590saysthat this statueresembles"the small statuettesof medium
quality found throughout Dyn. VI and known at the end of the Dynasty from the
excavationsof the private tombs in the neighbourhoodof the pyramid of Pepi 11.As
mediocresculpturefrom a poor mastabathey may be as early, in this case,asthe endof
Dyn. V. " The arms (A. 9) argue in favour of a date in Dynasty VI, as they are first
known in the reign of Merenre. Catalogue Nos. B3-5 come from a neighbouring
mastaba,but in their casethere is no doubt about the earlier date (seeabove). Until
additional supporting evidence for an earlier date emergesit has been considered
preferableto placethis statueinto late DynastyVI.
Catalogue No. B50 also comes from tomb G2335 A at Giza. It is Cairo JE
44613,but wasnot seenby me.Smith591saysthatit is a similar figure to B49, but nude.
The wig would then be W. 1, the arms A. 9, and the dressD.4a because,althoughthe
genitalsare present,without seeingthe statueit is not possibleto tell whetheror not the
figure wascircumcised.
590HESPOK,
59.
591Idem.
128
Catalogue No. B51, Copenhagen,NationalmuseetAAb 153, Pl. 96 a-b, is a striding
male of unknown provenance missing the left leg (S.4b). It was presentedto the
museumby Th. Reutzeof Vienna in 1841.The statueis wearingthe short,close-fitting
natural coiffure (W. 3a) and a short plain skirt (D. 6). The arms are pendantwith the
handsheld as natural fists (A. 9). There are no exact parallels in CatalogueA for this
combination of features.There are several with the samecombination of skirt and
however,andtheseall dateto the endof the reign of Pepi11or slightly later.
arrns'592
Catalogue No. B52, Copenhagen,Ny CarlsbergGlyptotek AEIN 1561,Pl. 96 c-d is a

statueof Wadjhotep from his tomb No. 2106 at 593
Sedment. The statueis wearinga
bagwig revealing the earlobes(W. 7b) and a short, plain, white skirt (D. 6). The arms are
pendant with the hands held as natural fists (A. 9), and the left leg is advanced (S.3).
There are several parallels in Catalogue A, depending on whether the comparison is to
the wig and the skirt or to the skirt and the arms. The closest parallel for the former is
No. A59, Pl. 37, which datesto the reign of Pepi11.The parallelsfor the latter dateto the
Pepi Il 594
later. Thearchaeological evidencesupportsthelaterdate.
endof the reignof or
I
CatalogueNo. B53, New York, MetropolitanMuseumof Art, MMA 59.50.1,Pl. 97 a-
is
c, a striding maleoriginally in the Huntley Bequestof 1959. It is saidto be from Lisht.
The statueis wearingthe short,close-fittingnaturalcoiffure (W.3) and a long projecting-
panel kilt (D.3a). The armsare pendantwith the left hand claspedand piercedand the
right holding the front edgeof the skirt, with the fingers on the front surfaceand the
thumbbehind(A.7e).Thereare severalstatuesin CatalogueA which matchthe wig and
dress'595but nonewith exactly the samemannerof holding the arrns.The bestparallel
would seem to be No. A86, Pl. 51 d-e, a statuewhich datesto the last yearsof Pepi11at
the earliest.This statuehas its legs advancedas doesCatalogueNo. B53, and unlike
Catalogue No. A65. CatalogueNo. A64 has a damagedhand so the natural fist of
CatalogueNo. A86 is alsoa betterparallel.
Catalogue No. B54, Louvre E 10357iPI. 98 a-b, was purchasedin Luxor in 1889and
592 Catalogue Nos. A81,110-115, Pl. 47c, 63
s. c-d, 64,65, and 66 a-b, respectively.
593 See
above pp. 90-9 1. Petrie, Sedment, 1,7,10-11, Pl. XXVI, 4.
594 Catalogue Nos. A81,110-115, Pls. 47c, 63
c-d, 64,65,66 a-b.
595 Catalogue Nos.
A64,65, and 86, Pls. 41 a, 41c-d, and 51d-e.
129
wasoncepart of the Stier Collection.Its exactprovenanceis unknown.The statueis of a
striding male (S.3) in a short echelon-curlwig with onelong layer to the forehead,then
severalshorterlayers,coveringthe ears(W.5). It is wearinga long projecting-panelkilt
(D.3a) andhaspendantarmswith the fists claspingSteink-eme (A. 1).Thereareno exact
parallelsin CatalogueA, but four match both 596
the wig and the skirt. They dateto the
last yearsof Pepi 11at the earliest,and to the end of the Old Kingdom. An interesting
featureof this statueand the next is the length of beadworkworn aroundthe neckwith
the looseendshangingon the chest(j. 10).597
CatalogueNo. B55, Cairo MuseumJE 28900,CG 232, Pl. 98 c-d, is very similar to the
previousstatue.It wasacquiredin Luxor in 1890.It is a striding male (S.4) in the short
echelon-curlwig with one long layer to the foreheadand then severalshorter layers,
coveringthe ears(W.5), and the long projecting-panelkilt (D.3a). Both of the armsare
missing,but the fingers of the right handremain on the front surfaceof the skirt (A.7f).
Thereareno exactparallelsin CatalogueA, but four matchboth the wig andthe skirt.598
They dateto the lastyearsof PepiH at the earliest,andto the endof the Old Kingdom.
Catalogue No. B56, Oxford, AshmoleanMuseum 1896-1908E 1881,Pl. 99 a-b, is a

male figure from Deshasheh599 in a short echelon-curlwig revealingthe ears(W. 1a),
and a projecting-panelkilt (D.3). The only statuein CatalogueA with the samewig is
CatalogueNo. A36, which datesto the reignof Teti, but this figure is nude. Similar wigs
and dressappearon CatalogueNos. A90, Pl. 55, and A91, Pl. 56, and theseresemble
this statuemoreclosely than CatalogueNo. A36. They dateto the last yearsof PepiH at
the earliest. This later date is supported by an analysis of the pottery from the
cemetery.600
Catalogue No. B57, Boston,Museumof Fine Arts, MFA 24.609,Pl. 99 c-d, is a statue
found in the debrisof the tomb of Hagi, No. 5202at SheikhFarag.601Thesecemeteries
apparentlycameinto usearoundthe end of the Old Kingdom 602
or slightly earlier. The
596Catalogue Nos.A88-89,108-109,Pls.54a-e,61d-e,and63a-b.
597Seep. 70.
598CatalogueNos.A88-89,108-109, Pls.54a-e,61d-e,and63a-b.
599Excavated in 1897byPetrie;Petrie,Deshasheh,
31.
600Seidlmayer,Grilberfelder,
386.
601Excavated by theHUMFAexpedition in 1923-24.
underReisner
130
statueis of a striding male (S.1) wearing a short, echelon-curlwig revealingthe ears
(W. 1a),anda long projecting-panelkilt (D.3a).The armsarependantwith the right hand
clasping a tube of cloth at the side of the skirt, and the left hand holding a Steinkenz
(A.8b). Thereare two parallelsfrom CatalogueA, Nos. A90, Pl. 55, and A91, Pl. 56,
both of which dateto the lastyearsof PepiH at the earliest.
Catalogue Nos. B58 - B62603are part of a cache of twelve statues found in 1926 in a
Ptolemaic tomb located just outside the south enclosure wall of the Step Pyramid. 604
Only these five have been located, but a further two large ones, supposedly also from
this cache,are illustrated by Gunn.605The photograph on MSS XXII. 95 showing seven
smaller statuescannot be only of statues from this cache, as the total would then exceed
twelve. As none of the second group of seven statueshas been located it is not possible
to say which belong to this cache and which do not. Only the five statuesdefinitely from
the cache have been included in this survey. Also among the find were three inscribed
bases,dedicatedto the Overseerof the Two Graneries,1hy.
Catalogue No. B58, Pl. 100,is a statueof My striding on an inscribedbase.It is
wearinga short, echelon-curlwig with one long layer to the forehead and then several
shorter layers, covering the ears (W. 5) and a half-goffered kilt (D. 2c). The figure is
holding its arms in the manner for the staff and sceptre (A. 3). This combination is
paralleledin CatalogueA by No. A92, Pl. 57 a-b, a statuewhich datesto the last yearsof
Pepi11at the earliest.
Catalogue No. B59, Pl. 97 d, is a striding figure of lhy in the short,close-fitting
naturalcoiffure (W.3) and a long projecting-panelkilt (D.3a).The arms arependantwith
the right hand clasping the Steinkern. The left hand is missing (A. la). The closest
parallelfrom Catalogue A is No. A62, Pl. 39 c-d, which datesto the reign of Pepi11.
Catalogue No. B60, Pl. 97 e-f, is a striding figure of Ihy in the close-fittingnatural
coiffure (W. 3) and the long projecting-panelkilt (D.3a). The arms were both pendant,
but the left arm is now missing.The right handis clenchedandpierced(A.6a).Thereare
602SeeBrovarski, esp.307.
LA IV, 296-317,
603Catalogue No. B58= Neuchatel,Musded'Ethnographie
Eg.425;CatalogueNo.B59= New
York, MetropolitanMuseumof Art, MMA 27.9.3;CatalogueNo. B60 = Neuchatel,Musde
d'EthnographieEg.424;CatalogueNo. B61= NewYork, MetropolitanMuseumof Art, MMA
27.9.5;Catalogue
No.B62= NewYork,Metropolitan
Museum of Art, MMA27.9.4.
604PM111/2,650-51.
605MSSXXII.92 XXII.94[right].
and
131
no parallelsin CatalogueA.
Catalogue No. B61, Pl. 101 a-c, is a striding figure of lhy in a vertically layered
echelon-curl wig, with a straight fringe and revealing the earlobes(W. 8), a wig not
known beforethe end of the Old Kingdom.606In addition,the statueis wearinga half-
gofferedkilt (D.2c) andholds its armsin the position for staff and sceptre,but with the
right handclaspedas a naturalfist (A. 3b). In the photographof this statuefrom Gunn
MSS XX11.36it is standingon an inscribedbase.Thereis no traceof this basewith the
statueat present.
Catalogue No. B62, PI. 101d-e, is a striding figure of 1hyin a vertically layered,
echelon-curl wig, with a straight fringe and covering the ears (A. 8a). The statue is
wearing a half-goffered kilt (D. 2c) and holds the arms in the position for staff and
sceptre(A.3). The wig is unknownin CatalogueA.
The statuesof lhy have parallelsin CatalogueA which rangefrom the reign of
Pepi 11at the earliest,to the end of the Old Kingdom. However,featureswhich do not
appearearlier than the end of the Old Kingdom in Catalogue A incline the evidence
towardsthe later date.The last yearsof Pepi II are thus the earliestdatepossible.This
is,
man therefore,not the samemanasthe original ownerof the tomb of Idut, 607
nearby.
Catalogue No. B63, Cairo Museum JE 5 83 1, CG 126, Pl. 102 a-b, is a striding male of
unknown provenance, originally in the Sammlung von Huber of 1859. The statue is
wearing a vertically layered echelon-curl wig, with a straight fringe and revealing the
earlobes (W. 8), a half-goffered kilt (D. 2a) and has the arms pendant. The right arm is
damaged and the left is clasped around a Steinkem (A. la). The closest parallels to the
combination of kilt and arms from Catalogue A are Nos. A93, Pl. 57 c-d, and A94, Pl.
58 a-b, which date to the last years of Pepi 11at the earliest. The wig is not known before
the end of the Old Kingdom (Catalogue No. A 126, Pl. 71a).
Catalogue No. B64, Chicago,Field Museum of Natural History Inv. No. 30104, Pl.
103 a-b, is a striding male (S.4b) of unknown provenance,given to the museumby
EdwardAyer in 1894.The statueis wearinga shortechelon-curlwig, revealingthe ears
(W. I a) anda half-gofferedkilt (D.2f). The armswere pendant,but the right arm is now
missing. The left hand is a natural fist (A. 9a). The closestparallelfrom CatalogueA is
606CatalogueNo.A 126,Pl.71a.
607Thatlhy datesto thereignof Unas.SeeStrudwick,
Administration,
63 (15).
132
No. A99, Pl. 59 c, which datesto the last yearsof Pepi11at theearliest.
Catalogue No. B65, Uppsala, Victoria Museum 177, Pl. 102 c-d, is a striding male of
unknown provenance.The statueis wearing a short, echelon-curl wig with one long layer
to the forehead, then several shorter layers, covering the ears (W. 5). The skirt is short
and plain (D. 6) and the right arm is pendant with a pierced fist. The left arm is missing
(A. 6a). There are several possible parallels from Catalogue A, all dating from late in the
reign of Pepi 11to the end of the Old Kingdom. 608Catalogue Nos. AI 10 and A 114 are
the only ones with a similar stance.They date to the end of the Old Kingdom.
Catalogue No. B66, Pl. 103 c-d, is an unlocated statue from tomb N 90 at Naga ed-
D8r.609The tomb is owned by a man called Gegi, who is probably the same man as the
owner of a tomb at Saqqara. 610 Gegi is an Inspector of prophets of the Pyramid of

Merenre, whose reign, therefore, is a tenninus post quent for the date.611The statueis a
striding male (S.4b) wearing a short echelon-curl wig covering the ears (W. 1), a short
plain skirt (D.6) andwith the left arm pendantandthe handa naturalfist. The right arm
is missing (A. 9a). The statuewas accompaniedby two inscribedbases,but I havenot
been able to ascertainfrom the photographs which base the statueitself ofiginally stood
on. The right base is illustrated on Pl. 103 d. The closest parallel from Catalogue A is
also from Naga ed-Der, No. A 115, Pl. 66 a-b, which dates to the end of the Old
Kingdom.
Catalogue No. B67, Edinburgh,Royal ScottishMuseum 1921.1662,Pl. 104 a-b, is a

standingnudefemale(Sf.2; DO) which wasdiscoveredin 1921at Sedmentby Petriein
tomb 2112 which belongs to Meritites.612 The statuehas beenrepainted in modern
times. It is wearinga smoothtripartite wig which revealsthe ears(Wf. 2a), and has the
armspendantwith openhands.All of the features,exceptthe anns, are confinedto the
608 CatalogueNos. A72,110-114, Pis. 44a-b,63c-d. 64,
and 65.
6091 know
of this statuethanksto a personalcommunicationfrom E. Brovarski.
610 PM 111/2,691; Harpur, Decoration, 18. Harpur discusses
the possibility in connection with
Kanawati'stheoriesabout the identity of certain tomb owners at Deshashehwith others at Saqqara.
Petrie,Deshasheh,4, takesa different approachto the problem.
611 Porter-Moss
and Harpur are no more specificthan Dynasty VI. Brovarski, LA IV, 306, suggests
the late Old Kingdom.
612 Petrie,Sedment1,7,12, Pls. XXVI, 2
and XXXIX. Seepp. 90-91 above.
133
endof the Old Kingdom, althoughno statuein CatalogueA matchesmore than two of
613
them.
Catalogue No. B68, Cairo Museum JE 51482, Pl. 104 c-d, is a standing female
excavatedby Jequier at South Saqqarain 1927.614The statue is wearing a smooth
tripartite wig which reveals the ears (WL2a), and a sheath dress (DL2). The left hand
side of the statue is missing. The right arm is pendant with an open hand (Af. 2). The
closest parallel from Catalogue A is No. A 117, Pl. 67 a-b, which datesto the end of the
Old Kingdom.
CatalogueNo. B69, New York, MetropolitanMuseumof Art, MMA 58.125.3,Pl. 105

a-b, is a standing(Sf.2), nude (130) female of unknown provenance,acquiredby the
museumin 1958with the assistanceof the Dick Fund. The statueis wearing a short
echelon-curlwig revealingthe ears (Wf. 4) and the arms are pendantwith openhands
(Af. 3). Severalstatuesfrom CatalogueA matchthesefeatures,615andtheyaHdateto the
Catalogue No. B70, Cairo Museum JE 28993, CG 223, P1.106 a-b, is a standing
female ( Sf.2) missing the arms. The statueis said to come from Akhmim and was
acquiredby the museumin 1890.616It is wearing a slightly flared, echelon-curlwig
revealingthe earlobes(WV) and is nude(DL3). An interestingfeatureis the distinctive
black pubic triangle,sin-dlarto thaton CatalogueNo. B26. The parallelsfrom Catalogue
A0 dateto theendof the Old Kingdom.617
CatalogueNo. B71, Yale University Art Museum 1956.33.48,Pl. 106e-f, is a standing

female( Sf.2) of unknownprovenance,given to the museumin 1956by Mr and Mrs F.
Olsen.The statueis wearingan echelon-curlwig coveringthe ears(Wf4b) and is nude
(Df. 3). The arms are pendant and the hands are open (Af. 3). The parallels from
CatalogueA all dateto theendof the Old Kingdom.618
613 CatalogueNos. A117,119-125, Pls. 67a-b,68,69,
and 70.
614 PM 111/2,429.
615 CatalogueNos. Al 19-120,122,
and 125,Pls. 68,69 b-d.
616 See 409
n. above.
617 CatalogueNos. A 119-120,122,
and 125, Pls. 68,69 b-d.
618 CatalogueNos. Al 19-120,122,
and 125,Pls. 68,69 b-d-
134
CatalogueNo. B72, PetrieMuseum,University CollegeLondon,UC 16658,Pl. 106c-
d, is a standingfemale( Sf.2) of unknownprovenance.The statueis nude(Df. 3) andis
wearinga short echelon-curlwig revealingthe earlobes(Wf.4a). The armsare pendant
with openhands(Af. 3). The parallelsfrom CatalogueA all dateto the end of the Old
Kingdom.619
Catalogue No. B73, KansasCity, NelsonAtkins Museumof Art 33.1400,Pl. 105c-d,

is a standing female ( Sf.2) in a bagwig revealing the ears (W. 3a) The statueis of
unknown provenance.It is nude (Df. 3) and the arms are pendant with open hands
(AQ). The parallelsfrom CatalogueA areNos. A 121, A 123andA 124,Pl. 69a,andPl.
70, all of which dateto the endof the Old Kingdom.
CatalogueNo. B74, Copenhagen,

Ny CarlsbergGlyptotekEIN 3, Pl. 107,is a striding
male of unknown provenance,purchasedin Cairo in 1894.The statueis wearing a
vertically layeredechelon-curlwig, with a straight fringe, revealingthe earlobes(W.8),
anda shortprojecting-panelkilt (D.3). The armsare parallelwith the right handholding
the front flap of the kilt and the left holding a tube of cloth at the left side (A. 16). The
closestparallel from CatalogueA is No. A 126, Pl. 71 a, which datesto the end of the
Old Kingdom.
Catalogue No. B75, Marseilles,MusdeBorely, Inv. 217, Pl. 108 a, is a striding male
said to be from Giza, and in the Clot-Bey collection from 1830-1860.The statueis
wearing a vertically layered echelon-curl wig, with a straight fringe, revealing the
earlobes(W. 8), and a half-goffered kilt (D. 2a). The arms are pendantwith the fists
claspingSteinkeme(A. 1). The closestparallel from CatalogueA is No. A 126,Pl. 71 a,
which datesto the endof the Old Kingdom.
619 Catalogue Nos.

A 119-120,122, and 125, Pls. 68,69 b-d.
135
CHAPTER 5.
The dating of the statuesin Catalogue C
Introduction
The statuesin CatalogueC are Old Kingdom statueswhich haveno direct parallelsin
CatalogueA. Somestatueswhich havebeenattributed to the Old Kingdom but may
belongto the Middle Kingdom or evento the Late Periodhavealsobeenincludedas no
definitive proof either way has as yet emerged.Some of the statueshaveparallels in
CatalogueB, andtherelevantdateshavebeenappliedto them.A few haveno parallelsin
either of the previous Cataloguesand so no date can be suggested,beyondthe wide
applicationof the term 'Old Kingdom'. In someother instances,
thereis just not enough
of the statueremainingto be ableto compareit to possibleparallels.
CatalogueNo. C1, Pl. 108b, Iti-sen,wasexcavatedby W. B. Emery during the 1964-6

seasonin the tombs South-westof the Ibis catacombsin the SacredAnimal Necropolis
at Saqqara.The statue620 was foundjust inside the southernchapeldoor of tomb 3513.
Only the torsoand legs remainof this nearlylife-size statue,but fortunatelysometexts
on the base list 621
the name and titles of the owner. Most of thesetitles made their
appearance during Dynasty IV622but the style of the tomb and the otherelementsin it
makeit certainthat this is a Dynasty V statue.A Carbon-14analysisof the wood from
the floor this
also supports 623
date. Unfortunately it is not possibleat this stageto narrow
down the date any more than this. The kilt is type D. 2k, otherwise only known on
CatalogueNo. B37, a statuedatedto the middle or endof the reign of Pepi11.
Catalogue No. C2, JE 63110,Pl. 109a-c, was found in tomb M XVI at SouthSaqqara.
The namesand titles in the tomb identify the man as Anu, Inspectorof prophetsof the
pyramid of Pepi 11, he
and probably datesto the end of that reign or slightly later. The
620 SaqqaraExcavationNumber 3513-26[4211.
621 Published by Martin, Hetepka, 21, Pl. 22 No. 15; and, id., SAN, 114, Pl. 14 No. 1598. See
Appendix 1.
622 Cf. Helck. Beamtentiteln,
passim.
623 Martin, SAN, 1] 4
and Appendix H.
136
coffin found in the tomb has been examined by WillemS624 who assigns it to his group
1/1, a group with origins back to the beginning of Dynasty VI. Baer625attributes Anu to
the second half of the reign of Pepi IL A First Intermediate Period date, and even a
Middle Kingdom one, has been suggestedby some authorS626for tombs in this area,but
the majority are of Dynasty VI date so the earlier date cannot be ruled out. The statuewas
found in the burial chamber by Mquier in his 1933-4 season.627It is the figure of a man
with the left leg very slightly advanced (S. 2), in a skullcap (W. 3) and a knee-length
projecting-panel kilt (D. 3). The left is

arm missing. The right arrn is parallel with the fist
pierced and holding a sceptre(A. 6a). The kilt and the separatelycarved knot inserted into
the waistband just to the left of the navel are covered in gold leaf. There are no parallels
for this statuein Catalogue A, and only one in Catalogue B, B58, Pl. 100, a statuewhich
dates to the last years of Pepi 11at the earliest.
Catalogue No. C3, Cambridge,Fitzwilliam Museum40-1937,Pl. 109d-e,is a striding

male of unknown provenance,originally in the Ricketts and Shannon collection. The
is
statue wearingthe short,close-fittingnaturalcoiffure (W. 3), a shortprojecting-panel
kilt (D.3) and is holding a staff in the left hand.The right arm is pendantwith a pierced
fist (A.3). The closestparallelto it is CatalogueNo. C2 above,which is tentativelydated
to the last yearsof PepiIl at the earliest.
Catalogue No. C4, Nationalmuseet Copenhagen 753 1,131.108 c-d, is a statue of

Nakhtkawi from his tomb at Sedment,No. 2127. It was excavatedby Petrie and Brunton
in the 1920-21 season.628 It is a striding male in very good condition. The statue is
wearing an echelon-curl wig in vertical rows which reveals the earlobes (W. 6a), and a
short, plain white skirt (D. 6) which is covered by a piece of linen wrapped around the
statue's waist (Ac. 15). The arms of the statue are pendant with both the hands open
(A. 15), and the left leg is advanced(S-3). Both the wig and the arms are new styles. The
archaeological discussion above, pp. 90-91, suggests a date at the end of the Old
624 Chests
ofLife, Sq20X, pp. 186-7.
625 Rank
and 7-Itle,[84163.
626 Notably Fischer, W 90 (1963), 37; Mquier, ASAE 35 (1935), 153-55.
627 Mquier, ASAE 34 (1934), 79; 35 (1935), 153 fig 17.
,
628 Petrie, Sedment 1,7.12-13, Pl. XXVI, 1. The rest of the contents of the tomb are in
Copenhagen as well: the Nationalmuseet has a pair of offering bearers No. 7545; the Ny Carlsberg
Glyptotek has two boats,a granary,a domesticsceneand two coffins EIN 1585-6.
137
Kingdomasthe earliestpossiblefor this statue.The coffins found in the tombhavebeen
examinedby WillemS629who assignsthem to his group 1/1,a groupwith origins back
to the beginning of Dynasty VI.
Catalogue No. C5, Cairo Museum JE 28992, CG 228, PI. 110a-b, is a standingnude
female (Sf. 2; Df. 3) wearing a striated tripartite wig which does not cover the ears
(Wfi2b). The extantarm is pendantwith an openhand(Af. 2). The statueis saidto come
from Akhmim, and enteredthe museumin 1890.630The closestparallelin CatalogueB
is B67, Pl. 104a-b,which datesto the endof the Old Kingdom.
Catalogue No. C6, Cairo Museum JE 28994, CG 225, Pl. 110c-d, is a standingnude
female(Sf.2; DO) in a tripartite wig which is madeup of echelon-curls,is shorterat the
back, and which doesnot cover the ears (Wf. 6). The arms are missing. There are no
exactparallelsin eitherCatalogueA or CatalogueB. It mostlikely datesto the endof the
Old Kingdom, as it resemblesthe statuesfrom that period more than the one from the
reignof Unas'631 but thereis alwaysthe possibilitythatit is from a laterperiod.
Catalogue No. C7, ManchesterMuseum No. 4230, Pl. 110 e, is a poorly preserved
statueof a nudefemale(130). The wig is a tripartite onewhich revealsthe ears(Wf.2a)
and the armsare missing (ALI). The provenanceis unknown.The closestparallelfrom
CatalogueB is B70, Pl. 106a-b,which datesto the endof the Old Kingdom.
Catalogue No. C8, Pl.112a-b,is a statuewhich wasexcavatedat Nagaed-Der,tomb N

92 by Reisnerat the beginningof thecentury,but its presentlocationis unknown.632It is
the figure of a striding male (S.4) wearingthe short,echelon-curlwig coveringthe ears
(W. 1) and a half-gofferedkilt (D.2f). The armsare missing.There areno parallelswith
statues from Catalogue A, but Cemetery N at Naga ed-Der dates from the later Old
633
Kingdom, andthe type of kilt is one which doesnot appearbeforethe reign of Pepi
11.
629 Chests Life, Sid2-3X.,
of p. 101. Willems suggeststhat these coffins "may be as late as the
early Xllth Dynasty."
630 See 409.
p.
631 For
example,CatalogueNos. B68; B71 rather than No. 139;Pls. 104c-d, 106e-f.rather than 74c.
6321 know this
of statuethanksto a personalcommunicationfrom E. Brovarski.
633 Brovarski,a IV, 296-317.
138
The next four statues in the sequence,Catalogue Nos. C9-12, Pl. I 11, are all
uncircumcised,and threeof themhaveevidenceof a sidelockof youth on the sidesof
their heads.C9 has beendated by Smith634to early in Dynasty V, and parallelsare
drawn by him to C 10 and C 11. C9 doesnot have any sign of a sidelockbut C 10, CII
andC12 do. C9 andCIO havetheir right indexfinger pointingto their mouth,while CII
and C 12havetheir armspendant.CII hasopenhands,C 12hasthe left handopenand
the right claspedand pierced.This may be evidenceof a developmentover time, as we
haveseenbeforein the featurelist. It doesnot appearpossibleto assigndatesto C9-12,
but their relativeorderappearsto be secure.
Catalogue No. C9, Berkeley,PhoebeHearstMuseumof AnthropologyInventory
No. 6-19768, Pl. IIIa, is a nude and uncircumcisedmale (D.4b), wearing a short,
close-fitting naturalcoiffure (W. 3). The left arm was pendant,and is still extantin the
illustration in Smith'635althoughit is not on the statueat present.The right arm is bent
upwardsat the elbow acrossthe chest,and the index finger is resting on the lower lip
(A. 17a).The left leg is advanced(S.4). The statuecomesfrom the burial chamberof G
1152 at Giza. This statue has been variously dated to Dynasty IV, Dynasty V and
DynastyVI. 636
Catalogue C10, Cairo MuseumJE 17331,CG 128,Pl. IIIb, is a nudemalewith
the right leg slightly extended(S.8), and pointing with the right index finger to the lower
lip. The left arm is pendant, and the hand is open. The right hand, except for the index
finger, is clasped (A. 17). The figure is uncircumcised (D. 4b) and is wearing the short,
close-fitting natural coiffure. In addition, there was once a sidelock of youth on the right
hand side of the head (W. 3c). The statuecomes from Giza.
Catalogue No. C11, Cairo Museum CG 149, Pl. III c-d, is a nude male of
unknownprovenancewearingthe short,close-fittingcoiffure which oncehad a sideloCk
on the right handside (W.3c). The figure is standing(S.7) andis uncircumcised(D.4b).
The arms are pendantwith open hands (A. 15). The provenanceof this statueis not
known.
Turin, Museo Egizio, unknown inventory number,
Catalogue No. C12, Pl. IIIe,
is an uncircumcised nude male statue (D. 4b). The figure is striding (S. 1) and the arms
are pendant with the right hand as a pierced fist, and the left hand open (A. 12a). The
634HESPOK,
59.
635
op. cit., PI. 23d.
636 E. Elsasser/Fredrickson, Ancient Egypt, 36; PM 111/2,56; Alte Agypten, 62.
g., Westendorf, Das
139
statueis wearingthe short,close-fittingnaturalcoiffure, and there is a peg on the right
sideof theheadindicatingthat the sidelockof youth wasoncepresent(W.3c).
Catalogue No. C13, Yale, University Art Gallery Inv. No. 1957.7.18,Pl. 112c, is the
face of a life-size male statue,presentedto the museumby Mr Fred Olsen in 1957.It
oncehad inlaid eyes(Ac.4), and the wig is an echelon-curltype, but not enoughof it
remainsto establishwhich (W. I c). Therearethreestatuesin CataloguesA andB which
haveechelon-curlwigs and inlaid eyes,Nos. A5, A 13 and B 16, Pls. 4,10 b-c, 78 a-b,
respectively,but noneof theseis sufficiently like this piece to justify a parallel being
drawn.
Catalogue No. C14, Cairo Museum JE 47036, Pl. 112 d-e, is the head and shoulders of
a male statue, found in Burial No. 33 of the Teti Pyramid Cemetery at Saqqaraby Firth
and Gunn in 1921-22. The statue is wearing a smooth, flared wig which covers the ears
(W. 4d). There are no exact parallels in either Catalogue A or Catalogue B, although two
statueshave vaguely similar types of wig (Nos. A60, Pl. 38, which dates to the reign of
Pepi If, and A 101, Pl. 60 a-b, which dates to the last years of Pepi R at the earliest). The
proximity of the burial to the tomb of Kagemni would imply that it doesnot predatethat
monument (which dates to the reign of Teti), but how much later it is cannot be
established.
Catalogue No. C15, Cairo Museum JE 28902, CG 226, Pl. 112 f, is a statue of a
striding male acquiredin Luxor in 1890.There is no more exact listed.
provenance The
figure.is wearinga uniquetype of echelon-curlwig (W.9), madeup of verticalrows with
an undivided fringe and divided locks aroundthe head.It coversthe ears.In additionthe
figure is wearinga plain kilt (D.5). The armsaremissing.Thereare no parallelsin either
CatalogueA or B. It is possiblethatthis statueis a LatePeriodpiece.
140
CHAPTER 6.
The Catalogues
The information in the cataloguesis designedto supplement the information in the text. It
not only includes information derived from the feature lists, but also other information
relevant to the individual statue, such as bibliography, associated items, and the
inscription,if any. It is whereall the information is gatheredtogetherinto onereference
sheet.
The first entry is the Catalogueletter, A, B or C, followed by the numberof the
statuewithin the catalogue,eg. B65.
This is followed by the Plate No. so that the corresponding illustration can be
quickly located, and a Page Reference for the dating discussion in the text.
The Inventory No., if known, is listed next, including the institution to which the
statuenow belongs.
A short Description follows, eg. striding male,standingfemale,etc.
Then the Provenance, if known, is given, beginning with the name of the
necropolis, and continuing with some more exact information about the tomb, if known.
The Date is establishedby external criteria for the statuesin Catalogue A, and by
internal cross-referencing for Catalogue B. The dates in Catalogue C must remain
tentative.
The Statue Height is given in centimetres, where known, and usually includes the
base. Separatemeasurementsfor the baseare given in the section Base H. W. L., also in
centimetres. Statues without bases are measured from the feet to the top of the head,
without including the chock of wood under the heels which is designedto fit into the
base.
The features,Wig, Dress, Arms, Accessories,Jewellery andStance,are listed
using the sameletter/numbercombination as in the main text, eg. : Wig W. 5; Dress
D.3a;etc.
The Inscription is describedand a transliteration,wherepossible,is given. The
inscriptionsarediscussedin moredetail in Appendix 1. A handcopyof the inscriptionis
affixed to thebottomof the relevantcataloguesheets.
A shortdescriptionof the physicalCondition of the statueis the next section.
The extantColour on the statueis briefly described.It did not prove possibleto
141
coordinatecolour traceswith a colourchartdueto the manyandvariedconditionsunder
which I viewedthe statues.
The Date of Discovery lists the earliestknown modemdatefor the statue,andthe
name of the discoverer, if known. This information is often useful when trying to
reconstructtheexacteventssurroundingtheappearance of a statue.
Associated Items are usually the other objects found in a tomb group. They
include any other statuesfound, with their cataloguenumbers.Relief blocks and other
materialarelistedin Porter-Moss.
The Bibliography lists the sourcepublicationand the Porter-Mossreferencefor
the remainderof the bibliography, and is supplementedby referencessubsequentto
Porter-Moss,whereknown.
Comments is the section reservedfor any further relevantinformation; and in
CatalogueB andCatalogueC alsoincludesthe crossreferencesto CatalogueA.
142
CATALOGUE A
143
A1 Plate No. 1 PageRef. 78-80
Inventory No. Cairo, Egyptian Museum, JE 87698; SRI 5079
Description Striding male
Provenance Saqqara 3079, north of Step Pyramid, Dyn. III-IV cemetery
Date Dynasty IV - Snofru
Statue Height 108 cm Base H. W. L. -

wig W. I Dress D. I Arms A. I
Accessories Ac. 1,2 Jewellery J. 1,2 Stance S. 1
Inscription -
Condition Large areas of plaster and wood missing on inside of right arm, right
hip, right leg, and left shin. Right hand damaged, left foot missing.
Nipples missing. Most of right leg a modem restoration. Missing
base.
Colour Black paint traces on wig; white traces on skirt; red traces on skin.
Date of Discovery Firth, January-April 1931
Associated Items Cairo JE 87699, Catalogue No. A2.
Bibliography Forman, Ag3ptische Kunst, 52, Pl. 33.
Comments Harpur, Decoration, dates S 3078 and S 3080 to the reign of Snofru,
277 [559] and [560].
144
A2 PlateNo. 2 PageRef. 78-80
Inventory No. Cairo, Egyptian Museum, JE 87699; SR15086
Provenance Saqqara3079, north of Step Pyramid, Dyn. III-IV cemetery
Date Dynasty IV - Snofru
StatueHeight 117 cm BaseH. W. L.
wig W. 2 Dress D. 2 Arms A. 2
Accessories Ac. I jewellery - Stance S.2

Inscription
-
ConditionBadly cracked along the length of the statuefrom the right shoulder to
the right knee, passingalso through the left wrist. Right leg is a
restoration. Missing right foot and base.
Colour Black traceson wig. Eyes outlined in black with tracesof white in the
whites. White skirt with dark and light green paint traceson belt and
knot. Skin is reddish brown.
Dateof Discovery Firth, January-April 1931
Associateditems Cairo JE 87698, Catalogue No. Al.
Bibliography Forman, Agyptische Kunst, 51, Pls. 30,31.
Comments Harpur, Decor(ition, dates S 3078 and S 3080 to the reign of Snofru,
277 [559] and [560].
145
A3 PlateNo. 3b PageRef. 80-81
Inventory No. Cairo, Egyptian Museum, CG 34; SR 15747
Provenance Saqqara36, [C8], Ka-aper
Date Dynasty IV - Dynasty V
StatueHeight 110cm BaseH. W. L. -
wig W. 2a Dress D. I Arms A. 3
Accessories Ac. 3 jewellery - Stance S.3

Inscription
-
ConditionLower legs are a modem restoration.
Colour Original colour on head lost.
Dateof Discovery Mariette, 1860
AssociatedItems CG 33, female, CatalogueNo. A4; ?JE 10177, CG 32, male,
CatalogueNo. A5. Granite false door.
Bibliography Mariette, Mastabas, 127-9; PM 111/2,459-460;Ranke,
Personennamen1,338,24; Aldred, Old Kingdom Art, 34;
Vandersleyen,JEA 69 (1983), 61-65; Staehelin, Trticht, 160, n. 5;
Shoukry, SASAE 15,60; 63; 90 n. 1; 92 n. 3; 100 n. 6; 104 n. 3, n. 4,
8,
n. n. 10; 116 n. 3; 230 n. 1; fig. 10; Murray, Mcistabas 1, Pl.
XXXII; Cherpion, Mastabas, 99.
Comments
146
A4 Plate No. 3c PageRef. 80-81

Description Female torso
Provenance Saqqara 36, [C8], Ka-aper


wig Wf. 1 Dress Df. I Arms ALI
Accessories - Jewellery J. I Stance SLI

Inscription -
Condition Generally good but missing arms and all of lower body.
Colour -
Date of Discovery Mariette, 1860
Associated items CG 34, male, Catalogue No. A3; ?JE 10177, CG 32, male, Catalogue
No. A5; granite false door.
Bibliography Mariette, Mastabas, 127-9; PM 111/2,459-460; Ranke,
Personennamen 1,338,24; Aldred, Old Kingdom Art, 34;
Vandersleyen, JEA 69 (1983), 61-65; Nofret- Die Schone, 50, No.
20; Cherpion, Mastabas, 99.
Comments -
147
A5 Plate No. 4 PageRef. 81
Inventory No. Cairo, Egyptian Museum, JE 10177; CG 32; SR 14957

Description Male torso
Provenance Saqqara, perhaps tomb 36

Statue Height 69 cm Base H. IV. L. -

Accessories Ac. 4 jewellery J. I Stance SA
Inscription -
Condition Some heavy cracking on the left side of the head. Missing entirely
below the hips.
Colour Traces of red paint around the eyes.
Date of Discovery Mariette, January 1860
Associated items Perhaps part of the tomb group CG 34, male and CG33, female,
Catalogue Nos. A3 and A4.
Bibliography PM 111/2,724-5; Vandier, Manuel 111,125; Wolf, Kunst, 170,173-4,
Pl. 138; Staehelin, Trcicht, 160, n. 5; Shoukry, SASAE 15,90 n. 1; 92
n. 3; 100 n. 5, n. 6; 104 n. 3, n. 4, n. 8, n. 9, n. 10; Cherpion,
Mastabas, 99.
Comments
148
A6 Plate No. 5 Page Rer. 81
Inventory No. Cairo, Egyptian Museum, JE 26645: CG 268; SR 15720
Provenance Saqqam,tomb of Kahif, Prophet of the Pyramid of Nyuserre
Date Dynasty V- end of reign of Nyuserre or slightly later
StatueHeight 101 Cm BaseH. W. L. -
Accessories Ac. 4,5 jewellery J.2,3 Stance S. 1
Inscription Base, three vertical lines and one horizontal: (1) rhý-nsivhn-pr
pr c3 (2) fry-ýtmw (3) imv-r wpt pr c3 (4) ýim-ntr
K3(f)#wfif
Text on skirt illegible; Borchardt reads i'my-Ir hun [... mn] swt
...
[Ny-wsr-Rcl ým-ntrK3(t)-ý(wfi`f
Condition The thick decorative plaster layer is in poor condition, but the statue
underneath appears to be in relatively good condition. The ears are
damaged, the inlaid eyes are gone, the left forearm is missing.
Colour Black on wig, white on skirt, red on skin and skirt knot, yellow red
and green tassels, blue and green collar, red inscription on skirt.
Date of Discovery 18 May 1873
Associated Items Perhaps JE 22073, female, Catalogue No. A7.
Bibliography PM HI/2,722; Staehelin, Tracht, 160 n. 5; Shoukry, SASAE 15,92
n. 3,100 n.7,104 n. 3, n. 4.
Comments This statue was found on the same day as JE 22073, Catalogue No.
A7. It is possible that they come from the same tomb.
I ---3
MEMM, VV&!!: ý
9/5,
R/
I R-
MR,
-R11/,;
P"
P,og Z-
iIgol MV
1231/1-IM/Mim I
149
A7 Plate No. 6 PageRef. 81
Inventory No. Cairo, EgyptianMuseum,JE 22073;CG 269; SR 277

Description Standing female
Provenance Saqqara - perhaps tomb of Kahif
Date DynastyV- endof reign of Nyuserreor slightly later

Statue Height 50 cm BaseH. W. L. -
wig Wf. I Dress Df. 2 Arms Af. 2
Accessories - Jewellery J.3,4, (7) Stance Sf.2

Inscription -
Condition Missing right arm, base,andmostof the originalcoveringlayerof
decoratedplaster.
Colour Black wig, yellow skin, tracesof black on ankles(anklets? ), greenon
dress.Collar is dark blue, red andgreen,the tiesarewhite with red
markings.
Dateof Discovery 18May 1873
Associateditems PerhapsJE 26645,male,CatalogueNo. A6.
Bibliography PM 111/2,725; Staehelin,Tracht, 124;Shoukry,SASAE15,92 n. 4,
104n. 2,105 n. 2; Wilkinson, Jewellen.,47.
Comments Ibis statuewasfound on the sameday asJE 26645,CatalogueNo.
A6. It is possiblethat they comefrom the sametomb.
150
A8 PlateNo. 7 c, d PageRef. 82
Inventory No. Cairo, Egyptian Museum, JE 40037
Description Head of male
Provenance Saqqara,LS 16 [S902], Vizier Rashepses,serdab
Date Dynasty V- Isesi
StatueHeight 26 cm BaseH. W. L. -
wig W. 3 Dress - Arms
Accessories Ac. 6 Jewellery Stance
Inscription
-
ConditionOnly the head survives.
Colour Black coiffure, brows, outlines of eyes,and pupils, moustache;
whites of eyes white, tracesof red in the comers of the eyes.
Dateof Discovery Quibell, 1907-8
AssociatedItems Stone statuebase: Cairo Temp. No. 23n/17/17
Bibliography Quibell, Saqqara (1907-08), 23-4, Pl. LX; PM 111/2,494-6;5000 drs
agyptisk kunst, Louisiana, No. 63; London. 5000 Years, Cat. No. 26;
5000jaar kunst uit Egypte, Cat. No. 23; 5000 dr eg3ptisk konst, Cat.
No. 33; Smith, HESPOK, 60; Strudwick, Adininistration, 116-7
[95]; Eaton-Krauss, Representations,Nos. 82-84,151-153; Harpur,
Decoration, 275 [456]; Kanawati, Adininistration, 20,133 n. 85.
Comments -
151
A9 PlateNo. 7 a, b PageRer. 82
Inventory No. Cairo, Egyptian Museum, JE 28816, CG 153; SR 15078
Description Torso of striding male
Provenance Akhmim, perhaps from Tomb M23 Memi
wig W. I Dress D. 2 Arms
Accessories Ac. 2 jewellery J. I Stance SA
Inscription
-
ConditionThe arms and the legs below the skirt are missing; a large patch on
the belly is gouged out; many cracks and fissures all over statue.
Colour Faint tracesof black on wig.
Dateof Discovery 1890
AssociatedItems -
Bibliography PM V, 25; Smith, HESPOK, 61; Kanawati, EI-Haivawish V11,57,
Pl. 18a; V, Pls. 4e, 8c, 9b; Shoukry, SASAE 15,90 n. 1,92 n. 3,104
n. 3, n. 8, n. 10,105 n. 1.
Comments -
152
A 10 Plate No. PageRef. 82-83
Inventory No. New York, MetropolitanMuseumof Art, MMA 26.9.2

Description Stridingmale
Provenance Saqqara,tomb of KaemsenunearTeti Pyramid
Date DynastyV- Isesi
Wig W. I Dress D. 2 Arms A. 3
Accessories Ac. 2 Jewellery J. I Stance S.3
Inscription
Condition Baseis badly cracked;the upperpart of the left arm is a modem
reconstruction,only tracesremainof theoriginal thick coveringof
plaster.
Colour Black wig, reddishtraceson skin, white on belt, pinkishtraceson
skirt.
Date of Discovery Firth andGunn, 1921-22
Associated Items FalsedoorMMA 26.9.1;seatedKaemsenuMMA 26.9.3,Catalogue
No. A 11; 11modelboatsandaccessories Cairo JE 63183-94.
Bibliography Firth and Gunn, Teti PýyrainidCemeteries1,31-6,157-8,165; 11,Pls-
16 [a], I 8 [c, d], 5 1; PM 111/2,541;Strudwick, Adininistration, 134,
149-151,252,257,265,273; Baer, Rank and Title, 128 (462), 143-4
(528); Kees, W7KM 54 (1957), 98- 100; Hayes, Scepter 1,104-6,
112, fig. 60, fig. 66; Smith, HESPOK, 90,205; Lansing, BMMA 23
(1928) 159-60, fig. 1; Staehelin, Tracht, 160, n. 5; Kanawati,
Saqqara 1,7-8; Junker, Giza V, 140; Cherpion, Mastabas, 136-7, cf.
228; Poujade, Troisflotilles; Harpur, Decoration, 276 [526], 434
126]; Kanawati, Administration, [343], 19-21.
Comments
153
A 11 PlateNo. 9 PageRer. 82-83
Inventory No. New York, Metropolitan Museum of Art, MMA 26.9.3
Description Seatedmale
Provenance Saqqara,tomb of Kaemsenu,near Teti Pyramid
wig WA Dress D. 2 Arms A. 4
Accessories - Jewellery - Stance S.5

Inscription -
Condition Facial featuresall gone, left forearm missing, right hand damaged,
ravagedby water and termites(?) from mid-thigh to ankle. Seatbadly
cracked around back and left hand side.
Colour -
Dateof Discovery Firth and Gunn, 1921-2
Associateditems False door MMA 26.9.1; striding Kaemsenu MMA 26.9.2,
CatalogueNo. A 10; 11 model boats and accessoriesCairo JE
63183-94.
Bibliography Firth and Gunn, Teti PýyrainidCemeteries1,31-6,157-8,165; 11,Pls.
16 [a], 18 [b], 5 1; PM 111/2,541; Strudwick, Adininistration, 134,
149-151,252,257,265,273; Baer, Rank and Title, 128 (462), 143-4
(528); Kees, W7KM 54 (1957), 98- 100; Hayes, Scepter1,104-6, fig.
60; Smith, HESPOK, 90,205; Kanawati, Saqqara 1,7-8; Junker,
Giza V, 140; Cherpion, Mastabas, 136-7, cf. 228; Poujade, Trois
flotilles; Harpur, Decoration, 276 [526], 434 [126]; Kanawati,
Adininistration, [343], 19-21.
Comments
154
A 12 PlateNo. 10 a PageRef. 83-84
Inventory No. Boston, Museum of Fine Arts, MFA 13.3465
Description Torso of striding nude male
Provenance Giza, tomb 2378A, LG 26, SenedjemibMehi
Date DynastyV- Unas
Wig Dress DA Arms
Accessories Jewellery Stance SA

Inscription
Condition The head,torsoandpart of the legsareall thatremain,andtheseare
badly crackedanddamaged.The wholestatueis coveredin beeswax
andstringwhich obscuresthe details.
Colour
Date of Discovery Reisner,HUMFA expedition1912-13
Associated Items Male statueMFA 13.3466,CatalogueNo. A 13;5 boundcaptives:3
in Cairo; 2 in BostonMFA 13.3458-9
Bibliograpby Reisner,Giza 1,152 [13]; Id., BostonMuseumBulletin xi (1913),62,
fig. 18; PM 111/2,87-89;Smith, HESPOK, 58,90; Strudwick,
Adininistration,50,113,128,133 [121], 200,218,237,252,285, -
301,308; Eaton-Krauss,Representations, Nos. 21-22,121-122;
Harpur,Decoration,269 [220], 441 [136]; Posener,Cinqfigurines
d'envofiteinent,2; Kanawati,Administration,[295], 10,13,25,33.
Comments
155
A 13 Plate No. 10 b, c PageRef. 83-84

Description Striding nude male
Provenance Giza, tomb 2378 A, LG 26, Senedjemib Mehi

Date Dynasty V- Unas

Wig W. I Dress DA Arms A. 3
Accessories AcA Jewellery Stance SA
Inscription
Condition Badinsectdamage,especiallyon right side.Faceis virtually
for
undamagedexcept crack down right temple.Right leg missing
below knee,left below mid-calf-,partof the front of the right foot
with some toes is extant.Eyesmissing.
Colour Wig black.
Date of Discovery Reisner,HUMFA 1912-13
Associated Items Male statueMFA 13.3465,CatalogueNo. A 12;5 boundcaptives:3
in Cairo; 2 in BostonMFA 13.3458-9
Bibliography Reisner,BMFA XI (1913),63 No. 66, fig. 19; PM 111/2,87-89;
Smith, HESPOK, 58,90, Pl. 23 [a, b]; Beekman,Hout, 540,fig.
7.90; Strudwick,Administration,50,113,128,133 [121], 200,218,
237,252,285,301,308; Eaton-Krauss,Representations, Nos.
21-22,121-122;Harpur,Decorcition,269 [220]; 441[136]; Smith,
AncientEg)pt. Museumof Fine Arts, Boston,Pl. 30; Posener,Cinq
figurines denvoaternent,2; Kanawati,Administration,[295], 10,13,
25,33.
Comments
156
A 14 PlateNo. 11 b PageRef. 84-85
Provenance Saqqara,tomb of Akhtihotep, near Unas boat pits
StatueHeight 150 cm (approx) Base11. W. L. -
wig W. I Dress D. 2 Arms A. 3
Accessories Ac. 3 jewellery J. I stance S.3

Inscription-
Condition Missing right arm; left foot and basein poor condition; large areasof
painted plastercoat chipped and flaking.
Colour Black wig, brows and outlines of eyes; skirt white with yellow cross
flap; skin red; belt and collar dark green and black.
Dateof Discovery Abdessalam Mohamed Hussein, 24 March 1940.
Associateditems Seven male statuesCairo JE 93167,93169-93173,93175, Catalogue
Nos. A15-21; female statue JE 93174, CatalogueNo. A22
Bibliography Zayed, ASAE 55 (1958), 127-37, Pls. IX-XV11 esp. Pl. IX, 4th from
left; PM 111/2,638;Badawi, ASAE 40 (1940), 495, Pl. XLVII; Id.,
CdE XX (1945), 80 [as Ptahhotep]; von Kdnel, Les pretres-ouab,
No. 1,1-4.
Comments There is no accessionnumber visible on this statuebut this is most
probably the correct number.
157
A 15 PlateNo. 12 PageRef. 84-85
Inventory No. Cairo, Egyptian Museum, JE 93170: SR 18276
Provenance Saqqara.tomb of Akhtihotep, near Unas boat pits
Accessories Ac. 3,6 jewellery J.3 stance S.3

Inscription Base is inscribed with two vertical lines of hieroglyphs on the right
hand side of the left foot:
(l)W'bS1untpr-'3imy-rwfb(w) (2)nbinz3hhrtzb. frnb3ht-htp
Some chipping of the painted plaster on the arms, otherwise in very

Condition
good condition. Some damageto right shoulder now repaired.
Colour Black wig, brows, outlines of eyes. nostrils, moustache,nipples; skirt
white with yellow cross flap; skin red; belt red, dark green and blue;
collar dark green, greenand white; counterpoisegreenand white.
Dateof Discovery Abdessalam Mohamed Hussein. 24 March 1940.
Associateditems Seven male statuesCairo JE 93167-93169,93171-93173,93175,
CatalogueNos. A14, A16-21; female statueJE 93174, Catalogue
No. A22.
Bibliography PM 111/22,638; Zayed, ASAE 55 (1958), 127-37, Pls. IX-XVII esp.
pl. IX, 1st from left, pl. XIV; Badawi, ASAE 40 (1940), 495, Pl.
XLVII; Id., CdE XX (1945), 80 [as Ptahhotep]; von Kdnel, Les
pr&res-oudb, No. 1,1-4.
Comments -
lz= E---j
<
W=W-O
a
0
00
'q=7
158
A 16 PlateNo. 13 b PageRer. 84-85
StatueHeight 100 cm (approx.) BaseH. W. L. -
wig W. I Dress D. 2a Arms A. 3
Accessories Ac. 2,3 Jewellery J. I Stance S.3

Inscription -
Condition All of the plaster surface appearsto have gone, if there ever was one.
Cracks down face and right side of skirt. Much insect and water
damageto baseand feet.
Colour
Date of Discovery Abdessalam Mohamed Hussein, 24 March 1940.
AssociatedItems Seven male statuesCairo JE 93167-93172,93175, CatalogueNos.
A 14-15,17-2 1; female statueJE 93174, Catalogue No. A22.
Bibliography PM 111/2,638;Zayed, ASAE 55 (1958), 127-37, Pis. lX-XVll esp.
Pl. IX, 2nd from left, Pis. XII, XIII, XV; Badawi, ASAE 40 (1940),
495, Pl. XLVII; Id., CdE XX (1945), 80 [as Ptahhotep]; von Kdnel,
Les pretres-ouelb, No. 1,1-4.
Comments This statuewas in an inaccessiblemagazine- all information comes
from the article in ASAE 55, plus plates.
159
A 17 Plate No. 11 C Page Ref. 84-85

Provenance Saqqam, tomb of Akhtihotep, near Unas boat pits
Statue Height 140 cm (approx. ) Base 11. W. L. -

wig WA Dress D. 2a Arms A. 3
Accessories Ac. 2 Jewellery J. I Stance SA
Inscription -
Condition Missing left arm below elbow, right leg below hem of skirt, and left
leg below nU-calf. Base also missing.
Colour -
Associated items Seven male statues Cairo JE 93167-93173, Catalogue Nos. A 14-16,
A 18-21; female statue JE 93174, Catalogue No. A22.
Bibliography PM 111/2,638; Zayed, ASAE 55 (1958), 127-37; Badawi, ASAE 40
(1940), 495, Pl. XLVII; Id., CdE XX (1945), 80 [as Ptahhotep], von
Kdnel, Les pr&res-ouab, No. 1,1-4.
Comments This statue is in an inaccessible magazine; the accession number must

be regarded with caution.
160
A 18 PlateNo. 14 a. b PageRef. 84-85
Inventory No. Cairo. Egyptian Museum. JE,93167, SR 18273
Provenance Saqqara,tomb of Akhtihotep. near Unas boat pits
Statue Height 135cm (approx.) BaseH. W. L. -
Accessories Ac. 1,2 Jewellery Stance S.3

Inscription One line of carved hieroglyphs on the left hand side of the base. very
difficult to read through the glass case.
(1) rtwuw N [3ht-htp]
Condition No tracesof a plaster coating-,some cracking down face and torso has
been repaired. Missing right foot. Some damageto the back of the
base.
Colour Black wig, tracesof red on torso.
Associateditems Seven male statuesCairo JE 93168-93173,93175, CatalogueNos.
A 14-17, A 19-21; female statueJE 93174, Catalogue No. A221.
Bibliography PM 111/2,638;Zayed, ASAE 55 (1958), 127-37; Pls. VIII, back. LX.
3rd from left, XVI; Badawi, ASAE 40 (1940), 405. Pl. XLVII: Id.,
CdE XX (1945), 80 (as Ptahhotep]; von Kdnel, Les pr&res-oudb.
No. 1,1-4.
Comments There was no trace of an accessionnumber visible on this statue.
161
Inventory No. Cairo, EggyptianMuseum. JE 93169: SR 18275
Provenance Saqqara,tomb of Akhtihotep. near Unas boat pits
wig W. 2 Dress D. I Arms A. I
Accessories Ac. I Jewellery J. 3 Stance S.3
Inscription Faint traces of one horizontal line on the base
(1) rh-nsw [ I
...
Condition Faint traces of plaster on skirt only, perhaps it never had any
elsewhere. Wood is blackened in places, including on face. Left front
comer of skirt gone. Base in bad condition. Left foot and front part of
right foot gone.
Colour Black coiffure, brows and outlines of eyes.
Associated items Seven male statues Cairo JE 93167-93168,93170-93173,93175,
Catalogue Nos. A 14-18, A'20-2 1, female statue JE 93 174, Catalogue
No. X2 2.
Bibliography PM 111/2,638; Zayed, ASAE 55 (1958), 127-37; Badawi, ASAE 40
(1940), 495, Pl. XLVII; Id., CdE XX (1945), 80 [as Ptahhotep]; von
Kdnel, Les pr&res-oudb, No. 1,1-4.
Comments -
162
Inventory No. Cairo, Egyptian Museum, JE 93171, SR18277
Accessories Ac. 2,3 jewellery J. 1 Stance SA
Inscription Base is apparantly inscribed with the namesand titles of Akhtihotep,
not visible on photograph.
Condition Missing right arm. Painted plaster surfacechipped and flaking.
Colour I only had accessto a black and white photograph.
AssociatedItems Seven male statuesCairo JE 93167-93170,93172-93173,93175,
Catalogue No. A 14-19, A2 1; female statueJE 93174, CatalogueNo.
A22.
Bibliography
PM 111/2,638;Zayed, ASAE 55 (1958), 127-37, Pls. IX, right, X;
Badawi, ASAE 40 (1940), 495, Pl. XLVII; Id., CdE XX (1945), 80
[as Ptahhotep]; von Kdnel, Les pretres-ouab, No. 1,1-4.
Comments This statueis in an inaccessiblemagazine so I was only able to use
the black and white print from ASAE 55.
163
A 21 PlateNo. 14 c PageRef. 84-85
Inventory No. Cairo, Egyptian Museum, JE 93172; SR 18278
StatueHeight 87.5 cm BaseH. W. L. -
wig W. 2 Dress DA Arms A. 3
Accessories Ac. 2 jewellery - Stance SA

Inscription -
Condition The statuedoesnot appearto have had a painted plaster coating,
although it is difficult to be sure from the photograph. Missing both
legs below kneesand the left arm.
Colour -
Associateditems Seven male statuesCairo JE 93167-93171,93173,93175, Catalogue
Nos. A 14-20; female statue JE 93174, CatalogueNo. A22.
PM 111/2,638;Zayed, ASAE 55 (1958), 127-37, Pl. VII, right;
Bibliography
[as Ptahhotep]; von Kanel, Les pretres-ouab, No. 1,1-4.
Comments In an inaccessiblemagazine,only studied from photograph in ASAE
55.
164
A 22 Plate No. 13 a Page Ref. 84-85
Inventory No. Cairo, EgyptianMuseum,JE 93174;SR 18280
Provenance Saqqara, tomb of Akhtihotep, near Unas boat pits


wig WL 1 Dress Df. 2 Arms Af. 3
Accessories Ac. 7 Jewellery J. 1,5 Stance Sf. 2
Inscription -
Condition Plaster surface badly cracked and flaking all over. Legs missing
below the knees.
Colour I only had access to a black and white photograph.

Associated Items Eight male statues Cairo JE 93167-93173,93175, Catalogue Nos.
A14-21.
Bibliography PM 111/2,638;Zayed, ASAE 55 (1958), 127-37, Pls. VII, left, XI;

[as Ptahhotep]; von Minel, Les pretres-oudb, No. 1,1-4.
Comments In an inaccessiblemagazine,only studiedfrom photographin ASAE
55.
165
Provenance Saqqara,tomb of Metri, near Unas causeway
wig W. I Dress D. 5 Arms A. 4a
Accessories Ac. 2,8 Jewellery J. 1,6 stance S.5

Inscription -
Condition Most of the original painted plaster layer is missing. Feet are
damagedand base is missing.
Colour Black wig; tracesof green on collar and bracelet;white skirt, tracesof
white on fingernails; yellow traces on belt; reddish skin.
Dateof Discovery Firth, 1925-6.
Associateditems Six other male statues:MMA 26.2.2,26.2.4; MedelhavsmuseetMM
11410; Cairo JE 52081,93165,93166; CatalogueNos. A24-29;
three female: MMA 26.2.3,26.2.5; Cairo JE 51738, CatalogueNos.
A30-32.
Bibliography Firth, ASAE 26 (1926), 101 ff + plates; PM 111/2,632;Smith,
HESPOK, 60; Peterson,MedellwvsmuseetBulletin 19 (1984), 10-18;
Shoukry, SASAE 15,90 n. 1.
Comments -
166
A 24 Plate No. 18 PageRef. 85-86

Nvig WA Dress D. 2 Arms A. 3
Accessories Ac. 3,9 jewellery J. 3 Stance S.3

Inscription -
Condition Badly cracked through the left side of the head to the middle of the
kilt. Feet and base missing. Only scattered traces of the original
painted plaster layer remain.
Colour Traces of black on the wig, red on the skin, green and white on the
belt and the collar.
Date of Discovery Firth, 1925-6.
Associated Items Six other male statues: MMA 26.2.4,26.2.6; Medelhavsmuseet MM
114 10; Cairo JE 52081,93165,93166, Catalogue Nos. A23,25-29;
three female: MMA 26.2.3,26.2.5; Cairo JE 51738, Catalogue Nos.
A30-32.
Bibliography Firth, ASAE 26 (1926), 101 ff + plates; PM 111/2,632; Smith,
HESPOK, 60; Zayed, Trois budes, 14ff, p1s. 9-11; Peterson,
Medelhavsinuseet Bulletin 19 (1984), 10-18; Davenport, Book of
Costione 1,2 1, Pl. 48; Bothmar, Egyptian Sculpture, 90; Smith, Art
and Architecture, xiii, 77, Pl. 52b; Hibbard, The MMA (1980), 36,
fig. 57; Staehelin, Tr(icht, 160, n. 5; Shoukry, SASAE 15,90 n. 1.
Comments -
167
A 25 Plate No. 19 a PageRef. 85-86
Inventory No. New York-, Metropolitan Museum of Art, MMA 26.2.4

Statue Height 99.7 cm Base11. W. L. -
Wig W. 2 Dress D. 3 Arms A. 3
Accessories Ac. 3,9 jewellery Stance SA
Inscription
Condition Only tracesof the original painted plaster layer remain. Legs below
skirt completely gone except for stump of left which indicates that it
was advanced.Front of skirt missing.
Colour Traces of black on wig and red on skin.
Associated Items Six other male statues:MMA 26.2.2,26.2.6; MedelhavsmuseetMM
11410; Cairo JE 52081,93165,93166, Catalogue Nos. A23-24,
A26-29; three female: MMA 26.2.3,26.2.5; Cairo JE 51738,
Catalogue Nos. A30-32.
Bibliography Firth, ASAE 26 (1926), 101 ff + plates; PM 111/2,632;Smith,
HESPOK, 60; Zayed, Trois budes, 14 ff, Pls. 9-11; Peterson,
MedelliavsinuseetBulletin 19 (1984), 10-18; MMA Catalogue
Masterpieces (1970), 8 1, no. 10; Dorman, Eg)pt and the Near East,
18, PI.8; Staehelin, Tracht, 160, n. 5; Shoukry, SASAE 15,90 n. 1.
Comments
168
Inventory No. Stockholm, Medelhavsmuseet,MM 11410
wig W. 2 Dress DA Arms A. I
Accessories Ac. I Jewellery J.2,3 Stance SA

Inscription -
Condition Many cracks in the surface, one large one runs from above the left ear
down to the groin; missing base and legs below mid-calf.
Colour Traces of blue down the back.
AssociatedItems Six other male statues:MMA 26.2.2,26.2.4,26.2.6; Cairo JE 5208 1,
93165,93166, Catalogue Nos. A23-25, A27-29; three female: MMA
26.2.3,26.2.5; Cairo JE 51738, Catalogue Nos. A30-32.
Peterson,MedelhavsinuseetBulletin 19 (1984), 10-18, + plates;
Bibliography
Lugn, SvenskaOfientsdIlsk-apetsArsbok 1937,189; 5000 Jr egyptisk
konst, No. 29.
Comments This statuewas originally one of the five allocatedto the Cairo
Museum, and was subsequently presentedto Crown-Prince Gustav
Adolf during his visit to Egypt in 1935.
169
A 27 Plate No. 20 a, c, d PageRef. 85-86
Inventory No. Cairo, EgyptianMuseum,JE 93165;SR 18271

Description Male, scribe
Provenance Saqqara, tomb of Metri, near Unas causeway

Statue Height 76 cm Base H. W. L. W. 50 cm
wig W. 2 Dress D. 2b Arms A. 5
Accessories Ac. 4,6,10 Jewellery J. I Stance S.6

Inscription One line of inscription reading r-I along the front edge of the base-
well-carved at the beginning but trailing off into lines and scratches
towardsthe end.
s3b Id-mr Lir I hntv, hm-ntr M31t, wr ind hnw, hn, s§6 nb
im3h hr inty-rpw Mar
W.
Condition Much of the thick layer of painted plaster is missing. In some places
this layer is 2 cm thick. Wood is in good condition.
Colour Black wig and base;white inscription; red skin; collar is dark and
light greenand white.
Associateditems Six other male statues:MMA 26.2.2,26.2.4,26.2.6;
MedelhavsmuseetMM 11410; Cairo JE 52081,93166, Catalogue
Nos. A23-26, A28-29; three female: MMA 26.2.3,26.2.5; Cairo JE
51738, CatalogueNos. A30-32.
Bibliography PM 111/2,632;Srnith, HESPOK, 60; Petersonin Medelhavsmuseet
Bulletin 19 (1984), 10-18; Shoukry, SASAE 15,90 n. 1; Kuhlman.
Thron, 9,106 [8].
Comments This is theearliestextantevidencefor a woodenpair statue.Oonly the
feetof the secondstatueremain,giving no indicationof its sex.It
be
may the wife or a sonor daughter,or anotherrelative.
M/0/4 ??
XM
El <=> ? 1#9
0
11/2U 'ga
,rn
170
inventory No. Cairo, Egyptian Museum, JE 93166; SRI 8272
Description Male, torso of scribe
wig W. 3 Dress D. 2b Arms A. 5
Accessories Ac. 2,10 jewellery J. I Stance S.6

Inscription -
Condition Missing below waist; missing bookroll except for the endsheld in the
hands, missing the right nipple and most of the painted plaster
surface.The coiffure has a rippled surface which may have been
intended to provide a better grip for the plaster.
Colour Traces of red on the skin.
Nos. A23-27, A29; three female: MMA 26.2.3,26.2.5, Cairo JE
51738, Catalogue Nos. A30-32.
Bibliography PM 111/2,632;Smith, HESPOK, 60; Petersonin Medellwvsniuseet
Bulletin 19 (1984), 10-18; Shoukry, SASAE 15,90 n. 1.
Comments -
171
Description Striding nude male with hunchback
wig W. 3 Dress DA Arms A. 2a
Accessories - Jewellery - Stance SA

Inscription -
Condition Some cracking down the left hand side. Paintedplaster layer flaking
off all over.
Colour Black coiffure and base;tracesof red on skin.
Nos. A23-28; three female: MMA 26.2.3,26.2.5; Cairo JE 51738,
Catalogue Nos. A30-32.
BibliographyFirth in ASAE 26 (1926), 101 ff + plates; PM 111/2,632;Smith,
HESPOK, 60; Zayed, Trois ttudes, 14 ff, Pis. 9-11; Peterson,
'MedellwvsmuseetBulletin 19 (1984), 10-18; Shoukry, SASAE 15,90
n. 1.
Comments This statueshould probably not be regardedas one of the tomb
owner.
172
Inventory No. New York-,MetropolitanMuseumof Art, MMA 26.2.3
Provenance Saqqara, tomb of Metri, near Unas causeway


wig Wf. I Dress Df. 2 Arms AO
Accessories Ac.7 jewellery J.3,7 Stance Sf.2

Inscription -
Condition The backof the statueis in poorcondition.The feetarevery
deteriorated;badcrackon left thigh. Only tracesof original painted
plastercovering.Missing base.
Colour Black wig; tracesof red on skin; collar andcounterpoiseshowtraces
of red,blue andwhite; tracesof white on dress.
AssociatedItems Sevenmalestatues:MMA 26.2.2,26.2.4,26.2.6;Medelhavsmuseet
MM 11410;Cairo JE 52081,93165,93166,CatalogueNos. A23-29;
two female:MMA 26.2.5;Cairo JE 51738,CatalogueNos. A31-32.
Bibliography Firth, ASAE26 (1926), 101ff + plates;PM 111/2,632;Smith,
HESPOK, 60; Zayed,Trois budes, 14-22,P1.10;Peterson,
Medelhavsniuseet Bulletin 19 (1984), 10-18;Davenport,Bookof
Costume1,21, Pl. 48; Bothmar,EgyptianSculpture,90; Smith,Art
and Architecture,
xiii, 77, Pl. 52b; Hibbard,TheMMA (1980), 36,
fig. 57.
Comments -
173
A 31 PlateNo. 23 d PageRef. 85-86
wig Wfla Dress Df. 2 Arms AO
Accessories - jewellery J.8 Stance Sf. 1

Inscription -
Condition Good at top of the statuebut deterioratestowards legs; legs missing
below knees.Most of the original painted plaster layer is gone.
Colour Black wig and tracesof black around eyes; yellow paint in patchesall
over skin; whitish traceson dress.Neck-lacemade of green and white
beads.
Associateditems Seven male statues:MMA 26.2.2,26.2.4,26.2.6; Medelhavsmuseet
MM 11410; Cairo JE 52081,93165,93166, Catalogue Nos. A23-29;
two female: MMA 26.2.3; Cairo JE 51738, Catalogue Nos. A30,
A32.
Bibliography Firth, ASAE 26 (1926), 101 ff-, PM 111/2,632;Smith, HESPOK, 60;
Zayed, Trois budes, 14-22; Peterson,MedellwvsniuseetBulletin 19
(1984), 10-18.
Comments -
174
A 32 PlateNo. 23 a, b, c PageRef. 85-86
StatueHeight 150 cm BaseIf. W. L. -
wig Wf. 2 Dress Df. 2 Arms AO
Accessories Ac. 11 jewellery J.3,4,6,9 stance Sf.2

Inscription -
Condition Nose and right foot damaged; basemissing; painted plaster layer
virtually gone.
Colour Black wig; tracesof white on dress;collar green,white, yellow,
black.
AssociatedItems Seven male statues:MMA 26.2.2,26.2.4,26.2.6; Medelhavsmuseet
MM 11410; Cairo JE 52081,93165,93166, Catalogue Nos. A23-29;
twofernale: MMA 26.2.3; 26.2.5, Catalogue Nos. A30-31.
Bibliography PM 111/2,632;Peterson,MedelliavsynuseetBulletin 19 (1984), 10-18;
Saleh-Sourouzian,The Eg)ptian Museum Cairo, No. 55; Staehelin,
Tracht, 181 n. 2.
Comments -
175
A 33 Plate No. 24 a, b Page Rer. 86-88

Provenance Saqqara,tomb of Kaemhesit and Kapunesut, serdabof Kapunesut
Date Late Dynasty V- Unas/7eti
Statue Height 150cm Base H. W. L.
Accessories Jewellery J. 6 Stance S. 3

-
Inscription The belt is inscribed with name and titles, leading in both directions
away from the knot around to the back. (1) (reading r-l I indti ýd nsw
K3-pw-nsw ýiwt hdt wr irt in T3-wr (2) (reading I-r) tnyýz ýd nswt
jil
K3-pw-nsw ýwt K3-pw-nsw
Condition Badly cracked down front; face almost totally obliterated by cracks
and breaks; left arm and both feet missing; base missing.
Colour Black on wig, traces of red on skin, fingernails white, white traces on
skirt.
Date of Discovery Firth, 1922.
Associated items Cairo JE 67369, pair statue of Kapunesut and son, Catalogue No.
A35; Boston MFA 24.604, head of male statue, Catalogue No. A34.
Bibliography Quibell& Hayter, Teti Pýyramid Cemeteries 1,20; PM 111/1021.542:
Zayed, Trois ttudes, 1- 19; Kees, W7KM 54 (1957), 91- 100;
Strudwick, Administration, 150-1; Hayes, Scepter 1,112; Fischer.
MMJ 12(1977), 17n. 153;Ranke,Personennamen
1,339,12; Sethe.
Urkunden 1,206-7; Capart, Documents I, Pl. 13; Kanawati, Saqqara
1,7; Baer, Rank and Title, 143-4 (528); Harpur, Decoration, 276
[525].
Comments Had originally extensiverestoration, but this has now been removed.
A sceptrein the Saqqaramagazinewhich has the titles of Kapunesut
and Kaemhesiton it could belong to the statuein Cairo I did not see.
'13
176
A 34 PlateNo. 24 c, d PageRef. 86-88
Description Face of male statue
Date Late Dynasty V- Unas/Teti
StatueHeight 13.5 cm Base11. W. L. -
wig W. 2 Dress - Arms -
Accessories - Jewellery - Stance -
Inscription -
Condition Only the front of the head and part of the neck is extant.
Colour Hair black, brows and outlines of eyes black, skin whitish yellow.
Dateof Discovery Firth, 1922.
Associateditems Cairo JE 67369, pair statue of Kapunesut and son CatalogueNo.
A35; Boston MMA 26.2.7, Catalogue No. A33.
Bibliography Quibell & Hayter, Teti PýyramidCemeteries1,20; Kees, WZKM 54
G 957), 91- 100; Shoukry, SASAE 15,23 8; Kanawati, Saqqara 1,7;
Baer, Rank and Title, 143-4 [528]; Harpur, Decoration, 276 [525].
Comments The skin colour is that usually reservedfor females, but the wig type
is only found on male statues.Quibell on p. 20 refers to the head of
the mother of Kapunesut and this may be the piece he means.
177
A 35 PlateNo. - PageRef. 86-88
inventory No. Cairo, Egyptian Museum, JE 67369
Date Late Dynasty V- Unas/Teti
StatueHeight 157 cm BaseH. W. L. 8 cm x 65 cm x 105.5cm
Wig - Dress D. 2 Arms A. 3
Accessories Ac. 9 Jewellery - Stance S.3

Inscription Base, 10 vertical columns and I horizontal line: (lv) 0
mdý nsw ýiwt
hdt wr frt m T3-wr hm-ntr S§3t hntt hwt rwif i'mv-r kd n hnw (2) ýd n
pr-13 rh-nsw (3) skd nU (4) nsw sl (5) ýr)-slO n k3t kd m
ýnk K3-pw-nsw (7) IM3hw hr nb.f t1rmrrt nbf re
(6) m nsw m
kd Wbt hry-sit3 (9) Zfb ; kd dw3t
nb (8) imv-r n n w1bt sw I'MV-r n pr
hr 13
nb i'm3h ntr i'mv-r n shwt nbkd (10) mry h.
f im3hw tV hr
hr
hn3ýw mwt. f K3-pw-nsw (1h) zm3hn ftf Sým-U Belt: mdh kd
nsw hv; t hdt wr frt m T3-wr ým-rqtrnL AM3ý Lir qtr 13ýiry-s*3
K3-pw-nsw Sceptre:tnýft ýd nsw ýwt Wt K3-pw-nsw
Condition Very poor. Missing head and arms.
Colour Tracesof colour on plaster coating.
Associateditems Boston MFA 24.604, head of male statue,CatalogueNo. A34;
Boston MMA 26.2.7, male statue, CatalogueNo. A33.
Bibliography Quibell & Hayter, Teti Pyramid Cemeteries1,20; PM 111/2,542;
Zayed, Trois ttudes, 1-19; Kees, W7KM 54 (1957), 9 1-100;
Strudwick, Administration, 150-1; Ranke. PersonennamenL 339,
12; Sethe, Urkunden 1,206-7; Capart, Documents 1, Pl. 13;
Kanawati, Saqqara 1,7; Baer, Rank and Title, 143-4 (528); Harpur,
Decoration, 276 [525].
Comments Firth gives 175 cm as the height of the statue,but this must be a
guess at the original height including the head.
For texts, seeover.
178
M
U
1..
11
Base
Sceptre
-
d'
Belt
A 36 Plate No. - PageRef. 88
Inventory No. Saqqara Magazine I

Provenance Saqqara, tomb of Ny-kau-Isesi
Date Dynasty VI - Teti
Statue Height 3/4 lifesize Base H. W. L. L. 85 cm (approx. )
wig W. la Dress DA Arms A. 3
Accessories Ac. 2 jewellery - Stance SAa

Inscription -
Condition Badly decayed when found, now preserved in plastifying substance.
Arms carved from same block as torso; left leg pegged into thigh.
Colour Traces of black on wig.
Date of Discovery Mahmud Abd el-Razik, 1983(?).
Associated items Two other 3/4 lifesize statues in Saqqara magazine, Catalogue Nos.
A37-38; 3 smaller statues, not seen by me.
Bibliography Goedicke, KonigL Dokuynente, 3740, fig. 3; Petrie, Abydos 11,Pl.
XV11; Cerny, Notebook 120, No. 9; Strudwick, GM 43 (198 1),
69-7 1; Strudwick, Administration, 105 [76], 218,223,285,324;
Sethe,Urkunden1,207-8;Moret, Jounial Asiatique(1917),439;
.
Kanawati,Saqqara1,8-9 andn. 26; Harpur,Decoration,198,252,
573; James,HierogýyphicTexts1,33, Pl. 31.
Comments -
179
A 37 Plate No. - PageRef. 88
Inventory No. Saqqara Magazine 2
Description Standing male
Provenance Saqqara, tomb of Ny-kau-Isesi
Date Dynasty VI - Teti
Statue Height 3/4 lifesize Base H. W. L. -

Accessories AcA jewellery Stance S.4a

-
Inscription -
Condition Poor condition when found, now restored with plastifying substance.
Inlaid eyes missing, arms and legs badly decayed. Ears attached to
head with two pins, one above and one below.
Colour Traces of black on wig, red on skin, white on skirt.
Date of Discovery Mahmud Abd el-Razik, 1983(?).
Associated items Two other 3/4 lifesize statues in Saqqara Magazine, Catalogue Nos.
A36, A38; 3 smaller statues, not seen by me.
Bibliography Goedicke, K6nigL Dokutnente, 3740, fig. 3; Petrie, Akydos 11,Pl.
xvii; Cemy, Notebook 120, No. 9; Strudwick, GM 43 (1981), 69-7 1;
Strudwick, Administration, 105 [76], 218,223,285,324; Sethe, -
Urk-unden 1,207-8; Moret, Joumal Asiatique (1917), 439; Kanawati,
Saqqara 1,8-9 and n. 26; Harpur, Decoration, 198,252,573; James,
Hierogýiph ic Texts 1,3 3, Pl. 3 1.
Comments .
180
A 38 Plate No. - Page Ref. 88
Inventory No. SaqqaraMagazine3
Description Standingmale
Provenance Saqqara,tomb of Ny-kau-Isesi
Date DynastyVI - Teti
Statue Height 3/4 lifesize Base H. W. L. -
Wig W. I Dress D. 3a Arms A. 3
Accessories Jewellery Stance S.4a
Inscription
Condition Poor condition when discovered, now treated with plastifying
substance.Legs in very poor state.Side panelsof skirt attachedwith
pegs, two on each side.
Colour Black wig, red skin, white skirt. Traces of black around eyes.
Date of Discoviry Mahmud Abd el-Razik, 1983(?).
Associated Items Two other 3/4 lifesize statuesin SaqqaraMagazine, CatalogueNos.
A36-37; 3 smaller statues,not seenby me.
Bibliography Goedicke, K6nigl. Dokumente, 37-40, fig. 3; Petrie,Akydos 11,Pl.
xvii; Cemy, Notebook 120, No. 9; Strudwick, GM 43 (1981), 69-7 1;
Strudwick, Administration, 105 [76], 218,223,285,324; Sethe,
Urkunden 1,207-8; Moret, Journal Asiatique (1917), 439; Kanawati,
Saqqara 1,8-9 and n. 26; Harpur, Decoration, 198,252,573; James,
Hierogýyphic Texts 1,3 3, Pl. 3 1.
Comments
181
A 39 PlateNo. 25 a, b, c PageRef. 88-89
InventoryNo. Cairo. Egyptian Museum. JE 47775: SR 14774
Provenance Saqqara,tomb of Khenu, built against temenoswall of Mereruka
Date Dynasty VI - Teti/Pepi I
Accessories Jewellery Stance S.3
Inscription Base inscribed with one vertical line of hieroglyphs of which only the
first few signs are legible:
smr wfiy ýry-ýb [ ... I
Condition Face is a separate piece, arms from same block as torso. The outside
part of the left arm is eaten away.
Colour Black coiffure, outlines of eyes, brows, base; whites of eyes white.
Date of Discovery Firth and Gunn, 1923.
Associated items Two other statues, present whereabouts unknown; obelisk with base
with offering basin: CG 17006
Bibliography Firth and Gunn, Teti Pýyramid Cemeteries 1,42[2]; 11,Pl. 17[F]; PM
111/2,537; Ranke,Personennamen 1,270,4; Martin, Garantsý,
tnbol,
225 [31].
Comments It is possiblethat this manis a sonor grandsonof Mereruka.
182
A 40 Plate No. 25 e Page Ref. 89
Provenance Saqqara, tomb of Metjetji
Date Dynasty VI - Pepi I
Statue Height 80 cm Base H. W. L. 17.8 cm x 44.5 cm
wig W. I Dress D. 2 Arms A. I
Accessories Ac. 1,2 Jewellery J. I Stance S.3

Inscription Base inscribed with two vertical lines and one horizontal line of
incised hieroglyphs:
(1) i'm3hw hr ntr '3 (2) i'my-r st hn,,ý?-§pr-3 (3) 46
Some long cracks down the length of the torso; most of the original
Condition
thick layer of painted plaster is now gone. Left side of basepatchy.
Colour Black wig, brows, outlines of eyes,pupils, and base;white skirt,
Steinkerne,whites of eyes,and finger- and toenails; tracesof yellow
on skirt flap; greenand yellow on belt and tab; tracesof red on skin.
Dateof Discovery Purchased13 November, 1947.
Associateditems Brooklyn 53.222; 50.77; 5 1-1; Nelson Atkins 50- 1, Catalogue Nos.
A41-44; false door in private possessionin Egypt.
Bibliography PM 111/2,646-8;Kaplony, Studien zum Grab des Methethi; Id.,
Orientalia37 (1968), 1-62,339-345;Ranke,Personennanzen
1,167,
24; Pritchard,ANEP, fig. 15; Vandier, Manuel V, Pls. V, XIX;
Eaton-Krauss, Representations, 184-5, No. 150; Id., JARCE 13
(1976), 21-4; Harpur, Decoration, 274 (426].
Comments -
Fo
0
44
183
A 41 Plate No. 26 PageRef. 89
Inventory No. The Brooklyn Museum, 53.222

Provenance Saqqara.tomb of Metjetji
Statue Height 76.5 cm Base H. W. L. 5.9 cm x 16.7 cm x 35 cm
wig W. I Dress D. 2 Arms A. I
Accessories Ac. 1,2,6 jewellery J. 3,10 Stance S.3

Inscription Base inscribed with two vertical lines to the right of the left foot,
reading r-1, plus one damaged horizontal line alone, the front of the
base.
(1) b'n3hw hr ntr `3 (2) ilm3ýw 6r 7npw (3) [kqly
Condition Damaged and flaking plaster surface now mostly restored. Base
cracked into two but now reattached.
Colour Black wig, brows, outlines of eyes, pupils, details on belt: red skin.
collar, belt and sporran red, green, blue, and yellow; white skirt,
Steinkeme, and whites of eyes.
Date of Discovery Purchased 1953.
Associated Items Brooklyn 50.77; 5 1.1; Nelson Atkins 5 1- 1; Boston MFA 47.1455,
Catalogue Nos. A40, A42-44; false door in private possession in
Egypt.
Bibliography PM HI/2,646-8; Kaplony, Studien -6uinGrab des Methethi; Id.,
Orientalia 37 (1968), 1-62,339-345; Anno 4 (1976), 110;
Eaton-Krauss, Representations, 184-5, No. 150; Id. JARCE 13
(1976), 21-4, n. 16; Sýyria43 (1966), 202; Reimer, Baessler-Archiv
16 (1968), 117-119; Aymar, The YoungMale in Art (1970), 10:
Legrand, CdE XLVI (1971), 16; Fischer in MMJ 10 (1975), 147;
Wilkinson, Jewellerv, 206, C 14; Spanel, Through Ancient Eyes, 16,
fica,19; Harpur, Decoration, 274 [426].
Comments -
(p
fao
4Zi
184
A 42 Plate No. 27 Page Rer. 89
inventory No. The Brooklyn Museum, 50.77

Provenance Saqqara, tomb of Merjetji
Statue Height 89 cm BaseH. W. L. 6.4 cm x 17.3 cm x 41.7 cm

Accessories Ac. 2,3,5,12 jewellery J. 1,2 Stance S. 3
Inscription Two vertical lines to the right of the left foot, reading r-1, and one
horizontal reading r-l along the front of the base
(1) un3hw tir ntr U (2) IM11-rst hnt%.-§ pr f3 (3) Mtty
Condition Much of the thick plaster layer has flaked off leaving some parts of
the wood exposed, especially on the arms, nose and left side and leg.
Staff broken in middle and repaired. Nipples missing.
Colour Black wig, base, brows, outlines of eyes and pupils; white skirt,
inscription and whites of eyes; red-brown skin-, collar, sporran and
belt blue, green, white, and yellow; flap of skirt yellow.
Date of Discovery Purchased 1950.
Associated items Brooklyn 5 1.1; 53.222: Nelson Atkins 5 1- 1; Boston MFA 47.1455,
Catalogue Nos. A40-4 1, A43-44; false door in private possession in
Egypt.
Bibliography PM 111/2,646-8; Kaplony, Studien zurn Grab des Methethi. Id.,
Orientalia 37 (1968), 1-62.339-345; Needler, BROMA (1954), 12,
No. 22; Vandier, Manuel 111,90- 1, Pl. XXXV (1); Haywood, The
Ancient World (197 1); Views of the Biblical World. Vol. IV, 69;
White, All Aboui Arcluieology, ill. after p. 72: Legrand, CdE XLVI
(1971), 16; Spanel, Through Ancient Eves, 16, fig. 19; Eaton-Krauss,
Represenlations, 1841-5,No. 150, Harpur, Decoration, 274 [426].
Comments -
4a
b-
185
A 43 PlateNo. 28 PageRef. 89
inventoryNo. The Brooklyn Museum.5 1.1
Provenance Saqqara,tomb of Metjetji
StatueHeight 61.4 cm BaseH. W. L. 4.9 cm x 12.9 cm x 32 cm
wig W. 3 Dress D. 3a Arms A. 7

Inscription Two lines
horizontal of carvedhieroglyphson the base, readingr-l
(l)(M3hwhr7npwtpffl-Yw. f (2)t"mi,-rsthtit%,-§pr'3, ýfttt'
ww
Condition Most of the plaster covering of the skirt is gone. Some cracking on
left side, especiallyon left of face and left wrist. Feet damaged.
Colour Black hair, red skin, white skirt and fingernails.
Dateof Discovery Purchased1951.
AssociatedItems Brooklyn 50.77; 53.2222;Nelson Atkins 5 1-1; Boston MFA 47.1455,
CatalogueNos. A40-42, A44; false door in private possessionin
Egypt.
Bibliography PM U1/126,646-8; Kaplony, Studien zum Grab des Methethi; Id., -
Orientalia 37 (1968), 1-62,339-345; Id., Afosaik (1970), cover;
Christiansen,A Guide to Art Museumsin the US (1968), 96, fig. 2 10;
Needler, Vie des Ans 43 (1966), 14-19, Pl. 2, Id., BROMA (1954),
5ff, No. 22; Id., Studies, 135 n. 1; Spaeth.American Art, 41useums
and Galleries (1960), '712;
ýý
Vandier, Manuel 111,91,118,169, pl.
XXXV (8); Art Bulletin 53, no. I (March 1971), 110; BMFA 56
(1958), 62 and n. 11; Bothm ar, ESLP, 90; Payne.History of
Costume(1965), 14, fig. 58; Dictionnaire universel de lart et des
artistes, 43 1; Praeger Encyclopedia ofArt 11(1971). 602; AfO 18
(1957-1958), 436, fig. 1; Anno 3 (1976), 70; Gotteschalk,Die
grossen Pliaraonen (1979), 57; Eaton-Krauss, Representations,
184-5, No. 150; Id., JARCE 13 (1976), 21-4, n. 16; Baines and
Malek, Atlas, 56; Aldred, Egyptian Art, 100, fig. 60, Baer, Rank and
Title, 83 [203A]; Junge in Assmann & Burkard, 5000 Jahre
Agypten, 50, fig. 7; Russell, CostumeHistorT and Style, 19, figs. 2-5;
Hayes, Hertz-First (winter 1985), 32; Eggebrecht,Das Alte Agypten,
426, top; Nera, Agypten, 2 1; Harpur, Decoration, 274 [426].
Comments -
ti
iýI
ý 2
riý,
je-t e--0ý. ýe
o5
186
A 44 Plate No. 2-5 d, f PageRef. 89
Inventory No. KansasCity, NelsonAtkins Museum,NA 5 1-1

Description Stridina male
0
Provenance Saqqara. tomb of Metjetji
Date Dynasty VI - Perni I
Statue Hei-ht 80.5 cm Base H. W. L. -

19
wigXý W. 3 Dress D. 3a Arms A. 7
Accessories Ac. 2,4,13 jewellery J. 10 Stance S.3

Inscription On base: three lines of vertical incised hieroglyphs reading r-1, to the
0
right of the left foot, plus one line of horizontal text across their ends.
(1) I'MAw hr nsw (2) I'MAw hr Mir (3) im3hw hrYnpw tp(f) divf
(4) My- r st ýnly-§pr '13MttI
Condition Excellent. Some plaster missing on shoulders, some damageto rear
of base.There appearsto be an ancient repair to the base.
Colour Black skullcap, brows, base;necklacesdark green,white, red and
0
light green.Skin orangey-brown; nipples brown; white skirt, finger-
00C
and toenails.
Dateof Discovery -
Associateditems Brooklyn 50.77; 51.1-,53.222; Boston MFA 47.1455, Catalogue
0
Nos. A40-43; false door in private possessionin Egypt.
0
Bibliography PIM111/2,646-8;Kaplony,StudienzumGrab des.Wethethi;Ranke,
Personennamen 1,167,24, Smith,HESPOK, 77, Pl. 54;
Eaton-Krauss,Representations,184-5,No. 150;Harpur,
Decoration,274 [426].
Comments
11:
01 00
000
-=" -"2"
-4=ý'qc=:..
Ij! 1'9ýL
.ý
t29L
P
-==
C== 4 'Mdfffc:
'ý2
-.
187
InventoryNo. Cairo. E-gYptianMuseum. CG 267: SR 15675
DescriptionStridini! male
Provenance Giza tomb G 5560 (= LG 35). Kaiher-Ptah
Date Dynasty VI - Pepi I/ Merenre
Statue Heiaht 94 cm Base H. W. L. -
Wic W. 1 Dress D. 2c Arms A. 3
Accessories Ac.2 Jewellery J.1 Stance S.3

Inscription Base inscribedwith one verticalline of hieroglyphsandone
horizontal
P
(1) uny-r bd w1btIM3hwhr ntr 9 (2) rh-nsw K31. 'hr-PtIt
Condition Restoredcracksdown right sideof faceandtorso.Basecrackedand
warped.Left nipple missing.
Colour Black wig. outlinesof eyes.
Date of Discovery Junker?
Associated items Lintel found in G 7652.cf. PM 111/2.20 1.
Bibliography PM 111/2,166-7; Junker,Giza VIII, 108-122;Borchardt,Statuen1,
169. Pl. 57: Smith.HESPOK. 61: Fechheimer.Plastik.41: Ranke.
Personennamen 1.340.2 1: Strudwick.Administration.154[150].
252.260.325: Baer.Rankand Title. 148[544]: Staehelin.Tracht.
160.n. 5: Shoukry.SASAE15.92 n. 3.100 n. 5: 104n. 3. n. 4. n. 6.
n. 8. n. 10:Cherpion.Mastabas.229: Harpur.Decoration.271
[279]: Kanawati.Administration.25 [357].
Comments -
PO
0
. C=Zlo
188
A 46 PlateNo. 29 c PageRer. 91-92
Provenance Sedment 274, tomb of Meryrehashtef
wig W. lb Dress D. 4 Arms A. 3
Accessories Ac. 2,3,9 Jewellei%v - Stance S.3

Inscription -
Condition Very good. One crack visible below left knee. Base slightly warped.
Tip of penis a separatepiece, and perhapsthe whole of the shaft too.
Colour Traces of red paint all over. Black traceson wig. Eyes outlined in
black, with black pupils in white whites. Traces of white on finger-
and toenails.
Dateof Discovery Petrie, 1921-22.
Associateditems Two other male statues:British Museum EA 55722; Copenhagen
AEIN 1560; Catalogue Nos. A47, A48, three groups of servants;
alabasterheadrestinscribed with namesand titles; female statue,
CatalogueNo. A49.
Bibliography PM IV. 115: Petrie, Se&nent L 2-3. Pls. V111.X1[3]: Mokhtar.
Ihndsý-a,104-105, Pl. XIV, c; Drower, Flinders Petrie, 350;
Staehelin,Tracht. 159;Seidimayer,Griibqfelder, 251; Vandier,
Encyclopidiepholographique de Part No. 42; Beekman, Hout 1,fig.
7.9 1; Kanawati, Administration, f 121).
Comments -
189
A 47 Plate No. 29 d PaueRef. 91-92
Inventory No. London, British Museum, EA 55722
Provenance Sedment 274, tomb of Mervrehashtef

Statue Height 50.8 cm Base H. W. L. 5.2 cm x 10.3 cm x 26.4 cm
Wig W. I Dress DA Arms A. 1
Accessories Ac. I Jewellery Stance S.3
Inscription
Condition Very good condition. Small crack down left hand side of face; left
thumb missing. Ancient repair to fight upper chest and left lower
shoulder blade.
Colour Black wig, outlines of eVes,pupils. White in whites of eves and
traceson right thumbnal
Date of Discovery Petrie, 1921-22.
Associated Items Two other male statues:Cairo JE 46992, Copenhagen EIN 1560;
Catalogue Nos. A46, A48; three groups of servants;alabaster
headrestinscribed with namesand titles; female statueCatalogueNo.
A49.
Bibliography PM IV. 115: Petrie. Sedinent1.2-3. Pls. X. XI[3]. James& Davies.
Egyptian Sculpture, 23, fig. 22; Mokhtar, Ihneina, 104-105, pl.
XIV, a; Drower, Flinders Petrie, 350, Pl. 74; Staehelin, Tracht, 159;
Seidlmaver, Grdbeýfelder, 25 1; Kanawati, Administration, F1211.
Comments
190
A 48 PlateNo. 29 e PageRef. 91-92
Inventory No. Copenhagen,Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek, AEIN 1560
Provenance Sedment274, tomb of Meryrehashtef
StatueHeight 64 cm BaseH. W. L. 6.8 cm x 13.2 cm x 34.6 cm
wig W. lb Dress DA Arms A. 3a
Accessories Ac. 3,12 Jewellery - Stance S.3

Inscription -
Condition Very good. Some cracking along the grain all over statue,deepon
back and right hand side.
Colour Black wig, brows, outlines of eyes,pupils; white whites, Steinkern in
right hand, finger- and toenails; red tracesall over body.
Dateof Discovery Petrie, 1921-22.
Associateditems Two other male statues:British Museum EA 55722; Cairo JE
46992; CatalogueNos. A46, A47; three groups of servants;alabaster
headrestinscribed with namesand titles; fem,ýle statue,CatalogueNo.
A49.
Bibliography PM IV, 115; Petrie, Se&nent 1,2-3. Pls. X1, XI[3];
Koefoed-Petersen,Catalogue, 12, No. 11, Pl. X111;Mokhtar,
Ihndsýla, 104-105, Pl. XIV, b; Drower, Flinders Petrie, 350;
Staehlin, Tracht, 159; Seidlmayer, Griiberfelder, 251; Kanawati,
Administration, [1211.
Comments -
191
A 49 Plate No. 29 b PageRef. 91-92
Inventory No. Unknown
Provenance Sedment 274, tomb of Meryrehashtef
Statue Height - Base H. W. L. -

wig Wf. 3 Dress DO Arms AL3
Accessories Jewellery Stance Sf. 2

- -
Inscription -
Condition Appears relatively good from photograph. Some surface damage to
the legs below the knees.
Colour Pubic triangle black.
Date of Discovery Petrie, 1921-22.
Associated Items Tbree male statues, EIN 1560; JE 46992, EA 55722; Catalogue
Nos. A46-48; three groups of servants; alabaster headrest inscribed
with names and titles.
Bibliography PM IV, 115; Petrie, Se&nent, 3, Pl. XI, f3,71; Junker, Giza VII, 41
[21].
Comments This statue was not seen by me.
192
A 50 Plate No. 30 a, b Page Ref. 92-93
Inventory No. Turin, Museo Egizio, Inv. Suppl. 13719-13842

Provenance Gebelein, tomb of Iti
Date Dynasty VI - Merenre
Statue Height 28 cm? Base H. W. L. -

Accessories Jewellery Stance S. 7

- -
Inscription -
Condition Some damage to the edges of the skirt in the front, to the hands and
to the face.
Colour Traces of black on the wig, the brows, and around the eyes.
Date of Discovery Farina, 1935.
Associated items Tomb was intact: coffin, inscribed bronze font [im3h hr nbf Ppi
Mmre], and other contents in Turin with the accession numbers
13719-13842.
Bibliography Ref. Curto in Milanges Ganwl Eddin Mok-litar, 1,17 1.
Comments It was not possible to establish which of the available numbers

applied to which piece from the tomb.
193
A 51 PlateNo. 30 c, d PageRer. 93
Inventory No. Hildesheim, Roemer- und Pelizaeus-Museum. RPM 1572
Description Seated male
Provenance Giza, D 211 Hetepi

Date Dynasty VI - Merenre / Pepi II
Statue Height 28.2 cm Base H. W. L. L. 15.5 cm
wig W. 4c Dress D. 2d Arms A. 4

Inscription Sides of base inscribed with two horizontal lines listing name and
title; very damaged.
(l. h. s.) Wb-nsw ýftpf (r. h. s.) W11b
nsw
Condition The statue was very fragile when found and was drenched in paraffin
wax.
Colour
Date of Discovery Steindorff, 1903.
Associated Items Two other male statues, RPM 1574 and Leipzig 2688 (lost in W. W.
2), Catalogue Nos. A52, A53; one female statue, unlocated. perhaps
in Cairo?
Bibliography PM 111/2,116-7; CAA Hildeshein: 4/11-18; A&yptische Allertamer
0 973), 47, fig. 23, Egoebrecht, Das Alte Reich, 92-5, No. 37;
Harpur, Decoration, 268 [173].
Comments This statue has been said to be ebony, but the dark colour of the wood
is due to the paraffin wax. A recent analysis was unable to establish
the variety of wood.
Pl
194
A 52 Plate No. 31 a Page Ref. 93
Inventory No. RPM 1574

Hildesheim,Roemer-und Pelizaeus-Museum,
Date Dynasty VI - Merenre / Pepi 11
Statue Height 39.5 cm Base H. W. L. -

wig W. I Dress D. 2d Arms A. 6a
Accessories jewellery Stance SA

- -
Inscription -
Condition Poor; legs missing below the knee; the right side of the statue is
mostly gone; arms missing but the remains of the left arm are extant.
Colour -
Date of Discovery Steindorff, 1903.
Associated items Two other male statues, RPM 1572 and Leipzig 2688 (lost in W. W.
2), Catalogue Nos. A5 1, A53; one female statue, unlocated, perhaps
in Cairo.
Bibliography PM 111/2,116-7; CAA Hildesheim, 4/19-24; Eggebrecht, Das Alte
Reich, 92; Harpur, Decoration, 268 [173].
Comments -
195
A 53 PlateNo. 31 b PageRef. 93
Inventory No. Leipzig, University Museum, 2688
Date Dynasty VI - Merenre / Pepi 11
StatueHeight - Base H. W. L. -
wig W. I Dress D. 2d Arms A. 9
Accessories - jewellery - stance S.2

Inscription -
Condition Lost during SecondWorld War. Missing left foot and base,front of
right hand damaged.Detail on wig wom smooth; painted surface
gone.
Colour -
Dateof Discovery Steindorff, 1903.
Associateditems Two other male statues,RPM 1572 and 1574, Catalogue Nos.
A51-52; one female statue,unlocated, perhapsin Cairo.
Bibliography PM 111/2,116-7;Harpur, Decoration, 268 [173].
Comments This statuecan be included in the corpus thanks to a photograph
supplied by Leipzig Museum.
196
A 54 PlateNo. 31 c, d, e PageRer. 93-94
Provenance Akhmim, perhapstomb M8 Tjeti Kai-hep
Date Dynasty VI. Merenre / Pepi Il
Statue Height 75.6 cm. Base H. W. L. 6.6 cm x 14 cm x 37 cm
wig W. 5 Dress DA Arms A. 3
Accessories Ac. 2,3,4 Jewellery - Stance S.3

Inscription Base inscribed with two vertical and two horizontal lines of carved
hieroglyphs originally filled with white.
(I v) sýd3wiybilty smr wfty (2v) ýry-ýb mdw ýzphrp ikt (3h) Amy-r
hm-ntr hry s1t3 (4h) lm3hw hr ntr U Tti'
W--
Condition Some damageto nose and cracking and twisting along the grain,
especially on the left shin. Some patching evident on the base.
Colour Black wig, nipples; tracesof red on skin, staff and base;tracesof
white in text.
Dateof Discovery Purchasedby Moss in 1898, from De Morgan?
AssociatedItems
Bibliography PM V, 240; De Morgan, Catalogue des Monuments 1,199:
Newberry, JEA 24 (1938), 182-84; Kanawati, A&ninistration, 127
[37b]; Id., El Hawawish 111,7ff, VII, 57, Pl. 17, Brovarski.
Melanges Mokhtar 1,127-153, esp. p. 136, Pl. VI; Ranke.
Personennamen1,395,5; Harpur, Decoration, 281 [667].
Comments -
LI
Cýg
-0
ý: cia
1ý
197
A 55 Plate No. 32,33 PageRef. 94-95
Inventory No. Cairo, EgyptianMuseum.JE 30796:CG 60. SR 725

Provenance Meir, tomb A 1, Nyankhpepi Kern
Date Dynasty VI early Pepi Il

-
wig W. 6 Dress D. 2b Arms A. 3a
Accessories Ac. 3,5,12 Jewellery J. I Stance S. 3

Base inscribed with two vertical and two horizontal lines of carved
Inscription
hieroglyphs:
Ov) 1MV-r hnfw sd3wtv bAty smr wrty (2v) i'm3hw hr ntr '3 hn,
-Izb
(3h) tnky-r ýzm ntr (4h) N(y)! ntt-Pp1 Kni
Condition Excellent except for some fading of the painted decoration on the
collar and the knot.
Colour Black wig, outlines of eyes,brows, pupils; white skirt, nails,

Steinkem, whites of eyes,hieroglyphs; reddish-brown skin; base
painted black over red; belt red, yellow, green and dark green.
Dateof Discovery Daressyand Barsanti. March 1894.
AssociatedItems Male statueJE 30797, Catalogue No. A56; severalstatuettes
belonging to scenesof work Cairo CG 235-254; dancing girl JE
30809.
Bibliography PM IV, 247; Blackman, Meir 1,14-15, n. 1-3; V, 1-15; IV, 8 (15);
Baer, Rank and Title, 84 [212]; Strudwick, Administration, 176,253,
279; LA IV, 14-19; Vandier, Manuel 11,308 ff; Brunner,
Felsgrdber, 49; Smith, HESPOK, 94,96-101,221 ff, Eaton-Krauss.
Representations,75 n. 368; Junker, AnzOA W4 (1956), 59 ff; Kamal,
ASAE 14,74; Staehelin,Tracht, 160, n. 5; Shoukry, SASAE 15,90 n.
1,92 n. 3,100 n. 5,104 n. 3, n. 4,105 n. 2; Cherpion. Mastabas.
230; Harpur, Decoration, 280 [652]; Kanawati, Administration,
[ 145], 52-54,63-64,138 n. 54,142 n. 19.
Comments
Lý
A0,40%kow
ýA
0
198
Inventory No. Cairo, Egyptian Museum, JE 30797; CG 236; SR I
Provenance Meir, tomb A 1, Nyankhpepi Kem
Date Dynasty VI - early Pepi II
StatueHeight 68.5 cm BaseH. W. L. 4cmx 14cmx32cm
Accessories - jewellery - Stance S.2

Inscription -
Condition Good: large crack down the left side of the front of the skirt; smaller
cracks on left leg, right side of chest, down the back of the headand
right shoulderblade, and under the right arm.
Colour Black wig, outlines of eyes, pupils, brows, base; white skirt, whites
of eyes,finger and toenails; red spots in all four comers of eyes; skin
dark brown.
Dateof Discovery Daressy and Barsanti, March 1894.
Associateditems Male statueJE 30796, Catalogue No. A55; several statuettes
belonging to scenesof work Cairo CG 235-254; dancing girl JE
30809.
Bibliography PM IV, 247; Blackman, Meir 1,14-15, n. 1-3; V 1-15; Baer, Rank
and Title, 84 [212]; Strudwick, Administration, 176,253,279; LA
IV, 14-19; Vandier, Manuel 11,308 ff, Brunner, Felsgrdber, 49;
Smith, HESPOK, 94,96-101,221 ff; Eaton-Krauss,
Representations,75 n. 368; Junker, AnzOA W4 (1956), 59 ff;
Shoukry, SASAE 15,60 n. 4,92 n. 4,100 n. 5,104 n. 2, n. 5;
Cherpion, Mastabas, 230; Harpur, Decoration, 280 [652]; Kanawati,
Administration, [ 145], 52-54,63-64,138 n. 54,142 n. 19.
Comments -
199
A 57 PlateNo. 35 PageRef. 95
Inventory No. Cairo, Egyptian Museum, JE 5963 1; SR 1449
Provenance Saqqara,M XIII, tomb of Meryre-Ima Pepi-Ima
Date Dynasty VI - first half of Pepi 11
Wig W. 3 Dress D. 3a Arms A. 8

Inscription
Condition Crackeddown the right sideof the faceanddown the centreof the
chest.Basemissing.
Colour Tracesof red paintall over;black coiffure.
Date of Discovery Mquier, 1932-3.
Associated Items
Bibliography PM 111/2,683;Mquier, Le Monument111,50-56;Id., ASAE33
(1933), 144-5;Strudwick,Administration,95 [611,103,121,141,
302,309,315; Baer,Rankand Title, 79-80;Kees,NGWG 4,44-45;
Harpur,Decoration,252; Kanawati,Administration,[ 119], 1,10,14,
23,133 n. 28.
Comments
200
Provenance Saqqara,tomb 75 [D 10] Djadjaemankh
Date Dynasty VI - early to mid Pepi 11

Inscription Base inscribed with two vertical lines of hieroglyphs readingr-l
(1) smr w1tyýry-ss"u3m pr dw3t (2) un3hw hr ntr 113 Q30-m-'nh
WW
Condition Nose damaged,left arm damaged.Ancient patching to wood visible
becausethe thick plaster layer is mostly gone. Base under left foot in
poor condition.
Colour Black wig, base, white skirt, fingernails-,red sk-in.
Dateof Discovery Mariette.
Associateditems Granite scribe statueCG 162.
Bibliography PM 111/2,483;Ranke, Personennainen 1,380,2; 405,20 [Gardiner
Sign List D 1]; Mariette, Mastabas, 193-5; Strudwick,
Administration, 156-7 [155], 301,309,320,325; Baer, Rank and
Title, 151[588]; Staehelin,Tracht, 160,n. 5; Shoukry,SASAE15,90
n. 1; 92 n. 3; 100n. 6; 104n. 3, n. 4, n. 10; 105n. 1, n. 3; Cherpion,
Mastabas,229; Harpur,Decoration,277 [540] ; Kanawati,
Administration,[364 (asTepemankh)],10,14,132 n. 14.
Comments -
ýo
ir
C3
201
Provenance SaqqaraD 6, Ishtji T jetji
Date Dynasty VI - Pepi 11
wig W. 4a Dress D. 6 Arms A. 3
Accessories Ac. 3,9,14 Jewellery Stance S. 3

Inscription Two or more horizontal lines on the base to the right of the left foot.
(1) [ 1 (2) ýP [ýiwtj smr wl[ýyl (3) IKy [ I
... ...
Condition Cracking on face; large crack on left side of head and down centre of
chest. Much of the original paint and plaster is gone.
Colour Black wig, brows, outlines of eyes, beard, nipples; white whites of
eyes, finger and toenails, skirt; red skin. Base black with traces of
white in the text.
Date of Discovery Lauer, 1948.
Associated items Four other male statues JE 88576-78,8858 1, Catalogue Nos.
A60-63; female offering bearer JE 88579.
Bibliography PM 111/2,609- 10; Drioton & Lauer, ASAE 55 (1958), 207-27,25 1;
Strudwick, Administration, 61 n. 3; Harpur, Decoration, 273 [367].
Comments -
r/////,
Sj
202
InventoryNo. Cairo, Egyptian Museum. JE 88576: SR 555
Provenance SaqqaraD 6, Ishtji Tjetji
Accessories Ac. 3,9 Jewellery Stance S. 3
Inscription Base inscribed with two horizontal lines beside left foot:
'' (2) ýP ýzwtsmr-w1ty Un
(1) ýd3wty-bjjjy
Condition Some cracking of the paint but otherwise in excellent condition. Left
foot is slightly raised from the base.
Colour Black wig, brows, outlines of eyes; white skirt, finger and toenails,
inscription; red skin; base is black over red.
Associated items Four other male statues JE 88575; 88577-8; 8858 1, Catalogue Nos.
A59, A61-63-, female offering bearer JE 88579.
Bibliography PM 111/2,609- 10; Drioton & Lauer, ASAE 55 (1958), 207-27,25 1;
Strudwick, Administration, 61 n. 3; Harpur. Decoration, 273 [367].
Comments
PC=
203
A 61 Plate No. 39 a, b PageRef. 96-97



Inscription
Condition Bad crackson right arm, front andbackof skirt. Left handdamaged.
Missing baseandknot.
Colour Black wig, browsandoutlinesto eyes,nipples;whitesof eyeswhite;
tracesof red all over skin and skirt.
Date of Discovery Lauer,1948.
Associated Items Four othermalestatuesJE 88575-7;88581, CatalogueNos. A59-60,
A62-3; femaleoffering bearerJE 88579.
Bibliography PM 111/2,609- 10; Drioton & Lauer,ASAE 55 (1958),207-27,251;
Strudwick,Administration,61 n. 3; Harpur,Decoration,273 [367].
Comments
204
A 62 PlateNo. 39 C9d PageRef. 96-97
wig W. 3 Dress D. 3a Arms A. I
Accessories Ac. I Jewellery - Stance S.3

Inscription -
Condition Plaster surface and wood both dried out and cracking all over. Base.
knot and front of left foot missing. Right side of skirt edge is broken.
Colour Black wig, brows, outlines of eyes; yellow-white skirt; red skin.
Dateof Discovery Lauer, 1948.
Associateditems Four other male statuesJE 88575-76; 88578; 88581, CatalogueNos.
A59-61, A63; female offering bearer JE 88579.
Bibliography PM 111/2,609-10;Drioton & Lauer, ASAE 55 (1958), 207-27,251;
Perkins, AJA 53 (1949) 4 1, Pl. V11;Lauer, Saqqara, P1.22;
Comments -
205
A 63 Plate No. 40 Page Rer. 96-97
Provenance Saqqam D 6, Ishtji Tjetji
Date Dynasty VI Pepi 11

-
Accessories jewellery Stance S.7

Inscription
Condition Missing baseand what was originally held in the left hand. Some
chipping of the paint on the arms.
Colour Black wig, brows and outlines of eyes. Insides of eyes painted red
with white comers. Skin is brown-red. Skirt is white.
Associated Items Four other male statuesJE 88575-78, Catalogue Nos. A59-62;
female offering bearer JE 88579.
Bibliography PM 111/2,609-10; Drioton & Lauer, ASAE 55 (1958), 207-27,25 1;
Perkins, AJA L111(1949) 4 1, Pl. VII; Lauer, Saqqar(i, P1.22;
Comments
206
A 64 PlateNo. 41 a PageRef. 97
inventory No. Neuchatel, Mus6e d'Ethnographie, Eg. 400
Provenance Saqqara,N V111,tomb of Raherka lpi
wig W. 3 Dress D. 3a Arms A. 7a

Inscription -
Condition All of the right hand side of the statue is missing. Head damaged;
arms and base missing.
Colour -
Dateof Discovery Mquier, 1927-8.
Associateditems Coffin Cairo JE 52012; stone statueNeuch5tel Eg. 399.
Bibliography PM 111/2,679;Jequier, Tombeaux, 125, Pl. X111[lower]; Kanawati,
Administration, [207], 22.
Comments -
207
A 65 Plate No. 41 c, d Page Ref. 97
Provenance Saqqara, M 11
Statue Height 16.5 cm BaseIf. W. L. -

Wig W. 3 Dress D. 3a Arms A. 7b
Inscription
Condition Left handdamaged;left toesmissing;basemissing;only tracesof the
originalpaintlayerleft.
Colour Black wig, outlinesof eyes;tracesof white on the belt andother
carvedlines.
Date of Discovery Mquier, 1928.
Associated Items
Bibliography PM 111/2,680; Mquier, Toinbeaux, 9, P]. I [upper].
Comments The inventorynumberis wrongly given in JequierasJE 49110.
208
A 66 PlateNo. 42 a, b PageRef. 97-98
Provenance Saqqara,M XI, tomb of Mehi
Inscription
Condition Left eye and hand damaged;front of left foot missing; basemissing.
Colour Black coiffure; tracesof white from undercoat(?) all over statue.
Dateof Discovery Mquier, 1929.
items Male statueJE 52564,CatalogueNo. A67; sarcophagus
Associated and
mummy mask,JE 52538; bone box JE 52571.
Bibliography PM 111/2,682;Jequier,Tombeaux,67-76,Pl. VIII [middle upper].
Comments
209
A 67 Plate No. 42 c, d Page Ref. 97-98

Description Standing nude male
Provenance Saqqara, M XI, tomb of Mehi
Wig W. 4c Dress DA A rms A. 9

Inscription
Condition Missing base, some damage to toes; missing most of the paint layer.
Colour Black on wig and outlines of eyes.
Date of Discovery Jequier, 1929.
Associated Items Male statueJE 52565, Catalogue No. A66; sarcophagusand
mummy mask, JE 52538; bone box JE 52571
Bibliography PM 111/2,682;Mquier, Tombeaux, 67-76, Pl. VIII [left and right].
Comments
210
A 68 PlateNo. 43 a, b PageRef. 98
Description Standing nude male
Provenance Saqqara,0 1, tomb of Nykapepi Neni
Date Dynasty VI - Pepi Il
wig W. 3 Dress DA Arms A. 9a

Inscription -
Condition Some damageto right thigh and buttock where the right arm would
touch, if it was not broken. Right ear and nose broken.
Colour Black wig, outlines of eyes, pupils, brows; white toenails, whites of
eyes.
Associateditems Lintel, Leipzig Inv. 359 (lost); texts, Sethe, Urkunden 1,260
[18(158)].
Bibliography PM 111/2,686;Mquier, ASAE 35 (1935), 142-3, fig. 9; Maspero,
Mim. Miss. 1,195-9, Pls. 111,VI, VII; Piehl, PSBA XIII (189 1),
122-3; Kanawati, Administration, [ 197], 22.
Comments This tomb was copied by Maspero before Jequier excavatedit.
211
Inventory No. Neuchatel, Musee d'Ethnographie, Eg. 403
Provenance Saqqara,N V, tomb of Shenay
Date Dynasty VI - mid Pepi 11
wig W. 5 Dress D. 2e Arms A. 9
Accessories - jewellery - Stance SA

Inscription -
Condition Missing left leg and right foot; base missing.
Colour -
Dateof Discovery Mquier, 1927-8.
AssociatedItems -
Bibliography PM 111/2,678;Mquier, Tombeaux, 107-9, Pl. XIII [lower left];
Strudwick, Administration, 141 [133]; Harpur, Decoration, 252.
Comments -
212
A 70 Plate No. 46 a, b, c Page Ref. 98-100
Inventory No. Cairo, Egyptian Museum, CG 505. SR 1 19
Provenance Dahshur. tomb 24
Date Dynasty V1 Pepi 11 to end of reign

- - middle
Statue Height 3 1.5 cin Base H. W. L. cin x7 cin x 11.8 cin
wig W. 5 Dress D. 2e A rins A. 6

Inscription White painted inscrip(ion within cartouche on base. no longer legible
but. recorded bv Borchardt:
Condition Fro nt part of base missing. soine damage to left toes and left ann.
Colour Traces of red all over skin: black wig. brows. outlines of eyes.
nipples. base: white inscription.
Date of Discovery De Morgan. 1894-5.
Associated Items Six inale statues. Cairo CG 503.506,5 13.5 14.5 16.5 17. Catalogue
Nos. A71-76: several other unlocated ones. cf. De Mor-an's list.
Bibliography PM 111/ý.892-3: De Morgan. Fouilles ýi D(dishur 11. I[ 17]. Pl. IV
Comments Due to a inistaken reading of the texts. this nian has been called
Sankhwati in the publications.
7,
H:'-
ills
Inscription as recorded by Borchardt
213
A 71 PlateNo. 43 c, d PageRer. 98-100
Provenance Dahshur, tomb 24
Date Dynasty VI - Pepi 11- middle to end of reign
StatueHeight 26 cm BaseH. W. L. 2.2 cm x 5.9 cm x 13.2 cm
wig W. 5 Dress D. 2f Arms A. 6
Accessories - jewellery - stance S.3

Inscription -
Condition Some cracking down the right side of the statueand considerable
damageto the left foot.
Colour Black wig, brows, outlines of eyes, base;white in eyes,on thumb
and toenails; red under the black on the base.
Dateof Discovery De Morgan, 1894-5.
Associateditems Six male statues,Cairo CG 503,505,506,513,516,517, Catalogue
Nos. A70, A72-76; several other unlocated ones, cf. De Morgan's
list.
Bibliography PM 111/2,892-3;De Morgan, Fouilles ei Dcihshur 11,21 [19], Pl. IV.
Comments Due to a mistaken reading of the texts, this man has been called
214
StatueHeight 24.8 cm BaseH. W. L. 2 cm x 5.3 cm x 10.2 cm
wig W. 5 Dress D. 2e Arms A. 6a

Inscription -
Condition Missing left arm, legs broken through from behind knees to mid-calf.
Colour Traces of red all over skin; black wig, brows, outlines of eyes,
nipples; whites of eyes white.
AssociatedItems Six male statues,Cairo CG 503,505,506,513,514,517, Catalogue
Nos. A70-7 1, A73-76; several other unlocated ones, cf. De Morgan's
list.
Bibliography PM 111/2,892-3;De Morgan, Fouilles a Dahshur 11,21 [18], Pl. IV.
215
StatueHeight 31.2 cm BaseH. W. L. 12.8 cm x9 cm x 11.2 cm
wig W. I Dress D. 6 Arms AA

Inscription -
Condition Termite damageto the right side of the statue;crackedall down the
back.
Colour Black wig, brows, outlines of eyes, base;white skirt and whites of
eyes; dark red skin.
AssociatedItems Six male statues,Cairo CG 503,505,506,514,516,517, Catalogue
Nos. A70-72, A74-76; several other unlocated ones, cf. De Morgan's
list.
Bibliography PM 111/2,892-3;De Morgan, Fouilles a Dahshur 11,21 [11], Pl. IV.
Cý
216
StatueHeight 27 cm BaseIt. W. L. 11.5 cm x7 cm x 12 cm
wig W. 4c Dress D. 2b Arms A. 4b
Accessories Ac. 14 jewellery Stance S.5

Inscription -
Condition Damagedon right side of face; missing left arm, right forearm, knees
decayed.Cracks in seat.
Colour Black wig, brows, outlines of eyes, seat;white whites of eyes,
toenails, skirt; dark brown skin.
Nos. A70-73, A75-76; several other unlocated ones, cf. De Morgan's
list.
Bibliography PM 111/2,892-3;De Morgan, Fouilles ii Dahshur 11,20 [6), fig. 48.
217
StatueHeight 33 cm BaseH. W. L. 5 cm x 7.2 cm x 17.8 cm
wig W. 4c Dress D. 2b Arms A. 9
Accessories jewenery 3tance a. I
Inscription
Condition Some damageto the toes, basecracked.
Colour Black wig, brows, outlines of eyes, pupils; white skirt, whites of
eyes; red skin.
Nos. A70-74, A76; several other unlocated ones, cf. De Morgan's
list.
Bibliography PM 111/2,892-3;De Morgan, Fouilles a Dahshur 11,20 [7,8], fig.
49.
Comments Due to a rnistaken reading of the texts, this man has been called
I Sankhwati in the publications.
218
A 76 Plate No. 47 a, b Page Ref. 98-100
Date Dynasty VI Pepi 11 middle to end of reign

- -
Statue Height 23 cm Base 11. W. L. 2 cm x 6.1 cm x 13 cm
Accessories - Jewellery Stance SA

-
Inscription -
Condition Long crack down the left side of the skirt reaching the left heel. Back
of right leg missing.
Colour Black coiffure, brows, outlines of eyes, nipples, base; white in eyes;
red skin, base red under black.
Date of Discovery De Morgan, 1894-5.
Associated Items Six male statues, Cairo CG 503,505,513,514,516,517, Catalogue
Nos. A70-75; several other unlocated ones, cf. De Morgan's list.
Bibliography PM 111/2,892-3; De Morgan, Fouilles
a Dahshur 11,21 [20], Pl. IV;
Boreux, Revue de Part ancien et inodeni LXXI, 212, cf. fig. 3;
Shoukry, SASAE 15,60 n. 4.
219
A 77 Plate No. 48 PageRer. 100-101

Provenance Saqqara. tomb S. 10694, Rakhuf
Date Dynasty VI - end Pepi 11
Statue Height 84 cm Base H. W. L. W. 16.5 cm x L. 38 cm

wig WA Dress D. 2g Arms A. 3
Accessories Ac. 3,5,6 jewellery J. 2(? ), 3 Stance S. 3
Inscription Base inscribed with three vertical lines of hieroglyphs starting beside
left foot:
(1) un3hw ýr tqtr f3 ýr7npw (2) i'rn3Liw tir Wstr nb t3 dsr (3) Liq-tp
nswt any-r ýtwt-wrt Rfltw. f
Condition Some flaking of the tlýck plaster layer. Toes damaged.
Colour Black wig, oudines of eyes, pupils, brows, moustache, nipples,
amulet; white in whites of eyes. skirt; red skin; decoration on skirt
blue, green, red.
Date of Discovery Selim Hassan, 1937-8.
Associated items Female offering bearer with calf and chest. cf. Breasted, Egyptian
Servant Statues, 61[6], ILN June 4,193 8, fig 5, p. 100 1; present
location unknown.
Bibliography PM H1/2,63 3; Strudwick, Administration, 116 [94], 177.179:
Hassan, ASAE 38 (1938), 503-52 1; Baer, Rank and Title, 53 [14];
Harpur, Decoration, 275 [455].
Comments -
clý0 <P
ma,
110
L-rx
0
Z7
220
A 78 PlateNo. 46 d, e PageRef. 101
inventory No. Oxford, Ashmolean Museum, 1914.39
Provenance Meir, tomb D 2, Pepiankh Heryib
Accessories jewellery - Stance

Inscription
Condition Only the very battered head is extant.
Colour Traces of red on neck and face.
Dateof Discovery Ahmed Bey Kama], 15 May 1913, for Sayed Bey Khashaba.
AssociatedItems -
Bibliography PM IV, 254-5; Blackman, Meir 1,6,10,16; IV; Ashinolean Report
1914,5; Baer, Rank and Title, 70 [133]; Strudwick, Administration,
201,254,303,311,319; Smith, HESPOK, 22 1; Sethe, Urk-unden1,
22 1; Harpur, Decoration, 280 [650]; Cherpion, Mastabas, 23 1;
Kanawati, Administration, [88], 45,52-54,64,71,132 n. 1,137 n.
45,139 n. 98,142, n. 19.
Comments Presentedto the Museum by A. M. Blackman in 1914.
221
A 79 Plate No. 49 Page Rer. 101
Inventory No. Oxford. Ashmolean Museum. 1921.1418

Provenance Sedment, Tomb 604 Nebemhenennesu
Date Dynasty VI end Pepi II

-
StatueHeight 37.3 cm BaseH. W. L. 3.5 cm x 9.2 cm x 17.2 cm


Inscription 1 vertical line of crude white painted hieroglyphs reading right to left.
9pssnsw wq-r-hzw NbJ-in-,Vnn-nnv
Condition Some cracking of paint on skirt but otherwise in very good condition.
The lines of the joins between the separatepiecesof wood are now
visible through the plaster.
Colour Black wig, brows, pupils; white skirt. whites of eyes; brown skin:
baseblack/greenwith the inscription painted on in white.
Dateof Discovery Petrie, 1921.
Associateditems Male statue Oxford 1921.1419,CatalogueNo. A80; coffin; headrest,
Oxford; breadmakerand cook.
Bibliography Petrie and Brunton, Se&nent 1,4; PM IV, 116; Smith, HESPOK, 94
ff-, Fischer, JAOS 81 (1961), 423-425; Mokhtar, Anasya, 53,54;
Seidlmayer, Grdberfelder, 252.
Comments Petrie, Porter-Moss and Seidlmayer read the name as Nbemsuhet.
ks
222
A 80 Plate No. 50 PageRef. 101
Inventory No. Oxford, Ashmolean Museum. 1921.1419
Provenance Sedment, Tomb 604 Nebemhenennesu
Statue Height 36 cm Base H. W. L. 3.7 cm x 9.4 cm x 20.1 cm
Accessories jewellery - Stance S. 3

-
Inscription One vertical line of white-painted hieroglyphs - missing in places as
the paint surface of the base has [11 ýpss JnY-rhziv
eroded. nsiv It
NbJ'_m-Hnn-nsw
Condition Joins revealed because plaster surface is patchy in places. Most of the
plaster missing on base. Feet seem to have lost their colour. Tilting to
left probably not intentional. Cracks and fissures caused by the plaster
and not the wood.
Colour Wig black, skin red/brown, eyes black/white, damage to left eye.
Thumbnails white, skirt white, base blacky-green. white inscription.
Left nipple black, right faint traces only.
Date of Discovery Petrie, 192 1.
Associated items Male statue Oxford 1921.1418, Catalogue No. A79: coff in: headrest,
Oxford; breadmaker and cook.
Bibliography Petrie and Brunton, Sedment 1,4; PM IV, 116: Smith, HESPOK, 94
ff; Fischer, JAOS 81 (1961), 423-425; Mokhtar, flineinw, 53,54:
Seidlmayer, Graberfelder, 25 2.
Comments Petrie, Porter-Moss and Seidlmayer read the name as Nbemsuhet.
223
A 81 PlateNo. 47 c PageRef. 101-102
Provenance Saqqara,N IV, tomb of Biu and Pepi burial chamber of Biu
,
Date Dynasty VI - Pepi IT or later

Inscription -
Condition Missing legs below mid-calf, missing base.
Colour -
Dateof Discovery Jequier, 1927-8.
AssociatedItems Neuch5tel Eg. 402, statuefrom burial chamber of Pepi, Catalogue
No. A82.
Bibliography Mquier, Tombeaux, 104, Pl. XIII [upper right]; PM 111/2,677;
Strudwick, Administration, 121 n. 5; Harpur, Decoration, 273 [3861.
Comments -
224
Provenance Saqqara,N IV, tomb of Biu and Pepi burial chamber of Pepi
,
Date Dynasty VI - Pepi Il or later
Accessories Ac. 2 (?) jewellery - Stance SAa

Inscription -
Condition Missing arms, legs and base.
Colour -
Dateof Discovery Jequier, 1927-8.
Associateditems Neuchatel Eg. 401, statuefrom burial chamber of Biu, CatalogueNo.
A8 1; headrestCairo JE 52545.
Bibliography Mquier, Toynbeaux,105, Pl. XIII [upper left]; PM 111/2,677;Harpur,
Decoration, 273 [387].
Comments -
225
Provenance Saqqara,tomb 6001, Tjeteti
Date Dynasty V1 - last years of Pepi H at the earliest
StatueHeight - BaseH. W. L.
Accessories - Jewellery Stance S. 1
Inscription -
Condition -
Colour -
Associateditems False door, lintel, offering table, stone statueMFA 24.605; 18 male
statues:MFA 24.607-8, MMA 26.2.8-9, JE 93161-3,49371,64905,
NeuchAtel Eg. 328-9, MM 11411-3, three others and one female
statueunlocated, CatalogueNos. A84-102; six servant statues.
Bibliography Gunn, MSS XIV. 42 [2], left; Peterson,MedelhavsinuseetBulletin 20
(1985), 3-24.
Comments -
26
A 84 PlateNo. 51 b PageRer. 102-107
inventory No. Unknown
Date Dynasty VI - last years of Pepi 11at the earliest
StatueHeight - Base H. W. L. -
wig W. 3 Dress D. 3a Arms A. 7b

Inscription -
Condition The photograph shows very blurred features,as if the statuewas
unfinished.
Colour -
NeuchAtel Eg. 328-9, MM 11411-3, three others and one female
unlocated, CatalogueNos. A83, A85-102; six servant statues.
Bibliography Gunn MS S XIV. 42 [2], middle; Peter-son,MedelhavsmuseetBulletin
20 (1985), 3-24.
Comments -
227
A 85 PlateNo. 52 PageRet. 102-107
Provenance Saqqara.tomb 6001. Tjeteti
wig W. 3 Dress D. 3a Arms A. 8a
Inscription One vertical line of carved hieroglyphs leading from in front of the
right foot towards the front of the base.
iýýy-r Inwly TM
Condition Badly wom and cracked in the length. Only tracesof the original
painted layer remain; missing left arm. Base badly warped.
Colour Black wig, brows, outlines of eyes, pupils; white whites of eyes,
toenails; red skin. Base is black over a red layer over a white layer.
Neuchatel Eg. 328-9, MM 11411-3, four others and one female
unlocated, Catalogue Nog. A83-4, A86-102; six servant statues.
Bibliography PM 111/2,566;Peterson,MedelhavsinuseetBulletin (1985), 3-224;
4.0
Strudwick,Administration,160[159], 253,260; Ranke.
Personennamen1,395,16; 1/2,253,30; Gunn, MSS XIV, 41 [9],
41A; Smith, HESPOK, 88; Harpur, Decoration, 277 [55 1
Comments -
zi il
C=
228
A 86 PlateNo. 51 d, c PageRef. 102-107
Inventory No. Cairo, Egyptian Museum, JE 4937 1; SR 14709
Statue Height 45 cm Base11. W. L. -
Wig W. 3a Dress D. 3a Arms A. 7b

Inscription
Condition Appearsto be goodfrom the photograph.
Colour
Date of Discovery Accessionedin 1925, but very probably Firth and Gunn 1921-2
Associated Items False door, lintel, offering table, stone statueMFA 24.605; 18 male
statues: MFA 24.606-8, MMA 26.2.8-9, JE 93161-3,64905,
NeuchRtelEg. 328-9, MM 11411-3, four others and one female
unlocated, Catalogue Nos. A83-85, A87-102; six servant statues.
Bibliography PM 111/2,566;Wolf, Kunst, 189, fig. 158 (in error); Peterson,
MedelhavsinuseetBulletin 20 (1985), 3-24, esp. p. 10; Smith,
HESPOK, 88; Harpur, Decoration, 277 [55 1]; Strudwick,
Administration, 160 [159], 253,260.
Comments On loan to Port Tewfik Suez Museum. 'rhe attribution to Theteti is
entirely founded on Drioton's knowledge of unpublished evidence. '
MedelhavsmuseetBulletin 20,10.
229
A 87 Plate No. 51 c, 53 Page Rer. 102-107
Inventory No. Cairo,EgyptianMuseum,JE 64905; SR 222

Provenance Saqqara,tomb6001,Tjeteti - Shemi
Date DynastyVI - last yearsof Pepi H at the earliest
Statue Height 27.5 cm BaseH. W. L. 2 cm x 6.2 cm x 14.5 cm
Wig W. 3 Dress D. 3a Arms A. 7c
Accessories Jewellery stance S.3

Inscription Base inscribed with three horizontal lines of carved and painted text.
in poor condition:
(1) IM3hw hr Pth- (2) -Sk-rshd W Ut (?) (3) ýttp gint"
Condition Surfacesare all roughened:Cracked on left side of face and down left
shoulderblade. Distinctive knot hole visible in front of skirt. Missing
skirt knot.
Colour Tracesof black on head, red on body. Base originally red covered by
black.
Date of Discovery Firth, 1921-22
Associated Items False door, lintel, offering table, stone statue MFA 24.605; 18 male
statues: MFA 24.606-8, MMA 26.2.8-9, JE 93161-3,4937 1,
Bibliography PM 111/2,566;Peterson,MedelhavsmuseetBulletin 20 (1985), 3-24;
Strudwick, Administration, 160 [159], 253,260, Ranke,
Personennamen1,395,16; 1/2,253,30; Gunn MSS XIV, 42[2];
Smith, HESPOK, 88; Harpur, Decoration, 277 [55 1].
Comments PM 111/2,571, offering-table of Shemi, Gunn, MSS XIV. 39,3,
belongs to the sameman (see fig. below). )t
r:_ ,
0
PO ol
-7,77
r-3
Offering-tableof Shemi.drawing by Gunn
230

Date Dynasty VI - last years of Pepi Il at the earliest
Accessories Ac. 8 jewellery - Stance S. 3

Inscription One vertical line of carved hieroglyphs leading from in front of right
foot to front edgeof base:
Iinq-r hry Larnmd3t Tttz'
Condition Most of the oringinal painted plaster covering has gone. Some
4-1
cracking on left leg and base.
Colour Black wig, base;wWte on toenails. skirt and Steink-ernin left hand.
Associateditems False door, lintel, offering table, stone statue MFA 24.605; 18 male
statues:MFA 24.606-7, MMA 26.2.8-9. JE 93161-3,49371.64905.
NeuchAtelEg. 328-9, MM 11411-3, four others and one female
unlocated, Catalogue Nos. A83-87, A89-102. six servant statues.
Strudwick,Administration,160[159], 253,260; Ranke,
Personennamen 1,395,16; 1/2,253,30; Age of the Pharaohs,No.
26 + illus.; Simpson.77teFaceof Egypt, 17,68, No. 3; Harpur,
Decoration,277 [55 1
Comments -
231
A 89 PlateNo. 54 c, d, e PageRef. 102-107
Inventory No. New York, MetropolitanMuseumof Art. MMA 26.2.9
Provenance Saqqara, tomb 6001, Tjeteti
Date Dynasty VI - last years of Pepi 11 at the earliest

Accessories Ac. 8 Jewellery Stance S. 3

One vertical line of carved hieroglyphs leading from just in front of
Inscription
the right foot towards the front edge of the base:
J% hry ýtrn md3t Tit!
inki--r
Condition Most of the original painted plaster layer is gone. Large knothole
visible in centre of skirt. Base slightly chipped around the edge.
Colour Faint traces of black on base and wig.
Associated Items False door, lintel, offering table, stone statue MFA 24.605; 18 male
statues: MFA 24.606-8, MMA 26.2.8, JE 93161-3,49371,64905,
Bibliography PM HI/2,566; Peterson, Medellumsmuseet Bulletin 20 (1985), 3-24;
Strudwick, Administration, 160 [159], 253,260: Ranke,
Personennamen 1,395,16; 1/2,253,30; Hayes, Scepter 1.112:
Smith, HESPOK. 88; Harpur, Decoration, 277 [55 1
Comments -
4-
4m
232
Inventory No. Cairo, Egyptian Museum, JE 9316 1, SR 18267
Date Dynasty VI - last years of Pepi Il at the earliest
wig W. lb Dress D. 3a Arms A. 8a
Accessories Ac. 8 Jewellery Stance S.3

foot towards the front edge of the base:
inq-r 3tu fut
Condition Very wom surface- only tracesof original paintandplasterlayer

extant.Right sideof headbadly crackedandrestored.Somecracking
down front of skirt. Basewarped.
Colour Tracesof shinyred paintall over, includingskirt. Black wig and
traceson base.
Associateditems Falsedoor,lintel, offering table,stonestatueMFA 24.605; 18male
statues:MFA 24.606-8, MMA 26.2.8-9,JE 93162-3,49371.64905.
NeuchdtelEg. 328-9,MM 11411-3,four othersandone female
unlocated,CatalogueNos. A83-89, A91-102;six servantstatues.
Bibliography PM 111/2.566;Peterson,Medelhavsinuseet Bulletin A0(1985),3-24;
Personennamen 1,395,16; L/2,253,30; Smith, HESPOK, 88;
Harpur,Decor(ition,277 [55 1
Comments -
4ýý
233
Inventory No. Cairo, Egyptian Museum, JE 93163, SR 18269

Date Dynasty V1- last years of Pepi 11at the earliest
StatueHeight 39 cm BaseH. W. L. 3.5 cm x 9.5 cm x 24 cm
wig W. lb Dress D. 3a Arms A. 8a

One vertical line of carved Weroglyphs leading from in front of right
Inscription
30
mky-r shrt (?) Tht
Condition Face and front of statuecracked and restored.
Colour Black wig, base;red traceson legs.
unlocated,CatalogueNos. A83-90, A92-102; six servant statues.
Personennamen 1,395,16; 1/2,253,30; Smith, HESPOK, 88:
Harpur,Decoration.277 [551].
Comments The title is attestedin theMK andNK but this appearsto be its
earliestoccurrence. Seediscussionin Appendix 1.
234
A 9" Plate No. 57 a. b Page Rer. 102-107
InventoryNo. New York, MetropolitanMuseumof Art. MMA 26.2.8

Provenance Saqqara,tomb 6001,Tjeted
DynastyVI - last yearsof Pepi11at the earliest
Date
wig W.5 Dress D.2a Arms A. 3
inscription One vertical line of carved hieroglyphs leading from in front of right
Smr wIty Ttti"
Condition Slight cracking on chest, base worn, most of the original paint and
plaster covering missing. Some fingers on both hands missing.
Colour Black wig.
Associated items False door, lintel, offering table, stone statue MFA 24.605; 18 male
statues: MFA 24.606-8, MMA 26.2.9, JE 93161-3,49371,64905,
unlocated, Catalogue Nos. A83-91, A93-102, six servant statues
Bibliography PM HI/2,566; Peterson, Medelhavsmuseet Bulletind. 10 (1985), 3-2.4;
Strudwick,Administration,160[159], 253,260: Ranke.
Personennamen 1,395,16; 1/2,253,30; Hayes,Scepter1,112,
Smith, HESPOK, 88; Harpur,Decoration,277 [55 1].
Comments -
ý9
=67
1 da
235
A 93 Plate No. 57 C, d PageRef. 102-107
Inventory No. Neuch5tel.Mus6e d'Ethnographie,Eg".328

Date Dynasty VI last years of Pepi Il at the earliest

-
Statue Height 5.2.cm Base H. W. L. -
Accessories Ac. I Jewellery Stance S. 3

-
inscription One vertical line of carved hieroglyphs leading from in front of right
itný -rprtftti
Condition Good.
Colour -
statues: MFA 24.606-8, MMA 26.2.8-9, JE 93161-3,49371,64905,
NeuchAtel Eg. 329, MM 11411-3, four others and one female
Bibliography PM 111/2,566; Peterson, Medelhavsmuseet Bulletin 20 (1985), 3-24:
- Strudwick, Administration, 160 [159], 253,260; Ranke,
PersonennainenL 395,16; 1/2.253,30: Smith, HESPOK. 88;
Harpur, Decoration, 277 [55 1
Comments -
,%X--
C=
926
236
Date Dynasty VI - last years of Pepi R at the earliest
Statue Height 52 cm Base H. W. L. 4.5 cm x 12.2 cm x 28.2 cm
Accessories Ac. I Jewellery Stance SA

rý --
foot towards the front edoe of the base:
tmy-rpr hrv-wdb
Condition Cracked down right shoulder to just below buttocks, crack on right
side of face.
Colour Black traces on base.
statues: MFA 24.606,24.608, MMA 26.2.8-9, JE 93161-3,4937 1,
64905, Neuchatel Eg. 328-9, MM 11411-3: four others and a female
unlocated, Catalogue Nos. A83-93, A95-102: six servant statues.
Bibliography PM 111/2,566; Peterson, Medelhavsinuseet Bulletin 20 (1985), 3-A
'14;
Strudwick,Administration,160[159], 253,260; Ranke.
Personennamen 1,395,16; 1/2,253,30; Morgan.TheAncient
Mediterranean.TheBrock-tonArt Center(Brockton,Mass. 1975),
12-13,No. 6, fig. 1; Harpur,Decorrition.277 [55 1
Comments -
46ý-
9 E-3
C=3
237
Inventory No. Cairo, EggyptianMuseum. JE 931661.;

SR 18268

s§ "nswt V-ýr Tit!
Condition Crack in centre of face restored-,small cracks in torso. Base worn.
Colour Traces of black on base.
AssociatedItems False door, lintel, offering table, stone statueMFA 24.605; 18 male
statues:MFA 24.606-8, MMA 26.2.8-9, JE 93161,93163,4937 1,
64905, Neuchatel Eg. 328-9, MM 11411-3, four others and a female
unlocated, CatalogueNos. A83-94, A96-102; six servant statues.
Bibliography PM 111/2,566;Peterson,MedelhavsmuseetBulletin 20 (1985), 3-24:
Strudwick, Administration, 160 [159], 210-213,253,260; Ranke.
Personennamen1,395,16; 1/2,253,30; Gunn, MSS XIV, 43['21.
middle]; Smith, HESPOK, 88; Harpur, Decoration, 277 [55 1
Comments -
r, -
eb
Ic
(1
238
A 96 PlateNo. 51 f PageRer. 102-107
Provenance Saqqara,tomb 6001,Tjeteti
StatueHeight - BaseH. W. L. -
Inscription -
Condition -
Colour -
statues:MFA 24.606-8, MMA 26.2.8-9, JE 93161,93163,49371,
64905, Neuchatel Eg. 328-9, MM 11411-3, three others and a female
Bibliography Gunn MSS XIV. 43 [2]; Peterson, MedellumstnuseetBulletin 20
(1985), 3-24.
Comments -
239
Inventory No. Stockholm.Medelhavsmuseet,

MM 11412
Statue Height 41.9 Base H. W. L. 3 cm x 7.8 cm x 18.5 cm
wig W. I Dress D. 2h Arms A. I
Accessories Ac. I Jewellery Stance S. 3

-
One vertical line of carved hieroglyphs leading from in front of right
Inscription M
I
[31it]Tttf
unýy-r
Condition Large fissure on the left side of the head and several on the body,
surface is in poor condition.
Colour -
statues:MFA 24.606-8,MMA 26.2.8-9,JE 93161-3,49371,64905,
NeuchAtel Eg. 328-9, MM 1141,11413, four others and one female
Bibliography PM 111/2,566-7; Gunn, MSS XIV, 43 [ 1, left]; Medelhavsmuseet,
En introduk-tion, 30-3 1; Peterson, Archeologia 198 (1985), 25; Id.,
Medellwvsmuseet Bulletin 20 (1985), 3-24; Strudwick,
Administration, 160 [159], 253,260; Medelluwsmuseet, Vagen till
evigheten, No. 58; Smith, HESPOK, 88; Harpur, Decoration, 277
[5511.
Comments Acquired in 1931 by Pehr Lugn from the Egyptian Government.
240
InventoryNo. Stockholm, Medelhavsmuseet, MM 11413

Statue Height 35.2 cm Base H. W. L. 2.3 cm x 7.7 cm x 18.5 cm
wig W. I Dress D. 2g Arms A. I

inzy-r hry litnt md3t Thi
Condition Surface scuffed and worn; some longitudinal fissures; basecracked
along left side.
Colour
NeuchAtel Eg. 328-9, MM 1141-2, four others and one female
unlocated, CatalogueNos. A83-97,99-102; six servant statues.
Bibliography PM 111/2,566-7; Gunn, MSS XIV, 43 (1,2nd from right];
Medelhavsmuseet,En introduktion, 30-3 1; Peterson.A rcheologia
198 (1985), 25; Id., MedelhavsmuseetBulletin 20 (1985), 3-24;
Strudwick, Administration, 160 [159], 253,260: Smith. HESPOK,
88; Harpur, Decoration, 277 [55 1].
Comments Acquired in 1931 by Pehr Lugn C.
from the Egyptian Government.
0
Zý
44,
ich
241
A 99 PlateNo. 59 C PageRef. 102-107
Inventory No. Stockholm, Medelhavsmuseet, MM 11411
StatueHeight 42.4 cm. BaseH. W. L. 2.6 cm x8 cm x. cm
614.3
wig W. I Dress D. 2c Arms A. 9

L, a Cý
P
un:v-r tin[ ... I TM,
Condition Large crack in base.
Colour Red tracesall over, white traces in eyes and black on brows.
statues:MFA 24.606-8, MMA 26.2.8-9, JE 93161-3.49371,649051
Neuchdtel Eg. 328-9, MM 1142-3, four others and one female
Bibliography PM 111/2,566-7;Gunn, MSS XIV, 43 [1,2nd from left];
Medelhavsmuseet,En introduktion, 30-3 1; Peterson,Archeologia
198 (1985), 25; Id., MedelhavstnuseetBulletin 20 (1985), 3-24;
Strudwick, Administration, 160 [159], 253.260; Smith. HESPOK,
88; Harpur, Decoration, 277 [55 1].
Comments Acquired in 1931 by Pehr Lugn from the Egyptian Government.
Ox
C=
242
Provenance Saqqara,'tomb 6001,Tjeteti
wig W. I Dress D. 2c Arms A. 9
Accessories - Jewellery - Stance S.3?

Inscription -
Condition Appears to have a large number of round flecks adhering to the
surface.
Colour White and black clearly visible in eyes.
Neuch5tel Eg. 328-9, MM 1142-3, three others and one female
unlocated, Cataloguenos. A83-99, A 101-102; six servant statues.
Bibliography Gunn, MSS XIV. 43 [I]; Peterson, MedelhtivsmuseetBulletin 20
(1985), 3-24.
Comments
243
A 101 PlateNo. 60 a, b PageRer. 102-107
Inventory No. Neuch5tel, Mus6e d'Ethnographie. Eg. 329
Provenance Saqqara,tomb 6001, Tjeted
wig WAb Dress D. 6 Arms A. 4c
inscription One vertical line of carved hieroglyphs alongside right foot:
Condition Good.
Colour -
statues: MFA 24.606-8, MMA 26. '21.8-9,JE 93161-3,49371,64905,
Neuch5tel Eg. 328, MM 1141-3, four male and one female
unlocated, Catalogue Nos. A83-100, A102; six servant statues.
Bibliography PM 111/2,566; Peterson, Medelhavsmuseet Bulletin 20 (1985), 3-24:
Strudwick, Administration, 160 [159], 253,260; Ranke,
Personennamen 1,395,16; 1/2,253,30; Smith, HESPOK, 88:
Harpur, Decoration, 277 [5 51
Comments -
244
A 102 PlateNo. 60 d PageRer. 102-107
wig Wf. 2a Dress Df. 2 Arms Af. 3
Accessories - Jewellery - Stance Sf.2
Inscription Only faint tracesof an illegible inscription visible on the basein the
photograph.
Condition Appears good.
Colour White traceson base.
AssociatedItems False door, lintel, offering table, stone statue MFA 24.605; 18 male
NeuchAtel Eg. 328, Eg. 329, MM 1141-3, four unlocated male
statues,Catalogue Nos. A83-101; six servant statues.
Bibliography Gunn MSS XIV. 42 [1], second from right; Peterson,
MedelhavsniuseetBulletin 20 (1985), 3-24.
Comments -
245
A 103 Plate No. 60 c Page Ref. 107-108
Inventory No. Hildesheim, Roemer- und Pelizaeus-Museum, RPM 3117

Description Remains of standing male
Provenance Giza, tomb of Seneb,Director of Dwarfs

Date Dynasty VI, Pepi 11- last years of Pepi 11at the earliest
Statue Height 14.8 cm BaseH. W. L. -
Wig WA Dress Arms A. 3
-
Accessories jewellery Stance
Inscription
Condition Only fragmentsremainof this statue:part of the wig, the left hand
sideof the rearof the torsoandthe left forearm.
Colour
Date of Discovery Junker,1927.
Associated Items StonestatuegroupCairo JE 51280; stonechestJE 51281;
sarcophagus Leipzig 3695; stonestatuebaseRPM 3132;stonechest
RPM 3115.
Bibliography PM 111/2,101-3;CAAHildesheimIV, 103-107;Junker,Giza V, 121;
ref. in Agyptische
Kayser, Altenfliner, 48-9; Cherpion,Mastabas,89,
226; Harpur,Decoration,269 [212].
Comments
246
A 104 Plate No. 61 a Page Rer. 108
Provenance Giza, tomb G 2347 C=G 5564 A
Date Dynasty VI - end of the Old Kingdom
StatueHeight 17.7 cm Base11. W. L. 1.6 cm x 3.8 cm x 6.8 cm
wig W. 5 Dress D. 2f Arms A. 9

Inscription -
Condition Whole piece is covered in wax. Right hand damaged.
Colour -
Dateof Discovery Reisner, 1935 HUMFA expedition.
AssociatedItems Male statueMFA 37.1321, Catalogue No. A 105; excavation no.
35-11-16, head of male found in shaft E in very poor condition;
remains of servant figures with limestone accessories,cf. Smith,
HESPOK, figs. 20,24.
Bibliography PM 111,84;Reisner, BMFA XXXVI (1938), 30.
Comments -
247
inventory No. Boston, Museum of Fine Arts, MFA 37.1321

Provenance Giza, tomb G 2347 C=G 5564 A

Date Dynasty VI - end of the Old Kingdom
StatueHeight 20 cm Base11. W. L. 1.7 cm x4 cm x 9.6 cm

Inscription
Condition Coveredin wax. Somedamageto the right sideof the face;deep
in
gouge chest filled with wax as is hole for skirt knot. Basebowed
andcurvedon the underside.
Colour Tracesof black on head.
Dateof Discovery Reisner,1935HUMFA expedition.
AssociatedItems Male statueMFA 37.1320,CatalogueNo. A 104;excavationno.
35-11-16,headof malefound in shaftE in very poor condition;
remainsof servantfigures with limestoneaccessories, cf. Smith,
HESPOK, figs. 20,24.
Bibliography PM 111,84;Reisner,BMFA XXXVI (1938), 30.
Comments *-
248
inventory No. Berkeley, PhoebeHearst Museum of Anthropology, PHMA 6-22886

Provenance Naga ed-Der N 3777

Date End of the Old Kingdom
wig W. I Dress D. 2b Arms A. I
Accessories Ac. I jewellery J. 1,2 Stance S. 2
Inscription -
Condition The thick layer of plaster is badly cracked and much detail has been
lost. The statue is covered in a layer of beeswax.
Colour White skirt, fingernails, Steink-enze;black wig, nipples; belt, collar
and amulet are white, blue-green and yellow. The statue was plastered
white, then covered in a red wash with the other colours applied to the
red.
Date of Discovery Reisner, 1901-3.
Associated Items Limestone scribe statue in Berkeley, PHMA 6-19756
Bibliography Smith, HESPOK, 88-9.
Comments
249
A 107 Plate No. 61 c Page Ref. 109

Provenance Naga ed-Der N 12
Date End of Old Kingdom

Statue Height 7.5 ern Base 11. W. L. -
wig W. 5 Dress Arms
-
Accessories - Jewellery - Stance
Inscription -
Condition Very worn head, everything else gone. Nose broken off.
Colour Traces of red on mouth and neck.

Dateof Discovery Reisner, 1912 HUMFA expedition.
AssociatedItems -
Bibliography -
Comments
250
A 108 PlateNo. 61 d, e PageRef. 109-113
Inventory No. Berkeley, PhoebeHearst Museum of Anthropology, PHMA 6-15203
Provenance Naga ed-DEr tomb N 43-5 Tjetji
Statue Height approx. 43 cm BaseH. W. L. -
Wig W. 5 Dress D. 3a Arms A. 8a

Inscription
Condition Most of the original painted surface is gone;joints on left foot are
clearly visible; small crack in left temple.
Colour White left thumbnail clearly visible on photograph.
Reisner,1901-3.
Date of Discovery
Items 16otherstatuesin Berkeley,8 malesand 8 females,6-15201,
Associated
6-15204-18,CatalogueNos. A 109-124.
Bibliography Reisner,ASAE5 (1905), 105-9,Pl. V; Smith, HESPOK, 94-5.
Comments -
251
109 PlateNo. 63 a, b PageRer. 109-113
Inventory No Berkeley,PhoebeHearstMuseumof Anthropology, PHMA 6-15207
Provenance Nagaed-D& tomb N 43-9 Tjetji
Statue Height 43.5 cm BaseIt. W. L. 4.2 cm x 10.6 cm x 25 cm
Wig W. 5 Dress D. 3a Arms A. 8a

Inscription
Condition Cracksin plasteron skirt, andon right sideof head;facebattered.
Feetweremodelledin plasterandmuch detail is now gone.
Colour Black wig, outlinesof eyes,pupils, brows, top of base,nipples;
white: whitesof eyes,toe andfingernails,skirt; dark red skin, red
sidesto base.
Date of Discovery Reisner,1901-3.
Associated Items 16otherstatuesin Berkeley,8 malesand 8 females,6-15201,
6-15203-6,6-15208-18,CatalogueNos. A 108,110-124.
Comments
252

Provenance Naga ed-Dýr tomb N 43-3 Tjetji
StatueHeight 48.3 cm BaseH. W. L. 4.2 cm x 13.2 cm x 28.5 crn

Inscription -
Condition Crack on back restored in modem times; plaster over arm joins now
cracking; plaster for toes of left foot now in very poor condition; front
of baseknocked.
Colour Messy plaster layer painted black for wig and top of base,brows and
outlines of eyes,pupils; white whites of eyes; red skin, sides of base.
Dateof Discovery Reisner, 1901-3.
AssociatedItems 16 other statuesin Berkeley, 8 males and 8 females, 6-15203-18,
Catalogue Nos. A 108-9,111-124.
Bibliography Reisner,ASAE 5 (1905), 105-9, P1.V; Smith, HESPOK, 94-5.
Comments -
253

Provenance Naga ed-Der tomb N 43-7 Tjetji

Accessories Ac. 2 Jewellery - Stance S. 1

Inscription-
Condition Crack in right calf. Only tracesof original plaster covering.
Colour Black wig, brows, outlines of eyes, pupils, top of base; white whites
of eyes, fingernails and toenails; red skin, sides of base.
Associated Items 16 other statuesin Berkeley, 8 males and 8 females, 6-15201,
6-15203-4,6-15206-18, Catalogue Nos. A 108-110,112-124.
Bibliography Reisner,ASAE 5 (1905), 105-9, P1.V; Smith, HESPOK, 94-5
Comments -
254

StatueHeight 47 cm Base11. W. L. 4.1 cm x 11.7 cm x 24 cm
Accessories Ac. 2 Jewellery - Stance S. 1

inscription -
Condition Thick plaster layer is cracked on back of skirt and discoloured very
darkly. Cracked down left side of face. Feet in poor state.
of eyes, thumbnails; red sides to base.
6-15203-5,6-15207-18, Catalogue Nos. A 108-111,113-124.
Bibliography Reisner,ASAE 5 (1905), 105-9, Pl. V; Smith, HESPOK, 94-5.
Comments -
255

Provenance Naga ed-Der tomb N 43- 10 Tjetji

StatueHeight approx. 48 cm BaseH. W. L. -
Accessories - jewellery - Stance S. 1

Inscription -
Condition From the photocopy of the photograph it appearsto be in good
condition.
Colour -
Associateditems 16 other statuesin Berkeley, 8 males and 8 females, 6-15201,
6-15203-7,6-15209-18, Catalogue Nos. A 108-112,114-124.
Comments -
.:
256
inventory No. Berkeley, Phoebe Hearst Museum of Anthropology, PHMA 6-152 12.
StatueHeight 35.2 cm Base11. W. L. 3.7 cm x9 cm x 19.5 cin

Inscription -
Condition Face battered,left arm almost eatenthrough at elbow, cracked all
down back, basebadly cracked in its length on the underside,right
thumb broken off.
Colour Black wig, brows, outlines of eyes, pupils, nipples, top of base,white
whites of eyes, skirt; red skin, sides of base.
AssociatedItems 16 other statuesin Berkeley, 8 males and 8 females, 6-15201,
6-15203-11,6-15213-18, Catalogue Nos. A 108-113,115-124.
Comments -
257
Inventory No. Berkeley, Phoebe Hearst Museum of Anthropology, PHMA 6-15210

Provenance Naga ed-Wr tomb N 43-12 Tjetji

StatueHeight 32 cm Base11. W. L. 0.3- 1.1 cm x 10.2 cm x 20

Inscription -
Condition Cracked on left side of head, from neck to left hip, and through centre
of skirt. Nose damaged.Left leg curves outwards with warp in grain
of wood.
Colour Black wig, right brow, traces in inner comers of eyes, top of base;
white skirt, tracesin inner comer of eyes, skirt; red sides of base,
skin.
Associated items 16 other statuesin Berkeley, 8 males and 8 females, 6-15201,
6-15203-9,6-15211-18, Catalogue Nos. A 108-114,116-124.
Bibliography Reisner,ASAE 5 (1905), 105-9, Pl. V; Smýith,HESPOK, 94-5.
Comments -
258
116 PlateNo. 66 a, b PageRer. 109-113
Provenance Naga ed-D& tomb N 43-13 Tjetji
Statue Height 47.6 cm BaseH. W. L. 5 cm xII cm x 24 cm
Accessories Jewellery - Stance S.3

InscriPtion
Condition Missing the plasterlayer. Front of left toesbroken.
Colour Black wig, brows,outlinesof eyes,pupils, top of base;white in
whitesof eyes, fingerand toenails; red skin, sidesof base.
Date of Discovery Reisner,1901-3.
Associated Items 16otherstatuesin Berkeley,8 malesand 8 females,6-15201,
6-15203-10,6-15212-18, CatalogueNos. A 108-115,117-124.
Comments
259


StatueHeight 23.2 cm BaseH. W. L. 2.2 cm x 4.5 cm x 10.3 em
wig Wf. 2a Dress Df. 2 A rms Af. 3
Accessories - jewellery J. I Stance Sf.2

Inscription -
Condition Most of the plaster surface is missing.
Colour Black wig, brows, outlines of eyes, pupils; white whites of eyes.
Traces of red and white paint around the feet.
Associated items 16 other statuesin Berkeley, 8 males and 8 females, 6-15201,
6-15203,6-15205-18, Catalogue Nos. A 108-116,118-124.
Comments -
260

Description Striding female

StatueHeight 42 cm BaseH. W. L. 3.6 cm x 10 cm x 20.2 cm
wig WfA Dress DfA Arms Af. 3
Accessories - Jewellery - Stance SQ

Inscription -
Condition Tracesof the original thick plaster coating still remain. Large crack on
left side of face running into the shoulder, and from left side of neck
to the hemline.
of eyes,finger and toenails; red sides to base.
6-15203-9,6-15210-18, Catalogue Nos. A 108-117,119-124.
Comments
261

Description Standing nude female

wig WfA Dress Df. 3 Arms Af. 3

Inscription -
Condition Cracks on left side of head and neck, another leading into left breast.
Missing left big toe, edgesof ears chipped.
Colour Black wig, outlines of eyes, pupils, brows, pubic triangle, top of base,
left nipple; white whites of eyes, fingernails; red skin and sides of
base.
6-15203-12,6-15214-18, Catalogue Nos. A 108-118,120-124.
Comments -
262

Provenance Naga ed-Wr tomb N 43-17 Tjetji

StatueHeight 40 cm BaseII. W. L. 3.8 cm x 7.6 cm x 15 cm

Inscription -
Condition Fronts of feet gone, ears chipped.
Colour Black wig, base,brows, outlines of eyes, pupils, pubic triangle; white
whites of eyes,fingernails; red skin.
6-15203-14,6-15216-18, Catalogue Nos. A 108-119,121-124.
Bibliography Reisner,ASAE 5 (1905), 105-9, Pl. V, 1; Smith, HESPOK, 94-5;
Elsasser/Fredrickson,Ancient Egypt, 60; Fazzini, linagesfor
EtemitY, 37 No. 28,135.
Comments -
263
inventory No. Berkeley,PhoebeHearstMuseumof Anthropology, PHMA 6-15218

Statue Height 26 cm Base 11. W. L. 2.1 cm x 4.6 cm x 11.1 cm
wig Wf. 5 Dress Df. 3 Arms Af. 3

inscription -
Condition Right hand damaged.
Colour Black wig, base,brows, outlines of eyes, pupils, pubic triangle; white
whites of eyes,toenails; red skin and red tracesunder the black of the
base.
6-15203-17, Catalogue Nos. A 108-120,122-124.
Comments -
264

Accessories - Jewellery - Stance Sf. 2

Inscription -
Condition Batteredears;index and little finger of right hand missing; some
damageto right breast.
Colour Black wig, top of base, brows, outlines of eyes, pupils, left nipple,
navel -a row of black dots leads to the pubic area, which is shown by
a seriesof red and black dots on top of each other; white whites of
eyes,fingernails; yellow skin; red sides of base.
6-15203-13,6-15215-18, Catalogue Nos. A 108-121,123-124.
Comments -
265


StatueHeight 28.7 cm BaseH. W. L. 3.5 cm x 6.5 cm x 12.2 crn
wig Wf. 5 Dress D0 Arms Af. 3

Inscription -
Condition Tip of nosechipped. Tips of fingers on left hand missing; navel
placed on the left hand side of the belly.
Colour Black wig, top of base,brows, outlines of eyes, pupils, pubic triangle;
white whites of eyes,toenails; yellow skin, sides of base.
6-15203-15,6-15217-18, Catalogue Nos. A 108-122,124.
Bibliography Reisner,ASAE 5 (1905), 105-9, Pl. V; Smith, HESPOK, 94,-5.
Comments -
t
266
Provenance Naga ed-D8r tomb N 43-19 Tjetji
wig Wf. 5 Dress Df. 3 Arms Af. 3
Accessories - Jewellery - Stance SQ

Inscription -
Condition Damage to lower half of face - nose, mouth and chin all badly
chipped; cracked acrossright foot; bad crack down left side and back
of right leg.
Colour Black wig, top of base,brows, outlines of eyes,pupils, nipples; white
whites of eyes,fingernails; yellow skin; red sides to base; pubic
triangle red and black dots superimposedon each other.
6-15203-16,6-15218, Catalogue Nos. A 108-123.
Comments -
267
inventory No. Unknown, Berkeley ?
Provenance Naga ed-Der tomb N 241 Shepset
wig WfA Dress Df. 3 Arms AQ

Inscription two horizontal lines of hieroglyphs on the front of the base:
0
[2] hkri nsiv Wn Spst
[I] bn3tiw Lir ntr 113
Condition Only seenfrom photograph, but appearsin good state.
Colour -
AssociatedItems -
Bibliography Smith, HESPOK, 95.
Comments -
'4
ý-o
aqKc.ýa
268
A 126 PlateNo. 71 a PageRef. 113
inventory No. Berkeley, Phoebe Hearst Museum of Anthropology, PHMA 6-12840
Provenance Naga ed-Der 248 (Cemetery 100) Inet-kemet, wife of the nomarch
StatueHeight 14.2 Base11. W. L. -
Accessories - jewellery - Stance
Inscription -
Condition Only the right side of the head and wig is extant.
Colour Traces of red around the edgesof the wig.
Dateof Discovery Reisner, 1901.
Associateditems Nude female in Berkeley? Catalogue No. 127.
Bibliography
LA IV, 306 ff, Smith, HESPOK, 90,222; Peck, Decorwed Tombs,
40-91; Strudwick, Adminismition, 220; Harpur, Decor(ition, 281
[670]; Kanawati, Administration, 63.
Comments The head is presumably the head of Tjemerery even though N 248 is
the tomb of his wife Int-Krnt. His own tomb is N 71.
269
inventory No. Unknown, Berkeley ?
Description Striding nude female
Provenance Naga ed-Der 248 (Cemetery 100) Inet-kemet, wife of the nomarch
StatueHeight - Base11. W. L. -
wig Wf. 3b Dress Df. 5 Arms Af. 2
Accessories - jewellery - Stance Sf. 3a
Inscription -
Condition Missing left arm; badly cracked through left side of face, and through
left shin. Left hip is also in poor condition.
Colour -
Dateof Discovery Reisner, 1901.
AssociatedItems Male head Berkeley 6-12840, Catalogue No. A 126.
Bibliography LA IV, 306 ff, Smith, HESPOK, 90,222; Peck, Decorated Tombs,
40-91; Strudwick, Administration, 220; Harpur, Decoration, 281
[670]; Kanawati, Administration, 63.
Comments I owe my knowledge of this statue to a personalcommunication with
Dr. E. Brovaski.
270
CATALOGUE B
271
B1 Plate No. 71 c, d, e Page Ref. 114
Inventory No. Cairo, Egyptian Museum, CG 139; SR '175

A.
Provenance Unknown
Date End of the reign of Nyuserre or slightly later

wig WE I Dress Df. 4 Arms AO
Accessories Ac. 7 jewellery J-3,4,7 Stance Sf. 3a
Inscription -
Condition Missing base, feet and most of right ankle; tip of nose broken off.
Painted plaster layer is chipped and flaking all over statue, the back is
in a worse state than the front.
Colour Black wig, brows, outlines to eyes; cream coloured skin; white dress;
jewellery black, white, green, red, and blue.
Date of Discovery -
Associated Items -
Bibliography Borchardt, Statuen 1,103, Pl. 31; Staehlin, Tracht, 124, fig. 57;
Shoukry, SASAE 15,86 n. 2,90 n. 1,92 n. 3,100 n. 6,104 n. 3, n. 8,
n. 9, n. 10.
Comments Closest are:
comparisons Catalogue
Nos. A7 andA22.
272
B2 PlateNo. 72 a, b PageRer. 114
Inventory No. Cairo, Egyptian Museum, CG 380
Provenance Unknown, probably Saqqara

Date Isesi/Unas or Teti
StatueHeight 127 cm BaseH. IV. L.

wig WA Dress D. 2 Arms A. 4
Accessories A c.'&'- Jewellery J.3 stance S.5

Inscription -
Condition Missing feet and left forearm. Much of the surface is in poor
condition and details are therefore difficult to discern.
Colour Traces of black on wig, and traces around neck indicate the presence
of a collar. Skin red, collar blue, white and green; basewhite.
Dateof Discovery -
AssociatedItems -
Bibliography Borchardt, Stcauen1,199-200, Pl. 59; Smith, HESPOK, 59;
Shoukry, SASAE 15,90 n. 1,92 n. 3; 104 n. 3, n. 8; 107 n. 7.
Comments Closest comparisonsare: Catalogue Nos. A 11; A5 1; A 101.
273
Plate No. 73 a Page Ref. 115
B3
Provenance Giza, G 2336 serdab
Date Unas
Statue Height 35 cm (approx. ) Base H. W. L. -

Wf. I Df. 4
Wig Dress Arins AL2
Accessories Jewellery Stance Sfla
inscription
Condition Extremelypoor.Statueis coveredin wax andtied togetherby string.
No featuresarediscernible,exceptthe outline of the nose.Missing
right arm andlegsbelow the knees.
Colour
Dateof Discovery Reisner, HUMFA expedition, 1912-13.
Associated Items Two other female statues:MFA 13.3463,13-3464, Catalogue Nos.
134-5.
Bibliography PM 111/1,83; Smith, HESPOK, 59-60.
Comments Porter-Moss lists the Expedition No. wrongly as 12-10-35. It is in
fact 12-10-34.
274
B4 Plate No. 73 b Page Ref. 115
-
Description Torso of standing female
Provenance Giza, G 2336 serdab
Date Unas
Statue Height 35 cm Base H. IV. L. -

Wig Wf. I Dress Df. 6 Arms Af. 2
Accessories Jewellery Stance -

Inscription
Condition Extremelypoor.Extant in five pieces:head,torso,part of left side,
right arm,andoneadditionalunidentifiablepiece.Statueis coveredin
wax andboundwith string.
Colour
Date of Discovery Reisner,HUMFA expedition,1912-13.
Associated Items Two otherfemalestatues:MFA 13.3462,13.3464,CatalogueNos.
B3 andB5.
Bibliography PM 111/1,83;Smith, HESPOK, 59-60.
Comments
275
B5 PlateNo. 73 c- PageRef. 115
Inventory No. Boston,Museumof Fine Arts, MFA 13-3464

Description Torsoof nudefemale
Provenance Giza, G 2336serdab
Date Unas
Wig Wf. 5 Dress Df. 6 Arms Af. 1
Accessories jewellery Stance Sf-lb

inscription
Condition Extremelypoor.Legs and armsmissing.Crackeddown front and
back.Facialfeaturesindiscernible.
Colour
Date of Discovery Reisner,HUMFA expedition,1912-13.
Associated Items Two otherfemalestatues:MFA 13.3462;13.3463,CatalogueNos.
133-4.
Bibliography PM 111/1,83;Smith, HESPOK, 59-60.
Comments
276
Plate No. 89 c, d Page Ref. 115
B6

Nude striding male
Description
Provenance Akhmim
Date Unas
38 cm Base H. W. L. 4 cm x7 cm x 9.5 cm
Statue Height
wig W. I Dress D. 4a Arms A. 9a
Accessories Ac. 2 Jewellery - stance S.2
Inscription
-
Badly cracked and fissured, missing right arm and penis. Eyes badly
Condition
defaced,feet on base in bad condition.
Colour Black traceson wig, tracesof white paint or plaster around the genital
region, base has traces of red over white plaster.
AssociatedItems -
Bibliography PM V, 25; Borchardt, Statuen 1,153, Pl. 48; Kanawati, El Hau-mvish
VII, 57, Pl. 20a.
Comments Closest comparisons are: Catalogue Nos. A 13; A46; A47; A48.
277
B7 PlateNo. 72 c, d PageRef. 115
inventory No. Cairo, Egyptian Museum, CG 155; SR 15171
Provenance Saqqara
Date Unas
wig W. I Dress D. 2i Arms A. 1
Accessories Ac. 1,2 jewellery - Stance S-2
Inscription -
Condition Large crack down the centre of the chest to the lower edge of the
skirt. Right hand damaged,left thumb broken at tip. Cracked across
top of wig from left to right.
Colour Traces of black on wig, red on skin and black on base.
Date of Discovery -
Associated Items -
Bibliography PM 111/2,724; Shoukry, SASAE 15,60 n. 3,90 n. 1,92 n. 3,100 n.
5,104 n. 3, n. 5, n. 7, n. 10,105 n. 3.
Comments Closest comparisons are: Catalogue Nos. A 18; A40; A41; A97; A98.
278
B8 PlateNo. 74 a, b PageRer. 115-116
Inventory No. Berlin (East), Das Agyptische Museum. Inv. Nr. 10858
Provenance Kafr Ammar, Faiyum, tomb of Pehernefert

Date Unas

wig W. I Dress D. 2d Arms A. I
Accessories Ac. 1,2 Jewellery Stance S. 3
Inscription Base inscribed with four columns of hieroglyphs, reading I-r, illegible
in the published photographs but given in Aeg. Inschr. 1,70:
(1) hnni-I pr-3 [r t] (2) rh nsw n pr-113 (3) I'MAw hr ntr (4)
V. .. %0
Pr-ýr-nfn
Condition Missing left foot and toes of right foot. Cracks and surface damage
all over.
Colour Traces of black on wig and red on skin.
Date of Discovery 1889 or 1891.
Associated Items -
Bibliography Berlin, Ausfuhr. verz. 67 fig. 9; Aeg. Inschr. 1,70; Priese, Das
AgyptischeMuseumWegleitung,Nr. 16,Pl. 4; Id., DasAgyptisches
MuseumBerlin, 30, No. 18;Fechheimer,Phistik-,Pls 36-38(restored
left foot?); Smith,HESPOK, 60-61.
Comments Closestcomparisonis CatalogueNo. A 18.
Z>
279
B9 PlateNo. 74 c PageRef. 116
Provenance Saqqara
Date Unas
wig Wf. I Dress Df. 3 Arms Af. 3
Accessories Ac. 7 Jewellery J-3,6 stance Sf-2

Inscription
-
Condition Missing below mid-calf, both hands damaged,right severely; some
woodworm damage on right arm. Severalcracks down the length of
the statuerunning through tile face and left hand side of the torso.
Colour Traces of black paint on wig and brows.
Dateof Discovery Mariette, 1860
AssociatedItems -
Bibliography PM 111/2,725;Smith, HESPOK, 60; Shoukry, SASAE 15,90 n. 1,
92 n. 4,104 n. 1.
Comments On loan to Port Said Museum. Closest comparison is CatalogueNo.
A22.
280
B 10 PlateNo. 74 d, e, f PageRef. 116
InventoryNo. Paris, The Louvre, N 2293
DescriptionPair statue,husbandand wife

Provenance Unknown
Date Unas
StatueHeight 69.5 cm BaseH. W. L.

wig W. 4a WE I Dress D. 2a Df. 2 Arms A. 2 AfA
Accessories Ac. 12 Jewellery - Stance SA Sf.2

Inscription -
Condition Missing base.Much insect damage to wig of male, lower legs of
both, and skirt of male. Female missing right arm.
Colour -
Dateof Discovery Salt collection, 1826purchase.
AssociatedItems -
Bibliography VandJer,Manuel 111,Pl. XVII I&3 [cf. p. 74, n. 2]; Smith,
HESPOK, 60; Ross,Art in Egypt through the Ages, 112; Boreux,
C(italogue 11,453, Pl. LX111;Aldred, Old Kingdom Art, 34, Pl. 4 1;
Hazan (ed.) & Maillard, Musie du Louvre Part igyptien 1,10- 11;
Pritchard, ANEP, fig. 13.
Comments Closest comparisonsare: Catalogue Nos. A 11; A24 (male) and A7;
A22; A30; A31 (female).
281
11 Plate No. 75 aq b PageRef. 117
Inventory No. London, Petrie Museum, UC 8844
Description Head, torso and upper left arm of male.
Provenance Unknown
Date Unas

Wig W. 3 Dress D. 2j Arms A. 2c

Inscription
Condition Termiteandwaterdamaged.Missing below waist, missingthe right
armcompletely,andthe left from abovethe elbow.
Colour Yellowy skull cap,brows and eyesblack, white colour on skin.
Date of Discovery
Associated Items
Bibliography Page, Eg)ptian Sculpture, 6.
Comments Closest comparison is CatalogueNo. A29.
282
B 12 PlateNo. 75 c, d PageRer. 117-118
Provenance Assiut?
Date Teti
StatueHeight 106 cm BaseH. W. L. 7.3 cm x 19.4 cm x 55 cm
wig W. la Dress DA Arms A. I
Accessories Ac. 1,2 Jewellery - Stance S-1
Inscription -
Condition Very good, cracked on left side of face, some cracks in plaster on
legs.
Colour Dark red skin; black outlines of eyes and lips, pupils, brows; white
whites of eyes, Steinkente, thumbnails and toenails.
Date of Discovery Purchased in Cairo in 1922 from Kyticas.
Associated Items
Bibliography Jones, Fake? The AH of Deception, 162-3,No. 166.
Comments Closest comparisonsare: Catalogue Nos. A 13; A36; A46; A47; A48.
283
B 13 PlateNo. 76 a, b PageRef. 118
Inventory No. Hildesheim, Roemer- und Pelizaeus-Museum, Inv. Nr. 1106

Provenance Unknown, perhaps Giza?
Date Teti
StatueHeight 82.2 cm staff BaseH. W. L. -

Accessories Ac. 3 Jewellery Stance SA

Inscription -
Condition Base, legs, parts of hands, right comer of skirt all gone, surface poor.
Colour Traces of red on arms and torso, tracesof plaster and white paint on
skirt.
Dateof Discovery W. Pelizaeus, 1910 purchase,Giza, from Ali Abd el-Haj.
AssociatedItems -
Bibliography Kayser, Ag. Altertibner, 47; Roeder, Denk-indler,56; Id. in Alt
Hildesheint 13 (1934), 46, fig. 4; CAA Hildeshehn Vol. IV, 1-6;
Eggebrecht,DasAlte Reich,71 No. 23.
Comments Closestcomparisonis CatalogueNo. A38.
284
B 14 Plate No. 77 PageRef. 118
Inventory No. Baltimore, Walters Art Gallery, WAG 22.30
Provenance Unknown
Date Pepil
Statue Height 100 cm Base H. W. L. 6 cm x 21.8 cm x 51.3 cm
wig W. I Dress D-2a Arms A-3b

Inscription -
Condition Generalbatteredlook all over. Grain of wood deepening. Some
woodworm holes. Base in bad state with large clefts and fissures.
Toes of left foot damaged,only middle 3 remain intact. Tip of nose
gone. Pieceheavily restored ie. arms glued on etc.
Colour -
Dateof Discovery Purchased 1929 from Rene Haase.
AssociatedItems Cranbrook Academy of Art 40113 1, CatalogueB 15.
Bibliography Steindorff, Catalogue, 22 No. 28, Pl. IV; Id., Jounial of the Millers
Art Gallen-; Vandier, Manuel 111,90;[cf. Petrie & Brunton, Sedinent
1, Pl. IX].
Comments Closest comparisonsare: CatalogueNos. A 16; A 17; A40.
285
B 15 PlateNo. 76 c PageRef. 118-119
Inventory No. Bloomfield Hills, Michigan, Cranbrook Academy of Art, 401131
Provenance Unknown
Date Pepi I

Inscription -
Condition Featuresblurred, damagedleft leg.
Colour -
Dateof Discovery -
AssociatedItems Walters Art Gallery 22.30, CatalogueB 14.
Bibliography

compaiisons, Catalogue Nos. A40; A41.
286
Inventory No. Amsterdam, Allard Pierson Museum, Inv. No. 48
Provenance Unknown
Date Pepi I
wig W. I Dress D. 2f Arms A. 3e
Accessories Ac. 12 jewellery - Stance SA

Inscription -
Condition Badly cracked and warped. Large piece of left side of the head
missing. Missing left forearm, front of left shin, left foot, right foot
and base.The right hand has been damagedrecently: the original
inventory card shows the thumb, but photos from 1986 no longer
have it.
Colour -
Dateof Discovery Purchasedin 1934, formerly Amherst collection.
AssociatedItems -
Bibliography van Haarlem, Phoenix 32,1 (1986), 51-2, pl. 29.

9
Comments Closestcomparisonsare:CatalogueNos.A42; A58.
287
B 17 PlateNo. 79 PageRef. 119
inventory No. Hildesheim, Roemer- und Pelizaeus-Museuni, Inv. Nr. 67
Provenance Unknown
Date Pepi I

wig W. 3 Dress D. 3a Arms A-7

Inscription -
Condition In good condition. Missing original base.Fingers of left hand broken.
Colour -
Dateof Discovery -
AssociatedItems -
Bibliography Kayser, Ag.)pfischer Alterifinzer, 54; Roeder,Denkindler, 70; Fiih rer
durch die SanvidungdesRPALAgypten,31,32.
Comments Closestcomparisonsare:CatalogueNos. A43; A44; A61; A66;
A105.
288
B 18 PlateNo. 78 c, d PageRef. 119
inventory No. Providence, Rhode Island School of Design Museum of Art, 25.031
Description Head and shouldersof lifesize male statue.
Provenance Unknown
Date Pepi I- Merenre
wig W. Ib Dress Arms
Accessories AcA Jewellery Stance
Inscription -
Condition Only head and shoulders extant. Face very cracked and damaged-
some ancient patching may have fallen away. Badly cracked up back
and through right side of back of head. Crack continues down left
side of face.
Colour Black traceson wig, remains of dark plaster on face, black tracesin
outside comers of eyes.
Dateof Discovery Purchased 1925 from Simkovitch NYC by Mrs Gustav Radeke.
AssociatedItems -
Bibliography -
289
B 19 PlateNo. 80 a, b PageRef. 119-120
Inventory No. London, British Museum, EA 55261 (OC29)
Provenance Unknown
wig W. 1b Dress D. 5 Arms A. 3
Accessories Ac. 3 Jewellery - stance S-3

Inscription -
Condition Much surface scuffing but otherwise in very good state.
Colour Black wig, brows, base; eyes black outlines and pupils, white whites;
skirt white; skin red-brown.
Dateof Discovery -
AssociatedItems -
Bibliography Stead,Egyptian Life, 47 No. 63.
Comments Closestcomparisonsare:CatalogueNos. A.46; A48.
290
B 20 Plate No. 80 c, d Page Ref. 120
Inventory No. Brussels, Mus6es Royaux d'Art et d'Histoire, E 4905
Description Head of male statue
Provenance Unknown

Wig W. 5 Dress Arms
-
Accessories AcA Jewellery - Stance
Inscription
Condition Only the faceandpart of the top of the headandleft earremain.
Colour Tracesof red on skin andblack on hair.
Date of Discovery I Capartpurchase,Egypt 1913/14.
Associated Items
Bibliography
291
B 21 Plate No. 81 a, b, c PageRef. 120
Provenance Lisht?

Wig W. 5 Dress D.4a Arms A. 9
Accessories Jewellery stance SA
Inscription
Condition In generalvery good.Somecrackingdown the belly. Feetandbase
missing.
Colour Black on wig, tracesof black aroundeyes.
Date of Discovery Huntleybequest1959.
Associated Items
Bibliography
Comments Closest comparisonsare: CatalogueNos. A54; A68.
292

Provenance Unknown (thought to be Assiut), tomb of Hema
Statue Height 111 cm Base H. W. L. 8.2 cm x 17.7cm x 50 cm
wig W. la Dress D. 5a Arms A. 6a
Accessories Jewellery Stance S-1

Inscription One vertical line of carved Weroglyphsenclosedin box.
jzý3-pr smr wlty Hm3
Condition Good. Missing left arm, some deep cracks on head and down chest.
Colour Skin red, wig black, eyes black outlines and pupils, white whites;
fingemails white, baseblack with red underneath black and white
0
spots.
Dateof Discovery Purchasedin 1958 on the art market.
AssociatedItems -
Bibliography -
Comments Closestcomparisonsare: Catalogue Nos. A36; A52; A72; A8 1; A99;
A115.
ý
ci
L9
0 äa
m
44-
193
B 23 Plate No. 81 d Page Ref. 120-121
Inventory No. London, British Museum, EA 29563 (97,10-9,30)
Provenance Deshashah Tomb 103, Nenkhefetka
Date Early Pepi II

Wig W. 6b Dress D.4a Arms -
Accessories Jewellery - Stance S.4a
Inscription
Condition Very poor, missingarmsand legsbelow knees.The genitaliaare
completelygoneexceptfor part of the testicles.Splits andcracksall
over.
Colour
Date of Discovery Petrie,1897.
Associated Items
Bibliography Petrie,Deshasheh,19,3 1, Pl. XXXII, 9.
294
B 24 PlateNo. 81 e, f PageRef. 121
Provenance Akhmim
Date Early Pepi Il

wig W. 6b Dress D. 6 Arms A. 3c

Inscription -
Condition Missing left forearm. Badly cracked on torso both back and front, left
leg also badly cracked. Most of the fingers of right fist broken. Most
of the paint and plaster gone.
Colour Black traceson wig and white plaster and paint on skirt.
AssociatedItems -
Bibliography PM V, 25; Borchardt, Statuen 1,146, Pl. 45; Kanawati, El H(mawish
V11,57, Pl. l8b; Shoukry, SASAE 15,92 n. 3; 104 n. 3, n. 4, n. 8, n.
9.
295
B 25 Plate No. 83 a, b Page Rer. 121
Inventory No. Cambridge, Fitzwilliam Museum, 41-1937
Description Head and part of torso of male statue.
Provenance Unknown
Date Early Pepi Il
Statue Height 13 cm Base If. W. L. -

Wig W. 6a Dress Arms
- -
Accessories Jewellery - Stance -
Inscription
Condition Crackedon left side.Evidenceof both fire andtermitedamage.
Colour Black wig andbrows,outlinesof eyes,andpupils; white whitesof
eyes.
Date of Discovery RickettsandShannonbequest,1937.
Associated Items
Bibliography Darracott, AlIfor Art, 23-4 (10).
Comments Closest
comParisonis CatalogueNo. A55.
296
Inventory No. Leiden, Rijksmuseum van Oudheden, AH 114
Provenance Unknown
Date First half of the reign of Pepi 11
wig W-3 Dress D. 3a Arms A. 8
Accessories - Jewellery - stance S-3

Inscription Perhaps some traces of ink - nothing legible.
Condition Crack down right side of head and several along torso. All cracks
follow grain.
Colour Traces in
of white grooves on skirt, black on wig and face, line of
paint or plaster along edge of basecould be modem.
Dateof Discovery Originally Anastasi collection.
AssociatedItems -
Bibliography

compansons Nos.
Catalogue A56; A57; A76; A85.
297
B 27 PlateNo. 84 PageRer. 121-1222
Inventory No. London, British Museum. EA 53899 (1914.10-10,1)
Provenance Antin6e
Date PepilI
wig W. 10 Dress D. 6 Arms A-3d
Accessories Ac. 8a Jewellery - Stance S-1

Inscription In three lines, the first two horizontal. the third vertical. Text startsat
top right comer of baseand continues towards feet.
(1) [ ým (?)I-k3 Lttmw-qr j (2) smr (?)
... ...
(3) bny-r [ I
...
Condition Generally good with tracesof the original thick paint and plaster
layer. Staff missing but hole on base and stub in hand remain. Left
2nd toe missing. Nose chipped.
Colour Eyes outlined in black, wig black, tracesof black all over torso, white
on skirt, but not to the extent of the carving; white substanceon
ankles, legs, arms and backs of shoulders perhapsthe remains of the
plaster?
Dateof Discovery Presentedby EEF in 1914.
AssociatedItems -
Bibliography -
Comments Closest comparisonsare: Catalogue Nos. A55: A58; A59, A60.
694
298
Inventory No. Saint Louis, Saint Louis Art Museum, Inv. No. 1.1986
Provenance Unknown
Date Pepill
StatueHeight 39.7 cm. BaseIt. W. L. -

wig W. 3 Dress D. 3a Arms A-8
Accessories Ac. 2 Jewellery - stance S.3

Inscription -
Condition Has undergone extensive treatment for fungal problem. Crack
through right shoulder is repaired.
Colour Black wig, tracesof black on base.
Dateof Discovery Purchased1986, originally collection of Felix Feuardent.
AssociatedItems -
Bibliography
Comments Closestcomparisonsare:CatalogueNos. A56; A57; A76.

0
299
Provenance Unknown, probably Saqqara

Date Pepi 11
Accessories Ac. 12 Jewellery - stance S.4a

Inscription -
Condition Very chipped and cracked surface which is missing most of its
painted plaster coating. Missing base and both legs from the knee
down.
Colour Traces of white on skirt, black on wig, and red on skin.
Dateof Discovery -
AssociatedItems -
Bibliography Borchardt, Statuen 1,194-5, PI. 59; Staehlin, Twcht, 160 n. 5;

Shoukry, SASAE 15,92 n. 3,104 n. 3, n. 4.
Comments ClosestcomParisonis CatalogueNo. A58.
300
Inventory No. Leiden, Rijksmuseum van Oudheden, AH 91
Provenance Unknown
Date Pepill

Inscription-
Condition Generally good. Missing front part of left foot, only trace of peg hole
for toes visible.
Colour Black on wig, red on skin, white in eyes and on skirt; brows and
pupils black. Black spot on left side of skirt, black around right foot -
from base?
Dateof Discovery Anastasi collection.
Associated Items Cf. servant statue from Meir, tomb of Nyankhpepi Kem, JE 308 10.
Bibliography Breasted,Eg)ptian Sen,ant Statues,59[4], Pl. 53b; Boeser,
Beschreibung, Vol. 1,Atlas, 20, Pl. XXVII; Wijngaarden,
Meestervi,erk-en,96, Pls. 16,17.
Comments Closest comparisonsare: Catalogue Nos. A58; A73; A8 1; A 115.
301
Inventory No. ' Hildesheim, Roemer- und Pelizaeus-Museum, Inv. Nr. 1244
Description Torso of striding male

Provenance Unknown
Date Pepi 11
StatueHeight 31.9 cm BaseH. IV. L. -

wig W-1 Dress D. 6 Arms -
Accessories - Jewellery - Stance S.4a
Inscription -
Condition Missing arms and legs from upper thigh; cracked down length
through face and left side of body.
Colour Traces of red-brown in navel, used to be white traceson skirt and in
left eye.
Dateof Discovery Purchased W. Pelizaeus, 1910.
AssociatedItems -
Bibliography CAA Hildesheim Vol. IV, 7-10; Roeder, Denk-indler,56.
Comments Closest comparisonsare: Catalogue Nos. A58; A73; A8 1; A 115.
302
Inventory No. Cairo, Egyptian Museum, JE28855, CG 22 1: SR 162

Provenance Akhmim, tomb of Tjeti
Date Pepi H
StatueHeight 48.2 cm BaseH. W. L. 4.5 cm x 12 cm x 30.5 cm
wig W-5 Dress D. 6 Arms A. 6a
Inscription Oneverticalcolumnandonehorizontal0 groupof carvedhieroglyphs

readingright to left andplacedacrossthe front of the base:
(1) Smr wth, hry-tp nsw (2) Z't1'
Condition Missing left arm. Many longitudinalcracksin the body. Basecobbled
togetherout of manypieces.
Colour Black wig.
Date of Discovery 1890
Associated Items -
Bibliography PM V, 24; Brovarskiin MelangesMoklitar 1,127-153,Pl. V1,
Kanawati,El HawawishVII, 57, Pl. 18c;Ranke,Personennainen 1,
395,5; Baer,Rankand Title, 154;Shoukry,SASAE15,92 n. 4: 104
2,
n. n. 6; 105n. 3; [Perhaps
also: Lacau,Sarcophages,
10-13(CG
28004)or 33 (CG 28014);Bouriant.RT XI, 142:Willems. Chests
of Life, 33].
Comments Closestcomparisonsare:CatalogueNos. A60; A70-A72; A 110-115.
Iq
r0
303
B 33 PlateNo. 88 PageRef. 123-124
Inventory No. Paris,The Louvre.E 11566

Provenance Akhmim, tomb of Tjeti
Date Pepi 11
Statue Height 88 cm Base H. W. L. 7 cm x 23.8 cm x 51.3 cm
Wig W. 3a Dress D. 3a &rms A. 3
,
Accessories Ac. 2,4 Jewellery stance S-1
Inscription One horizontal line of carved hieroglyphs reading right to left and
'upsidedown'on the front of the base: h3tj--"sd3wi)--bAty sinr wIty Ttl
'*-'7
Condition Area around eyes very damaged, cracked on crown of head, missing
4D
staff and sceptre, some chipping on shins, base cracked in length.
Colour
Date of Discovery 1890,purchasedby Louvre in 1918.
Associated Items -
Bibliography Vandier,Manuel111,90;Newberry,LiverpoolAnnals IV, 101-20
(Tombs26 + 2); Kanawati,El Hawaivish1,12 ff-,cf. Vallogia, CdE
LIX, 93-96(review of Kanawati).
Comments Closestcomparisonsare:CatalogueNos. A38; A62, A86.
=
ým1 ý q4me
-c6,
4a 14
304
B 34 Plate No. 89 a, b Page Ref. 124
Inventory No. Cairo, Egyptian Museum, JE 29145, CG 454; SR 183
Provenance Akhmirn
Date Pepi 11
Statue Height 29 cm BaseH. W. L. 2.9 cm x 8.2 cm x 13 cm

Wig W. 7 Dress DA Arms -
Accessories Jewellery Stance S-1
Inscription
Condition Missing armsand most of the paint andplaster.Badinsectdamageto
the front of the base.Otherwisein goodcondition.
Colour Black wig, pubic area,brows andeyes,base.White whitesof eyes
andsmall tracesof plasterunderthe paint on the base.
Associated Items
Bibliography PM V, 25; Borchardt, Statuen 11,49, PI. 75; Kanawati, El Hawcavish

VII, 57, PI. 20c.
Comments 'Closest comparisonis Catalogue

No. A63.
305
inventory No. Stockholm, Medelhavsmuseet, MM 14725
Provenance Unknown
Date Pepill
wig W. 7 Dress D. 6 Arms -
Accessories - Jewellery - stance SA
Inscription -
Condition Very poor, especially on front surface. Most of the facial details gone.
Missing arms, feet and base.
Colour Traces of shiny pinkish paint all over, modem?
Dateof Discovery Gift in 1930's.
AssociatedItems -
Bibliography
Comments Closest
comparisonis No.
Catalogue A63.
306
B 36 Plate No. 90 c, d Page Rer. 124-125
Inventory No. Stockholm, Medelhavsmuseet, MM 14689
Provenance Unknown
Date Pepi 11

Wig W. 7 Dress D. 6 Arms A. 9b
Accessories Jewellery - stance SA

Inscription
Condition Missing feet andbase,generalbatteredappearance.
Colour Black traceson wig, eyes,andbrows,red skin, white traceson skirt.
Date of Discovery Gift in 1930's.
Associated Items
Bibliography
307
B 37 PlateNo. 89 e PageRer. 125
Inventory No. Turin, Museo Egizio, Inv. Suppl. 3104
Provenance Unknown
Date Pepill
StatueHeight 29 cm BaseH. NV. L. -

wig W. 7 Dress D. 4b Arms A. 3e
Accessories Ac. 12 jewellery J. 1,6 stance S-1

Inscription -
Condition Generally good, missing left forearm.
Colour Black wig, brows, nipples, outlines of eyes, pupils, and top of base;
red skin; white toenails, whites of eyes, Steinkent.
Dateof Discovery da Vecchio Fondo purchase.
AssociatedItems -
Bibliography Fabretti, Rossi, Lanzone, Regio Museo di Torino 427 No. 3104;
Donadoni Roved, Le A ni della Celebrazione, 128 fig. 20 1.
Comments Closestcomparisonis CatalogueNos.A63.
308
B 38 PlateNo. 91 a PageRer. 125
Inventory No. Marseille, Musee Borely, Inv. 218
Provenance Giza
Date Pepill
wig W. 3 Dress D. 3a Arms A. 7d
Accessories Ac. 2,8 Jewellery - stance S-2

Inscription
Condition Missing baseand fronts of feet, some cracking in length; most of
painted surfacegone. Left nipple missing. Knot missing.
Colour Hair and brows appearblack.
Dateof Discovery Clot-Bey collection, 1830-60.
AssociatedItems -
Bibliography PM 111/2,304; Nelson, Catalogue, 27, No. 35.
Comments Closest comparisonsare: Catalogue Nos. A64; A65, A86.
309
B 39 PlateNo. 91 b PageRer. 125
Inventory No. Berlin, StaatlicheMuseen PreuBischerKulturbesitz. Inv. Nr. 1363
Provenance Saqqara grave 10 (Lepsius) Gemniuser
Date Pepi H or slightly later
Accessories Ac. 2 Jewellery Stance S-1
Inscription Two horizontal lines of Weroglyphs, reading r-l. and black on white
background
(1) hn3hwhr (2) 'Inpw Gm-n(J)-wsr
Condition Crackeddown both sidesof headandright sideof torso,missing
most of right arm.
Colour Almost all gone- tracesof red on skin, white on skirt, black on hair
andeyes;base:red sides,black top. white inscription.
Dateof Discovery Lepsius,1843.
Associateditems Berlin Museum:coffin planks: 13101-4;headrest:1307;granary:
1364-5.
Bibliography Lepsius,Denkmaler,Text1,158-9;PM 11112,517, Willems, Chests
of Life, ref. on p. 30 [Sq3Bel.
Comments Closestcomparisonsare:CatalogueNos. A64, A65: A86.
0?
310
B 40 PlateNo. 91 C PageRer. 125-126
Inventory No. Turin, Museo Egizio, N. Suppl. 1197
Provenance Saqqara(?) tomb of Memi

Date Pepill

wig W-3 Dress D. 4 Arms A. 9a

Inscription Inscribed with the name Memi.
Condition Missing right arm. Surface of statue in poor condition.
Colour -
Dateof Discovery Schiaparelli purchase 1900-1901.
Associated Items [?Obelisk fragment, Jdquier, Tonibeaux des Pcirticuliers, 78.
]
Bibliography Curto, L'Antico Egitto, 65, n. 202; Roccati, Museo Egi-do, 18 [5-6],
PI. 29; Donadoni Roveri, Le A rti della CelebraZione,128 fig. 202.
Comments Closest comParison is Catalogue No. A68.
311
B 41 PlateNo. 92 a, b, c PageRef. 126
Inventory No. Unknown, probably Sohag magazine

Provenance Akhmim, near H26A and H26B
Date Pepi 11or later

Statue Height 44.5 cm Base H. W. L. 4 cm x9 cm x 20 cm
wig W. 5 Dress D. 2k Arms A-6

Inscription One vertical column of poorly preservedhieroglyphs:
k3hiv
Condition Very good.
Colour Wig, eyebrows, navel, nipples, all black; skirt and nails white; skin is
brown-red. Eyes are white with black pupils and outlines.
Dateof Discovery Kanawati, 1979-80.
AssociatedItems -
Bibliography Kanawaü, EI-Haiý, (zwishX, 21-22, Pls. 4,5.
Comments Closestcomparisonsare:CatalogueNos. A69-72; A821;A9,"61.

-95;
A104.
312
B 42 PlateNo. 93 c PageRer. 126
Inventory No. Leiden, Rijksmuseum van Oudheden, F 1938/7.7 (now lost)
Provenance Unknown
Date PepilI
StatueHeight 24.5 cm BaseH. W. L. W. 5.9 cm x L. 7.9 cm
wig W. 5 Dress D. 5 Arms A-6a

Inscription -
Condition Missing left arm and fronts of feet. Many deep cracks all over a
rough surface.
Colour Traces of red on skin, white on skirt and black on wig.
Dateof Discovery Collection von BissinLc
AssociatedItems
Bibliography
Comments Closest
parallelsare: Nos.
Catalogue A70-72.
313
Provenance Luxor
Date Pepi 11.
StatueHeight 36 cm BaseH. IV. L. -

wig W. 5 Dress D. 2f Arms A-14
Accessories Ac. 8a Jewellery - stance SA

Inscription -
Condition Very shiny surface and emphatic modelling of arms and chest.
Missing left leg and front surface of skirt. Nose damaged.Missing
right foot.
Colour -
AssociatedItems -
Bibliography
Comments Closestparallelsare:CatalogueNos. A71 andA 104.
314
B 44 PlateNo. 92 d PageRef. 127
Inventory No. Cairo, Egyptian Museum, CG 148, SR 15665
Provenance Unknown. tomb of Hebet
Date Pepi Il - middle or end of reign
wig W. 1 Dress D.2e Arms A-4d

Inscription One line of crude carved hieroglyphs on right hand side of seaL
hrv-hb Hbt
Condition Generally good. Some cracking of wood especially on arms.
Colour Black wig, tracesof black and white in and around eyes.
Dateof Discovery
AssociatedItems
Bibliography Borchardt, Statuen1,108, PI. 33; Ranke, Personennamen1,236,13.
Comments Closest is
comparison Catalogue
No. A73.
315
Inventory No. Turin, Museo Egizio, Inv. 1216
Provenance Unknown
Date Pepi 11
StatueHeight 40? cm BaseH. NV. L. -

wig W. I Dress D. 2b Arms A. 4b
Accessories Ac. 12 Jewellery - stance S-5

Inscription -
Condition Most of face gone; feet damaged; cracked all down right side,
especially shoulder; most of plaster surface missing; back of base
eatenaway.
Colour Black on wig and tracesin eyes, red on skin, white on skirt, black on
base.
Dateof Discovery -
AssociatedItems -
Bibliography

Nos. A73 andA74.
316
B 46 PlateNo. 94 a, b PageRer. 127
Inventory No. London, Petrie Museum, UC 16454
Provenance Unknown
Date Pepill

wig WA Dress D. 2f Arms A. la
Accessories Ac. 12 jewellery - stance S-7

Inscription -
Condition Much damageto backs of legs; feet and basegone; left arm gone,
featureson the front blurred, especially the face.
Colour Black wig, white on skirt.
Dateof Discovery -
AssociatedItems -
Bibliography Page, Egypticitz Sculpture, 15, no. 16.
Comments Closest is
comparison Catalogue
No. A75.
a
317
B 47 Plate No. 94 c, d Paee Ref. 127-128
Inventory No. In unknownprivate possession

Provenance Unknown
Date End of the reign of Pepi 11or slightly later
Statue Height BaseH. W. L. -
Wig W. I Dress D.6 Arms A. 9
Accessories jewellery stance S-2
Inscription
Condition Generallygood.Basemissing.Right handmostly missing- enough
remainsto seethat it wasclaspedasa fist. Crackdown left sideof
face.Someinsectdamageto insideof right shin.
Colour
Date of Discovery
Associated Items
Bibliography
comments Closestcomparisonsare:CatalogueNos. A8 1; A 115.
318
inventory No. Warsaw, National Museum, Inv. Nr. 236612 MNW
Description Torso and left arm of striding male.

Provenance Unknown
Date End of the reign of Pepi II or slightly later
wig W. I Dress D. 6 Arms A-la
Accessories Ac. 2,8 Jewellery - Stance SAa

Inscription -
Condition Missing left side of wig, right arm and body below buttocks.
Colour Traces of black and white in right eye, black on wig.
Dateof Discovery -
AssociatedItems -
Bibliography

comparisons CatalogueNos. A58; A73; A8 1; A 115.
319
B 49 PlateNo. 95 C9d PageRef. 128
Provenance Giza, tomb G 2335 A
Date End of the reign of Pepi 11or later
Statue Height 19.8 cm BaseH. W. L. 2 cm x 3.5 cm x 9.9 cm
Accessories - Jewellery - Stance SAc

Inscription -
Condition In poor condition. Broken into three pieces:body, right leg, and base
with feet. Front of left foot missing. Cracks, chips and warping all
over. Faceindistinct.
Colour -
Dateof Discovery Reisner, HUMFA 1911-13.
AssociatedItems StatueCairo JE 44613, Catalogue No. B50.
Bibliography PM 111/2,83;Smith, HESPOK, 59.
Comments Closest
comparisonsare: Catalogue
Nos. A81 and A 115.
320
B 50 PlateNo. - PageRef. 128
Provenance Giza, tomb G 2335 A

Date End of the reign of Pepi 1I or later
wjg W. I Dress D-4a Arms A. 9
Accessories - Jewellery - Stance -

Inscription -
Condition -
Colour -
Dateof Discovery Reisner, HUMFA 1911-13.
AssociatedItems Boston, MFA 13.3461, Catalogue No. B49.
Bibliography PM 111/2,83;Smith, HESPOK, 59.
Comments Possiblecomparisonscould include: Nos. A67, A68, A81, A99,

A 100,A 115.
321
Inventory No. Copenhagen,Nationalmuseet, AAb 153

Provenance Unknown
Date Pepi 11or later

Wig W. 3a. Dress D. 6 Arms A. 9
Accessories Jewellery - Stance S.4b

Inscription
Condition Missing left leg, right foot, most of baseand most of original plaster
covering.
Colour Red washvisible under plaster,no tracesof colour left on the plaster
remains.
Date of Discovery Gift of 7b. Reutzeof Wien in 1841.
Associated Items
Bibliography KutistmuseetsAarsskrift 1943,130.

comparisons CatalogueNos. A81; A 110-115.
322
Provenance Sedment,Tomb 2106 Wadjhotep

Date Last years of the reign of Pepi 11at the earliest
StatueHeight 29.5 cm BaseH. W. L. 2.5 cm x 7.2 cm x 16 cm
Accessories - jewellery - stance S-3

Inscription -
Condition Some flaking of skirt paint. Animal damage on base.Some cracking
on back and on back of left arm.
Colour Black wig, brows, pupils, outlines of eyes, nipples and navel. Base:
black top with red sides. Skin shows red traces all over. Skirt white.
Dateof Discovery Petrie/Brunton, 1920-21.
AssociatedItems 2 coffins in Uppsala; in
models Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek.
Statuewas found to the east of the sailing boat, facing south. Intact
burial.
Bibliography PM IV, 116; Petrie & Brunton, Sedinent1,7,10-11, Pl. XXVI, 4;
Koefoed-Petersen,Camlogue, 14 [15], Pl. 17.
Comments Closest comparisonsare: Catalogue Nos. A8 1, A 110-115.
323
B 53 Plate No. 97 a, b, c Page Ref. 129
Provenance Lisht?

Wig W. 3 Dress D-3a Arms A. 7e

Inscription
Condition Somecrackingon faceandfront of skirt, mostof the paint is gone,
basemissingalongwith left foot andright leg underskirt.
Colour Black skull cap.
Date of Discovery Huntley Bequest1959.
Associated Items
Bibliography
Comments Closest
compansons
are: Catalogue
Nos. A64; A65; A86.
324
inventory No. Paris, The Louvre, E 10357
Provenance Unknown - Luxor?

StatueHeight 52.7 cm BaseH. W. L. W. 13 cm x L. 29 cm
wig W. 5 Dress D-3a Arms A. I
Accessories Ac. I jewellery J-10 stance S-3

Inscription -
Condition Very good. Some chipping of the plaster layer all over.
Colour Black wig, brows, pupils, base; white in eyes, skirt, Steinkenze;dark
brown skin; necklace blue and yellow areaswith red lines, strings
yellow with red lines. Belt red lined.
Dateof Discovery Purchased 1889, Stier collection.
AssociatedItems Cf. Cairo JE 28900, Catalogue No. B55
Bibliography
Comments Closestcomparison
are:CatalogueNos. A88; A89; A93; A94;
A 108;A 109.
325
B 55 PlateNo. 98 c, d PageRer. 130
Provenance Luxor?
wig W. 5 Dress D. 3a Arms AX
Accessories - jewellery J-10 stance SA

Inscription-
Condition Much of the surface is worn, only the shoulder and hand of the right
arm are extant, only a rubbed area shows that left arm was pendant,
no way to tell how the hand was held. Missing left leg below hem,
missing right foot. Knot of skirt gone. Nose and chin broken.
Colour Black wig, brows, outlines of eyes and pupils; red skin; white whites
in eyes,fingernails, skirt; red line for belt; collar blue, red, white.
Associated Items Cf. Louvre E 10357, Catalogue No. B54
Bibliography Borchardt, Statuen 11,152-3, Pl. 48.
Comments Closest comparisons are: Catalogue Nos. A88; A89; A 108; A 109.
326
Inventory No. Oxford, Ashmolean Museum, 1896-1908 E 1881
Provenance Deshahshah
wig W. 1a Dress D. 3 Arms -
Inscription -
Condition Missing arms and left foot. Base gone. Badly cracked from the neck
through to the middle of the skirt hem. Facial features virtually gone.
Colour Traces of white covered by black on wig, white covered by pinky
colour on back, skirt and legs. Skirt then covered again by white. No
colour traceson front of statue.
AssociatedItems -
Bibliography Petrie, Deshasheh, 3 1.
Comments Closest comparisons are: Catalogue Nos. A36, A90 and A9 1.
327
B 57 PlateNo. 99 c, d PageRef. 130-131
inventory No. Boston, Museum of Fine Arts, MFA 24.609
Provenance Sheikh Farag 5202 (debris) Hagi

Date Last years of the reign of Pepi II at the earliest
StatueHeight 42.3 cm BaseH. W. L. 3.5 cm x8 cm x 19 cm
wig W. la Dress D-3a Arms A. 8b
Accessories Ac. 2,8 jewellery - stance S-1

Inscription -
Condition Badly cracked in its length both front and back. Base in terrible state.
Left foot may be a separatepiece, may be only cracked through ankle.
Back of left hand broken off. Bad crack down centre of face. Left ear
damaged.Right side of basealmost totally eatenaway. Left shoulder
cracked but originally one piece with torso.
Colour Traces of black on wig, traces of black and white on eyes and brows,
tracesof red paint all over skin and skirt; red with black on top on the
base.
Dateof Discovery HUMFA Eg. Exped.
AssociatedItems Stela, Dunham No. 20; coffin, whereabouts unknown.
Bibliography Dunham, Naga ed Deir Stelae, 33-35, No. 20; Smith, HESPOK, 94;
Brovarski, LA IV, 307.
Comments Closest comparisonsare: Catalogue Nos. A90 and A91.
328
B 58 Plate No. 100 Page Ref. 131-132
Inventory No. Neuchdtel, Mus6e d'Ethnographie. Eg. 425

Provenance Saqqara, Ptolemaic tomb near Djoser complex, lby
Date Last years of the reign of Pepi R at the earliest
StatueHeight 103 cm. BaseH. W. L. 7 cm x 17.5 cm x 4.9 cm
wig W-5 Dress D. 2c Arms A. 3
Inscription Three horizontal lines of damaged carved hieroglyphs:

' wtv tnýi
(1) sýOwA -bi'h, smr-wety hn -1 b (2) imi -r S/1 Lirp
-r
Inmy (3) k3h hr PtýI-Skr Itiy
Condition Badly cracked and fissured along the grain, especially on the right leg
and around the shoulders. The base appears to be of a softer wood
and is in poor condition.
Colour Black wig, white skirt, red skin.
Date of Discovery Firth, 1925.
Associated items Part of a cache of 12 statues belonging to this man. Four others have
been located: Neuch5tel Eg. 424; MMA 27.9.3; 27.9.4; 27.9.5.
(Catalogue Nos. B59-62).
'Firth, ASAE 26 (1926), 97-101; PM 111/2,651; Gunn. MSS XXIL
Bibliography
18, text; XXII, 36 [left]; XXII, 93 [left].
Comments Closest comparison is Catalogue No. A92.
329
B 59 PlateNo. 97 d PageRef. 131-132
Provenance Saqqara, Ptolemaic tomb near Djoser complex, llýy

Date Last years of Pepi 11at the earliest
wig W. 3 Dress D. 3a Arms A. la
Accessories Ac. 2 Jewellery - Stance SA

Inscription -
Condition Covered in small cracks, one large one from crown of head to waist.
Feet and basemissing, nipples and knot missing, left hand missing;
paint on skirt mostly gone.
Colour Wig black; reddish orange skin; traces of white on skirt.
Associateditems Part of a cache of 12 statuesbelonging to this man. Four others have
been located: Neuch1tel Eg. 424,425; MMA 27.9.4,27.9.5.
(Catalogue Nos. 1358,60-62).
Bibliography Firth, ASAE 26 (1926); PM 111/2,651; Hayes, Scepter 1,112; Gunn,
MSS XXII, 18 (text); XXII, 37 [right].
Comments Closest comparisons are: Catalogue Nos. A56; A57; A62; A76; A85.
330
B 60 PlateNo. 97 e, f PageRef. 131-132
Inventory No. Neuchatel, Mus6e d'Ethnographie, Eg. 424
Provenance Saqqara,Ptolemaic tomb near Djoser complex, llýy

wig W. 3 Dress D-3a Arms A. 6a
Accessories Ac. 2 Jewellery - stance SA

Inscription -
Condition Missing feet, base,and left arm. Right leg separatelyattached. Long
deep cracks following the grain all over, especially on the back.
Colour Black wig, white skirt, red skin.
AssociatedItems Part of a cache of 12 statues belonging to this man. Four others have
been located: Neuchatel Eg. 425; MMA 27.9.3; 27.9.4; 27.9.5.
(Catalogue Nos. B58-59,61-62).
Bibliography Firth, ASAE 26 (1926); PM 111/2,651; Gunn, MSS XXII, 18 (text);
XXII, 37 [left].
Comments -
331
B 61 PlateNo. 101a, b, c PageRef. 131-132

Provenance Saqqara,Ptolemaic tomb near Djoser complex, lhy
wig W. 8 Dress D. 2c Arms A. 3b
Accessories Ac. 2 jewellery - stance S.3

Inscription -
Condition Generally good. Missing base (extant in Gunn's photograph), and left
foot. Some damageto left shoulder. Some cracking on the left side of
the skirt.
Colour Wig and outlines of eyes black; rest of statuered. No trace of white
on skirt.
Associated items Part of a cache of 12 statuesbelonging to this man. Four others have
been located: Neuchatel Eg. 424,425; M MA
617.9.3,27.9.4.
(Catalogue Nos. 1358-60,62).
BibliographyFirth, ASAE 26 (1926); PM 111/2,651; Hayes, Scepter 1,11 2; Gunn,
MSS XXII, 18 (text); XXII, 36 [right]; XXII 93 [right].
Comments Closest comparison is: Catalogue No. A 126.
332
B 62 PlateNo. 101 d, e PageRef. 131-1321
inventory No. New York, Metropolitan Museum of Art, MMA 27.9.4
Provenance Saqqara, Ptolemaic tomb near Djoser complex, 1ýy

wig W. 8a Dress D. 2c Arms A. 3
Accessories Ac. 2 jewellery - stance SA

Inscription -
Condition Upper part of the statue is in a better condition than the lower.
Cracked through the head from top right going across through nose,
mouth and chin into neck and chest. Lower legs in poor condition,
missing below mid-calf.
Colour Black wig; tracesof white on skirt; skin stained red although paint
gone.
AssociatedItems Part of a cache of 12 statues belonging to this man. Four others have
been located: NeuchAtelEg. 424,425; MMA 27.9.3; 27.9.5.
(Catalogue Nos. B5 8-6 1).
Bibliography Firth, ASAE 26 (1926); PM 111/2,651; Hayes, Scepter 1,112; Gunn,
MSS XXII, 18 (text); XXII, 94 [left].
Comments -
333
Provenance Unknown
StatueHeight 51.5 cm BaseH. IV. L.
wig W. 8 Dress D. 2a Arms A. la
Accessories Ac. 2 Jewellery Stance SA

Inscription
Condition Much surface damage to face and left leg, most of right arm gone.
Base may not be original.
Colour Black on wig, brows and around eyes, red on body.
Dateof Discovery 1859, Sammlung von Huber.
AssociatedItems -
Bibliography Borchardt, StatuenL 95-6, PI. 126.

comparisons CatalogueNos. A93, A94, A 126.
334
Inventory No. Chicago, Field Museum of Natural History, Inv. No. 30104
Provenance Unknown
Statue Height 49 cm BaseIt. W. L. -
Wig W. la Dress D. 2f Arms A. 9a
Accessories jewellery stance S-4b

Inscription
Condition Poor.Right handsidebadly insectdamaged.Right arm missing.Left
leg andboth feet gone.
Colour
Date of Discovery Gift of EdwardAyer July 25,1894.
Associated Items
Bibliography
comments Closestcompansonsare:CatalogueNos. A36; A53; A99; A 104.

0
335
Inventory No. Uppsala, Victoria Museum, VM 177
Provenance Unknown
StatueHeight 29cm BaseH. W. L. -

wig W-5 Dress D. 6 Arms A-6a
Accessories Jewellery - Stance SA

Inscription
Condition Missing left arm. Feet in poor condition, base gone. Surface of skirt
rubbed away revealing that it was made of plaster covered linen.
Colour White skirt, black wig, red skin, traces of black on carved brows and
around eyes.
Dateof Discovery -
AssociatedItems -
Bibliography -
Comments Closest comparisonsare: Catalogue Nos. A72; A 110-114; A 116.
336
B 66 Plate No. 103 c, d Page Rer. 133
inventory No. Unknown N90
Provenance Naga ed-Der N90, Gegi

Cý
Statue Height 55 cm approx. Base H. W. L.

Inscription Two baseswere found in the tomb, each inscribed with two
horizontallines of hieroglyphs. -
hn,
left: (1) smr WIty -hb (2) 163hw hr ntr U Ggl"
(1) bny-r hnty-l (2) i'm3hu, Gg!
right: smr uýýhq-hb
Condition Missing left arm and leg, badly cracked on right sideof face.Cracks
0
and fissures all over statue.
Colour
Dateof Discovery
Associated Items It is not possible to tell from the photograph which base belongs to
this statue, so both have been dealt with. [From Saqqara tomb, now
in Cairo: false door CG 1455; six seated stone statues CG 70-75. ]
Bibliography PM HI/2,691; Brovarski, 1-4 IV, 306; Harpur, Decoration, 18.
Comments This man probably also owned a tomb at Saqqara. Closest parallels
are: Catalogue Nos. A81 and A 115.
W4olllaiq
left
right (Pl. 103d)
337
Inventory No. Edinburgh, Royal Scottish Museum, RSM 1921.1662
Provenance Sedment, Tomb of Mertetes

Statue Height 23 cm Base H. W. L. 2.3 cm x5 cm x 9.2 cm
wig Wf. 2a Dress Df. 3 Arms AL3

Inscription -
Condition Appears to be in pristine condition but the paint work is modem.
Colour Skin yellow; hair, eyes, brows, nipples, navel, pubic hair, baseblack.
white inside eyes. Sides of base red. All paint is modem.
AssociatedItems RSM 1921.1660a, pair of offering bearers.
Bibliography Petrie & Brunton, Sedinent 1,7,12, Pls. XXV1,2; XXXLX-,
Breasted,Eg)ptian Senant Statues,94[3].
Comments Closest comparisons are: Catalogue Nos. A32; A 117; At 19-125.
338
Provenance Saqqara South


Inscription -
Condition Large part of the left side missing, otherwise in very good state.
Detail of carving is clear. Line across knees shows where she was
broken and is now mended.
Colour Black wig.
AssociatedItems -
Bibliography Jequier, Le Monumentfunimire de Pepi 11,111,34[8], fig. 14; PM

HI/2,429.

Nos. A32; A 117.
339
B 69 Plate No. 105 a, b Page Rer. 134
Inventory No. New York, Metropolitan Museum of Art, MMA 58.1 25.3
Provenance Unknown

Wig WfA Dress Df. 3 Arms Af. 3
Accessories jewellery Stance Sf.2

Inscription
Condition Left arm in poorconditionas is the right sideof the face- mostof the
shiny surfacegone.Missing base.
Colour Black wig, spacebetweenfeet alsoblack.
Date of Discovery Dick Fund, 1958
Associated Items
Bibliography MMA Guide, 94, fig. 16.
Comments Closestcomparisonsare:CatalogueNos. A 119,A 120,A 122,A 125.
340
B 70 Plate No. 106 a, b PageRef. 134
Provenance Akhmim

Wig Wf. 7 Dress Df. 3 Arms ALI
Accessories Ac. 13 Jewellery J-11 Stance Sf.2

Inscription
Condition Missing both arms,feet andbase,bum markson right leg andright
anklebadly burned.
Colour Black wig, eyes,circle on right bead
cheek, nipples,navel,
necld-ace,
pubic triangle,andsandals.
Associated Items
Bibliography PM V, 25; Kanawati,El HawavvishVII, 57, Pl. 19a;Borchardt,
Statuen1,148, Pl. 46.
Comments Closestcomparisonsare:CatalogueNos. A 119,A 120,A 122,A 125.
0
341
inventory No. New Haven, Yale University Art Gallery, YAG 1956.33.48
Provenance Unknown
wig Wfi4b Dress Df. 3 Arms Af. 3

Inscription -
Condition Poor. Paint and plaster falling off everywhere. Base missing. Nose
missing. Cracked on left side and restored with a piece of wood of a
different type.
Colour Paint over plaster - white and yellow and covered in red paint. Black
wig, brows, eyes black and white.
Dateof Discovery Gift of Mr and Mrs F. Olsen, 1956.
AssociatedItems -
Bibliography Scott, Ancient Egyptian Art at Yale, 199 No. 157.

comparisons CatalogueNos. A 119,A 120,A 122,A 125.
342
Invýntory No. London, Petrie Museum, UC 16658
Provenance Unknown

Accessories - Jewellery - stance Sf.2

Inscription -
Condition Much of the surface paint and detail is gone. Base gone, fronts of feet
gone. Fingers of right hand broken.
Colour Traces of black on wig and pubic triangle, red on skin.
Dateor Discovery -
AssociatedItems -
Bibliography Page, Egyptimi Sculpture, 17 No. 19.
Comments Closest
compansons
are: CatalogueNos. A 119,A 120,A 122,A 125.
343
Inventory No. Kansas City, Nelson Atkins Museum of Art, Inv. No. 33.1400
Provenance Unknown

Wig Wf. 3a Dress Df. 3 Arms Af. 3
Accessories Jewellery Stance Sf.2

Inscription
Condition Very badlycrackedandbroken,especiallyarms.Featuresblurred.
Knot holesvisible on left breastandon backof head.
Colour
Date of Discovery
Associated Items
Bibliography
Comments Closestcomparisonsare:CatalogueNos. A 121; A 123;A 124.
344
Inventory No. Copenhagen,Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek, iElN 3
Provenance Unknown
StatueHeight 45 cm BaseH. W. L. 5.1cm x 12.1 cm x 22.5 cm

Inscription -
Condition Covered in series of bad cracks, some have been mended in modem
times. Made entirely from one piece except for face.
Colour Black on wig and red all over body and base. Some traces of white
on skirt.
Dateof Discovery Purchased in Cairo in 1894.
AssociatedItems -
Bibliography Mogensen, La collection, 46-47 [A55], PI. XIII; Schmidt, Katalog

1908,50, E6; Koefoed-Petersen,Catalogue, 10 [7], PI. 9.
Comments Closest
parallelis Catalogue
No. A 126.
345
B 75 PlateNo. 108 a PageRef. 135
Inventory No. Marseille, Mus6e Borely, Inv. 217
Provenance Giza
Accessories Ac. 1,2 Jewellery - Stance S.3

Inscription -
Condition Some insect damageto right arm, left leg and right foot broken
through, nipples missing, base missing.
Colour -
Dateof Discovery Clot Bey collection, 1830-60
AssociatedItems -
Bibliography PM 111/2,304;Nelson, Catalogue, 24,25, No. 17, P1.20.
Comments Closest comparison is Catalogue No. A 126.
346
CATALOGUE C
347
CI Plate No. 108 b Page Ref. 136
inventory No. Saqqara Magazine Excav. No. 35 13-26[42 1
Description Torso and legs of striding male

0
Provenance Saqqara, Sacred Animal Necropolis tomb 3513
Date Dynasty V
Statue Height 137 cm Base H. W. L. 9 cm x 31 cm x 81 cm
Wig Dress D. 2k Arms -

Accessories Jewellery - Stance S. 3
Inscription Base inscribed with one vertical line extant, and traces of another
s3b cd-mr, wr [ind §mrivl, ýtry s§6, [AVn1 k(n)nzwt, [wd]-indiv n
ýztyw-wdb*t 3-sn (after Martin)
Condition Upper part of statue consisting of head, shoulders and arms
completely destroyed by white ants and weather. Some damage to the
base by white ants.
Colour Reddish skin, white toenails, white skirt.

Date of Discovery Emery, 1964-6 [Martin, 1964-73].
Associated Items Offering table excav. no. 3513-25[420]; false door stela excav. no.
3513-27[424].
Bibliography Martin, SAN, 114, Pl. 41 No. 1598; Id., Hetepka, 21, Pl. 22 No. 15.
Comments
C=
ELI
9.
C= 44
348
C2 PlateNo. 109 a, b, c PageRef. 136-137
Provenance Saqqara,M XVI Anu

Date Dynasty VI - Pepi 11or later
wig W. 3 Dress D. 3 Arms A. 6a
Inscription One horizontal line of white painted hieroglyphs on the base:

(1) ý3ty-f I'MA [fnlw
Condition Missing left arm and most of painted surface, but gold leaf covering
the skirt is virtually intact.
Colour Trace of black on right eyebrow, right nipple and top of base.Sides
of base red. Inscription white. Trace of yellow on sceptre.
Dateof Discovery Jdquier, 1932
AssociatedItems Two coffins (cf. Willems, Chests of Life, Sq20X).
BibliographyPM 111/2,685;Jequier, ASAE 34 (1934), 79; 35 (1935), 147-55
Dittmann, MDAIK 6 (1936), 162; Baer, Rank and Title, 63 [84];
Willems, Chestsof Life, 186-7; Kanawati, Administration, [54], 23.
Comments The closestpamBel in Catalogue B is B58.
349
C3 PlateNo. 109 d, e PageRef. 137
inventory No. Cambridge, Fitzwilliam Museum, 40-1937
Provenance Unknown
Date End of the reign of Pepi 11or slightly later?
StatueHeight 56 cm BaseH. W. L. 6 cm x 11.5 cm x 22.5
Accessories Ac. 3 Jewellery J-1 Stance S-2

Inscription
-
Condition Generally good. Some cracking of the plaster especially on skirt.
Colour Black wig, outlines of eyes, pupils, brows; white skirt, toenails; black
nipples with brown surrounds; brown navel; reddish skin; red base.
Dateof Discovery Ricketts and Shannon collection.
AssociatedItems -
Bibliography AllforArt, 24[11], Pl. 4.
Comments The closestparallel is C2.
350
C4 PlateNo. 108 c, d PageRef. 137-138
inventory No. Copenhagen,Nationalmuseet, 7531
Provenance Sedment 2127, Nakhtkawi

Accessories AC-15 Jewellery - Stance S.3

Inscription
-
Condition Excellent. There is some plaster chipped away from the right
shoulder and some damage to the right front edge of the wig.
Colour Mostly in perfect condition. Black wig, brows, nipples, navel,
outlines of eyes, pupils; white finger- and toenails, whites of eyes;
skin yellow; base perhaps shows traces of black.
Dateof Discovery Petrie/Brunton, 1920-1.
AssociatedItems Nationalmuseet 7545: offering bearers; Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek AEIN
1585-6: coffins, domestic scene,two boats, granary.
Bibliography Petrie & Brunton, Sedinent 1,7,12-13, Pl. XXVI, 1; PM IV, 116.
Comments -
351
C5 PlateNo. 110a, b PageRef. 138
inventory No. Cairo, Egyptian Museum, JE 28992; CG 228; SR 167
Provenance Akhmim
wig Wf. 2b Dress Df. 3 Arms Af. 2
Accessories Ac. 4,13 Jewellery J-7,12 Stance Sf.2

Inscription
-
Condition Missing right pupil, right arm and both feet. Otherwise in very good
condition.
Colour Black wig, sandals; vulva indicated by black line; naval shown by a
trace of blue?;jewellery red, green-blue and black.
AssociatedItems -
Bibliography PM V, 25; Borchardt, Stcauen1,150, Pl. 47; Kanawati, El ffinvmvish
VII, 57, Pl. 19c.
Comments Closest comparison is Catalogue No. B68.
352
C6 PlateNo. 110c, d PageRef. 138
Provenance Akhmim
wig Wf. 6 Dress Df. 3 A rms ALI
Accessories AcA Jewellery - Stance Sf. 2

Inscription
-
Condition Missing arms, left eye, feet and base. Most of the original paint and
is
plaster gone.
Colour Black: wig, line from navel to top of pubic area; pubic triangle is
black outlined in black and has traces of blue and white plaster inside.
Red traces in eyesocketand on right buttock, white tracesaround
edge of wig.
AssociatedItems -
Bibliography PM V, 25; Borchardt, Statuen 1,149, Pl. 47; Kanawati, El Hawaivish
VII, 57, Pl. 19b.
Comments
353
C7 PlateNo. 110e Page Ret. 138
Inventory No. Manchester, The Manchester Museum, No. 4230
Description Torso of nude female
Provenance Unknown
Wig Wf2a Dress Df. 3 Arms Af. I
Accessories jewellery Stance Sf. 2
Inscription
Condition Missing armsand legsbelow knees.No traceof the paintedsurface
remains.Cracksand fissuresall over.
Colour
Date of Discovery
Associated Items
Bibliography
Comments Closestcomparisonis CatalogueNo. B71.
354
C8 PlateNo. 112 a, b PageRef. 138
Inventory No. Unknown N92
Provenance Naga ed-Der N92
Date End of the Old Kingdom or later

StatueHeight 36 cm (approx.) BaseH. W. L. -
wig W-1 Dress D. 2f Arms -
Inscription -
Condition Missing arms, base, and legs from mid-calf. Cracks and fissures all
over.
Colour No tracesvisible on photocopy.
Dateof Discovery -
AssociatedItems -
Bibliography
Comments
355
C9 PlateNo. 111a Page Ref. 139-140
Inventory No. Berkeley, Phoebe Hearst Museum of Anthropology, PHMA 6-19768
Description Striding nude boy, uncircumcised
Provenance Giza G 1152 Burial Chamber
Date -
Statue Height 78 cm Base H. W. L.
wig W. 3 Dress D. 4b Arms A. 17a
Inscription -
Condition Covered in layer of wax either modem or ancient. Left arm now
missing, both legs below the knees missing. No paint traces
discernible.
Colour No traces. The piece is very dark in shade but whether this is wax,
colour or wood is not possible to say.
Date of Discovery Reisner/Hearst/University of California expedition, 1903-5.
Associated Items -
Bibliography PM, 111/2,56; Schafer & Andrae, Kunst, 232,1;
Elsasser/Fredrickson, Ancient Egypt, 66, Pl. 2; Lutz, Sultues, 16, No.
24b; Fazzini, Imagesfor Eternhýl, 36, No. 26.
Comments -
356
C 10 PlateNo. 111b PageRef. 139-140
Description Nude boy, right leg very sightly advanced, uncircumcised.
Provenance Giza
Date -
wig W. 3b Dress D. 4b Arms A. 17
Accessories - jewellery - Stance S-8
Inscription -
Condition Generally good but many cracks all over piece. Missing right foot
and shin and base. Right foot is slightly forward. Only the peg hole
of a sidelock on the right side of the head remains.
Colour Black wig, brows, outlines of eyes, pupils; white whites; red-brown
skin.
Dateof Discovery -
AssociatedItems -
Bibliography PM/111,304.
Comments
357
C 11 PlateNo. 111c, d PageRef. 139-140
Description Standing nude boy, uncircumcised.
Provenance Unknown
Date -
wig W. 3b Dress D. 4b Arms A. 15
Accessories - Jewellery J-1,2 Stance S.7

Inscription -
Condition Some damageto left side, most of right foot gone, base missing.
Some surface cracking. Once had sidelock on right side of head.
Colour -
Dateof Discovery -
AssociatedItems --
Bibliography Borchardt, Statuen1,108-9, PI. 33.
Comments
358
C 12 Plate No. 111 e Page Ref. 139-140
inventory No. Turin, Museo Egizio, Inv. No. ?
Description Striding nude boy
Provenance Unknown
Date -
Statue Height 50? cm Base H. W. L.
wig W. 3b Dress D. 4b Arms A. 12a
Accessories Jewellery - Stance SA

-
Inscription -
Condition Very eaten by termites, right arm may be a replacement. Most of
painted surface gone. Peg on right side of head indicates that it once
had a sidelock.
Colour Traces of red on some of the plaster surfaces, black on head.

Date of Discovery -
Associated Items -
Bibliography
Comments
359
C 13 Plate No. 112 c Page Ref. 140
Inventory No. New Haven, Yale University Art Gallery, YAG 1957.7.18
Description Front part of head of male statue
Provenance Unknown
Date Old Kingdom?
Statue Height 20.7 cm 10.8 Base H. W. L. -

wig W. 1c Dress Arms
-
Accessories AcA Jewellery - Stance
Inscription -
Condition Very battered but the quality of the wood and the carving is still
evident. The inlaid eyes are now missing.
Colour -
Date of Discovery Gift of Mr Fred Olsen, 1957.
Associated Items -
Bibliography
Comments Possiblecomparisonsmay be CatalogueNos. A5, A 13andB 16.
360
C 14 Plate No. 112 d, e Page Ref. 140
Description Head and part of chest and shoulders of male.
Provenance Saqqara Burial No. 33. Near mastaba of Kagemni
Date Dynasty VI ?

Wig WAd Dress Arms A. 11
-
Inscription
Condition Very wom and cracked on the lower area of what is extant. Bad crack
through back of head, very frayed lower edge.
Colour Traces of black paint around the eyes.
Date of Discovery Firth and Gunn, 1921-22.
Associated Items
Bibliography Firth andGunn,Teti Pyramid Cemeteries1,39; 11,Pl. 19 [C]; PM

111/2,544.
Comments Possible are

comparisons Nos.
Catalogue A59 and A 100.
361
C 15 Plate No. 112 f Page ReL 140
Provenance Luxor
Date VI?

Wig W. 9 Dress D. 5 Arms
Inscription
Condition Poor:badlycrackedaroundheadanddown body; largecrackand
hole in left sideof head,knot-holesin right temple;crackruns down
backto left hip. Left leg missingbelow kneeandcrackedoff from
thigh on outside.Front part of right foot gone.
Colour
Date of Discovery 1890?
Associated Items -
Bibliography Borchardt, Statuen 1,149, P1.47; Shoukry, SASAE 15,92 n. 4; 104 n.
2.
Comments -
362
CHAPTER 7.
Conclusions
The fulcrum of the typological study of wooden statues from the Old Kingdom is
Catalogue A. Here, statueswhich have external dating material have been gathered
togetherinto a singlegroupfor the first time. Tomb groupshavebeenreunited,published
andunpublished materialhasbeen re-examined and bibliographies
reassessed, havebeen
listed, photographshavebeensupplied,and,last but not least,a chronologicalfeaturelist
hasbeencompiled.
The featurelist consistsof six sections,threeof which haverevealedthemselvesto
be chronologicallysignificantwhen takenin conjunctionwith eachother (Wigs, Dress,
Arms), either all three,or combinationsof any two. The other three sections,(Stance,
Accessories,Jewellery),aremuch moreproneto subjectivity (Stance),or the accidentof
preservation(Jewellerywas often indicatedon a paintedor plasteredsurface which has
not survived, and Accessorieswereparticularly vulnerableas they were often separate
piecesof wood),and have thereforenot beenusedas datingcriteria.
CatalogueB is a group of statueswhich hasbeenarrangedchronologicallyon the
basisof the correspondance of their featureswith thosefrom the statuesin CatalogueA.
Previous to this study, none of these statueshad been datable as none of them is
associatedwith materialwhich has been studied by others,for example,pottery, or has
an archaeologicalcontextwhich canbe dated.Each statue was studiedindividually and its
featureswerelisted.The threechronologicallysignificantfeatureswere thencomparedto
the list given in Appendix 3, and a date assignedto them on the basis of the earliest
occurrence of the particular combination of features relevant to each statue. As an
example of this, let us take statue No. B 10, a pair statue which has beenin the Louvre
since 1826.The male in the pair hasfeaturesW. 4a, D.2a, and A. 2b, a combinationwhich
hasparallelsfrom the reign of Unas up to the reign of Pepi 11.The female hasfeatures
Wf. 1, Df. 2, and Af-4, a combinationof featureswhich doesnot appearafter the reign of
Unas.The pair is thereforeto be datedto the reign of Unas.CatalogueNo. B 18 is only
the headandshouldersof a statue,but it too canbe datedon comparisonwith the features
from CatalogueA. It is wearing wig W. 1b. The earliest occurrenceof this wig is on
CatalogueNo. A46 and datesto the period from the reign of Pepi I into the reign of
363
Merenre. Finally, let us take Catalogue No. B26. This is a striding male in the
Rijksmuseumvan Oudhedenin Leiden. Its featuresare W. 3, D.3a and A. 8, which are
matched by two statues in Catalogue A, Nos. A56 and A57. These statuesdate to the
first half of the reign of Pepi 11,andthereforethat is the dateassignedto CatalogueNo.
B26. The majority of the statuesin CatalogueB areunpublished,andthe discussions,the
photographs,andthe bibliographiespresentedhere are the resultsof a re-examinationof
each individual statue.
Inevitablytherearestatueswhich havefeatureswhich do not haveparallelswith the
statuesfrom Catalogue A. In someinstancesthese can
statues be paralleledwith features
from statuesin CatalogueB. The datesthen assignedmust be consideredtentative,as
they are two stepsremoved from the basic criteria. A very few statues,five or six at
most, have no parallels with either Catalogue A or Catalogue B but are nevertheless
includedhere.The statuesfrom CataloguesA, B andC togethermakeup ascompletea
corpus of Old Kingdom wooden statues as it was possible to compile. It was not
possible to include material from recentexcavationsas yet for
unpublished, example,
from the Czechexcavationsat Abusir.
The materialin this study is only a part of the materialgatheredby me in the courseof
the years.The studyof First IntermediatePeriodandMiddle Kingdom statues,aswell as
female offering bearers,has had to be postponedtill a later date,but the conclusions
drawn here may afford a useful starting-pointfor their analysis.Initial researchalready
shows some marked differences in the way in which the statues were viewed, for
example, the texts on Middle Kingdom statues often include the offering formula,
indicatinga changein the functionof the statues.Thefemaleoffering bearerappearsto be
a useful sourceof bridging material between the early First IntermediatePeriodand the
Middle Kingdom. It is clear that the function of tomb statuesunderwenta fundamental
change between the Old Kingdom and the Middle Kingdom, but the evolution of the
associatedfemaleoffering bearersis traceable,andthusit should be possibleto placethe
moreradicaldevelopments
into their correctsequence.
Every yearnew excavationsdiscoverfreshmaterialfrom a wide rangeof sitesanddates.

It is entirely possiblethat a tomb datableto the Old Kingdom will be discoveredwhich
haswoodenstatuesamongstits burial equipment.If the discoveryis madewith a secure
the the
archaeologicalcontext, new materialcan only enhance featurelist and Catalogue
364
A, andperhapsenableus to asignmoreexactdatesto the statuesin CataloguesB andC.
If the materialis without a datablecontext,thenit canbe assigneda dateon the basisof a
comparisonof the features with the featurelist derivedfrom CatalogueA, an additional
datingtool in the handsof excavatorsandmuseumcuratorsalike.
365
APPENDIX 1.
The Inscriptions
Fifty-one statuesin the corpus are inscribed with the names and titles of the tomb
owner, although they are not all equally well-preserved.All but one of the titles and all of
the names are known from Old Kingdom sources.637 They are nearly always
other
inscribed on the basesof the statues; in one case the side seam of the wrap-over kilt is
inscribed (Catalogue No. A6) in addition to the base, on another two statues(Catalogue
Nos. A33 and A35) it is the belt which is inscribed, and Catalogue No. A35 also has an
inscribed sceptre.
Kanawati divides Old Kingdom titles into three categories:638Higher, Middle and
Lower, listing the titles which are characteristicof eachlevel and thus are indicators of the
rank of the official. Baer usesthe title sequencesof each official to determine his rank, a
is
method which not possible in the majority of the cases discussed here as rarely are
more than one or two titles listed. Strudwick divides the titles into their respective
departments, for example, the Granary, the Treasury, etc. His sources are the title
sequencesof the Viziers and other Higher officials. The statues discussed here include
many of the Middle and Lower ranks and therefore some of the titles do not appear in
Strudwick's book.
Very few Viziers are the owners of statues in the corpus. In general it is the less
high-ranking officials which have supplied themselves with wooden statues, although
this could be a result of the accident of preservation. Four Viziers have statues in the
corpus, Rashepses, Catalogue No. A8, from the reign of Isesi; Senedjemib Mehi,
Catalogue Nos. A 12 and A 13, from the reign of Unas; Meryre-Ima Pepi-Ima, Catalogue
No. A57, early Pepi11;andDjadjaemankh,CatalogueNo. A58, early to mid Pepi11.
Noneof the inscriptionsprovidedatingcriteria,althougha closeexaminationof the
useof the phraseIM3ýw ýr revealswhat may be consideredto be a progression.This
will be discussed,andwill be followed by a summarylisting of the titles encountered.
637 The
majority of the titles appear in one or more of the following publications: Helck,
Beamtentiteln; Strudwick, Administration; Kanawati, Administration; id., Reforms; Baer, Rank
and Title.
638 Administration, 3,15,23,
and 27.
366
a
The phrase m36w ýr
The inscriptions on nineteenof the fifty statuesinclude the phrase im3titv 1jr followed by
f,
nb. tar, ntr "3, or by the name of a god and an epithet. In one case the phrase is
followed by itf and by mwt.f. There appears to be a progression in the use of the
phrase:
No statuesfrom before the reign of Unas use Atn3tiwin any of its forms.
S
Wý(w) hr nb.f
The phrase bn3h(w) tir nb.f appears on one statue from the reign of Unas (Catalogue
Nos. A 15) andonefrom the Unas/Tetiperiod(CatalogueNo. A35).
lir
nb i'M3ý ntr `3
One statueis inscribed with this phrase.Catalogue No. A35 datesto the Unas/Teti
period.
P
Im Aw h,r n-tr
One statueis inscribedwith this phrase.CatalogueNo. B8 is datedto the reign of Unas.
It is possiblethat this phraseshouldbe restoredin the inscriptionof CatalogueNo. A27.
im3hw
Im hr h.
flimAw hr f
mwt.
This pair of phrases appears on the base of Catalogue No. A35, which dates to the
Unas/Tetiperiod.
JO
imAw hr ntr 113
. ,-
Ten statues are inscribed with this phrase'639 beginning in the reign of Pepi I and
Old Kingdom. 640 Catalogue No. B67, right, is
continuing through to the end of the
damaged just after hn3hw, hr ntr 13is probably to be restored here, even though the
available spaceis somewhat small for it. It is possible that Catalogue No. A27 originally
had this phraseas well, but as it dates to the reign of Unas, somewhat earlier than its first
it
occurrence, less
seems likely above.CatalogueNo. A 126
thanthe alternativesuggested
639 In (Catalogue No. A44) AmAw is written.
one case im3h(w) rather than
640 Catalogue Nos. A40-42,54-5,58,77 126, and B67, left.
367
is the statueof a female but despitethis, the masculineform I'M'3ttwis usedwith the
feminine nameand titles. Cf. Smith, HESPOK, 95; the readinghasbeenconfirmed by
E. Brovarsk-i(private communication).
im w, r npw
Three statuesare inscribed with this phrase.CatalogueNo. A41 datesto the reign of Pepi
1, Catalogue Nos. B40 and A77 date to the end of the reign of Pepi 11.Catalogue No.
A77 actually has the phraseim3hw hr ntr '3 hr 'Inpw.
3,
P
im3jiw ýr'lnpw tpi 4w.f
Two statueshave this epithet added to the name Inpw. Catalogue Nos. A43 and A44
both dateto the reignof Pepi1.
a
IM3ýw ýr nsw
One statue,CatalogueNo. A44, dating to the reign of Pepi 1, uses this phrase.
im3ltw ýr Mir
vý
One statue,Catalogue No. A44, dating to the reign of Pepi 1, uses this phrase.
Im
int3hw hr Wstr nb t3 dsr
One statue,CatalogueNo. A77, dating to the end of the reign of Pepi H, uses this phrase.
P
WIm ýr Pt#-Skr
Two statues,Catalogue Nos. A88 and B59, use this phrase.They both date to the end of
the reign of Pepi 11at the earliest.
.1
Wýw NN
One statue (CatalogueNo. B42) appearsto have i'M36wimmediately preceding the
name of the deceased, but as the relevantsectionis virtually illegible on the published
photograph it is difficult to be sure.According to Kanawati, the damaged signs following
641
the word k3ýw are to reads43w-n&, but he doesnot supportthis statementby
be
giving a hand copy and the traceson the published photographdo not appearto be in
agreementwith it (seethe handcopy on the Cataloguesheet).The statuehasbeendated
641 CL Kanawati, EI-Hawawish X, 21-22, Pl. 5c.
368
to the end of the reign of Pepi 11.CatalogueNo. C2, has k3h without the initial i and
without the w, and immediately precedesthe nameof the deceased,althoughonly traces
of the nameremain. This is a known Old Kingdom form. 642The suggesteddateof the
statueis the end of the reign of Pepi 11at the earliest.
The titles
The titles arelisted in alphabeticalorderandthe CatalogueNos. and datesof the statues

with the title in question are given at the end of each entry. A handcopy and a
transcriptionof the full inscriptionof eachstatueis givenon the relevantcataloguesheet.
A knumt 643
iwn
This title is first known in DynastyIV. It is a legaltitle but its exactmeaningis unknown.
One statue,Catalogue No. C I, has this title. It datesto Dynasty V.
11 At 644
imy-r
'Overseerof the fields, an administrative title known from the end of the Old Kingdom.
Two statueshavethis title, CatalogueNos. A90 and A97, both from the tomb of Tjeteti,
which datesto the lastyearsof Pepi11at the earliest.
A 645
inty-r w1bwShint
W
'Overseer of Sekhmet priests', a medical title. 646One statue has this title, CatalogueNo.
A 15, which datesto the reign of Unas.
I t3647
imy-r wpt pr
Helck, Vallogia and Kanawati translate this title as'Overseer of Royal Commissions'. It
is not attested before Dynasty IV and is connected to the provincial administration. It
642Wb.1,82.
643 Helck, Beanitentiteln,74,112
n. 5; Strudwick,Administration, 178. Wb.1,53.
644 Helck, Beanitentiteln,70.
ý
645 Von Kdnel, Les
pr&res-oubb, 1-4.
6460P. X11j.
cit.,
647 Helck, Beamtentiteln, 81-2; Kanawati, Reforms, index
s.v; Wb. 1,303; Valloggia,
Recherches,29-41; Martin-Pardey,SAK 11 (1984), 231-251.
369
appears to be more of a ranking title than one with a specific occupation.648Kanawati
lists it as a title of Lower officials. It is concerned with the carrying out of royal
commissions and can thus be applied to a wide range of officials. Martin-Pardey, on the
other hand, suggests a completely different translation for ini),-r wpt, 'Overseer of the
division', that is, the official responsible for the reallocation of field boundaries in the
nomes after the innundation had subsided. As a title it was used in Dynasties IV and V,
and in Dynasty VI was replaced by I'My-r s1w 3ýt, 'overseer of the scribes of the
field'. 649The differentiation between the two titles is based on the determinative, either
one or three bookrolls, the former being the 'overseerof divisions', the latter Ioverseerof
commissions'. Unfortunately, the only statue to bear this title in the corpus has a
damaged text, but it seemsclear that no bookroll at all is present. Thus it is not certain
which translation is appropriate in this instance.The phrasepr 113

on our example would
perhaps incline the evidence towards the 'overseer of royal commissions', but it could
also indicate that a separate official from the court supervised the resetting of the
boundaries of royal lands in the nomes, that is, an 'overseer of the royal division'. One
statuehas this title, CatalogueNo. A6, which dates to the end of the reign of Nyuserre or
slightly later. This date is in agreementwith Martin-Pardey's timescale for the title Anky-r
uptý50
v
imy. r b4(?) wfbt
One statue,CatalogueNo. A45, has this title. It datesto the transition period of the reigns
of Pepi I and Merenre. It is not certain that this is the correct reading. The titles listed in
the tomb do not include any that could be this one, nor does such a title appear in the
publications.
0
imy-rpw
One statue,CatalogueNo. A27, dating to the reign of Unas, has this title. It is very
clearly drawnon the baseand the mostlikely readingof the group of threesigns is that
they arep signs,GardinerSign List Q3, andnot GardinerSign List WI 1, the ideogram
in the word nst throne. Kuhlman651lists pj as a Ptolemaicword for throne, and it is
648 Valloggia,
op. cit., 32.
649 Martin-Pardey,
op. cit. csp. pp. 244-245.
650 Idem.
651 Thron, 9. See
also Osing, Nominalbildung, 158.658.
370
is Old Kingdom The title hny-r
possiblethat this a previously unsuspected example.
is known title in the Old Kingdom. 652 and Kuhlman is probably mistaken in
nswt a
thinking that it is a corrupt reading of i'my-r Amy. The latter word appearsnearly
always in the singular or the dual; I know of no instancewhereit has the triple ideogram
in the Old Kingdom, whereasi'my-rnswt often hasa triple ideogram,as doeshny-r pit,
in this instance.In addition,the signswe haveon CatalogueNo. A27 could not possibly
be mistakenfor eitherGardinerSign List W 11 or 05 1.
A
imy-rpr hry wdb653
'Overseer of the House of the Master of Largess'. This is the department in charge of the
provisioning of the King's table, and is therefore an important function. One statue in the
corpus, No.
Catalogue A94, Tjeteti, which datesto the last yearsof Pepi11at the earliest,
hasthis title.
P
imy-r ýwt Wrt654
'Overseerof the Great Mansion'. This is a legal title, probably not found outside the
Memphitearea. The first holder
recorded of the title datesto the reign of 655
Nyuserre. As
time passedit gradually lost statusand by the end of Dynasty V it rankedlower than it
had previously.656The only statuewith this title comesfrom Saqqara,CatalogueNo.
A77, anddatesto the endof the reign of PepiIL
rmy-r hm-ntr657
'Overseer of prophets', a religious title. This is one of Kanawati's titles of the Lower
Officials. 658 The two statues which have this title, Catalogue Nos. A54 and A55, have
other higher ranking titles as well. Catalogue No. A54 dates to the transition period of the
reigns of Merenre, and Pepi 11,Catalogue No. A55 dates to the early part of the reign of
Pepi11.
652
op. cit., 106,8.
653 Helck, Beanitentiteln,31,68ff; Gardiner,JEA 24 (1938), 83-91.
654 Helck, Beamtentiteln,73; Strudwick,Adrhinistration, 176 ff.
655 Strudwick,
op. cit., 337.
656
op. cit., 340.
657 Helck, Beamtentiteln,113,125ff; Kanawati,Reforms,index
s.v; Gardiner,AEO I, A. 100.
658Administration, 27.
371
P tnty-I and h. r3659
imy-r %P i'my-r nty-lpr-
This title appears in Dynasty V for the first time, and seemsto replace the title of rh-
%0
ns,K-.The officials in this department were concernedwith the provision of food for the
palace, but were not those in direct contact with the king. The later translation of hni)--§,
Igarden', may imply that the food concernedwas vegetablesand fruit, 660i. e. the produce
of a 'kitchen garden', but the possibility of it being a 'home farm' with a much wider
range of products should not be rejected.One statue,Catalogue No. B67, which datesto
the end of the Old Kingdom, has the title imy-r hnti*-§, and four statues of Metjetji,
Catalogue Nos. A40, A42, A43, and A44 have the title i'my-r hnly-§pr- '3. Metjetji dates
to the reign of Pepi 1. Kanawati lists thesetitles as thoseof Middle officials. 661
.1
imy-r hry-htm (?)662
'Overseer of the sealed document'. Three statues of Tjeteti, Catalogue Nos. A88, A89,
andA98, havethis title. They dateto the lastyearsof PepiH at the earliest.
.9
imy-r shrt (Amy-r sIrl)
This title hassofar beenattestedonly for the Middle Kingdom andthe New Kingdom. It
probably means 'Overseer of Milkers' (Ward, Index, No. 349). Wb.IV, 295,1-5, lists
the New Kingdom as the earliestinstanceof sfrt being h
spelledwith rather than 1,
but the interchangeof I and h is known as early as the Pyramid Texts.663This is
possibly the earliest instanceof the title. The determinative is also a problem - the
Wbrterbuchonly lists vesselsas determinativesof this word in the Greek period. The
word int, 'milk', however, has a similar vessel as its determinative from the Old
Kingdom onwards.664One statue,CatalogueNo. A91, Tjeteti, datingto the endof the
reign of Pepi 11at the earliest,has this title.
659 Helck, Beamtentiteln, 107-9,115-16; Kanawati, Refoqns, index s.v.

660 Helck, Beamtentiteln, 107.
661 Kanawati, Administration, 23.
662 Wb. M, 396.
663 Edel, AlOgyptische Granwiatik, § 120.
664 Wb. 1,117.
372
P gm cw665
inty-r
This title appearsfirst in the reign of Merenre. It has been known to be held by officials
operating from the capital, but is mainly a provincial office. The only statuewith this title
comes from Meir. Catalogue No. A55, Nyankhpepi Kern, dates to early in the reign of
Pepi H.
Pt In 666
imy-r w
This title does not figure in any of the publications of titles listed above. Gardiner667
discusses the meaning of the word ln'w, and concludes that its most likely translation
should be 'storehouse' rather than 'ergastulum'. One statue, Catalogue No. A93, Tjeteti,
dating to the end of the reign of Pepi 11at the earliest, has this title. The title 'Overseerof
the storehouse' fits in well with Tjeteti's other titles, many of which have to do with
agriculture.
P
zmy-r Aw
This title has been discussedby Fischer in the same article which deals with the name of
the two it. 668 Despite the lack of determinatives, he
the owner of statues carrying
suggests that theword Inw is the one listed in Wb. IV, 511, and that the title means
'Overseer of Courtiers'. The two statues are Catalogue Nos. A79 and A80,
Nebernhenennesut,and are dated to the end of the reign of Pepi 11.
A JjjWtY669
iniy-r
'Overseer of the Two Granaries'. This title is a very high administrative one, with an
honorific nature to it. Kanawati lists it as one of his titles of the Higher Officials. 670 The
first known holder dates to the reign of Nyuserre. 671 Two statues have this title.
665 Helck, Beamtentiteln, 109-110; Strudwick, Administration, 317-18; Kees,

Provinzialverwaltung, index s. v.; Kanawati, Reforms, 53-54; Martin-Pardey,
Provinzialverwaltung,index s.v.
666 Wb.IV, 508,24.
667AEO11,209-210.
668 JAOS81 (1962),423.
669 Helck, Beamtentiteln, 64; Strudwick, Administration, Chapter 6; Kanawati, Reforms, index
S.V.
670Administration, 15.
671 Strudwick,Adniinistration, 337.
373
CatalogueNo. A85, Tjeteti, dates to the last years of Pepi 11at the earliest, as does
CatalogueNo. B58,1hy.
lp
imy-r Mnw llbt 672
'Overseerof building works in the houseof purification'. One statueis inscribed with this
phrase.CatalogueNo. A35 datesto the Unas/Tetiperiod.
p
imy-r ýd is pr dw3t673
'Overseerof works in the King's dressing room'. One statue is inscribed with this phrase.
CatalogueNo. A35 dates to the Unas/Teti period.
imy-r ýd n hnw ýd n Pr- r3674

'Overseerof works in the residence,and works in the palace'.One statueis inscribed with
this phrase.CatalogueNo. A35 datesto the Unas/Tetiperiod.
P
imy. r ýd n shwt675
W
'Overseer of works in the fields(? ),. 676One statue is inscribed with this phrase. Catalogue
No. A35 dates to the Unas/Teti period. The translation 'Oases'has been suggested by
Zayed, 677but the Wurterbuch lists field, fields, as the translation. 678
0 htMW
IIY. U
This title is only known from Catalogue No. A6. The Wdrterbuch can suggestno
translation.679
web pr- c3680

owcb-priest of the palace'. This title is carried by the same statuethat has IMY-r w ebw
672 Kees, WZKM 54 (1957), 95.
673 Kees, WZKM 54 (1957), 95.
674 Kees, WZKM 54 (1957), 95.
675 Kees, WZKM 54 (1957), 95.
676 Wb. IV, 229.
677 Troisbudes, 7.
678 Wb. IV, 229.
679 Wb. V, 638,1.
680 Helck, Beanitentiteln, 30.
374
Shint, and is thereforeprobably also to be understoodas a priest of 681
Sekht-net. The
v
statue is Catalogue No. A 15, and dates to the reign of Unas.
682
w cb im,...
#royalw cb-priest'. This is one of Kanawati's titles for Lower Officials. 683Two statues
have this title, CatalogueNo. A35, Kapunesut, which dates to the Unas/Teti period, and
Catalogue No. A5 1, which datesto the transition period from the reign of Merenre to that
of Pepi 11.
§n, CW694
wr md
'Greatest of the Upper Egyptian 10'. This is a legal title known since the early Old
Kingdom. It is also associatiedwith the organisationof workforces. Two statueshave

this title. CatalogueNo. CI datesto DynastyV; CatalogueNo. A27 datesto the reign of
Unas.Both holdersalsohaveotherlegaltitles. Kanawatilists it amonghis titles of Lower
Officials,685but it appearsto havelost statuswith time.
wr irt ni T3-wr
'Great of achievements in the Thinite nome'. KeeS686suggests that this title has to do
with work that Kapunesut (Catalogue Nos. A33 and A35, temp. Unas/Teti) carried out in
Abydos on the temple for Khentyamentiu. The renovation of this temple was carried out
during the reigns of Teti and Pepi 1.This could be merely an honorific epithet rather than
a true title, but the possibility that it did have a connection with actual work cannot be
ruled out.
wd-mdw n #ry w4b687

This title is found always in association with the title s3b "-d mr. Titles with wd-indw are
681 Von Kfinel, Les

pritres-oubb, Vill, says that the title wtb or i'my-r w1b in abbatoir scenes is a
shortened form of w1b Shmt. It is possible that here too, the second Shmt is taken for granted.
683 Administration, 23.
684 Helck, Beamtentiteln, 18-19,48,112 n. 5; Strudwick, Administration, 178-9; Kanawati,
Reforms, 14; Fischer, JNES 18 (1959), 265-6; Martin-Pardey, Provinzialverwaltung, 96-99.
686 WZKM 54 (1957), 97.
687 Helck, Beamtentiteln, 74 n. 52; Strudwick, Administration, 179,186.
375
not foundafter the early part of the reign of Pepi1. It is a legaltitle. CatalogueNo. CI is
the only statuewith this title. It datesto DynastyV.
mdw yp688
'Staff of Apis'. This title was bestowed on close relatives of the King in Dynasty IV, but
by the end of Dynasty V had become little more than an honorific title. It is often
conferred on holders of the tide sd3vv(?) bAty.In Dynasty VI it makes up one of a range
of older titles revived in a purely honorific function. One statue,CatalogueNo. A54,

datingto the transitionperiodfrom the reign of Merenreto that of Pepi 11,hasthis title.
He alsohasthe title s(l3w(?) bay.
m4li ýd nSW689
'Carpenter/stone hewer of the King's building projects'. This is a middle ranking title, 690
superior to shd kdw but inferior to 1Iny-r k3t nb n nsw. This title is held by two statues
in the corpus, Catalogue No. A33 and A35, both of Kapunesut, who is dated to the
period at the very end of Dynasty V and the beginning of Dynasty VI, that is, Unas/Teti.
rh-nSW691
This title was originally given to courtiers involved in provisioning the palace, but who
did not come into direct contact with the king. It very soon became a merely honorific
title, and is the lowest ranking one. 692 By the end of Dynasty V the actual functions
originally associated with the title were carried out by a ýnty_1.693 It is never used by
Viziers or relatives of the king. Five statues (Catalogue Nos. A6, A 18, A 19, A45 and
138) ranging in date from the end of the reign of Nyuserre, to the period covering the
reigns of Pepi I and Merenre.
r6-nsw sýd n f3694

'Oarsman of the royal barge. One statue, Catalogue No. A35 has this title. Kapunesut
688 Helck, Beamtentiteln, 52-3.
689 Helck. Beamtentifeln, 75 61,104-105,114. Wb. V, 74; Gardiner, AEO, 1, A 156.

n.
690 Kees, WZKM 54 (1957), 95; Strudwick, Administration, 242-243.
691 Helck, Beamtentiteln, 26-8,107.
692 Strudwick, Administration, 311.
694 Kees, WZKM 54 (1957), 98.
376
datesto the endof DynastyV, the periodof the reignsof UnasandTeti.
ý3ty-, 695
This is one of the oldest titles and is usually translated as 'mayor' or'count'. It is one of
Kanawati's so-called Higher Official titles.696Two statueshave this title, CatalogueNo.
C2, which dates to Dynasty V, and Catalogue No. B33, which dates to the reign of Pepi
Ii.
-
ýWtý&
This is an obscuretitle becauseof the lack of a determinative.Two statues,Catalogue
Nos. A33 and A35, dating to the Unas/Teti period have it. It also appearson various
other inscribed items from the same tomb, but never with a determinative. KeeS697
discussesthe possibilitiesfor a translation,saying that it should have somethingto do
with building. He repudiates Zayed's suggestion that it is a plural of ýu without the
building determinative- GardinerSign List 06. His own suggestionthat it may refer to
the whitewashusedto cover mud brick constructionsseemsa bit far-fetched,however.
Dr. J. van Dijk698suggeststhat the title shouldbe translatedas "messengerof the White
the White Crown", referring to Wb.111,44.
Crown" or perhaps"he who presents/brings
4-6.
#ni t4r
This is the most common of the lower ranked religious titles. Only one statuehas it,
Catalogue No. A6, which datesto the end of the reign of Nyuserre or slightly later.
4m mtr MY, t699
This title is a legal rather than a purely religious one, presumably becauseof the
association of the goddessMa'at with the concepts of justice and order. It is known since
DynastyV andis listed by all ranksof officials, evenViziers. One statue,CatalogueNo.
695 Helck, Beamtentiteln, 20-1,111-13; Kanawati, Reforms, index s. v; Martin-Pardey,
Provinzialverwaltung, index s.v.
696 Kanawati, Administration, 15.
697 WZKM 54 (1057), 97-8.
698 Personal
communication.
699 Helck, Beamtentiteln, 74; Strudwick, Administration, 178.
377
A27, datingto the reign of Unas,hasthis title.
ýwi YLtrS13t tuat rwti'700

'Prophet of Sheshat, at the front of the immigrants office'. One statue, Catalogue No.
A35, Kapunesut,has this title. He datesto the period Unas/Tefi.
ýry-pr (?) pr-c3

This title is only known from Catalogue No. A6. The Wdrterbuch can suggestno
translation.701
ý6 sit3702
This title is used by the palace officials who dealt with the daily needsof the king, which
needed to be kept secret from ordinary people. The word 'valet', with its implication of
trustworthiness, comes close to the literal translation 'he who is over the secrets'. Six
statueshave this title. Catalogue No. CI dates to Dynasty V; Catalogue No. A6 dates to
the end of the reign of Nyuserre or slightly later; CatalogueNos. A 18, A27 and A35 date
to the reign of Unas; and CatalogueNo. A54 dates to the transition period from the reign
of Merenre to that of Pepi H. Kanawati lists this title among those for Lower Officials. 703
ýry slt3 nw cbt7O4

'He who is over the secretsof the house of purification'. One statue,Catalogue No. A35,
has this title. It datesto the Unas/Teti period.
ýry slt3 n pr dwN705

This title is a later form of tiry sft3. Again, it is held by those courtiers involved with the
daily needsof the king. The translation is: 'he who is over the secretsof the king's
'dressingroom'. It becomescommon in Dynasty VI. One statue,CatalogueNo. A58,
datingto the first half of the reign of Pepi11,hasthis title. Kanawatilists this title among
700 Kees, WZKM 54 (1957), 96; Helck, Beamtentirein, 70.
701 Wb. V, 638,1.
702 Helck, Beamtentiteln, 43-4.
704 Kees, WZKM 54 (1957), 95; Helck, Beamtentiteln, 43-4,74.
705 Helck, Beamtentiteln, 43; Strudwick, Administration, 287; Kees, RT 36'(1916), 3;
Blackman, JEA 5,148-165.
378
those for Higher Officials. 706
ýry sIt3 n k3t ýd m ... 707
'He who is over the secrets of the building works of Kees in his discussion rejects
m prKy as a possible saying

restoration, that the spaceis not the right size. He is unable
to suggestanother alternative, however. One statue, Catalogue No. A35, has this title. It
datesto the Unas/Teti period.
ýý3 pr7O8
'Governor of a town'. This title is held by one statue, Catalogue No. B22, which dates to
the Pepi I/Merenre period.
hk3 hWt709
'District Governor'. This title is known since Dynasty III. Kanawati lists it among the
titles for the Higher Officials. 7 10One statue, Catalogue No. A60, dating to the reign of
PepiII, hasthis title.
hnty-I pr- c3711

This title is first encountered in early Dynasty V, and becomes very common by the
beginning of Dynasty VI. It is given to those officials concernedwith the provisioning of
the palace. One statue, Catalogue No. B8, dating to the reign of Unas, has this title.
Kanawati lists this title among those for Middle Officials. 712
6rp &713 1
'Director of the bird trap'. This title was probably originally given to courtiers directly
concerned with provisioning the palace. By the end of Dynasty V it appears among a
range of honorific titles used by Higher Officials. One statue, Catalogue No. A54, dating

707 Kees, WZKM 54 (1957), 95-96
709 HeIck, Beamtentiteln, 91,113,126 n. 39 Kanawati, Reforms, index

s.v.
7 10 Administration, 15.
711 HeIck, Beamtentiteln, 105-109; Kanawati, Administration, 26.
713 Wb. 1,65,3. HeIck, Beamtentiteln, 34.
379
to the Merenre/PepiIl pefiod,hasthis title.
ý rp JnWty714
'Controller of the Two Granaries'. This title does not appear in Strudwick's study, and
thus it appears that it was not one held by people of very high rank. This title appears on
one statue, Catalogue No. B58, which dates to the last years of the reign of Pepi 11at the
earliest.
hry-?ib7l5
'Lector priest'.'Six statueshave this title (CatalogueNos. A39, A54, A55, B44, B58, and
B67) ranging in date from the Teti/Pepi I period to the end of the Old Kingdom.
hry-tp ISW716
The original meaning of this title appearsto have been 'Chamberlain', 'in the senseof "an
officer who attended the king in his bedroom" 717 and was given to actual personal
attendentsof the king. It gradually became more honorific in nature and acquired a legal
meaning, the title being given to scribes belonging to the legal department of theViziees
office. Provincial holders of the title nearly always have the title sinr wrty as well.
Catalogue No. B32, reign of Pepi 11,from Akhmim, holds both titles. Catalogue No.
A77, from Saqqara, end of the reign of Pepi 11,holds hry-tp nsw but not smr wcly.
Kanawati lists this title as one belonging to the Middle Officials. 718
Uri Wit nsw719

This is a well-known title for women from the Old Kingdom up to Dynasty XVIII. It
appears to have been originally granted to women in the royal harim. One statue,
CatalogueNo. A 125, dating to the end of the Old Kingdom, has this title.
715 Helck, Beamtentiteln, 113-114; Strudwick, Administration, 226; Kanawati, Reforms, index
S.V.
716 Helck, Beamtentiteln, 60,105,115,119; Strudwick, Administration, 182-3; Kanawati,
Reforms, 14; Gardiner, AEO, L 107.
717 Gunn, JEA 27,145; Gardiner & Sethe, Egyptian Letters
to the Dead, 14-15. -
719 Wb. 111,401; Strudwick, Administration, 28 1; Harpur, Decoration, 135,573.
380
s3b cd Mr720
The title appears for the first time in this form in Dynasty IV. It is a ranking title for
scribesand a legal title. Two statues,Catalogue No. Cl, dating to Dynasty V, and
CatalogueNo. A27, dating to the reign of Unas, have this title. Kanawati places it among
the titles for Middle Officials. 721
smr Wrty722
'Sole Friend'. This is an honorific title, very common throughout the Old Kingdom.
Twelve statues have this title (Catalogue Nos. A39, A54, A55, A58, A59, A60, B22,
B32, B33, B58, and B67) ranging in date from the Teti/Pepi I period to the end of the
Old Kingdom. Kanawati lists this title among those for the Higher Officials. 723
sý4 10
'Overseer of dancers'. Catalogue No. A87, which has this title, is inscribed for a man
called Shemi,eventhoughit is supposedto come from the tomb of Tjeteti. An offering

hasthe samenameandtitle andis probablythe sameman.
tablealsofound at Saqqara724
The gesticulating figure is clearly drawn by Gunn in two places,and it matches the figure
on the inscription on the base.
sl c nsw p_ýr725
The title s§ c nsw is known from Dynasty IV, this longer version first appears in mid-
late Dynasty V, but is principally a Dynasty VI title. It perhaps means 'personal scribe of
the king's document', that is, a scribe who would actually be in the presenceof the king.
r
Kanawati lists the title s§ nsw as one for Middle Officials. 726One statue has this title:
CatalogueNo. A95 datesto the last years of Pepi H at the earliest.
720 Helck, Beamtentiteln, 74,82,114,119; Strudwick, Administration, 178; Gardiner, AEO, 1, A

74; Martin-Pardey, Provinzialverwaltung, index s.v.
722 Helck, Beamtentiteln, 24,108,111-4,117-8; Kanawati, Reforms, index s.v; Martin-Pardey,
Provinzialverwaltung, index s.v.
724 pM 111,571; Gunn, MSS XIV 39,3,48, see figs. on 230.
p.
725 Helck, Beamtentiteln, 72; Strudwick, Administration, 202,2 10-11.
381
Ad n wP C3727
'Rower of the great bark'. Jones lists two examples with this title, one of which is
Catalogue No. A35, from the reign of Unas. He assumeshonorific transposition for,13
as the adjective qualifying M3, and does not discuss the possibility that the boat is a
determinative of a word U, here meaning a specific type of boat. The title would then
read: sW nU 'rower of the "3-boat'.
sd3w(?)1ýtmw(?) býy728
'Royal Seal Bearer'. An honorific title since the early Old Kingdom. It is ýparticularly
common in Dynasty IV, and from the beginning of Dynasty VI on. Kanawati lists it
for the Higher Officials. 729Five statueshave this title (Catalogue Nos.
among the titles
A54, A55, A60, B33 and B58) ranging in date from the Merenre/Pepi 11period to the
last years of Pepi II at the earliest.
spwpyhýtmwp) jqr730
'Treasurer of the God'. This title was given to officials who were responsible for
controlling trade and transport expeditions to the south. It had a military function. By the
Middle Kingdom it had a religious function associatedwith embalmers. One statuehas
this title, CatalogueNo. B27 datesto the reign of Pepi 11.
Ips(s) nSW731
The Wdrterbuch says that this title is given to people who are part of the entourage of
the king from the Old Kingdom on. Helck narrows down the timescale by saying that it
appears for the first time at the end of the Old Kingdom. He also says that it was a very
low ranking title. Two statues have this title, Catalogue Nos. A79 and A80, both dating to
the end of the reign of Pepi 11.
727 D. Jones,Nautical Titles, 103

no. 235.
728 Helck, Beamtentiteln, 53,92,111 ff; Strudwick, Administration, 310; Kanawati, Reforms,
index s.v. SeeFranke,GM 83,112-114 for the controversyover sd3w and 6tmw.
730 Wb. V, 638; Sauneron, BIFAO 51 (1952), 137-171; Helck, Beamtentiteln, 99; Stru'dwick,
Administration, 222; Kanawati,Reforms,index s.v.
731 Wb.IV, 449; Helck, Beamtentiteln,118-9.
382
APPENDIX 2.
Wood Types
Of the two hundred and seventeenstatuesin the corpus, only eight have had their
wood identified by scientific means,a further four have beenidentified visually. Two
others have identifications, but no confirmation that this is the result of a scientific
analysis. This is by no means enough to be able to draw any satisfactory conclusions
about the types of wood preferred. Nine of the statues are made of woods indigenous to
the Nile valley (eight confirmed analyses),the remaining five are foreign woods.
INDIGENOUS
Sycomorus spec.
Five statuesare madeof woodsbelongingto the sycomorefamily. Unfortunately,
has
eachanalysis given a different nameto their findings:
Catalogue No. A3 is said to be sycomore. As far as can be ascertained,no
scientific analysis has been carried out on this statue. The most recent publication,
Eg.)ptian Museum,No. 40, statesthat it is madeof sycomorewood.
Saleh/Sourouzian,
Catalogue No. B13 and Catalogue No. B31 have been analysed as Ficus
ýycoinorus L The analyses were carried out for the CAA publication of the Roemer-
und Pelizaeusmuseurnin Hildesheim. This tree was one of the most important fruit trees
in Ancient Egypt. 732 Its wood was used for furniture, coffins, statuettes and ships.
Unfortunately there is very little confirmation in the literature for its use. LucaS733lists
objects analysedas'sycamore f1gt734-

only two items come from the Old Kingdom.
Catalogue No. B54 has Ficus as its wood type. This is the result of an analysis
done by the Louvre. Ficus is a member of the sycomore family, but whether this
particularstatueis Ficus sycomorusL, as the last two are,hasnot beenreported.

Catalogue No. A78 hasbeenanalysedas Figwood for the AshmoleanMuseum.
This, too, is probablyFicus sycomorusL
732 Germer, Flora, 25-27.
733 Materials, 440.
734 See for in English
op. cit., 446 the confusion usage between sycamore and sycomore.
383
Acacia (InLl)
Three statues have been analysed as Acacia. LucaS735 lists only trunks and
branchesfrom the Old Kingdom. Keimer and Germer both state that acaciawas the main
wood-producing tree in Ancient Egypt. 736 It produced planks long enough for ship-
building, but was also used for coffins, furniture, doorjambs, and statues. Acacia
nilotica is the most common type in Egypt, and this was probably the type most used in
wood-working of all kinds.
Catalogue Nos. A 126, BI 0 and B33 all have been analysedscientifically, A 125 by
a teamin Berkeley,andB 10andB33 by the Louvre.
Tarnarix spec.(izr)
According to Keimer, 737the tamarisk only produced short pieces of hard wood,
despite sometimes growing to a height of 8-10m. It is usually referred to as a bush. Its
existence in the Old Kingdom is confirmed by a mention in the Pyramid Texts (Pýyr.
126c).LucaS738only lists some charcoal from the period covering DynastiesI to X.
Catalogue No. A 103 has been scientifically analysed as Tamarix spec. for the
CAA publication of the Roemer- und Pelizaeusmuseurn in Hildesheim. It is only the
remains of the upper part of a statue, and measures 14.8 cm. It is possible that the entire
statuereacheda height of 30 cm, but we have no way of telling whether or not it depicted
Senebas a dwarf, as his stone statuegroup does. If it did, then the estimated entire height
would be less. The stone chest it was found in measured 71 cm, but is clearly much
larger than the statueit housed.
735
op. cit., 440.
736 Keimer, Gartenpflanzen11,19-24;Gertner,Flora, 90-91.
737 Gartenpflanzen1,55-57.
738 Materials, 440-41.
384
FOREIGN
Ebony (hbiky)
Five statues are said to be of ebony, but in no case has this been confirmed by a
scientific analysis.LucaS739saysthat ebony is easily recognizabledue to its characteristic

colour and appearance,but adds that statues made of ebony are "very small". The five
statues said to be ebony (Catalogue Nos. A43, A46, A47, and A48) range in height
from 50.8 cm to 66 cm, heights not normally considered to be small. Until analysesare
made ihese statues may continue to be regarded as ebony, bearing in mind that there are
other possibilities: Acacia nilotica, for example, can produce very dark-coloured woods.
Cedar
One statue is said to be of cedar, Catalogue No. B75. The analysis is
740
unconfirmed. LucaS741 lists somesmall piecesof cedarknown from the Predynastic
period, but then nothing until some coffins from Dynasties X-XI. All cedar found in
Egypt is Cedrus Libani, Cedar of Lebanon.742
739
op. cit., 434-436.
740 Nelson, Catalogue,25 No. 20.
741 Materials, 430.
742
op. cit., 432.
385
APPENDIX 3.
Feature Cross-References (Catalogue A only)
This sectionis designedto facilitatethe datingof statuesnot in the corpus.It is organized

accordingto the threemain features,andtakeseachfeaturein turn asthe startingpoint.
This hasthe advantageof enablingstatueswith only two correspondingfeaturesto be
allied to possible parallels. Statueswith only one feature can best be dealt with by
referenceto the featurelists themselves,wherethe daterangefor individual featuresis
listed.
Male
Dress Arms Date Range Catalogue Nos.

I I Snofru AI
2 1 Unas - Pepi 11 A 18, A40, A41
1 2 3 Dyn. IV-V - Unas A5, A 10, A 14,
A15
2 3a Pepi I A42
2a 3 Unas A 16, A 17
2b I End of Old Kingdom A106
2c 3 Pepi I/ Merenre A45
2c 9 Pepi 11or later A99, A 100
2d 6a Merenre / Pepi 11 A52
2d 9 Merenre / Pepi 11 A53
2g I Pepi 11or later A98
2g 3 Pepi 11 A77
2h I Pepi Il or later A97
3a 3 Ted A38
4 1 Pepi I/ Merenre A47
4 3 Unas A13
5 4a Unas A23
6 3a Pepi 11 A58
386
Wig Dress Aims Date Range Catalogue Nos.
1 6 4 Pepi 11 A73
1 6 9 Pepi 11or later - end Old Kingdom A81, Al 15
la 4 3 Teti A36
lb 3a 8a Pepi 11or later A90, A91
lb 4 3 Pepi I/ Merenre A46
lb 4 3a Pepi I/ Merenre A48
2 1 1 Unas A 19
2 2 2 Snofru A2
2 2 6 Unas / Teti A33
2 2b 5 Unas A27
2 3 3 End Nyuserre - Unas A6, A20, A25
2 4 1 Unas A26
2 4 3 Unas A21
2a 1 3 Dyn. IV-V A3
3 2b 5 Unas A28
3 3 7 Teti / Pepi I A39
3 3a I Pepi II A62
3 3a 7 Pepi I- end of Old Kingdom A43, A44, A61,
A66, A83, A 105
3 3a 7a Pepi 11 A64
3 3a 7b Pepi H- Pepi 11or later A65, A84
3 3a 7c Pepi 11or later A87
3 3a 8 Pepi 11 A56, A57, A76
3 3a 8a Pepi 11or later A85
3 4 2a Unas A29
3 4 9a Pepi H A68
3 6 6 Teti A37
3a 3a 7b Pepi 11or later A86
4 2 3 Unas A24
4 2 4 Isesi All
4 2b 4b Pepi 11 A72
4 2b 9 Pepi H A75
4 2d 4' Merenre Pepi H A51
387
wil! Dress Arms Date Range CatalogueNos.
4 4 9 Pepi11 A67
4a 6 3 Pepi11 A59
4b 6 4c Pepi11or later A101
5 2a I Pepi11or later A93, A94, A95
5 2a 3 Pepi11or later A92
5 2a II PepiII or later A82
5 2e 6 Pepi 11 A70
5 2e 6a Pepi11 A72
5 2e 9 Pepi11 A69
5 2f 6 Pepi11 A71
5 2f 9 End of Old Kingdom A104
5 3a 7b Pepi11or later A88, A89
5 3a 8 Merenre A50
5 3a 8a End of Old Kingdom A 108,A 109
5 4 3 Merenre/ Pepi11 A54
5 6 3 Pepi11 A60
5 6 9 End of Old Kingdom Al 10,Al 11,
Al 12, Al 13,
A114
5 6 12 End of Old Kingdom A116
6 2b 3a Pepi11 A55
7 6 9 Pepi11 A79, A80
7 6 10 Pepi11 A63
Wig Dress Arms Date Range Catalogue Nos.

I I I Snofru Al
2 1 1 Unas A19
2a 1 3 Dyn. IV-V A3
1 2 1 Unas- Pepi II A 18,A40, A41
2 2 Snofru A2
-2
1 2 3 Dyn. IV-V - Unas A5, A 10, A 14,
A15
388
4 2 3 Unas A24
1 2 3a PepiI A42
4 2 4 Isesi All
2 2 6 Unas/ Teti A33
I 2a 3 Unas A16, A17
5 2a II Pepi11or later A82
I 2b I End of Old Kingdom A104
2 2b 5 Unas A27
3 2b 5 Unas A28
4 2b 4b Pepi11 A74
4 2b 9 Pepi11 A75
6 2b 3a Pepi11 A55
I 2c 3 PepiI/ Merenre, A45
I 2c 9 Pepi11or later A99, A 100
I 2d 6a Merenre/ PepiII A52
I 2d 9 Merenre/ Pepi II A53
4 2d 4 Merenre/ Pepi11 A51
5 2e 6 Pepi11 A70
5 2e 6a Pepi 11 A72
5 2e 9 PepiH A69
5 2f 6 Pepi 11 A71
I 2g I Pepi11or later A98
I 2g 3 PepiH A77
I 2h I PepiIl or later A97
2 3 3 End Nyuserre- Unas A6, A20, A25
3 3 7 Teti / PepiI A39
I 3a 3 Teti A38
lb 3a 8a Pepi11or later A90, A91
3 3a I Pepi H A62
389
Wig Dress Arms Date Range CatalogueNos.
3 3a 7 PepiI- endof Old Kingdom A43, A44, A61,
A64, A83, A 105
3 3a 7a Pepi11 A64
3 3a 7b Pepi11- Pepi11or later A65, A84
3 3a 7c Pepi11or later A87
3 3a 8 Pepi11 A56, A57, A74
3 3a 8a Pepi11or later A85
3a 3a 7b Pepi11or later A86
5 3a 7b Pepi11or later A88, A89
5 3a 8 Merenre A50
1 4 1 PepiI/ Merenre A47
1 4 3 Unas A13
la 4 3 Teti A36
lb 4 3 PepiI/ Merenre A46
Ib 4 3a PepiI/ Merenre A48
2 4 1 Unas A26
2 4 3 Unas A21
3 4 2a Unas A29
3 4 9a Pepi 11 A68
4 4 9 Pepi11 A67
1 5 4a Unas A23
1 6 3a Pepi Il A58
1 6 4 Pepi11 A73
1 6 9 Pepi11or later - endOld Kingdom A81, Al 15
3 6 6 Teti A37
4a 6 3 Pepi 11 A59
4b 6 4c Pepi11or later A101
5 6 3 Pepi11 A60
5 6 9 End of Old Kingdom A110, Al I I,
Al 12,Al 13,
A114
390
7 6 9 Pepi11 A79, A80
7 6 10 Pepi11 A63

I I I Snofru AI
1 2 1 Unas- Pepi11 A18, A40, A41
I 2b I End of Old Kingdom A104
I 2g I Pepi11or later A98
I 2h I Pepi11or later A97
1 4 1 PepiI/ Mereare A47
2 1 1 Unas A19
2 4 1 Unas A26
3 3a I Pepi II A62
2 2 2 Snofru A2
3 4 2a Unas A29
1 2 3 Dyn. IV-V - Unas A5, A10, A14,
A 15
1 2a 3 Unas A16, A17
I 2c 3 PepiI/ Merenre A45
I 2g 3 Pepi11 A77
I 3a 3 Teti A38
1 4 3 Unas A13
la 4 3 Teti A36
lb 4 3 PepiI Merenre A46
2 3 3 End Nyuserre- Unas A6, A20, A25
2 4 3 Unas A21
2a 1 3 Dyn. IV-V A3
4 2 3 Unas A24
4a 6 3 Pepi11 A59
391
5 6 3 Pepi11 A60
1 2 3a PepiI A42
1 6 3a Pepi11 A58
lb 4 3a PepiI/ Merenre A48
6 2b 3a Pepi11 A55
1 6 4 Pepi11 A73
4 2 4 Isesi All
4 2d 4 Merenre Pepi11 A51
1 5 4a Unas A23
4 2b 4b Pepi11 A74
4b 6 4c Pepi11or later Al0l
2 2b 5 Unas A27
3 2b 5 Unas A28
2 2 6 Unas/ Teti A33
3 6 6 Ted A37
5 2e 6 Pepi11 A70
5 2f 6 Pepi11 A71
I 2d 6a Merenre/ Pepi11 A52
5 2e 6a Pepi11 A72
3 3 7 Teti / PepiI A39
3 3a 7 Pepi I- endof Old Kingdom A43, A44, A61,
A64, A83, A 105
3 3a 7a Pepi11 A64
3 3a 7b PepiH- PepiH or later A65, A84
3a 3a 7b Pepi11or later A86
5 3a 7b PepiIl or later A88, A89
3 3a 7c Pepi11or later A87
3 3a 8 Pepi 11 A56, A57, A76
5 3a 8 Merenre A50
lb 3a 8a Pepi11or later A90, A91
3 3a 8a Pepi11or later A85
392
2c 9 Pepi11or later A99, A 100
2d 9 Merenre/ Pepi11 A53
6 9 PepiIl or later - endOld Kingdom A81, A115
4 2b 9 Pepi11 A75
4 4 9 Pepi11 A67
5 2e 9 Pepi11 A69
5 6 9 End of Old Kingdom Al 10, Al 11,
A 112,A 113,
AIJ4
7 6 9 Pepi11 A79, A80
3 4 9a Pepi11 A68
7 6 10 Pepi11 A63
5 2a II Pepi11or later A82
Female
wit! Dress Arms Date Range Catalogue Nos.

I Dyn. IV-V A4
1 2 2 End Nyuserre A7
1 2 3 Unas A22, A30
]a 2 3 Unas A31
2 2 3 Unas A32
2a 2 3 PepiII or later - End Old Kingdom A 102,A 117
3a 3 3 End Old Kingdom A 121, A 123,
A124
3b 5 2 End Old Kingdom A 127
4 3 3 End Old Kingdom A 119,A 120,
A 122,A 125
4 4 3 End Old Kingdom A118
393
I Dyn. IV-V A4
1 2 3 Unas A22, A30
la 2 3 Unas A31
2 2 3 Unas A32
2a 2 3 Pepi11or later - End Old Kingdom A 102,A 117
3a 3 3 End Old Kingdom A121, A123,
A 124
A 122,A 125
4 4 3 End Old Kingdom A118

I Dyn. IV-V A4
1 2 3 Unas A22, A30
la 3 Unas A31
.2
2 2 3 Unas A32
2a 2 3 Pepi11or later - End Old Kingdom A 102,A 117
3a 3 3 End Old Kingdom A 121, A 123,
A124
A 122,A 125
4 4 3 End Old Kingdom Al 18
394
APPENDIX 4.
Concordance of Museum and Catalogue

Numbers
Inv. No. Cat. No., Inv. No. Cat. No.

Egyptian Museum, Cairo
BELGIUM CG 370 B29
Brussels,MuseesRoyaux d'Art et CG 380 B2
d'Histoire CG 503 A75
E 4905 B20 CG 505 A70
CG 506 A76
DENMARK CG 513 A73
Copenhagen, Nationalmuseet CG 514 A71
AAb 153 B51 CG 516 A72
7531 C4 CG 517 A74
Copenhag en, Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek JE 5381 B63
JEIN 3 B74 JE 10177 A5
MN 1560 A48 JE 10892 B9

JE 17331 clo
JEIN 1561 B52
JE 22073 A7
JEIN 1730 B39
JE 26645 A6
JE 28816 A9
EGYPT
JE 28855 B32
Egyptian Museum, Cairo
JE 28900 B55
CG 33 A4
JE 28901 B43
CG 34 A3
JE 28902 c15
CG 139 BI
JE 28990 B6
CG 148 B44
JE 28992 C5
CG 149 Cil JE 28993 B70
CG 154 A58 JE 28994 C6
CG 155 B7 JE 29145 B34
CG 220 B24 JE 30796 A55
CG 267 A45 JE 30797 A56
395
Inv. No. Cat. No. Inv. No. Cat. No.
Egyptian Museum, Cairo Egyptian Museum, Cairo
JE 40037 A8 JE 93169 A19
JE 44613 B50 JE 93170 A15
JE 46992 A46 JE 93171 A20
JE 47036 C14 JE 93172 A21
JE 47775 A39 JE 93173 A16
JE 49119 A65 JE 93174 A22
JE 49371 A86 JE 93175 A17
JE 51482 B68
JE 51738 A32 Saqqara Magazine
JE 52081 A29 3513-26 [421] C1
JE 52564 A67 ? A36
JE 52565 A66 ? A37
JE 58375 A68 ? A38
JE 59631 A57 Sohag Magazine (?) -
JE 63110 C2 H26A/H26B B41
JE 64905 A87
JE67369 A35 FRANCE
JE 87698 Al Marseilles, Musee Borely
JE 87699 A2 217 B75
JE 88575 A59 218 B38
JE 88576 A60 Paris, Musee du Louvre
JE 88577 A62 N 2293 BIO
JE 88578 A61 E 10357 B54
JE 88581 A63 E 11566 B33
JE 93161 A90
JE 93162 A95 GERMANY
JE 93163 A91 Berlin, East
JE 93164 A77 10858 B8
JE 93165 A27 Berlin, West
JE 93166 A28 1363 B39
JE 93167 "A18
JE 93168 A14
396
Hildesheim, Roemer- und Pelizaeus- SWEDEN
Museum Stockholm, Medelhavsmuseet
67 B17 MM 11410 A26
1106 B 13 MM 11411 A99
1244 B31 MM 11412 A97
1572 A51 MM 11413 A98
1574 A52 MM 14689 B36
3117 A 103 MM 14725 B35
Leipzig, Agyptisches Museum Uppsala, Victoria Museum
2688 A53 117 B65
ITALY SWITZERLAND
Turin, Museo Egizio Neuchatel, Musee d'Ethnographie
N 1197 B40 Eg. 328 A93
1216 B45 Eg. 329 AIOI
3104 B37 Eg. 400 A64
13719-13842 A50 Eg. 401 A81
C12 Eg. 402 A82
Eg. 403 A69
THE NETHERLANDS Eg. 424 B60
Amsterdam, Allard Pierson Museum Eg. 425 B58
48 B 16
Leiden, Rijksmuseum van Oudheden UNITED KINGDOM
AH 91 B30 Cambridge, Fitzwilliam Musuem
AH 114 B26 40-1937 C3
1938/7.7 B42 41-1937 B25
Edinburgh, Royal Scottish Museum
POLAND 1921.1662 B67
Warsaw, National Museum London, Britis h Museum
236612MNW B48 EA 29563 B23
EA 29594 A54
EA 53899 B27
EA 55261 B 19
397
Inv. No. Cat. No. Inv. No. Cat. No.
London, British Muscum Berkeley, PhoebeHearst Museum of
EA 55584 B 12 Anthropology
EA 55722 A47 6-15213 A119
London, Petrie Museum, University 6-15214 A 122
College London 6-15215 A120
8844 1311 6-15216 A 123
16454 B46 6-15217 A124
16658 B72 6-15218 A121
Manchester, Manchester Museum 6-16022 A 106
4230 C7 6-19768 C9
Oxford, Ashmolean Museum ? (N90) B66
1896-1908 E 1881 B56 ? (N92) C8
1914.39 A78 ? (N241) A 125
1921.1418 A79 ? (N248) A127
1921.1419 A80 Bloomfield Hills, Michigan, Cranbrook
Academy of Art
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 401131 B 15
Baltimore, Walters Art Gallery Boston, Museum of Fine Arts
22.30 B 14 12.1234 A 107
Berkeley, Phoebe Hearst Museum of 13.3461 B49
Anthropology 13.3462 B3
6-12840 A 126 13.3463 134
6-15201 A110 13.3464 B5
6-15203-, A108 12.3465 A12
6-15204 Al 17 13.3466 A13
6-15205 A111 24.604 A34
6-15206 A112 24.606 A85
6-15207 A109 24.607 A94
6-15208 A113 24.608 A88
6-15209 Al 18 24.609 B57
6-15210 A115 37.1320 A104
6-15211 'Al 16 37.1321 A 105
6-15212 Al 14 47.1455 A40
398
Brooklyn, Brooklyn Museum Providence, Rhode Island Schoolof
50.77 A42 Design Museum of Art
51.1 A43 25.031 B18
53.222 A41 Saint Louis, Saint Louis Art Museum
Chicago, Field Museum of Natural 1.1986 B28
History
30104 B64
Kansas City, Nelson-Atkins Museum LOCATION UNKNOWN
of Art A49
33.1400 B73 A83
51-1 A44 A84
New Haven, Yale University Art A96
Gallery AIOO
1956.33.48 B71 A102
1957.7.18 C13 B47
New York, Me tropolitan Museum
of Art
26.2.2 A24
26.2.3 A30
26.2.4 A25
26.2.5 A31
26.2.6 A23
26.2.7 A33
26.2.8 A92
26.2.9 A89
26.9.2 AlO
26.9.3 All
27.9.3 B59
27.9.4 B62
27.9.5 B61
58.125.3 B69
59.50.1 B53
59.50.2 B21
399
INDICES
1. Personal Names
Name Catalogue No. Name Catalogue No.
Akhtihotep AI 4-A22 Mehi A66-A67

Anu C2 Memi (1) A9
Memi (2) B40
Biu A81 Mertetes B67
Meryrehashtef A46-A49
Djadjaemankh A58 Meryreima Pepi-ima A57
Metjetji A40-A44
Gegi B66 Metri A23-A32
Gemniuser B39
Nakhtkawi C4
Hagi B57 Nebemhenennesu A79-A80
Hebet B44 Nenkhefetka B23
Hema Nyankhpepikem A55-A56

B22
Nykapepi Neni A68
Hetepi A51 -A53
Nykauisesi A36-A38
1hy B58-B62
Pehemefert B8
Inetkemet A 126-A 127
Pepi A82
Ishtji Tjetji A59-A63
Pepiankh Heryib A78
Iti A50
Itisen ci
RaherkaIpi A64
RAW A77
Ka-aper A3-A4 Rashepses A8
Kaemsenu AlO-AI I
Kaiherptah A45 Seneb A103
Kapunesut A33-A35 Senedjemib Mehi A12-A13
KhenuTjemi A39 Shemi A87
400
Name CatalogueNo.
Shenay A69
Shepset A125
Tjemerery A 126-A 127

Tjetefl A83-A102
Tjeti (1) A54
Tjeti (2) B32
Tjeti (3) B33
Tjetji A108-A124
Wadjhotep B52
401
2. Titles
Title Page No. Title Page No.
iwn kninwt 369 ý3ty- c 377

uni -r 3ýit 369 ýwt mt 377
p
inq- rw cbvi,
Shint 369 hin ntr 377
imy-r wpt pr- f3 369-370 hin ntr M.3Ct 377-378
inq-r kd(?) w I'bt 370 ýin ntr S13týntt rwn' 378
C3
inq-rpw 370-371 pr- 378
unpr pr ýtq wdb 371 ýry sW 378
imy-r hwt wrt 371 hry sft3 n wcbt 378
hnýv-rým-yqr 371 ýry sk? n pr dw3t 378-379
uny-i- hnty-§ 372 hn- s§t.3 n Ut kd in... 379
iynýir ýnt) -§ pr- ý3 372 pr 379
uny-r hn, htin(?) 372 hk3 hvvt 379
A
Inq-i- sLirt (Anq-r sIrt) 372
gin cu, 373 hn,ý--§pr- c3 379
imv-r
iikv-r In cw 173 ýrp ikt 379-380
.
ukv-r Inu, 373 tirp Am) 380
iikv-r lnwlý' 373-374
inq-r kd n it, fbt 374 ýn--ýib 380
nky-r ýd n pr dw3t 374 hry-tp nsw 380
ukv-r ýd n Lin%,Wn pr- 13 374 Likrt wc tt nsw 380
nky-r ýd n *vt 374
iry hunu, (?) 374 s3b Q mr 381
sinr wC 381
w (b pr- f3 374-375 sq ib3 381
w cb nsw 375 s§ c nsw V-ýr 381
gin Cw 375
wr ind sP n 11314dn M3 c3 382
wr irt in T3-wr 375 sd3w(Nýtinw(? ) bbý 382
wd indw n ýiry wdb 375-76 )Ijumw(? ) iqtr
sýd3w(? 382
376 Ips(s)*nsw 382

indw? ip
mdý ýd nsw 376
r&-nsw 376
rh-nsw skd n 13 376-377
402
3. Sites
Site. Tomb No. Catalogue No.
Akhmim: M8 A54
M 23 A9
Dahshur: 24 A70-A76
Deshashah: 103 B23
Giza: G 1152 c9
G 2335 A B49-B50
G2336 B3-B5
G 2347aC=G 5564 A A 104-A105
G 2378A= LG 26 A12-A13
G 5560 = LG 35 A45
D211 A51-A53
Meir: A1 A55
D2 A78
Naga ed Der: * 12 A 107

* 43 A 108-A124
* 90 B66
* 92 C8
* 241 A 125
* 248 A126-A127
* 3777 A106
Saqqara: 33 =D 30 C14
36 =C8 A3-A4 (AP)
75 =D 10 A58
403
Site. Tomb No. CatalogueNo.
Saqqara: 83 =D6 A59-63
6001 A83-102
10694 A77
LS 10 B39
S 902 = LS 16 A8
S3079 Al-A2
S3513 ci
M II A65
M xi A66-A67
M xvi C2
N IV A81-A81
NV A69
N VIII A64
01 A68
Sedment: 274 A46-A49'-

604 A79-A80
2106 B52
2127 C4
Sheikh Farag: 5202 B57
404
CONCORDANCE OF PLATES AND CATALOGUE NUMBERS
Plate No. Catalogue No. Accession No.
Plate I Cat. No. AI Cairo, JE 87698

Plate 2 Cat. No. A2 Cairo, JE 87699
Plate 3a Liverpool 1.9.14.1
Plate 3b Cat. No. A3 Cairo, CG 34
Plate 3c Cat. No. A4 Cairo, CG 33
Plate 7a-b Cat. No. A9 Cairo, JE 28816
Plate 7c-d Cat. No. A8 Cairo, JE 40037
Plate 8 Cat. No. A 10 New York, MMA 26.9.2
Plate 9 Cat. No. AII New York, MMA 26.9.3
Plate 10a Cat. No. A 12 Boston, MFA 13.3465
Plate I Ob-c Cat. No. A 13 Boston, MFA 13.3466
Plate IIb Cat. No. A 14 Cairo, JE 93168
Plate IIc Cat. No. A 17 Cairo, JE 93175
Plate 12 Cat. No. A 15 Cairo, JE 93170
Plate 13a Cat. No. A22 Cairo, JE 93174
Plate 13b Cat. No. A 16 Cairo, JE 93173
Plate 14a-b Cat. No. A 18 Cairo, JE 93167
Plate l4c Cat. No. A21 Cairo, JE 93172
Plate 15a Cat. No. A 19 Cairo, JE 93169
Plate 15b Cat. No. A20 Cairo, JE 93171
Plate 17 Cat. No. A23 New York, MMA 26.2.6
Plate 18 Cat. No. A24 New York, MMA 26.2.2
Plate 19a Cat. No. A25 New York, MMA 26.2.4
Plate l9b Cat. No. A26 Stockholm, MM 11410
Plate 20a, c, d Cat. No. A27 Cairo, JE 93165
Plate 20b Cat. No. A28 Cairo, JE 93166
405
Plate No. CatalogueNo., AccessionNo.
Plate21 Cat.No. A29 Cairo,JE 52081

Plate22 Cat. No. A30 New York, MMA 26.2.3
Plate23a-c Cat. No. A31 New York, MMA 26.2.5
Plate23d Cat. No. A32 Cairo, JE 51738
Plate24a-b Cat.No. A33 New York, MMA 26.2.7
Plate24c-d Cat. No. A34 Boston,MFA 24.604
Plate25a-c Cat. No. A39 Cairo,JE 47775
Plate25d,f Cat. No. A44 KansasCity, NA 51-1
Plate25e Cat. No. A40 Boston,MFA 47.1455
Plate26 Cat. No. A41 Brooklyn, 53.222
Plate27 Cat. No. A42 Brooklyn, 50.77
Plate28 Cat. No. A43 Brooklyn, 5 1.1
Plate29a Cat. No. A45 Cairo,CG 267
Plate29b Cat. No. A49 Unknown
Plate29c Cat. No. A46 Cairo, JE 46992
Plate29d Cat. No. A47 British Museum,EA 55722
Plate29e Cat. No. A48 Ny CarlsbergGlyptotek,)EIN 1560
Plate30a-b Cat. No. A50 Turin, MuseoEgizio, 13719-13842
Plate30c-d Cat. No. A51 Hildesheim,RPM 1572
Plate31a Cat. No. A52 Hildesheim,RPM 1574
Plate31b Cat.rNo. A53 Leipzig,2688
Plate31c-e Cat. No. A54 British Museum,EA 29594
Plate32 Cat. No. A55 Cairo, JE 30796,
Plate33 Cat. No. A55 Cairo, JE 30796
Plate35 Cat. No. A57 Cairo,JE 59631
Plate36 Cat. No. A58 Cairo,CG 154
Plate39a-b Cat. No. A61 Cairo, JE 88578
Plate39c-d Cat. No. A62 Cairo, JE 88577
406
Plate No. CatalogueNo. AccessionNo.

Plate41a Cat.No. A64 Neuchatel,Eg. 400
Plate41b Cat. No. A69 Neuchatel,Eg. 403
Plate42a-b Cat.No. A66 Cairo, JE 52565
Plate43a-b Cat. No. A68 Cairo, JE 58375
Plate43c-d Cat. No. A71 Cairo, CG 514
Plate44a-b Cat. No. A72 Cairo, CG 516
Plate45a-b Cat.No. A73 Cairo, CG 513
Plate46a-c Cat. No. A70 Cairo, CG 505
Plate46d-e Cat. No. A78 AshmoleanMuseum 1914.39
Plate47a-b Cat. No. A76 Cairo, CG 506
Plate47c Cat. No. A81 Neuchfitel,Eg. 401
Plate47d Cat. No. A82 Neuch5tel,Eg. 402
Plate49 Cat. No. A79 AshmoleanMuseum, 1921.1418
Plate50 Cat. No. A80 AshmoleanMuseum, 1921.1419
Plate51a Cat. No. A83 Unknown
Plate51b Cat. No. A84 Unknown
Plate51c Cat. No. A87 Cairo, JE 64905
Plate51d-e Cat. No. A86 Cairo, JE 49371
Plate5If Cat. No. A96 Unknown
Plate52 Cat. No. A85 Boston,MFA 24.606
Plate54a-b Cat. No. A88 Boston,MFA 24.608
Plate54c-e Cat. No. A89 New York, MMA 26.2.9
407
,
Plate57a-b Cat. No. A92 New York, MMA 26.2.8

Plate57c-d Cat. No. A93 NeuchAtel,Eg. 328
Plate58a-b Cat. No. A94 Boston,MFA 24.607
Plate59a Cat. No. A97 Stockholm,MM 11412
Plate59b Cat. No. A98 Stockholm,MM 11413
Plate59c Cat. No. A99 Stockholm,MM 11411
Plate59d Cat. No. A 100 Unknown
Plate60a-b Cat. No. AlOI Neuchdtel,Eg. 329
Plate60c Cat. No. A 103 Hildesheim,RPM 3117
Plate60d Cat. No. A 102 Unknown
Plate61a Cat. No. A 104 Boston,MFA 37.1320
Plate61b Cat. No. A 105 Boston,MFA 24.1321
Plate61c Cat. No. A 107 Boston,MFA 12.1234
Plate61d-e Cat. No. A 108 Berkeley,PHMA 6-15203
Plate62 Cat. No. A 106 Berkeley,PHMA 6-22886
Plate63a-b Cat. No. A 109 Berkeley,PHMA 6-15207
Plate63c-d Cat. No. Al 10 Berkeley,PHMA 6-15201
Plate64a-b Cat. No. Al II Berkeley,PHMA 6-15205
Plate64c-d Cat. No. A 112 Berkeley,PHMA 6-15206
Plate69a Cat. No. A 121 Berkeley,PHMA 6-15218
Plate69b Cat. No. A 125 Berkeley?
408

Plate71a Cat. No. A 126 Berkeley,PHMA 6-12840
Plate71b Cat. No. A 127 Berkeley?
Plate71c-e Cat.No. BI Cairo, CG 139
Plate72a-b Cat. No. B2 Cairo, CG 380
Plate72c-d Cat. No. B7 Cairo, CG 155
Plate73a Cat. No. B3 Boston,MFA 13.3462
Plate73b Cat. No. B4 Boston,MFA 13.3463
Plate73c Cat. No. B5 Boston,MFA 13.3464
Plate74a-b Cat. No. B8 Berlin (East),Inv. Nr. 10858
Plate74c Cat. No. B9 Cairo, JE 10892
Plate74d-f Cat. No. B 10 Louvre,N 2293
Plate75a-b Cat. No. BII PetrieMuseum,UC 8844
Plate75c-d Cat. No. B 12 British Museum,EA 55584
Plate76a-b Cat. No. B 13 Hildesheim,RPM 1106
Plate76c Cat. No. B 15 CranbrookAcademyof Art, 401131
Plate77 Cat. No. B 14 WaltersArt Gallery, 22.30
Plate78a-b Cat. No. B 16 Allard PiersonMuseum,Inv. No. 48
Plate78c-d Cat. No. B 18 RhodeIsland, SDMA 25.031
Plate79 Cat. No. B 17 Hildesheim,RPM 67
Plate80a-b Cat. No. B 19 British Museum,EA 55261
Plate80c-d Cat. No. B20 Brussels,E 4905
Plate81a-c Cat. No. B21 New York, MMA 59.50.2
Plate81d Cat. No. B23 British Museum,EA 29563
Plate81e-f Cat. No. B24 Cairo, CG 220
Plate82 Cat. No. B22 Ny CarlsbergGlyptotek,AEIN1730
Plate83a-b Cat. No. B25 Fitzwilliarn Museum,41-1937
Plate83c-d Cat. No. B26 Leiden,RMO, AH 114
Plate84 Cat. No. B27 British Museum,EA 53899
Plate85a-b Cat. No. B28 Saint Louis Art Museum,1.1986
409
Plate85c-d Cat. No. B29 Cairo, CG 370

Plate86a-b Cat. No. B30 Leiden,RMO, AH 91
Plate86c-d Cat. No. B31 Hildesheim,RPM 1244
Plate87 Cat. No. B32 Cairo, JE 28855
Plate88 Cat.No. B33 Louvre, E 11566
Plate89a-b Cat. No. B34 Cairo, JE 29145
Plate89c-d Cat. No. B6 Cairo, JE 28990
Plate89e Cat. No. B37 Turin, Inv. Suppl.3104
Plate90a-b Cat. No. B35 Stockholm,MM 14725
Plate90c-d Cat. No. B36 Stockholm,MM 14689
Plate91a Cat. No. B38 Marseille,Mus6eBorely Inv. 218
Plate91b Cat. No. B39 Berlin, SMPK Inv. Nr. 1363
Plate91c Cat. No. B40 Turin, N. Suppl. 1197
Plate92a-c Cat. No. B41 SohagMagazine?
Plate92d Cat. No. B44 Cairo,CG 148
Plate92e-f Cat. No. B45 Turin, Inv. 1216
Plate93a-b Cat. No. B43 Cairo,JE 28901
Plate93c Cat. No. B42 Leiden,RMO F1938/7.7
Plate94a-b Cat. No. B46 PetrieMuseum,UC 16454
Plate94c-d Cat. No. B47 Unknown
Plate95a-b Cat. No. B48 Warsaw,236612MNW
Plate95c-d Cat. No. B49 Boston,MFA 13.3461
Plate96a-b Cat. No. B51 Copenhagen,
Nationalmuseet
AAb 153
Plate96c-d Cat. No. B52 Ny CarlsbergGlyptotek,,EIN 1561
Plate97d Cat. No. B59 New York, MMA 27.9.3
Plate97e-f Cat. No. B60 NeuchAtel,Eg. 424
Plate98a-b Cat. No. B54 Louvre, E 10357
Plate99a-b Cat. No. B56 AshmoleanMuseum,E 1881
Plate99c-d Cat. No. B57 Boston,MFA 24.609
410
Plate100 Cat. No. B58 NeucMtel, Eg. 425

Plate10ld-e Cat. No. B62 New York, MMA 27.9.4
Plate102c-d Cat. No. B65 Uppsala,VM 177
Plate103a-b Cat. No. B64 Chicago,Field MuseumInv. No. 30104
Plate103c-d Cat. No. B66 Unknown
Plate104a-b Cat. No. B67 Edinburgh,RSM 1921.1662
Plate105a-b Cat.No. B69 New York, MMA 58.125.3
Plate105c-d Cat. No. B73 KansasCity, NA 33.1400
Plate106c-d Cat. No. B72 PetrieMuseum,UC 16658
Plate106e-f Cat. No. B71 Yale, YAG 1956.33.48
Plate107 Cat. No. B74 Ny CarlsbergGlyptotekEIN 3
Plate108a Cat. No. B75 Marseille,MuseeBorely Inv. 217
Plate108b Cat.No. CI SaqqaraExcav.No. 3513-26[421]
Plate108c-d Cat.No. C4 Copenhagen,
Nationalmuseet7531
Plate109a-c Cat. No. C2 Cairo, JE 63110
Plate109d-e Cat. No. C3 Fitzwilliarn Museum,40-1937
PlateII Oa-b Cat. No. C5 Cairo, JE 28992
PlateII Oc-d Cat. No. C6 Cairo, JE 28994
PlateII Oe Cat. No. C7 ManchesterMuseum,4230
PlateI Ila Cat. No. C9 Berkeley,PHMA 6-19768
PlateII lb Cat. No. C 10 Cairo, JE 17331
PlateII Ic-d Cat. No. CII Cairo, CG 149
PlateI Ile Cat. No. C12 Turin, Inv. No. ?
Plate112a-b Cat.No. C8 Unknown
Plate112c Cat. No. C 13 Yale, YAG 1957.7.18
Plate112d-e Cat. No. C14 Cairo, JE 47036
PlateI 12f Cat. No. C 15 Cairo, JE 28902
411
LIST OF THE SOURCES OF THE PLATES
The majority of the photographs are my own study photographs, taken in situ with the
permission of the relevant Museum authorities, to whom I am extremely grateful. The
quality of these photographs varies with the individual circumstances of the location of
each statue in its museum. It was not always possible to have a pale background, nor to
place a scale. Sometimes the lighting conditions were not optimal, and often I had to
photograph through glass cases.The quality of the plates is high due to the fact that they
have been scanned into an Apple computer and printed with a raster, enabling high
quality reproductions to be made. In many casesthe reproduction is of a better quality

than the original! The majority of the statues I was not able to photograph myself have
been reproducedfrom published photographs.What follows is a list of those sources.
PI. I Cat. No. A I, JE 87698

a. Excavationphotograph,courtesyUniversityCollegeLondon.
Pl. 2 Cat. No. A2, JE 87699
a. Excavation photograph,courtesy University College London.

-
Pl. 3 Cat. No. A3, CG 34

b. EgyptianMuseum,No. 40.
Saleh/Sourouzian,
Cat. No. A4, CG 33
C. EgýptianMuseum,No. 4 1.
Saleh/Sourouzian,
Pl. 4 Cat. No. A5, JE 10177

a. Saleh/Sourouzian,
EgyptianMuseum,No. 42.
Pirenne,Histoire, Pl. opp. p. 156.
Pl. 7 Cat. No. A8, JE 40037

a. 5000jaar kunstuit Eg)pte, PI.7.
b. 5000alregyptiskkonst,Kat.33.
412
Pl. 9 Cat. No. A 11,MMA 26.9.3
a. Firth/Gunn,Teti P),ramid Cemeteries11,Pl. 18.
Pi. 10 Cat. No. A 13,MFA 13.3466

b. Illustrated Handbook of the Museum of Fine Arts. Boston
1976,p. 161.
Pi. 11 a. ASAE48, Pl. 11.

Cat. No. A 17,JE 93175
C. Special Catalogue,Courtesy of Egyptian Museum.
Pl. 13 Cat. No. A 16,JE 93173

a. ASAE55, Pl. XII.
Cat. No. A22, JE 93174
b. ASAE55, Pl. XI.
Pl. 14 Cat. No. A 18,JE 93167

a. ASAE55, Pl. XVI.
Cat. No. A21. JE 93169
C. ASAE55, Pl. VII.
Pl. 15 Cat. No. A20, JE 93171

b. ASAE 55, Pl. X.
PI. 16 Bulletin 19 (1984), 11.

Medelhavsmuseet
Pi. 19 Cat. No. A26, MM 11410

b. Medellmsmuseet Bulletin 19 (1984), 16.
Pl. 23 Cat. No. 32, JE 51738

d. Saleh/Sourouzian,
EgyptianMuseum,No. 55.
413
PI. 26 Cat. No. A41, Brooklyn 53.222
a.-c. Courtesyof The Brooklyn Museum.
Pl. 27 Cat. No. A42, Brooklyn 50.77
a.-c. Courtesy of The Brooklyn Museum.
Pl. 28 Cat. No. A43, Brooklyn 5 1.1
a.-c. Courtesy of The Brooklyn Museum.
Pl. 29 Cat. No. A45, CG 267

a. Fechheimer, Plastik, Pl. 41.
Cat. No. A49
b. Petrie, Sedment,Pl. XI, 7.
Cat. No. A46, Cairo JE 46992
C. Beekman, Hout, Pl. 7.91.

Cat. No. A47, British Museum EA 55722
d. Mokhtar, flinds)-a, Pl. 14 A.
Cat. No. A48, Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek AEIN 1560
e. Mokhtar, Ihnasya, Pl. 14 B.
Pl. 30 Cat. No. A5 1, R6mer-PelizaeusMuseum Inv. Nr. 1572
c CAA Hildesheini 4,15

d. Eggebrecht,AR, No. 37
Pl. 31 Cat. No. A52, R6mer-PelizaeusMuseum Inv. Nr. 1574
a. CAA Hildesheim 4,22.

Cat. No. A53, Leipzig 2688
b. Courtesy of Karl Marx Universiffit Agypti'sches Museum,
Leipzig.
Cat. No. A54, British Musuem EA 29594
C. Brovarski, Milanges Moklitar 1, Pl. VI.
Pl. 35 Cat. No. A57, JE 59631

a. Mquier,Douzeans de Fouilles, fig. 37.
414
Pl. 41 Cat. No. A64, Eg. 400
a. Mquier, TombeauxdesParticuliers, Pl. XIII [lower right].
Cat. No. A69, Eg.403
b. Mquier, TombeauxdesParticuliers, Pl. XIII [lower left]
Pl. 47 Cat. No. A81, Eg. 401
C. Mquier, Tombeauxdes Particuliers, Pl. XIII [upper right].

Cat. No. A82, Eg. 402
d. Mquier, Tombeauxdes Particuliers, Pl. XIII [upper left].
Pl. 51 Cat. No. A83
a. Gunn, MSS XIV. 42[2]. Medelhavstnuseet Bulletin 20

(1985),20.
Cat. No. A84
b. Gunn, MSS XIV. 42[2]. Medelhavsmuseet Bulletin 20
(1985),20.
Cat. No. A87, JE 64905
C. Gunn, MSS XIV. 42[2]. Medelhavsinuseet Bulletin 20
(1985),20.
Cat. No. A86, JE 49371
d. Drioton, Encyclopediephotographique de Vart, Pl. 43
e. Beekman, Hout in alle tUden1, Afb. 7.92 on p. 543

Cat. No. A96
L Gunn, MSS XIV. 43[2]. Medelhavsmuseet Bulletin 20
(1985),21.
Pl. 57 Cat. No. A93, Eg. 328

c-d. MedellmsmuseetBulletin 20 (1985), 11.
Pl. 59 Cat. No. A97, MM 11412;.

a. Bulletin 20 (1985), 17.
Medelhavsmitseet
Cat. No. A98, MM 11413;
b. Medelhavsmuseet
Bulletin 20 (1985), 19.
415
Pi. 59 Cat. No. A99, MM 11411
C. Bulletin 20 (1985), 15.
Medelhavsmuseet
Cat. No. A 100
d. Gunn, MSS XIV. 43[l]. Medelhavsmuseet Bulletin 20
(1985),21.
Pl. 60 Cat. No. A101, Eg. 329
a-b. Bulletin 20 (1985), 12.

Medelhavsmuseet
Cat. No. A 103,RPM 3117
C. CAAHildesheirn4,107.
Cat. No. A 102
d. Gunn, MSS XIV. 42[l]. Medelhavsmuseet Bulletin 20
(1985),23.
Pl. 61 Cat. No. A108, Berkeley,PHMA 6-15203

d-e. Courtesyof E. Brovarski.
Pl. 65 Cat. No. Al 13,PHMA 6-15208

a-b. Courtesyof E. Brovarski.
Pl. 69 Cat.'No. A121, PHMA 6-15218

a. Courtesyof E. Brovarski.
Cat. No. A 125
b. Courtesyof E. Brovarski.
Pl. 71 Cat. No. A 127

b. Courtesy of E. Brovarski.
Pl. 74 Cat.No. B8, Berlin 10858

a-b. Fechheimer,Plastik,Pls-36-37.
,
Cat. No. B9, JE 10892
C. Borchardt,Statuen1,No. 121.
416
Pl. 76 MuseumInv. Nr. 1106
Cat. No. B 13,R6mer-Pelizaeus
a-b. CAAHildesheim4,3 and4A
Cat. No. B 15,CranfieldAcademyof Art, 401131
C. CourtesyWaltersArt Gallery.

Cat. No. B17, R6mer-Pelizaeus
a-d. Museum.
Courtesyof R6mer-Pelizaeus

Cat. No. B3 1, R6mer-Pelizaeus
c-d. CAAHildesheim4,9 and 4,10.
Pl. 88 Cat. No. B33, Louvre E 11566

a-c. Courtesyof The Louvre.
Pl. 89 Cat. No. B6, JE 28990
C. Kanawati,El Hawawish,VII, Pl. 20a.

d. Borchardt,Statuenf,No. 233.
Cat. No. B37, Turin Inv. Suppl.3104
e. DonadoniRoveri,L'arti della celebrazione,fig. 201.
Pl. 91 Cat.No. B38, Borely 218;

a. Courtesy Mus6e Borely.
Cat. No. B39, Berlin 1363
b. Kaiser, Ag)ptisches Museum, Pl. 302.
Cat. No. B40, Turin N 1197
C. Donadoni Roveri, Lard della celebrazione, fig. 202.
Pl. 92 Cat. No. B41

a-c. Kanawati,El-Hawaivish,X, Pl. 5.
Pl. 93 Cat. No. B42

C. CourtesyRijksmuseumvan Oudheden,Leiden
417
Pl. 94 Cat. No. B47
c-d. CourtesyDetroit Instituteof Arts.
Pl. 95 Cat. No. B48,236612 MNW

a-b. Courtesy National Museum, Warsaw.
Pl. 97 Cat. No. B60, Eg. 424

e-f Courtesy Mus6e d'Ethnographie, NeuchAtel.
pl. 100 Cat. No. B58, Eg. 425

a-c. CourtesyMuseed'Ethnographie,NeucMtel.
PI. 102 Cat. No. B63, JE 5381

b. Borchardt,Statuenl,No. 126
Cat. No. B65, VM 177
c-d. Courtesyof Victoria Museum,Uppsala.
Pl. 103 Cat.No. B66, N90;

c-d. Courtesyof E. Brovarski.
Pl. 108 Cat. No. B75, Borely 217

a. Courtesy Mus6e Borely
Cat. No. C 1,3513-26[421];
b. Martin, SAN, Pl. 41 [1598]
Pl. III Cat. No. C9, Berkeley 6-19768

a. Pirenne, Histoire, Pl. between pp. 316-17.
Pl. 112 Cat. No. C8

a-b. Courtesyof E. Brovarski
Cat. No. C13, YAG 1957.7.18
C. CourtesyYale UniversityArt Gallery
Cat. No. C15, JE 28902
f. Borchardt,Statueffl,No.'226
418
ABBREVIATIONS "'
ADAIK - AbIwndlungen des DeutschenArchdologischen Instituts Kairo, Glackstadt.

AA Agyptologische Abhandlungen, Wiesbaden.
-
AF- Agyptologische Forschungen, GlUckstadt.
AEO - Ancient Egyptian Onomastica.
AJA - American Journal ofArchaeology, Baltimore.
ANEP - Pritchard, J. B., The Ancient Near East in Pictures. Relating to the Old
Testament(Princeton, 1954).
AnzÖAW- Anzieger der ÖsterreichischenAkudemie der Wissenschaften,Wien.
AR - Eggebrecht, A. (ed.), Das Alte Reich. Ägypten im Zeitalter der Pyranziden
(Hildesheim,1986).
ASAE- Annalesdu servicedesantiquitgsde Itgypte, Cairo.
ASE - ArchaeologiealSurveyof Egypt, London
BdE - Bibliothequed'itude, Institutefranpis d'arch6ologieorientale,Cairo.
Berlin, Ausf. Verz. - Königliche Museen zu Berlin: Ausführliches Verzeichnisder
AegyptischenAltertümer und Gipsabgüsse(Zweite, völlig ungearbeitete Auflage,
Berlin, 1899).
BMFA - Bulletin of theMuseumof Fine Arts, Boston.
BMMA - Bulletin of theMetropolitanMuseumofArt, New York.
BROMA - Bulletin of the Roval Ontario Museum,Division of Art and Archaeology,
Toronto.
BSAE - British School of Archaeology in Egypt, London.
CAA - Corpus Antiquitatum Aeg)ptiacantin
CGC - Catalogue G6n6ral des Antiquit6s Ügyptiennes du Mus6e du Caire, Cairo.
CdE - Chronique dIýgypte, Brussels.
DAWW - Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaftenin Wien, Phil.-
hist. KI., Vienna.
DE - Discussions in Eg)ptology,
EEF - Egyptian Exploration Fund, London.
EES - Egypt Exploration Society, London.
GM - GOinger Miszellen, G6ttingen.
HESPOK - Smith, W. S., A History of Egyptian Sculpture in the Old Kingdom [2nd
ed.] (London, 1949).
HUMFA - HarvardUniversity/Museumof Fine Arts Expedition.
ILN - Illustrated LondonNews.
JAOS- Journal of theAmericanOrientalSociety,New Haven.
JARCE - Journal of theAmericanResearchCenterin Eg3pt,Boston.
JEA - Journal of Eg)ptian Archaeology,London.
JNES- Journal offear EasternStudies,Chicago.
JWAG- Journal of the WaltersAil Gallery,Baltimore.
419
LAAA - Liverpool Annals ofArchaeology and Anthropology.
LA - Lexik-onder Ag)ptologie, (Wiesbaden, 1972-1992).
MÄS - Münchner Ägyptologische Studien, Berlin, Munich.
MDAIK - Mitleflungen des Deutschen Archdologischen Instituts, Abteilung Kairo,
Mainz.
MMA - MetropolitanMuseumof Art, New York.
MMAF - M6moirespubli6s par les membresde la mission archeologiquefrangaiseau
Caire,Paris.
MMJ - Metropolitan Museum Journal, New York.
MSS - manuscript.
MVEOL - Mededelingen en Verhandelingen van het Vooraziatisch-Egyptisch
Genootschap "Ex OrienteLux", Leiden.
NGWG - Nachrichten von der Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen, Phil. -
hist. KI., Fachgruppe L Altertumswissenschaften,G6ttingen.
Or - Orientalia, Nova Series, Rome.
PHMA - Phoebe Hearst Museum of Anthropology (formerly Robert H. Lowie Museum
of Anthropology), University of California at Berkeley, California.
PM - B. Porter & R. L. B. Moss, Topographical Bibliography of Ancient Egyptian
Hieroglyphic Texts,Reliefs and Paintings. 7 vols. (Oxford, 1927-1981).
PSBA - Proceedingsof the Society of Biblical Archaeology, London.
RT - Recueil de travaux rilatifs ii la philologie et Li Parcheologie egyptiennes et
assyriennes,Paris. .I
SAGA - Studien zur Archdologie und GeschichteAlffigyptens, Heidelberg.
SAK- Studien zur Altdg)ptischen Kultur, Hamburg.
SAN - Sacred Animal Necropolis, Saqqara.
SASAE - Supplements aux annales du service des antiquitis de I'tg)Tte, Cahier,
Cairo.
Wb. - W6rterbuch.
WZKM - Wiener ZeitschfiftfiIr die Kunde des Morgenlandes, Vienna.
ZAS - ZeitschriftjurAgyptische Sprache undAltertumskunde, Leipzig, Berlin.
420
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437
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1, -,

A TYPOLOGICAL STUDY OF EGYPTIAN WOODEN STATUES OF THE

by Julia Carol Harvey

University College London

A corpusof 217 woodenstatuesdating from the Egyptian Old Kingdom is examined

Appendix I discussesthe texts inscribed on 51 of the statues.These consist of the names

examined in detail and it emergesthat its use changedover time.

woods are sycamore and acacia.

Appendix3 is a tableof the datingfeaturesbasedon CatalogueA which, whenappliedto

sometimes photographs of, the in

my researches,and who without exception permitted me to take study photographs.This

paralleled by statuesin Catalogue B. Statueswhich must be supposedto date to the Old

alten Agypten, AA 31 (Wiesbaden, 1976).

also expands. The in

THE FEATURE LIST

The list of featureswhich follows is assembledfrom dataderivedfrom Catalogue

shapedlocks on the crown of the head.

Echelon 'A formation of troops in which the successivedivisions are

placed parallel to one another, but no two on the same

Echelon-curl wig A wig madeup of a numberof layersof locks arrangedin an

Goffer 'To make wavy by means of heated goffering-irons; to flute

Natural fist The handis clenchedandthe fingersareheld flush againstthe

Sheath dress A close-fitting garment worn by women, stretching from

Steinkent(e) A short cylindrical object held in the aperturecausedwhen

Trapeziform 'Having the form of a trapezium.,41

parallel.'42The American English terrn is trapezoid.

shoulders, with the remainder of the hair falling down the

41 Oxford English Dictionary

W. 1 Short echelon-curlwig, covering the ears.The locks may be rectangular,

Twenty-nine statuesfrom CatalogueA, dating from the reign of Snefru

W. Ia Shortechelon-curlwig, revealingthe ears.(Fig. 1a)

One statuefrom CatalogueA dating to the reign of Teti. 49

44 Vandier, Manuel, 101-102; Shoukhry, SASAE 15,78;

whose "beautiful names" Pepinefer and Meryrenefer indicate that he lived

any time from the reign of Pepi I onwards.

reign of Teti to the end of the reign of Pepi 11.

W. 1b Short echelon-curl wig, revealing the earlobes.(Fig. 1a)

This wig does not appear on representationsof statuesor on stone statuesat

W. 1C Only the fringe of an echelon-curlwig is extant.

W. 2 Close-fitting coiffure, decoratedwith carved horizontal lines. (Fig. lb)

One statuefrom CatalogueA, dating to Dynasty IV, has this coiffure. 58

W. 3 Short, close-fitting natural coiffure, either painted,and/or carved.59(Fig. I b)

Twenty-onestatuesfrom CatalogueA wear this style, rangingin datefrom

W.3a Shavenheaded.It is possiblethat this was originally a painted,short,close-

Three statuesfrom Catalogue C wear this wig. 67

W. 4a Flared, smooth wig, partly revealing the ears.(Fig. 1b)

65 E. Smith, HESPOK, Pls. 14 & 15. Some

WAb Flared,smoothwig, coveringthe ears.(Fig. lb)

WAc Flared,striatedwig, with parting,coveringthe earsandreachingto just above

Four statuesfrom CatalogueA datingfrom the reign of Unasthroughto the

One statuefrom CatalogueC wearsthis wig, No. C14. It cannotbe reliably

on any stone statueof the period.

WS Echelon-curlwig with onelong layerto the level of the forehead,thenseveral

W. 6 Echelon-curl wig in vertical rows, revealing the ears. (Fig. la)

No representations of statues wear this wig, nor do there appear to be any

examplesof it in the repertory of stone statues.

W. 6a As W.6, but revealingthe earlobes.(Fig. la)

One statuefrom CatalogueB wearsthis wig.86It datesto early in the reign

W. 6b, As W. 6, but covering the ears. (Fig. I a)