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TBM Selection and Specification

The document discusses the selection and specification of tunnel boring machines (TBMs) for underground construction projects. It covers key challenges in TBM selection such as ground conditions, stability, and risk. It also describes different TBM technologies including hard rock, slurry shield, and earth pressure balance machines. The document provides guidance on conducting a thorough selection process, considerations around employer versus contractor procurement, and the level of specification required. It stresses the importance of understanding ground conditions and the machine's objectives when choosing a suitable TBM.

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308 views

TBM Selection and Specification

The document discusses the selection and specification of tunnel boring machines (TBMs) for underground construction projects. It covers key challenges in TBM selection such as ground conditions, stability, and risk. It also describes different TBM technologies including hard rock, slurry shield, and earth pressure balance machines. The document provides guidance on conducting a thorough selection process, considerations around employer versus contractor procurement, and the level of specification required. It stresses the importance of understanding ground conditions and the machine's objectives when choosing a suitable TBM.

Uploaded by

vkarayanadath
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 18

TBM Selection and Specification

By Bradford F. Townsend and Paul E. Jenkins


Date: 13 June 2009

 TBM Selection and Specification

 TBM Selection - Challenges to be met


 TBM Technology
 Auxiliary Measures and Backup
 New Developments
 Summary of Selection Process
 Procurements
 Specification
 Conclusions
 TBM Selection – Challenges to be Met

 Ground Movements
 Ground Water Control
 Excavation Stability
 Speed of Construction
 Dealing with the unforeseen
 Site Consideration
 Risk and Cost

 TBM Selection – Challenges to be Met


 Geology
 Tunnel Alignment
– Design and build to negotiate both Vert. & Horiz. Alignment
 Tunnel Diameter
 Site Restrictions
– Mechanisms to deliver, assemble and launch the TBM will
impact TBM type employed
 Local Experience and Availability
 Project Time-frame
– TBM can be customised exactly in accordance with projects
specification
 TBM Selection - Challenges to be Met

DSD Tsuen Wan Drainage Tunnel


KDB200 – Kowloon Southern Link WIL 703 – West Island Line

SMART Tunnel (Singapore) CLP Castle Peak cable Tunnel

 TBM Selection and Specification

 TBM Selection - Challenges to be met


 TBM Technology
 Auxiliary Measures and Backup
 New Developments
 Summary of Selection Process
 Procurements
 Specification
 Conclusions
Pressure
Bulkhead
TBM Technology Push Cylinder
Shield Tail
Seal
Segments

Compressed Airlock

Cutting
Wheel

Excavation
Chamber
Cutting Wheel Erector Conveyor Belt
Drive
Screw Conveyor

 TBM Technology-Types of TBM

Open Mode TBM EPB TBM

Slurry Shield TBM Multi Head EPM TBM Mixed Shield TBM
 TBM Technology –Types of TBM
1. ‘O pen’H ard Rock TBM s
 Circular-Head Equipped with disc-cutters spaced in spiral
fashion from centre to periphery
 Selected for tunnels in solid rock (UCS 50-300MPa)
 Provides no means of preventing groundwater entering
the excavation

 TBM Technology – Open mode TBMs

Open Face Shields

Gripper Shield Segmental Shield Double Shield


 2.
TBM Technology – Principal Types of TBM
Shielded TBMs
 Suitable for low face stability
 Pre-cast concrete segmental lining constructed directly behind the
shield
 Different types of TBM shields to suit different ground conditions
(i.e. Slurry Machines, Mixed Shields, Earth Pressure Balance
Machines)
 Depending on ground conditions, Cutters discs or soft-ground
picks and scrapers may be equipped accordingly

 TBM Technology – Shield TBM (Closed) Family

Closed Face TBM

Mechanical Compressed Earth Pressure Mixed Face


Slurry Shield Shield
Support Air Shield Balance TBM
 TBM Technology – Slurry or Earth Pressure Balance??

Advantages of Earth Pressure Balance Machines


 In the event of face collapse, ground loss is limited
 Able to operate in open mode in firm ground
 Better production rates are possible
 Lower capital cost
 Smaller work Site and launch shaft
Advantages of Slurry TBMs
 Working pressure control is systematic
 Muck is only evident at the surface
 Less power requirement at cutterhead
 Less torque required
 Easier to understand and operate
 Reduced cutter wear, less frequent interventions

 TBM Selection and Specification

 TBM Selection - Challenges to be met


 TBM Technology
 Auxiliary Measures and Backup
 New Developments
 Summary of Selection Process
 Procurements
 Specification
 Conclusions
 Auxiliary Measures and Back-up -
Precast segmental lining

 Auxiliary Measures and Back-up -


Cutter Disc
 Auxiliary Measures - Site Constraints
 Segment Storage

 TBM Back-up

 Slurry treatment plant


 Compressed Air
 Medical locks
 Electrical sub-station

 Excavated material storage


 Cutter workshop
 Bentonite / conditioner storage

 Auxiliary Measures and Back-up -


Slurry Plant
 Auxiliary Measures - Facilities

 Automatic guidance system


 Real time information
 Automated segment erection

 TBM Selection and Specification

 TBM Selection - Challenges to be met


 TBM Technology
 Auxiliary Measures and Backup
 New Developments
 Summary of Selection Process
 Procurements
 Specification
 Conclusions
 New Developments

Non-Circular Section by Tunnel


Boring Machine Technology
Non-Circular Tunnel Boring Machine

Example of tunnel cross section

 New Developments – Post Reaming

Tunnel Boring by Reaming - TBE


 TBM Selection and Specification

 TBM Selection - Challenges to be met


 TBM Technology
 Auxiliary Measures and Backup
 New Developments
 Summary of Selection Process
 Procurements
 Specification
 Conclusions

 Summary of Selection - Process

Is a TBM Required?

 Drive length / programme


 Ground conditions
 Ground water
 Environmental considerations
 Control of settlements
 Shape of the tunnel
 Summary of Selection - Process

What type of TBM

 Stability of the face


 Ground conditions
 Site constraints
 Special features

 Summary of Selection - Process

Are there remaining risks

 Unforeseen conditions
 Border line ground conditions
Is it clear what TBM should be selected?
 TBM Selection and Specification

 TBM Selection - Challenges to be met


 TBM Technology
 Auxiliary Measures and Backup
 New Developments
 Summary of Selection Process
 Procurement
 Specification
 Conclusions

 TBM Procurement

Level playing field

 State clearly the Employer’s Requirements


 Consider base lining the principal assumptions
 To specify or not to specify
 Cash flow
Who should procure?
 TBM Procurement
Employer Procurement
Advantages Disadvantage
 Potential programme  Claims from Contractor on
advantage suitability
 Certainty of machine type  Reduces contractor’s
innovation
 Base lines a major risk
 Suitability to final design
 Base lines functionality
 Dictates method of working
 Greater certainty in
costs/cash flow  The client is sold a pup

 TBM Procurement
Contractor Procurement
Advantages Disadvantage
 Allows innovation in TBM  Long lead in times
design
 May seek to cut costs
 Best placed to manage risks
 Cash flow
 Utilisation of existing plant
 Use of preferred supplier
 High level of experience
 Total sign-up to delivery
 TBM Selection and Specification

 TBM Selection - Challenges to be met


 TBM Technology
 Auxiliary Measures and Backup
 New Developments
 Summary of Selection Process
 Procurements
 Specification
 Conclusions

 TBM Specification

 Only use detailed specification if you are sure that it


will meet the requirements
 Specification should not rule out and competition
 Clearly state Employer’s Requirements
 Check that the Specification is not in conflict with base
lined information
 Maintain options if compatible with approach
 Be mindful of Contractor’s preference
 TBM Selection and Specification

 TBM Selection - Challenges to be met


 TBM Technology
 Auxiliary Measures and Backup
 New Developments
 Summary of Selection Process
 Procurements
 Specification
 Conclusions

 TBM Selection and Specification -


Conclusions

 Knowledge of ground conditions is essential


 Knowledge of the possible impact of tunnelling is essential
 Be clear on what you are expecting the TBM to achieve
 Is your selection of TBM compatible with base line items
 Is your selection of TBM compatible with site constraints
 Determine who is best placed to procure the TBM
 Don’t over specify

TBM Selection and Specification

The End
Thank You

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