Designation: F606 – 11

Standard Test Methods for

Determining the Mechanical Properties of Externally and
Internally Threaded Fasteners, Washers, Direct Tension
Indicators, and Rivets1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F606; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.

1. Scope* 1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded

1.1 These test methods cover establishment of procedures as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
for conducting tests to determine the mechanical properties of standard.
externally and internally threaded fasteners, washers, direct NOTE 1—A complete metric companion to Test Methods F606 has been
tension indicators, and rivets. developed—F606M; therefore, no metric equivalents are shown in these
1.2 Property requirements and the applicable tests for their test methods.
determination are specified in individual product standards. In 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
those instances where the testing requirements are unique or at safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
variance with these standard procedures, the product standard responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
shall specify the controlling testing requirements. priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
1.3 These test methods describe mechanical tests for deter- bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
mining the following properties:
Section 2. Referenced Documents
For Externally Threaded Fasteners: 3
Product Hardness 3.1
2.1 ASTM Standards:2
Proof Load 3.2.1 A394 Specification for Steel Transmission Tower Bolts,
Method 1, Length Measurement 3.2.3 Zinc-Coated and Bare
Method 2, Yield Strength 3.2.4
Method 3, Uniform Hardness 3.2.5
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
Axial Tension Testing of Full-Size Product 3.4 E8 Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials
Wedge Tension Testing of Full-Size Product 3.5 E10 Test Method for Brinell Hardness of Metallic Materials
Tension Testing of Machined Test Specimens 3.6
Total Extension at Fracture Test 3.7
E18 Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness of Metallic Ma-
Single Sheer Test 3.8 terials
For Internally Threaded Fasteners: 4 E83 Practice for Verification and Classification of Exten-
Product Hardness 4.1
Proof Load Test 4.2
someter Systems
Cone Proof Load Test 4.3 E92 Test Method for Vickers Hardness of Metallic Materi-
For Washers and Direct Tension Indicators: 5 als3
Product Hardness-General Requirements 5.1
Through Hardened Washers 5.2
E384 Test Method for Knoop and Vickers Hardness of
Carburized Washers 5.3 Materials
Stainless Steel and Nonferrous Washers 5.4 F436 Specification for Hardened Steel Washers
Direct Tension Indicators 5.5
Compression Load 5.6
F606M Test Methods for Determining the Mechanical
For Rivets: 6 Properties of Externally and Internally Threaded Fasteners,
Product Hardness 6.1 Washers, and Rivets (Metric)
Test for Embrittlement of Metallic-Coated Externally Threaded 7
Fasteners F959 Specification for Compressible-Washer-Type Direct
Test Method for Determining Decarburization and Carburization 8

2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F16 on contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Fasteners and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F16.01 on Test Methods. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved May 15, 2011. Published June 2011. Originally the ASTM website.
3
approved in 1979. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as F606 – 10a. DOI: Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced
10.1520/F0606-11. on www.astm.org.

*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.

Copyright. © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbour Dr. P.O. box C700, West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania 19428-2959, United States
Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Fri Nov 11 08:15:19 EST 2011
1
Downloaded/printed by
Johnson Controls pursuant to License Agreement. No further reproductions authorized.
 F606 – 11
Tension Indicators for Use with Structural Fasteners Refer to the product specification for particular test location or
F1624 Test Method for Measurement of Hydrogen Em- use the arbitration location.
brittlement Threshold in Steel by the Incremental Step 3.1.1.4 The Rockwell Hardness Scale may be used for all
Loading Technique product diameters; however, the Brinell hardness is limited to
F2328 Test Method for Determining Decarburization and products over 11⁄2-in. nominal diameter.
Carburization in Hardened and Tempered Threaded Steel 3.1.2 Laboratory Inspection—After observing 3.1 and
Bolts, Screws and Studs 3.1.1, a minimum of three readings shall be taken on each
2.2 Military Standard:4 sample of finished product.
MIL STD 1312, Test 13 and Test 20
3.1.3 Arbitration Test Location—For purposes of arbitration
between the purchaser and seller over reported test results,
3. Test Methods for Externally Threaded Fasteners
hardness tests shall be conducted at the mid-radius (r/2) of a
3.1 Product Hardness—Tests shall be conducted after the transverse section through the threads taken at a distance of
removal of any surface oxide, decarburization, plating or other approximately one diameter from the point end of the bolt or
coating. All readings shall be within the hardness values listed one end of the stud. Four readings shall be taken from the point
in the product specification. The average of all readings on the end of the bolt or one end of the stud. Four readings shall be
same part shall be considered as the product hardness. Test taken approximately 90° to one another on the same plane, if
results shall conform to the product specification for the lot product size permits. Smaller diameter products may also use
represented by the test specimens to be considered conforming. the opposite parallel surface area of the bolt head end as
Test specimen preparation and hardness tests shall be con- sectioned above (see Fig. 1). The use of Brinell hardness is
ducted in accordance with Test Methods E18 for Rockwell limited to product sizes greater than 21⁄4-in. nominal diameter.
tests, Test Method E10 for Brinell tests, Test Method E92 for 3.2 Tension Tests—It is preferred that bolts and studs be
Vickers tests, or Test Method E384 for Microhardness tests. tested full size, and it is customary, when so testing, to specify
The method used is at the option of the manufacturer, with a minimum ultimate load (or stress) in pounds-force (or
regards to the size and grade of the products. pounds-force per square inch.) Sections 3.2-3.5 apply when
3.1.1 Routine Test Locations—For testing the hardness of testing externally threaded fasteners full size. Section 3.6 shall
the finished product, the following test locations can be used: apply where the individual product specifications permit the
3.1.1.1 For hex and square head bolts; test shall be con- use of machined specimens (see Test Methods E8).
ducted on the wrench flats, top of head, unthreaded shank, end
of bolt or at the arbitration location. 3.2.1 Proof Load—The proof-load test consists of stressing
3.1.1.2 For studs, products without parallel wrench flats and the product with a specified load that the product must
for head styles other than hex and square; tests shall be withstand without measurable permanent set. Alternative tests
conducted on the unthreaded shank, end of the bolt or stud or for determining the ability of a fastener to pass the proof-load
at the arbitration location. test are the yield strength test and the uniform hardness test.
3.1.1.3 Stress relieved products (3.1.1.1 and 3.1.1.2) are Either Method 1 (3.2.3), Method 2 (3.2.4), or Method 3 (3.2.5)
measured anywhere on the surface or through the cross section. may be used, but Method 1 shall be the arbitration method in
case of any dispute as to acceptance of the product (see Test
Methods E8).
3.2.2 In both Methods 1 and 2, assemble the product in the
4
Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4, fixture of the tension testing machine so that six complete
Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098, http:// threads (except for heavy hex structural bolts, which shall be
www.dodssp.daps.mil.

FIG. 1 Hardness Arbitration Test Location

Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Fri Nov 11 08:15:19 EST 2011
2
Downloaded/printed by
Johnson Controls pursuant to License Agreement. No further reproductions authorized.
 F606 – 11
based on four threads) are exposed between the grips. This is specification. This load shall be maintained for a period of 10
obtained by freely running the nut or fixture to the thread s before releasing the load. Replace the fastener between the
runout of the specimen and then unscrewing the specimen six measuring anvils and rotate at least 360 degrees as before. The
full turns. For continuous thread bolts, at least six full threads fastener shall be stopped at the position where the lowest value
shall be exposed between the fixture ends; however, for referee is indicated. The measurement shall show no permanent
purposes, six full threads shall be exposed. elongation. A tolerance of 60.0005 in. shall be allowed (for
3.2.3 Method 1, Length Measurement—To ensure consistent measurement error only) between the measurement made
and repetitive length measurements of the fastener, the before loading and that made after loading. Variables such as
threaded end and top of the bolt head shall have conical straightness, thread alignment, or measurement error could
depressions made at the approximate axis or center line of the result in apparent elongation of the product when the specified
fastener. In the event of a dispute over test results the test shall proof load is initially applied. In such cases, the product may
be conducted after the removal of all manufacturer or grade be retested using a 3 % greater load, and shall be considered
markings, surface oxide, decarburization, plating, other coat- acceptable if there is no difference in the length measurement
ing, or a combination thereof, to achieve a clean, flat surface after this loading within a 0.0005 in. measurement tolerance as
and the conical depressions shall be created using a lathe or outlined.
some type of centering fixture. All debris shall be removed 3.2.4 Method 2, Yield Strength—Assemble the product in
from the conical depressions before measuring the part. When the testing equipment as outlined in 3.4. As the load is applied,
fasteners are too long to test in the available equipment they measure and record the total elongation of the product or any
may be cut to 8 inches 6 0.125 and tested using Method 1. If part of it that includes the exposed threads to produce a
there is a dispute over results when testing the same part or lot load-elongation diagram. Determine the load or stress at an
of parts both full size and cut to 8 inches the 8 inch test results offset equal to 0.2 % of the length of bolt occupied by six full
shall be used to determine acceptance. The measuring instru- threads as shown in Fig. 2 (except for heavy hex structural
ment shall have pointed anvils which mate with the center line bolts, which shall be based on four threads) by the method
depressions and be capable of measuring changes in length of described in 3.6.3.1.
0.0001 in. with an accuracy of 0.0001 in. in any 0.001 in. 3.2.4.1 Method 2A, Yield Strength for Austenitic Stainless
range. Place the fastener between the measuring anvils. The Steel and Non-ferrous Materials—Assemble the product in the
fastener shall be rotated at least 360 degrees to assure sound testing equipment as outlined in 3.4. As the load is applied,
seating. At the position where the lowest value is indicated the measure and record the total elongation of the product in order
instrument shall be zeroed or the indicated measurement shall to produce a load elongation diagram. Determine the load or
be recorded. If using a bolt extensometer, the bolt with attached stress at an offset equal to 0.2 % strain based on the length of
extensometer may be assembled into the tension testing ma- the bolt between the holders as shown in Fig. 2, which will be
chine. If not, mark the fastener so it may be placed as close as subject to elongation under load by using the method described
possible to the same position for the second reading. Remove in 3.6.3.1.
and assemble the fastener into the tension testing machine as 3.2.5 Method 3, Uniform Hardness—The fasteners shall be
outlined in 3.4. With a test speed which shall not exceed 0.12 tested for hardness as described in 3.1, and in addition, the
in./min, as determined with a free-running cross head, axially hardness shall also be determined in the core. The difference
load the fastener to the proof load value specified in the product between the mid-radius and core hardness shall be not more

FIG. 2 Tension Testing of Full-Size Bolt (Typical Set-Up)

Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Fri Nov 11 08:15:19 EST 2011
3
Downloaded/printed by
Johnson Controls pursuant to License Agreement. No further reproductions authorized.
 F606 – 11
than 3 points on a Rockwell C Scale; and both readings must of the internally threaded test fixture after the minimum tensile
be within product specification. This test is valid for fasteners strength requirement has been reached, the fasteners shall be
up to and including 1 in. in diameter. considered conforming to the tensile strength requirement.
3.3 Bolts or Studs Too Short for Tension Testing—Product 3.5 Wedge Tension Testing of Full-Size Product—The
lengths less than those shown in Table 1 for product 1⁄4 through wedge tensile strength of a hex or square-head fastener,
3⁄4 in. in diameter and less than three diameters in length for socket-head cap screw (with the exception of socket button or
product above 3⁄4 in. in diameter, or that do not have sufficient flat countersunk head products) or stud is the tensile load that
threads for proper engagement and still leave the specified the product is capable of sustaining when stressed with a
number of complete threads exposed between the grips, shall wedge under the head. The purpose of this test is to obtain the
be deemed too short for tension testing, and acceptance shall be tensile strength and demonstrate the “head quality” and duc-
based on a hardness test performed in accordance with 3.1. If tility of the product.
tests other than product hardness are required, their require- 3.5.1 Wedge Tension Testing of Bolts—Determine the ulti-
ments should be referenced in the product specification. mate load of the bolt as described in 3.4 except place a wedge
3.4 Axial Tension Testing of Full-Size Products: under the bolt head. When both wedge tension and proof load
3.4.1 Test bolts in a holder with the load axially applied testing are required by the product specification use the proof
between the head and a nut or suitable fixture (Fig. 2), either of load-tested bolts for wedge testing. The wedge shall have a
which shall have sufficient thread engagement to develop the minimum hardness of 45 HRC. Additionally, the wedge shall
full strength of the product. Assemble the nut or fixture on the have a minimum thickness of one half the nominal bolt
product, leaving a minimum of six complete bolt threads diameter (measured at the thin side of the hole, see Fig. 3). The
exposed between the grips except for heavy hex structural wedge shall have an included angle as shown in Table 2 for the
bolts, which shall have four complete threads exposed between product type being tested. The hole in the wedge shall have a
the grips. clearance over the nominal size of the bolt, and its edges top
3.4.2 Test studs by assembling one end in the threaded and bottom shall be rounded as specified in Table 3. The
fixture to the thread runout. For studs having unlike threads, minimum outside dimension of the wedge shall be such that
this shall be the end with the finer pitch thread, or with the during the test no corner loading of the product head (adjacent
larger minor diameter. Likewise, assemble the other end of the to the wedge) shall occur (see head orientation in Fig. 3). The
stud in a threaded fixture, leaving six complete threads exposed bolt shall be tension tested to fracture. To meet the require-
between the grips. For continuous thread studs, at least six ments of this test, the bolt shall support a load prior to fracture
complete threads shall be exposed between the fixture ends. not less than the minimum tensile strength specified in the
The maximum speed of the free-running cross head shall not product specification for the applicable size, grade, and thread
exceed 1 in./min. When reporting the tensile strength of series. In addition, the tensile fracture shall occur in the body
product, in pounds-force per square inch, calculate the thread or threaded section with no fracture at the junction of head and
stress area as follows: shank. When tensile testing externally threaded fasteners made
As 5 0.7854 [D 2 ~0.9743!/n#2 (1)
of austenitic stainless steel and the test fastener’s thread pulls
out of the internally threaded test fixture after the minimum
where: tensile strength requirement has been reached, the fasteners
As = thread stress area, in.2, shall be considered conforming to the tensile strength require-
D = nominal diameter of bolt or stud, in., and ment.
n = number of threads per inch.
NOTE 2—Fracture at the junction of the head and shank is prohibited at
3.4.3 To meet the requirements of the test described in 3.4.1
any load, including those above the minimum requirements.
and 3.4.2, the product shall support a load prior to fracture not
less than the minimum tensile strength specified in the product 3.5.2 Wedge Tension Testing of Studs—When both wedge
specification for its size, strength, and thread series. In addi- tension and proof load testing are required by the product
tion, the tensile fracture shall occur in the body or threaded specifications, assemble one end of the same stud previously
section with no fracture at the junction of head and shank. used for proof load testing in a threaded fixture to the thread
When tensile testing externally threaded fasteners made of runout. For studs having unlike threads, this shall be the end
austenitic stainless steel and the test fastener’s thread pulls out with the finer pitch thread or with the larger minor diameter.
Assemble the other end of the stud in a threaded wedge to the
runout and then unscrew six full turns, thus leaving six
TABLE 1 Minimum Length of Product Requiring Tension Testing
complete threads exposed between the grips, as illustrated in
Nominal Product Size, in. Minimum Length, in. Fig. 4. For continuous thread studs, at least six complete
⁄
14 ⁄
58 threads shall be exposed between the fixture ends. The angle of
5⁄16 ⁄
34 the wedge for the stud size and grade shall be as specified in
3⁄8 7 ⁄8

7⁄16
Table 2. Assemble the stud in the testing machine and tension
1
1⁄ 2 1 1⁄ 8 test to fracture, as described in 3.4. The minimum hardness of
9⁄16 1 1⁄ 4 the threaded wedge shall be 45 HRC. The length of the
5⁄8 1 1⁄ 2
3⁄4
threaded section of the wedge shall be equal to at least the
1 3⁄ 4
7⁄8 and larger 3 dia diameter of the stud. To facilitate removal of the broken stud,
counterbore the wedge. The thickness of the wedge at the thin

Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Fri Nov 11 08:15:19 EST 2011
4
Downloaded/printed by
Johnson Controls pursuant to License Agreement. No further reproductions authorized.
 F606 – 11

c = clearance of hole
D = diameter of bolt or screw
R = radius or chamfer
T = reference thickness of wedge at thin side of hole equals one half diameter of bolt or
screw
W = wedge angle (see Table 2)
FIG. 3 Wedge Test Details—Bolts

TABLE 2 Tension Test Wedge Angles TABLE 3 Tensile Test Wedge Hole Clearance—Details
NOTE—For use with hardened and tempered steel and alloy steel Nominal Product Nominal Clearance in Nominal Radius on
standard products. For non-ferrous and special products, see the related Size, in. Hole, in. Corners of Hole, in.
product specification.
⁄ –
14 ⁄
12 0.030 0.030
⁄
9 16 – ⁄
34 0.050 0.060
Nominal Product Size, in. Degrees 7⁄ 8 – 1 0.060 0.060
BoltsA Studs and 1 1⁄ 8 – 1 1⁄ 4 0.060 0.125
Flange Bolts 1 3⁄ 8 – 1 1⁄ 2 0.094 0.125
1 3⁄ 4 – 2 0.094 0.225
1⁄4 –1 10 6 2 1⁄ 4 – 3 0.125 0.256
Over 1 6 4
A
Heat-treated bolts that are threaded one diameter or closer to the underside of
the head, shall use a wedge angle of 6° for sizes 1⁄4 through 3⁄4 in. and 4° for sizes
over 3⁄4 in.
shall have a hole clearance over the nominal size of the stud,
and shall have its top and bottom edges rounded or chamfered
to the same limits specified for the hardened wedge in Table 3.
side of the hole shall equal the diameter of the stud plus the To meet the requirements of this test, the stud shall support a
depth of counterbore. The thread in the wedge shall have Class load prior to fracture not less than the minimum tensile strength
3B tolerances, except when testing studs having an interference specified in the product specification for its size, grade, and
fit thread, in which case the wedge shall be threaded to provide thread series. When tensile testing externally threaded fasten-
a finger-free fit. The supporting fixture, as shown in Fig. 4, ers made of austenitic stainless steel and the test fastener’s

Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Fri Nov 11 08:15:19 EST 2011
5
Downloaded/printed by
Johnson Controls pursuant to License Agreement. No further reproductions authorized.
 F606 – 11

FIG. 4 Wedge Test Details—Studs

thread pulls out of the internally threaded test fixture after the
minimum tensile strength requirement has been reached, the
fasteners shall be considered conforming to the tensile strength
requirement.
NOTE 3—Dimensional tolerances for all test fixtures used in this test
method, unless otherwise noted, shall conform to standard machining
practices.
3.6 Tension Testing of Machined Test Specimens:
3.6.1 Where bolts and studs cannot be tested full size,
conduct tests using test specimens machined from the bolt or
stud (see Test Methods E8).
3.6.1.1 Bolts and studs 9⁄16 in. in diameter and smaller may FIG. 6 Examples of Small-Size Specimens Proportional to
be machined concentric with the axis of the bolt or stud. The Standard 2-in. Gage Length Specimen
specimen shall have a turned section as large as feasible and
shall have a gage length four times the diameter of the
specimen. See Fig. 5 and Fig. 6. the diameter of the specimen. Fig. 6 illustrates an example of
3.6.1.2 Bolts and studs 5⁄8 in. in diameter through 11⁄4 in. in these small-size specimens. For arbitration purposes, machined
diameter may have their shanks machined concentric with the test specimens for bolts and studs 5⁄8 in. in diameter through
axis of the bolt or stud, leaving the bolt head and threaded 11⁄4 in. in diameter shall be machined with the axis of the
section intact as shown in Fig. 5. Alternatively, bolts and studs specimen located midway between the center and outside
5⁄8 in. in diameter through 11⁄4 in. in diameter may have their
surface.
shanks machined to a test specimen with the axis of the 3.6.1.3 Bolts and studs 13⁄8 in. in diameter and larger may
specimen located midway between the axis and outside surface have their shanks machined to the dimensions of a 0.500-in.
of the bolt or stud as shown in Fig. 7. Bolts of a small cross round, 2-in. gage length test specimen with the axis of the
section that will not permit taking the 0.500-in. round, 2-in. specimen located midway between the center and outside
gage length test specimen shall have a turned section as large surface of the bolt or stud as shown in Fig. 7.
as feasible and concentric with the axis of the bolt or stud. The 3.6.1.4 Machined test specimens shall exhibit tensile
gage length for measuring the elongation shall be four times strength, yield strength (or yield point), elongation, and reduc-
tion of area equal to or greater than the values of these
properties specified for the product size in the applicable
product specification when tested in accordance with this
section.
3.6.2 Determination of Tensile Properties:
3.6.2.1 Yield Point—Yield point is the first stress in a
material, less than the maximum obtainable stress, at which an
increase in strain occurs without an increase in stress. Yield
point is intended for application only for materials that may
exhibit the unique characteristic of showing an increase in
FIG. 5 Tension Test Specimen for Bolt with Turned-Down Shank strain without an increase in stress. The stress-strain diagram is

Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Fri Nov 11 08:15:19 EST 2011
6
Downloaded/printed by
Johnson Controls pursuant to License Agreement. No further reproductions authorized.
 F606 – 11

FIG. 7 Location of Standard Round 2-in. Gage Length Tension

Test Specimen When Turned from Large Size Bolt

characterized by a sharp knee or discontinuity. Determine yield FIG. 8 Stress-Strain Diagram for Determination of Yield
point by one of the following methods: Strength by the Offset Method
3.6.2.2 Drop of the Beam or Halt of the Pointer Method—In
this method apply an increasing load to the specimen at a
uniform rate. When a lever and poise machine is used, keep the
beam in balance by running out the poise at approximately a
steady rate. When the yield point of the material is reached, the
increase of the load will stop, but run the poise a trifle beyond
the balance position, and the beam of the machine will drop for
a brief but appreciable interval of time. When a machine
equipped with a load-indicating dial is used, there is a halt or
hesitation of the load-indicating pointer corresponding to the
drop of the beam. Note the load at the “drop of the beam” or
the “halt of the pointer” and record the corresponding stress as
the yield point.
3.6.2.3 Autographic Diagram Method—When a sharp-
kneed stress-strain diagram is obtained by an autographic
recording device, take the stress corresponding to the top of the
knee (Fig. 8), or the stress at which the curve drops as the yield
point (Fig. 9).
3.6.2.4 Total Extension Under Load Method—When testing
FIG. 9 Stress-Strain Diagram Showing Yield Point
material for yield point and the test specimens may not exhibit Corresponding with Top of Knee
a well-defined disproportionate deformation that characterizes
a yield point as measured by the drop of the beam, halt of the accuracy has been demonstrated as equivalent to a Class C extensometer.
pointer, or autographic diagram methods described in 3.6.2.2 NOTE 5—Reference should be made to Practice E83.
and 3.6.2.3, a value equivalent to the yield point in its practical NOTE 6—For steel with a specified yield point not over 80 000 psi, an
significance may be determined by the following method and appropriate value is 0.005 in./in. of gage length. For values above 80 000
may be recorded as yield point: Attach a Class C or better psi, this test method is not valid unless the limiting total extension is
extensometer (Note 4 and Note 5) to the specimen. When the increased.
load producing a specified extension (Note 6) is reached, 3.6.3 Yield Strength—Yield strength is the stress at which a
record the stress corresponding to the load as the yield point, material exhibits a specified limiting deviation from the pro-
and remove the extensometer (Fig. 10). portionality of stress to strain. The deviation is expressed in
NOTE 4—Automatic devices are available that determine the load at the
terms of strain, percent offset, total extension under load, etc.
specified total extension without plotting a stress-strain curve. Such de Determine yield strength by one of the following methods:
vices may be used if their accuracy has been demonstrated. Multiplying 3.6.3.1 Offset Method—To determine the yield strength by
calipers and other such devices are acceptable for use provided their the “offset method,” it is necessary to secure data (autographic

Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Fri Nov 11 08:15:19 EST 2011
7
Downloaded/printed by
Johnson Controls pursuant to License Agreement. No further reproductions authorized.
 F606 – 11
3.6.4 Tensile Strength—Calculate the tensile strength by
dividing the maximum load the specimen sustains during a
tension test by the original cross-sectional area of the speci-
men.
3.6.5 Elongation:
3.6.5.1 Fit the ends of the fractured specimen together
carefully and measure the distance between the gage marks to
the nearest 0.01 in. for gage lengths of 2 in. and under, and to
the nearest 0.5 % of the gage length for gage lengths over 2 in.
A percentage scale reading to 0.5 % of the gage length may be
used. The elongation is the increase in length of the gage
length, expressed as a percentage of the original gage length. In
reporting elongation values, give both the percentage increase
and the original gage length.
3.6.5.2 If any part of the fracture takes place outside of the
middle half of the gage length or in a punched or scribed mark
within the reduced section, the elongation value obtained may
not be representative of the material. If the elongation so
FIG. 10 Stress-Strain Diagram Showing Yield Point or Yield measured meets the minimum requirements specified, no
Strength by Extension Under Load Method
further testing is indicated, but if the elongation is less than the
minimum requirements, discard the test and retest.
or numerical) from which a stress-strain diagram may be 3.6.6 Reduction of Area—Fit the ends of the fractured
drawn. Then on the stress-strain diagram (Fig. 8) lay off Om specimen together and measure the mean diameter or the width
equal to the specified value of the offset, draw mn parallel to and thickness at the smallest cross section to the same accuracy
OA, and thus locate r. The yield strength load R is the load as the original dimensions. The difference between the area
corresponding to the highest point of the stress-strain curve thus found and the area of the original cross section expressed
before or at the intersection of mn with r. In reporting values of as a percentage of the original area, is the reduction of area.
yield strength obtained by this method, the specified value of 3.7 Total Extension at Fracture Test:
“offset” used should be stated in parentheses after the term 3.7.1 The extension at fracture (AL) test shall be carried out
yield strength, thus: on stainless steel and nonferrous products (bolts, screws, and
studs) in the finished condition, with lengths equal to or in
Yield strength ~0.2 % offset! 5 52 000 psi (2)
excess of those minimums listed in Table 1.
In using this method, a minimum extensometer magnification 3.7.2 The products to be tested shall be measured for total
of 250 to 1 is required. A Class B1 extensometer meets this length (L1) as described in 3.7.2.1 and shown in Fig. 11.
requirement (see Note 5). See also Note 7 for automatic 3.7.2.1 Mark both ends of the bolt, screw, or stud using a
devices. permanent marking substance such as bluing so that measuring
3.6.3.2 Extension Under Load Method—For tests to deter- reference points for determining total length L1 and L2 are
mine the acceptance or rejection of material whose stress-strain established. Using an open-end caliper and steel rule or other
characteristics are well known from previous tests of similar device capable of measuring to within 0.010 in., determine the
material in which stress-strain diagrams were plotted, the total total length of the product as shown in Fig. 11.
strain corresponding to the stress at which the specified offset 3.7.3 The product under test shall be screwed into the
(see Note 8) occurs will be known within satisfactory limits. threaded adapter to a depth of one diameter (see Fig. 2) and
The stress on the specimen, when this total strain is reached, is load applied axially until the product fractures. The maximum
the value of the yield strength. The total strain can be obtained speed of the free-running cross head shall not exceed 1 in./min.
satisfactorily by use of a Class B1 extensometer (Note 4 and
Note 5).
NOTE 7—Automatic devices are available that determine offset yield
strength without plotting a stress strain curve. Such devices may be used
if their accuracy has been demonstrated.
NOTE 8—The appropriate magnitude of the extension under load will
obviously vary with the strength range of the particular material under
test. In general, the value of extension under load applicable to any
material strength level may be determined from the sum of the propor-
tional strain and the plastic strain expected at the specified yield strength.
The following equation is used:
Extension under load, in./in. of gage length = (YS/E) = r
where:
YS = specified yield strength, psi,
E = modulus of elasticity, psi, and FIG. 11 Determination of Total Extension at Fracture (AL)
r = limiting plastic strain, in./in. (only Screw Product Shown)

Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Fri Nov 11 08:15:19 EST 2011
8
Downloaded/printed by
Johnson Controls pursuant to License Agreement. No further reproductions authorized.
 F606 – 11
3.7.4 After the product has been fractured in accordance
with 3.7.3, the two broken pieces shall be fitted closely
together and the overall length (L2) measured (see 3.7.2.1 and
Fig. 11). The total extension at fracture shall then be calculated
as follows:
AL= L2− L1
3.7.5 The value obtained shall equal or exceed the minimum
values shown in the applicable specification for the product and
material type.
3.8 Single Shear Test—(Note 9) This test is intended to
determine the ability of a fastener to withstand a predetermined
load when applied transversely to the axis of the fastener. Shear
is defined as an action or stress caused by applied forces that
causes two adjacent parts of a body to slide on each other to
cause separation. Shear tests may be conducted in either
tension-type or compression-type single shear fixture.
3.8.1 The specimen shall be tested using hardened steel
Open Jig Test Bolt Assembled
plates of sufficient thickness to preclude bearing failure. Holes FIG. 12 Typical Single Shear Fixture (Tension Type)
in the shear plates shall be 1⁄16 in. larger than the nominal thread
diameter of the test bolt and the holes shall be chamfered 0.010
in. to relieve sharp edges. Shear plates shall be prevented from
corner. The reported hardness shall be the average of two
separating by means of a suitable jig or by using a nut on the
hardness readings located 180° apart. The readings when taken
test bolt tightened finger tight.
on the wrench flats shall be one third of the distance from a
3.8.2 The test specimen, when assembled in the shear jig,
corner to the center of the wrench face. The reported harness
shall be mounted in a tensile-testing machine capable of
shall be the average of two readings located from opposite
applying load at a controllable rate. The grips shall be
corners.
self-aligning and care shall be taken when mounting the
4.1.3 For the purpose of arbitration or for nuts too large for
specimen to assure that the load will be transmitted in a straight
full size testing, where hardness alone shall determine accep-
line transversely through the test bolt. Load shall be applied
tance (see 4.1.4), the following shall apply.
and continued until fracture of the bolt. Speed of testing as
4.1.3.1 Sample nuts shall be sectioned laterally at approxi-
determined with a free-running cross head shall not be less than
1⁄4 in. nor greater than 1⁄2 in. per min. mately one half (1⁄2) of the nut height. Such samples need not
be threaded, but shall be part of the manufacturing lot that was
3.8.3 The maximum load applied to the specimen, coinci-
formed (in the case of heat-treated nuts, formed and heat-
dent with or prior to bolt fracture shall be recorded as the shear
treated) with the product to be shipped. The preparation of the
strength of the bolt. At the discretion of the testing activity,
sample shall be in accordance with 4.1.1 above. All readings
tests need not be continued to destruction provided that the
shall be conducted on a Rockwell Hardness testing machine.
specimen supports, without evidence of bolt fracture, the
For standard hex, heavy hex and square nuts, the half of the nut
minimum load specified.
not to be tested may be discarded. For special nut configura-
3.8.4 A typical test fixture for tension shear testing is shown
tions both sections shall be identified and made available to the
in Fig. 12.
purchaser, if specified on the purchase order or inquiry.
NOTE 9—This single-shear test is primarily used for testing Specifica- 4.1.3.2 Nonheat-Treated Nuts (See Fig. 13)—Two readings
tion A394 tower bolts which range in size from 1⁄2 through 1 in. diameter. shall be taken 180° apart at the core (halfway between the
For general use, the shear test practices and fixturing found in MIL STD major diameter if threaded, or blank hole if not threaded) and
1312 Test 13 is used for double shear and Test 20 may be used for single
shear.
a corner of the nut. The reported hardness shall be the average

4. Test Methods for Internally Threaded Fasteners

4.1 Product Hardness—For routine inspection of both heat-
treated and nonheat-treated nuts, hardness shall be determined
on the bearing face or wrench flats after removal of any oxide,
decarburization, plating, or other coating material. Rockwell or
Brinell hardness shall be used at the option of the manufac-
turer, taking into account the size and grade of the product.
4.1.1 The preparation of test specimens and the perfor-
mance of hardness tests for Rockwell and Brinell testing shall
be in conformance with the requirements of Test Methods E18
and E10, respectively.
4.1.2 Readings when taken on the bearing face shall be
halfway between the major diameter of the thread and one FIG. 13 Nonheat-Treated Nut

Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Fri Nov 11 08:15:19 EST 2011
9
Downloaded/printed by
Johnson Controls pursuant to License Agreement. No further reproductions authorized.
 F606 – 11
of the two readings, and in addition both readings shall be 4.3 Cone Proof Load Test—Perform this test using a conical
within the hardness values listed in the product specification. washer and threaded mandrel (as illustrated in Fig. 16) to
4.1.3.3 Heat-Treated Nuts (See Fig. 14)—Two sets of three determine the influence of surface discontinuities (that is,
readings 180° apart shall be taken. The three readings shall be forging cracks and seams) on the load-carrying ability of
taken across the section of the nut at the following positions: hardened steel nuts through 11⁄2 in. in diameter by introducing
Position 1—As close to the major diameter, as possible, if threaded, or a simultaneous dilation and stripping action of the nut. The
hole side wall if the nut is blank, but no closer than 21⁄2 times the indent mandrel shall conform to the requirements of 4.2.2. The
diameter.
Position 2—At the core (halfway between the major diameter, if
conical washer shall have a hardness of 57 HRC minimum and
threaded, or hole side wall, if blank) and a corner of the nut. a hole diameter equivalent to the nominal diameter of the
Position 3—As close to the corner of the nut as possible, but no closer mandrel +0.002, −0.000 in. The contact point of the cone shall
than 21⁄2 times the indent diameter.
be sharp for nut sizes 1⁄2 in. and less. For sizes over 1⁄2 in., the
4.1.3.4 The reported hardness shall be the average of all six point shall be flat and 0.015 6 0.001 in. in width. Assemble the
readings. In addition all readings shall be within hardness nut and the conical washer on the mandrel, and apply the cone
values listed in the product specification. proof load for the nut against the nut. The speed of testing as
4.1.4 Nuts exhibiting a proofload in excess of 160 000 lb determined with a free-running cross head shall be a maximum
may be considered, at the option of the manufacturer, as too of 0.12 in./min. Apply the proof load for 10 s. Compute the
large for full-size testing. Full-size testing is recommended cone proof load of a nut as follows:
whenever possible. CPL = (1 − 0.30D) 3 f 3 As
4.1.5 For nuts on which hardness and proof load tests are where:
performed, acceptance based on proof load requirements shall CPL = cone proof load, lb,
take precedence in the event of controversy with hardness tests. D = nominal diameter of nut, in.,
4.2 Proof Load Test—Assemble the nut to be tested on a f = specified proof stress of nut, psi,
hardened threaded mandrel (4.2.2) or a test bolt (4.2.1) as As = tensile stress area of nut, in.2,
illustrated in Fig. 15(a) Tension Method or Fig. 15(b) Com- = 0.7854 [D − (0.9743/n)]2, and
pression Method. The hardened test mandrel and the tension n = threads per inch.
method shown in Fig. 15(a) shall be mandatory as a referee if To meet the requirements of the cone proof load test, the nut
arbitration is necessary. Apply the specified proof load for the shall support its specified cone proof load without stripping or
nut against the nut. The nut shall resist this load without rupture.
stripping or rupture, and shall be removable from the test bolt
or mandrel by the fingers after the load is released. Occasion- 5. Test Methods for Washers and Direct Tension
ally it may be necessary to use a manual wrench or other means Indicators
to start the nut in motion. Use of such means is permissible,
5.1 General Requirements:
provided the nut is removable by the fingers following the
5.1.1 All tests shall be conducted on a Rockwell hardness
initial loosening of not more than one-half turn of the nut. If the
tester.
threads of the mandrel or test bolt are damaged during the test,
discard the test. 5.1.2 Use of a 1⁄4 in. (6 mm) or smaller spot anvil shall be
4.2.1 The test bolt shall have threads appropriate to the used for hardness testing of washers and direct tension indica-
standard specified for the nut being tested and shall have a tors
yield strength in excess of the specified proof load of the nut 5.1.3 Readings are not to be taken on or near product
being tested. markings.
4.2.2 Mandrels shall have a hardness of 45 HRC minimum 5.1.4 Preparation of test specimens and the performance of
and shall have threads conforming to Class 3A except that the hardness tests shall be performed in accordance with Test
maximum major diameter shall be the minimum major diam- Methods E18.
eter plus 0.002 in. or 0.25 times the major diameter tolerance 5.1.5 For arbitration purposes, a minimum of two readings
(whichever is greater) of Class 3A threads. 180° apart on at least one face shall be taken (see Fig. 17).
4.2.3 The proof load shall be determined at a free running 5.1.6 All readings shall be within the hardness values listed
cross head speed not exceeding 1.0 in/minute and shall be held in the product specification, and the average of all readings
at load for 10s minimum. shall be considered as the hardness of the product.
5.1.7 An initial reading may be used to establish that the
hardness testing equipment is properly set up and that the
correct scale is being used. Such readings are not used to
determine conformance.
5.2 Through Hardened Washers:
5.2.1 Surface Hardness—Tests shall be conducted after the
removal of any surface oxide, decarburization, plating or other
coatings. Take hardness readings on a smooth flat portion of the
washer, prepared by light grinding or polishing as necessary.
5.2.2 Core Hardness—Take hardness readings on a smooth
FIG. 14 Heat-Treated Nut flat portion of the washer, prepared by light grinding or

Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Fri Nov 11 08:15:19 EST 2011
10
Downloaded/printed by
Johnson Controls pursuant to License Agreement. No further reproductions authorized.
 F606 – 11

FIG. 15 Proof Load Testing—Nuts

FIG. 16 Cone-Proof Test

polishing such that readings are taken at a minimum depth of 5.3.1 Surface Hardness—Take hardness readings on a
0.015 in. (0.38 mm) from the original surface. smooth flat portion of the washer, using a method which
5.3 Carburized Washers: prevents penetration into the core material.

Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Fri Nov 11 08:15:19 EST 2011
11
Downloaded/printed by
Johnson Controls pursuant to License Agreement. No further reproductions authorized.
 F606 – 11
5.6.1.4 The direct reading gage of the testing apparatus
shall be capable of measuring the gap variation to within
0.0005 in.
NOTE 10—Because of acceptable variations in bolt dimensions and
coating characteristics, bolts cannot be used as a means of gaging the
direct tension indicator measured minimum and maximum performance.
5.6.2 Compression Loading System:
NOTE 11—See Specification F959, Table 3 for acceptable range of
compression loads.
5.6.2.1 The compression loading system shall transmit a
compressive load axially from the testing apparatus to the
direct tension indicator. The bottom bearing block of the
loading system must be able to accept the cylindrical protru-
sions of the direct tension indicator support blocks.
5.6.2.2 Maintain the compression loading system in good
operating condition and use only in the proper loading range.
FIG. 17 Typical Hardness Reading Locations 5.6.3 Support Blocks:
5.6.3.1 Support blocks shall be grooved on one side so that
the direct reading gage can be zeroed without compressing the
5.3.2 Core Hardness—Take hardness readings on a smooth direct tension indicator protrusions (see Fig. 18). Thus, the
flat portion of the washer, prepared by light grinding or exact thickness of the direct tension indicator being tested is
polishing such that readings are taken at a depth greater than taken into account, and the flat surface of the side of the direct
the depth of case. tension indicator having protrusions is made to relate exactly to
5.3.3 Depth of Case—Measurements of case depth shall be the zero point of the gage that shall react on the center of the
taken at a cross section through the rim of the washer, having direct tension indicator support block.
been ground and etched to define the case area. 5.6.3.2 Support blocks shall have a minimum Rockwell
5.4 Stainless Steel and Nonferrous Washers: hardness of 50 HRC.
5.4.1 Surface Hardness—Take hardness readings on a 5.6.3.3 Support blocks shall conform to the following di-
smooth flat portion of the washer. mensional requirements as depicted in Fig. 19.
5.4.2 Core Hardness—Take hardness readings on a smooth (1) ) Dimension ‘A’ and dimension ‘B’ shall be no less than
flat portion of the washer, prepared by light grinding or 0.050 in., with no more than 0.0002 in. difference between the
polishing such that readings are taken at a minimum depth of ‘A’ and ‘B’ sides of the same support block.
0.015 in. (0.38 mm) from the original surface. (2) Dimension ‘C’ shall be less than the inside diameter of
5.5 Direct Tension Indicators: the corresponding DTI to be tested.
5.5.1 Surface Hardness—Take hardness readings on a (3) Dimension ‘D’ shall be no less than the greater of 3 in.
smooth flat portion of the DTI, at a point approximately or the outside diameter of the DTI to be tested.
midway between the protrusion (top side) or pocket (bottom (4) Dimension ‘E’ shall be at least 0.080 in., yet less than
side) and the outside diameter. Prepare the DTI by light 0.165 in.
grinding or polishing as necessary. (5) Dimension ‘F’ shall be large enough to accept the DTI
5.5.2 Core Hardness—Take hardness readings on a smooth without interference with its protrusions, and no more than the
flat portion of the DTI, at a point approximately midway value corresponding to the midpoint of the PTD and the O.D.
between the protrusion (top side) or pocket (bottom side) and of the DTI to be tested.
the outside diameter. Prepare the DTI by light grinding or (6) Dimension ‘G’ shall be no less than 1 in.
polishing such that readings are taken at a minimum depth of 5.6.4 Bearing Blocks:
0.015 in. (0.38 mm) from the original surface. 5.6.4.1 The upper bearing block shall have a minimum
5.6 Test Method for Measuring Compression Load (DTIs): diameter of 3 in.
5.6.1 Testing Apparatus: 5.6.4.2 Bearing blocks shall have a minimum Rockwell
5.6.1.1 Test the direct tension indicators in an apparatus hardness of 50 HRC.
described herein that is capable of determining their perfor-
mance characteristics with sufficient accuracy.
5.6.1.2 Testing apparatus shall include a compression load-
ing system, top and bottom bearing blocks, and support blocks
that allow each direct tension indicator to be calibrated using a
direct reading gage.
5.6.1.3 The testing apparatus shall conform to the require-
ments of Practices E4. The loads used in determining compres-
sive loads shall be within the verified loading range of the
testing machine in accordance with Practices E4. FIG. 18 Support Block

Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Fri Nov 11 08:15:19 EST 2011
12
Downloaded/printed by
Johnson Controls pursuant to License Agreement. No further reproductions authorized.
 F606 – 11

{ Height of boss = 0.085 in. +0/−0.0005 in. with no more than 0.0002 in. difference between side“ A” and side “B” }
Direct Tension Indicator
Size C in. E in. F in.
in. max min max min max min
⁄
12 0.485 0.475 0.130 0.080 0.96 0.91
⁄
58 0.615 0.605 0.145 0.095 1.15 1.10
⁄
34 0.735 0.725 0.150 0.100 1.34 1.29
7⁄ 8 0.855 0.845 0.150 0.100 1.54 1.49
1 0.985 0.975 0.165 0.115 1.73 1.68
1 1 ⁄8 1.105 1.095 0.165 0.115 1.93 1.88
1 1 ⁄4 1.225 1.215 0.165 0.115 2.12 2.07
1 3 ⁄8 1.355 1.345 0.165 0.115 2.31 2.26
1 1 ⁄2 1.475 1.465 0.165 0.115 2.51 2.46
FIG. 19 Support Block Dimensions

5.6.4.3 The upper and bottom bearing block surfaces shall 5.6.6.3 Zero Direct Reading Gage—Place the direct tension
be parallel to within 0.0005 in. across the width of the support indicator, with protrusions facing down, into the grooves of the
block. support block. Apply compression load equal to the minimum
5.6.5 Calibration: required load for the size and type of direct tension indicator
5.6.5.1 Calibrate the testing apparatus and its direct reading being tested. Set the direct reading gage at zero. Release the
gage at least once per year. load and remove the direct tension indicator. See Step 1 of Fig.
5.6.5.2 Retain the calibrated test data. 20.
5.6.6 Test Procedure: 5.6.6.4 Invert the support block so that Side A with the
5.6.6.1 Select the support block corresponding to the size groove is facing down.
and type of direct tension indicator to be tested. 5.6.6.5 Measure Compression Load:
5.6.6.2 The direct reading gage spindle shall be in contact 5.6.6.6 Place the flat surface of the direct tension indicator
with the center of the direct tension indicator support block against side B of the support block with protrusions facing up.
during the test (see Fig. 20). Apply compression load until the gage reading is the test gap

FIG. 20 Steps for Determining Compression Load

Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Fri Nov 11 08:15:19 EST 2011
13
Downloaded/printed by
Johnson Controls pursuant to License Agreement. No further reproductions authorized.
 F606 – 11
specified for the size, type, and surface condition of the direct 7.2.1 The assembly shall remain in this tightened state for
tension indicator being tested. See Step 2 of Fig. 20. not less than 48 h, after which the test fastener shall be visually
5.6.6.7 Apply the compression load at a rate such that the examined for embrittlement-induced failure, such as missing
direct tension indicator is compressed within 30 s from the time head.
the compression load is first applied until the proper gap is 7.2.2 The joint shall then be disassembled and the test
achieved. fastener visually examined using a minimum of 20 power
5.6.6.8 Read and Record, Read the compression load within magnification for evidence of embrittlement failure, such as
5 s of reaching the test gap and record the results. transverse cracks in the shank, threads or at the junction of
head to shank.
6. Rivets 7.2.3 For disassembly, if the torque method of tightening is
6.1 Product Hardness—Determine hardness at the mid- used, torque shall be applied in the ON direction until the nut
radius of a transverse section of the product taken at a distance rotates a noticeable amount. The retightening torque with the
of one diameter from the point end of the rivet. Use either nut in motion shall be measured and shall be no less than 90 %
Brinell or Rockwell hardness tests, and measure as described in of the initial tightening torque.
3.1. 7.2.4 If a direct tension method of tightening is used, then
the loss of clamping strength (in pounds) over the test period
7. Test for Embrittlement of Metallic Coated Externally shall be no more than 10 % of the initial clamping load.
Threaded Fasteners 7.3 The test fixture shall comprise a hardened wedge (7.3.1),
7.1 This is one test method for determining if embrittlement a plate(s) (7.3.2), and a hardened washer (7.3.3) (see Fig. 21).
exists in a metallic coated externally threaded fastener covered 7.3.1 The wedge shall have an angle as specified in Table 4.
by the product specifications of ASTM Committee F16. Other dimensions and properties shall be in conformance with
7.2 The test fastener shall be installed in a test fixture (see hardened wedges described in 3.5.1.
Note 1 in Fig. 21) with the head positioned against the wedge, 7.3.2 The plate(s) shall be steel and have a thickness such
assembled with a nut, and tensioned (by means of the nut only) that, after installation and tightening, a minimum of three full
by any means capable of measuring tensile load. The torque threads of the test fastener will be in the grip. The hole in the
method described in 7.3 is one such method. The test samples plate(s) shall be as close to the major diameter of the fastener
shall be tensioned to 75 % of their specified minimum ultimate being tested as practical but not greater than the hole in the
tensile strength. For studs with different thread pitches on hardened washer (7.2.3).
either end, the finer thread pitch end shall be assembled with a 7.3.3 The hardened washer shall be in conformance with
nut and tested as the head end of the fastener. Specification F436.

NOTE 1—For expedience sake the test fixture shown above reflects a single bolt under load. It should be noted, however, that test fixtures with multiple
test locations are acceptable
NOTE 2—Work is continuing on this test method and revisions are anticipated. Additionally caution should be taken when applying this test procedure.
The heads of embrittled fasteners may suddenly break off and become flying projectiles capable of causing serious injury or blinding.
FIG. 21 Test Fixture

Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Fri Nov 11 08:15:19 EST 2011
14
Downloaded/printed by
Johnson Controls pursuant to License Agreement. No further reproductions authorized.
 F606 – 11
TABLE 4 Test for Embrittlement Wedge Angles, Degrees

Nominal Size of Studs and Fasteners Fasteners with

Fastener, dia with Unthreaded Unthreaded Lengths,
Lengths, 2 dia and Longer
Less Than 2 dia
1⁄4 to 3⁄4 in. 4 6
Over 3⁄4 to 1-1⁄2 in. 0 4

7.4 If the torque method of tightening is used, the tightening

torque shall be determined using a load-measuring device
capable of measuring the actual tension induced in a fastener as
the fastener is tightened. Three fasteners from the test lot shall
be selected at random. Each shall be assembled into the
load-measuring device, mated with a nut, and the nut tightened
until a load equal to 75 % of the specified minimum ultimate
tensile strength of the fastener is induced. The torque required
to induce this load shall be measured and the arithmetic
average of the three measured torques shall be the tightening
torque. The surface against which the nut is torqued should be
similar in hardness and finish to that of the test fixture (Fig. 21)
and use of a hardened washer (7.3.3) is recommended.
7.5 To meet the requirements of this test the fastener shall FIG. 22 Typical Torsional Strength Test Fixture
show no evidence of embrittlement failure when visually
examined and the retightening torque shall not be less than
90 % of the initial tightening torque. Mb 5 d3 * UTS * 0.165 (3)

NOTE 12—The nature of this test method is such that a fastener will where:
either pass or fail as a result of being subjected to the test conditions. The Mb = minimum torsional strength
qualitative nature of the test does not provide information on how close or d3 = thread minor diameter (reference or minimum if
how far a fastener is from failure. This test method is to be used for available)
embrittlement testing on a production scale and is not to be used for
UTS = ultimate tensile strength
analytical purposes. Test Method F1624 can be used as an analytical
method to test fastener products in cases of uncertainty, or where Example: 1⁄4 - 20 Grade 5
quantitative or analytical data are required. Test Method F1624 is not Mb= (0.1894)3* 120 000 * 0.165
suited for embrittlement testing on a production scale due to the time and Mb= .0067 * 120 000 * 0.165
costs associated with performing the test. Mb = 134 in./lbs
8. Test Method for Determining Decarburization and
Carburization 10. Certification
8.1 See Test Method F2328. 10.1 Certification shall include a statement that the sampled
and provided fastener products were tested and inspected in
9. Torsional Strength Test accordance with the requirements of the individual product
9.1 Sample screws shall be tested using a suitable means specification; referencing the specification number, year date of
such as shown in Fig. 22. issue, and any applicable product identification symbols. In
9.2 The split or solid fixture used to prevent the screw from addition, the certificate shall include the results of all tests
rotating during testing shall be threaded to avoid screw thread performed, the product specification, and any supplementary
damage. The confined screw length shall be equal to at least requirements or other requirements as designated in the pur-
one screw diameter. At least two thread pitches shall be free chase order.
between the top of the confining fixture and the under side of 10.2 A certificate printed from or used in electronic form
the screw’s head. from an electronic data interchange (EDI) transmission shall be
9.3 An appropriately calibrated torque measuring device regarded as having the same validity as an original document
shall be used to apply torque to the screw until it is twisted into printed in the certifier’s facility. The content of the EDI
two pieces. The screw’s torsional strength is the maximum transmitted document shall also conform to any existing EDI
value observed during the application of torque, which results agreement between the purchaser and supplier.
in the required mode of failure. 10.3 Notwithstanding the absence of a signature, the orga-
9.4 This test applies only to screws that have a length equal nization submitting either the EDI transmission or paper copies
to at least one body diameter plus two thread pitches or screws of certificates of test is responsible for the content of the report.
.375 in. in diameter or less, or both.
9.5 The required torsional strength values are provided in 11. Keywords
the applicable machine screw standards. 11.1 compression load; hardness; proof load; properties;
Torsional formula: tensile; testing; yield

Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Fri Nov 11 08:15:19 EST 2011
15
Downloaded/printed by
Johnson Controls pursuant to License Agreement. No further reproductions authorized.
 F606 – 11

SUMMARY OF CHANGES

Committee F16 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue (F606–10a)
that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved May 15, 2011.)

(1) Table 2 was revised. Method 1. If there is a dispute over results when testing the
(2) In the event of a dispute over test results the test shall be same part or lot of parts both full size and cut to 8 in. the 8 in.
conducted: test results will be used to determine acceptance.
a. After the removal of all manufacturer or grade markings, (3) Bolts shall be placed in a measuring fixture and rotated at
surface oxide, decarburization, plating, other coatings, or a least 360 degrees. The measurement shall be taken or the
combination thereof, to achieve a clean, flat surface. indicator will be zeroed at the point of the lowest measurement.
b. The conical depressions shall be created using a lathe or
some type of centering fixture. Care shall be taken to clean all (4) After applying the proof load the bolt is placed back in the
debris from the conical depressions before measuring the part. measuring fixture, rotated at least 360 degrees and the lowest
c. When fasteners are too long to test in the available indicated measurement shall be compared to the lowest reading
equipment they may be cut to 8 in. and then tested using obtain before the proof load was applied.

Committee F16 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue (F606–10)
that may impact the use of this standard.

(1) A sentence has been added to sections 3.4.3, 3.5.1, and fixture provided they meet the minimum tensile strength
3.5.2 allowing the acceptance of externally threaded fasteners requirements.
made of austenitic stainless parts when they pull out of the test

ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentioned
in this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk
of infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.

This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years and
if not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standards
and should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the
responsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you should
make your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.

This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,
United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the above
address or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or service@astm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website
(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/
COPYRIGHT/).

Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Fri Nov 11 08:15:19 EST 2011
16
Downloaded/printed by
Johnson Controls pursuant to License Agreement. No further reproductions authorized.