TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

SCOPE OF MANUFACTURING

1 M.S. Glass-lined Reaction Vessels 63 ltrs. to 50,000 ltrs.

2 M.S. Glass-lined Storage Tanks 63 ltrs to 80000 ltrs.

3 Distillation Columns & Towers 150-2500 mm. Diameter.

4 M.S. Glass-lined Filtration Vessels 0.75 to 4.5 square meter.

5 M.S. Glass-lined Heat Exchanger

 • Shell in Shell Type 2 to 40 m2

 • Plate Type 3 to 14 m2

6 M.S. Glass-lined Conical Vacuum Dryers 150 ltrs to 4500 ltrs.

7 M.S. Glass-lined Agitating Systems Turbine, Anchor, Pitch Blade, Axial Propeller, Hydrofoil etc.

8 M.S. Glass-lined Valves Diaphragm and Flush Bottom Outlet Valves with or
without Pneumatic Actuator.

9 M.S. Glass-lined Pipes and Fittings Flanged Elbows, Crosses, T-Pieces, Reducing Flanges, Reducers etc.

CODES AND STANDARDS

Glass-lined equipment are manufactured to the highest quality standards of workmanship and material. The reactors are
generally as per DIN 28136 standards and manufactured in accordance with ASME code for unfired pressure vessels,
section VIII division I. All clamps and flanges comply with ANSI/ DIN standard. Equipment are also specially designed and
constructed to the client’s own specifications.

DESIGN DATA

Description Inner Vessel Jacket

Design Pressure 6 kg/cm²/F.V 6 kg/cm²

Design Temperature -250C to 2000C -250C to 2000C

Allowable Operating Pressure 6 kg/cm²/F.V 6 kg/cm²

Final Hydrostatic Test 6 kg/cm² 6 kg/cm²

Radiography Shell / Head Spot/Full Nil/Full

Joint Efficiency 0.85/1.0 0.70/1

Corrosion Allowance 1.0/0.0/0.0 1.0/0.0/-

(wetted/not wetted/GL)
 MATERIAL AND GRADES

1 Main Shell, Heads, Blind Flange, Manhole Covers & Enamel quality steel
Center Opening Cover (COC) A 516M GR. 380

2 Manhole (MH), Main Shell & COC Body Flange, Enamel quality forging
Main Shell Nozzles, MH Protection Ring, Spindle SA 836M Class I or SA 181M Cl 60

3 Pad Plate, Agitator Connecting Head, Reducing Flange Enamel quality forging
SA 836M Class I / SA 181M Cl 6O

4 Agitator & Baffle Pipes Enamel quality pipe SA 106 GR.B

5 Nozzle Backing Flange (Split Flange) SA 216M GR. WCB or SA 516M GR. 380/415/485

6 ‘C’ Clamp & ‘J’ Bolts A 193M GR. B7/SA 194M GR. 2H or equivalent

7 Gasket PTFE enveloped gasket CAF or Asbestos free

with S.S. corrugated ring insert

8 Nozzle Bolt & Nuts IS 1367 CL 4/4.6

9 Jacket Shell, Heads & Closer Ring SA 516M GR. 380

10 Jacket Nozzle Necks SA 106M GR.B

11 WNRF/SORF Flange for Jacket Nozzle SA 105M

12 Drive Unit Components Carbon steel equivalent to IS 2062 / CI IS 210

GR.150 or equivalent

13 Valves (Flush & Diaphragm Type) IS 210 GR. 150 or equivalent

14 Fittings (Bend, Tee, Reducer etc.) IS 210 GR.150 or SA 234M GR. WPB

ADDING SPIRIT TO THE SUBSTANCE

The history of fortifying storage or process equipment with one thing or the Glascoat offers a product range
other, for different usages, is more than 100 years old. There use to be some that leads on all fronts!
specific ways to maintain the ease of process, stability of quality and
The Glascoat range consists of both
momentum of function. Glass-lining is one of the best ways that aptly serves
ready-made (for standard
the purpose due to its insuperable characteristics and exclusive nature. Glass
and steel together offer chemical inertness and absence of catalytic effect and requirement) and custom-built (for
contamination at higher operational temperature and pressure. unique requirement) equipment
and accessories of versatile nature.
Basically, there are three applications where glass-lined equipment is used: This includes an impressive array of
Glass-lined Reactors, Process Tanks,
1 Those involving highly corrosive acids and bases;
Evaporation Vessels, Distillation
2 High-purity process where cleanliness is important, for the ability Columns, Mixers and Agitators,
to clean as well as to minimize the risk of metal contamination; Heat Exchangers, Dryers, Blenders,
Agitated Filters, Pipes, Valves &
3 In polymerisation, to prevent polymers from sticking on vessels. Fittings and other paraphernalia.

Over the years Glascoat has developed various glass formulations to suit most demanding process requirements.
 PRODUCT RANGE

GEL 2200 (BLUE GLASS)

This glass offers complete protection against corrosion across the entire pH range, with
excellent resistance to radii spiraling, allowing easy and safe application on curved and
complex surfaces. It also has unique combination of having higher impact, wear resistance
with higher thermal conductivity.

GEL 2201 (LIGHT BLUE GLASS)

This glass formulation is a specially developed for pharmaceutical industry. Over and above
the standard blue glass this has some outstanding features as under:
• Light blue colour to improve optical monitoring by increased contrast with process fluids.

• Excellent hydrophilic surface finish due to its siliceous ionic structure which also facilitates
ease in inter-batch cleaning.

• Heavy metal free glass to keep up purity of active ingredients.

• Improved resistance to alkalis.

GEL 2202 (WHITE GLASS)

White glass specially developed for photochemical reactions for observing and monitoring
changes in fluid colour during reactions.

GEL 2203 (GREEN GLASS)

A glass formulation that provides exceptional resistance to extraordinary high temperatures.
Suitable for operating temperature up to 2700C

DIN - ISO TEST FOR GLASS SERIES Table 1

STANDARD LIQUID PHASE VAPOUR PHASE

DIN - 51157/ISO 2743 0.01 mm/year 0.04 mm/year
Hydrochloric Acid
DIN - 51156/ISO 2745 0.21 mm/year --
Sodium Hydroxide

DIN-51156/ISO 2744
0.008 mm/year 0.013 mm/year
Water
Temperature of Failure --
DIN - 51167 0
260 C Statiflux surface cracks
Abrasion 3.5 mg/min --
Porcelain Enamel Institute, Ohio U.S.A.
 EFFECT OF VOLUME TO SURFACE AREA CORROSION
RATIO (V/S) ON CORROSION RATE RESISTANCE
Fig. 1 Fig. 2
0.30 200
Corrosion Rate (mm/yr.)

175
0.25 Not Recommended
150
0.20 Resistant with limits
125

C
0.15 100

0
75
0.1 Excellent
50

25
0.05

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 pH
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65
2 (H2O)
V/S (ml/cm ) Acid Alkaline

ACIDS

HCl Fig. 3
HNO3 Fig. 4
200 200
Glascoat’s GEL Series of glass has
180 180 excellent resistance to all acids -
160 160
0.5 mm/yr organic and inorganic, oxidizing
C

0.5 mm/yr
0

0.2 mm/yr
and reducing. The iso-corrosion
140 140
0.2 mm/yr curves are established for most
120 120 0.1 mm/yr common acids. Reagent grade
0.1 mm/yr
Fully Resistant Fully Resistant
100 100 acids are used in laboratory test
10 20 30 37% 20 40 60 70%
which are bases of these curves.
Hydrochloric Acid Nitric Acid
Volume to surface Area Ratio (V/S)=20 Volume to surface Area Ratio (V/S)=20 In actual practice other factors
such as velocity, phase type,
chemical grade etc. can affect
H2SO4 Fig. 5 H3PO4 Fig. 6
220
the corrosion rate.
220 0.5 mm/yr
180 Only hydrofluoric acid damages
180 0.2 mm/yr glass-lining at all concentrations.
C

C
0

0.5 mm/yr
140 When phosphoric acid
0.1 mm/yr
140 0.2 mm/yr Fully Resistant concentration is increased, it
0.1 mm/yr
Fully Resistant
100 becomes more destructive.
100 Maximum operating
20 40 60 80 100% 20 40 60 80 100%
temperature is 950C at highest
Sulfuric Acid Phosphoric Acid
Volume to surface Area Ratio (V/S)=20 Volume to surface Area Ratio (V/S)=20 concentration (85%).

BASES

KOH Fig. 7 NaOH Fig. 8

10 11 12 13 14 pH 10 11 12 13 14 pH
120 120 Bases are more corrosive in nature than acids.
100 0.5
mm
As concentration & temperature increases
100
/y
0.2 r rate of corrosion also increases.
C

m
80 m
0

/y 0.5
r mm
80
0.1 mm/yr m
0.2 /y
r An increase of 100C doubles the chances of
60 Fully Resistant m
0.1 mm /y r /y
60 Ful ly Re sistant
r damage on glass-lining. Therefore, one needs
40 to be cautious while using hot alkalies.
0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10

Potassium Hydroxide Sodium Hydroxide

 THERMAL SHOCK EXAMPLES
0
Tp = Product Temperature ( C)
250 Fig. 9 GLASS-LINED SIDE
200
When Tp > Tw
150 0
A vessel with a wall temperature of 0 C should not
Tp > Tw 0
100 be filled with process fluid above the temperature of 148 C.

50
Tp < Tw When Tp < Tw
0
A vessel with a wall temperature of 1500C should not
0
be filled with process fluid below the temperature of 15 C.
-50 0 50 100 150 200 250
0
Tw = Vessel Wall Temperature ( C)

Heating/Cooling
Mean Temperature (0C)
250 Fig. 10 JACKET SIDE
200
When Heating
150
Temperature of heating media should be below
Heating 0 0
100
190 C when process fluid is at 75 C.

50
Cooling When Cooling
0
Temperature of cooling media should not be below
0 0
60 C when temperature of process fluid is at 200 C.
-50 0 50 100 150 200 250
Vessel Wall Temperature (0C)

THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY Table 2

2
OVERALL HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENT (U) W/m K
Steel allows the glass-lining to be kept Fluid in Jacket Fluid in Vessel U
relatively thin compared to self-supporting
Organic Liquid 345 ~ 469
glass equipment. Thus, the low thermal Steam
Heating

Aqueous Liquid 403 ~ 520

conductivity of the glass is counter-balanced by
the high heat transfer coefficient of the steel. Organic Liquid 192 ~ 269
Oil
Aqueous Liquid 278 ~ 315
Due to the chemical bond between glass and
Condensing

steel, no inter-face heat transfer resistance

Organic Vapor 155 ~ 180
needs to be taken into account. Water
Water Vapor 178 ~ 219
Chart gives the values of overall heat transfer
coefficient for various heating and cooling
Organic Liquid 113 ~ 187
Cooling

conditions. Water Aqueous Liquid 123 ~ 178

Brine Aqueous Liquid 74 ~ 145

 PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS

Thickness 1-2.2 mm
3
Specific Weight 2.5 g/cm

Tensile Strength 70 N/mm2

2
Compressive Strength 800 N/mm

Hardness HV 700 kg/mm2

Coefficient of Thermal Conductivity 1.2 K/mk

Specific Heat 0.82 KJ/kg K

Electric Resistivity 1013 W

/cm at ambient temperature

Dielectric Strength 20-30 kV/mm

2
Modulus of Elasticity 75000 N/mm

Elongation 0.1%

Abrasion 3.5 mg/min

Flexibility Lined glass bends with the base metal until the latter reaches
permanent deformation.

Chipping Tendency None, under normal conditions.

Surface Exceptionally smooth, hence easier to clean, excellent resistance to wear,

impermeability to gases, prevents sticking and the growth of micro-flora.
Biologically sterilisable easily.

Chemical Resistance Highly resistant to almost all substances. Insensitive to the action of oxidizing
or reducing agents. No catalytic effect. No product contamination. (i.e.
colour, smell, taste, etc.).

Structural Dielectric in nature, hence no electrochemical corrosion. It does not age as it

is amorphous in structure and does not weather.
 Corrosion Resistance of Glass-lining with chemicals at different temperatures

Agent 500C 1000C 1500C 2000C Agent 500C 1000C 1500C 2000C
Acetaldehyde A A A A Chromic Acid (30% a.s.) A A B B
Acetic Acid A A A A Chromic Acid (a.s.) A A A B
Acetic Anhydride A A A A Chromic Sulphonic Acid A A A A
Acetone A A A A Citric Acid (h.s.) (10%) A A A B
Acrylic Acid A A A A Cupric Chloride (5% a.s.) A A A B
Aluminum Acetate A A A A Cupric Nitrate (50% a.s.) A A B C
Aluminum Chlorate A A A B Cupric Sulphate (a.s.) A A A B
Aluminum Chloride A A A A Cyano Acetic Acid A A B B
Aluminum Chloride (10% a.s.) A A A C Cyanoacetamide A A B B
Aluminum Chloride (h.s.) A A B B Dibromoethylene A A A A
Aluminum Potassium Sulphate (50% a.s.) A A B B Dichloroacetic Acid A A B B
Amino Ethanol A A A B Dichlorobenzene A A A A
Aminophenol A A A B Dicholoro-propionic acid A A A A
Aminophenol Sulfonic Acid A A A B Diethyl Ether A A B B
Ammonia A A A B Diethylamine A A B B
Ammonium Carbonate (a.s.) (B.P.) A A B C Diethylamino-propanol A A A B
Ammonium Chloride (10%) A A A B Dimethyl Sulphate A A A A
Ammonium Nitrate (a.s.) A A A B Dimethylamino-propanol A A A B
Ammonium Phosphate(a.s.) A A A A Ethanol A A A A
Ammonium Sulphate A A A A Ethyl Acetate A A A A
Ammonium Sulphate(a.s.) A A A A Ethyl Diamine (98% a.s.) A A B C
Ammonium Sulphide A A C C Ethylene Glycol A A A A
Aniline A A A A Fatty Acid Diethanolamide A A B B
Aniline (1840C - B.P.) A A A B Fatty Acids A A A A
0
Antimony (III) Chloride (223.6 C - B.P.) A A A A Ferric (III) Chloride A A A B
Antimony (V) Chloride A A B B Ferric (II) Chloride A A A B
Aqua Regia A A A A Ferric Chloride (10%) A A A A
Barium Hydroxide A B B C Fluoride in aq. acid sol’n C C C C
Barium Sulphate A A A B Formaldehyde A A A A
Benzaldehyde A A A B Formic Acid (h.s.) A A A B
Benzene A A A A Fumaric Acid A A A B
Benzoic Acid A A A A Gallic Acid A A B B
0
Benzyl Chloride (179 C - B.P.) A A A B Glutamic Acid A B B C
Boric Acid A A A B Glycerin A A A A
Boron Trifluoride Ether Complex A B C C Glycol A A A B
Bromine A A A A Glycolic Acid (57%) A A A B
0
Bromine (58.8 C - B.P.) A A B B Hydrobromic Acid (h.s.) A A B B
0
Butanol (99.5 C - B.P.) A A A B Hydrazine Hydrate (40% a.s.) A B B C
Calcium Chloride (Free of CaO) A A B B Hydrazine Hydrate (80% a.s.) A A C C
Carbon Disulphide A A A A Hydrazine Sulphate (10% a.s.) A B C C
Carbon Dioxide A A A A Hydrochloric Acid See Fig. 3
Carbon Dioxide (a.s.) A A A - Hydrofluoric Acid (h.s.) C C C C
Carbon Monoxide A A A A Hydrogen Peroxide (30% a.s.) A A B C
Carbon Tetrachloride A A A A Hydrogen Sulphide (a.s.) A A A B
Chloride Bleaching Agent (a.s.) A A A B Hydroiodic Acid (20%) A A A B
Chlorinated Paraffin A A A A Hydroiodic Acid (60%) A A A B
Chloride Gas A A A A Iodine A A A A
Chloride Water A A A A Iron Chloride (h.s.) A A B B
Chloroform A A A A Iron Sulphate (a.s.) A A A B
Chloropropionic Acid A A A A Isoamyl Alcohol A A A B
Chlorosulfonic Acid A A A B Isopropanol A A A A
 Corrosion resistance of Glass-lining with chemicals at different temperatures

Agent 500C 1000C 1500C 2000C Agent 500C 1000C 1500C 2000C
Isopropyl Alcohol A A A B Sodium Biphosphate (50%) A@B.P.
Lactic Acid (95%) A A A B Sodium Bisulphite A A A A
Lead Acetate A A A A Sodium Bisulphate (2% a.s.) A A A B
Lithium Chloride (4% a.s.) A A C C Sodium Carbonate A A
Lithium Chloride (30%) A@B.P. Sodium Chlorate (a.s.) A A B C
Lithium Hydroxide Conc. B C C C Sodium Chloride (a.s.) A@B.P.
Magnesium Carbonate A A B C Sodium Ethylate A@B.P.
Magnesium Chloride (30% a.s.) A A B B Sodium Fluoride A A B C
Magnesium Sulphate (a.s.) A A A B Sodium Glutamate A A A B
Maleic Acid A A A A Sodium Hydroxide See Fig. 8
Methanol A A A A Sodium Hypochloride (a.s.) A A B C
Methyl Acetate A A A A Sodium Methylate A A B B
Methyl Ester of O-hydroxy-benzoic acid A A A B Sodium Nitrate A A A A
Monochloroacetic Acid (h.s.) A A B B Sodium Polysulphide A A B C
Naphthalene A A A A Sodium Sulphide (4% a.s.) A A C C
Naphthalene Sulfinic Acid A A A A Stearic Acid A A A B
Nitric Acid See Fig. 4 Succinic Acid (35%) A A A B
Nitric Oxides A A A A Succinic Acid (sat. sol) A A A B
Nitrobenzene A A A A Sulphur A A A B
Nitrous Acid (h.s.) A A A B Sulphur Dioxide A A A A
Octanol A A A B Sulphuric Acid See Fig. 5
O-Hydroxy-benzoic Acid A A A B Sulphur Trioxide A A A A
Oleum (10% SO3) A A A B Sulphuric Acid (Oleum) A A A A
Organic Chlorides A A A A Tannic Acid A A A B
Ortho Chloro-benzoic Acid (a.s.) A A A A Tartaric Acid A A A B
Oxalic Acid (h.s.) A A A B Tin Chloride A A A A
Perchloric Acid (h.s.) A A A B Toluene A A A A
Perfluorocyclic Ether (a.s.) A A B C Trichloroaceteic Acid (h.s.) A A A B
Phenol A A A A Trichloroethylene A A A A
Phenolphalein A A B C Triethanolamine A A A A
Phosphic Acid See Fig. 6 Triethylamine A C C C
Phosphoric Acid (h.s.) (50%) See Fig. 6 Triethylamine (30% a.s.) A A B C
Phosphoric Ethyl Ester A A C C Trifluoroacetic Acid (anhydrous) A B C C
Phosphorous Acid A B C C Trisodium Phosphate (5% a.s.) B@B.P.
Phosphorous Oxychloride (F-free) A A B C Trisodium Phosphate (50% a.s.) A A B B
Phosphorous Trichloride (F-free) A A B C Urea A A A A
Picric Acid A A A B Water A@B.P.
Polyphosphoric Acid A A A B Zinc Bromide (a.s.) A@B.P.
Potassium Bisulphate A A A A
Potassium Bromide (a.s.) A@B.P.
Potassium Chloride (h.s.) A B B C
Potassium Hydroxide See Fig. 7
Pthalicanhydride A A A A
Pthalicanhydride (F-free) A A A A
Pyridine A A A A
Pyridine Chloride (h.s.) A A A B
Pyridine Hydrochloride A A A B A High Resistance
B Resistance variable as a function of concentration
Pyrogallic Acid (5% a.s.) A@B.P.
C No Resistance
Pyrrolidine A A B C
h.s. Hydrate solution
Sodium Bicarbonate (a.s.) B@B.P. a.s. Aqueous solution
Sodium Bicarbonate (1N a.s.) A A B C B.P. Boiling Point