Culture Name

Bruneian

Orientation

Identification.Brunei Darussalam is a multiethnic society in which one ethnic

group, the Barunay, has a monopoly of political power. Variations in tradition
among other ethnic groups are not regional but cultural, social, and
linguistic. Indigenous Muslims usually are referred to as Brunei Malays even
if they are not native speakers of the Malay language.

Speculations about the etymology include derivations from the Malay ( baru
nah("there!"), a Sanskrit form, and the Kelabit name for the Limbang River.

Location and Geography.The original home of Brunei culture is the area

around the capital, Bandar Seri Begawan. Settlements of Barunay and
Kadayan also are found along the coasts of northern Sarawak and
southwestern Sabah in Malaysia; Tutong and Belait
settlements are found exclusively in Brunei. Bisaya,
Iban, and Penan people also live in Sarawak and
Dusun and Murut people in both Sarawak and Sabah.

Brunei Darussalam is 2,226 square miles (5,763

square kilometers), with a coastline of about 100
miles (161 kilometers) on the South China Sea coast
of northwestern Borneo and along the western
shores of the southernmost portion of Brunei Bay.
Brunei is completely surrounded by the Malaysian
state of Sarawak. The climate is equatorial with high
temperatures, high humidity, and heavy rainfall,
although there is no distinct wet season. The country
is divided into three contiguous administrative
districts—Brunei-Muara, Tutong, and Belait—with a
fourth, Temburong, separated by the Limbang Valley
of Sarawak. The names of the districts derive from
their main rivers.

Approximately 75 percent of the country is forested, although the exportation

of whole logs has been banned. The country is covered with a wide range of
mangrove, heath, peat swamp, mixed dipterocarp, and montane forests.
There are numerous rivers, whose broad valleys contain most of the
country's settlements. The southern portion of Temburong is mountainous
and sparsely populated.
Demography.The 1998 population estimate was 323,600. Malays constitute
about 67 percent of the total; Chinese, 15 percent; other indigenous peoples
(Iban, Dayak, and Kelabit, all mainly from Sarawak), 6 percent, and others, 12
percent. In the late 1980s, 24,500 immigrants worked primarily in the
petroleum industry. The population has increased more than twelve-fold since
the first decade of the twentieth century. The distribution of population is
Brunei-Muara, 66 percent; Belait, 20 percent; Tutong, 11 percent; and
Temburong, 3 percent.

Linguistic Affiliation.Malay is the official language, but English is widely used

in commerce. The Brunei dialect of Malay has many unique lexical items and
a distinctive syntax. Malay is in the Western Malayo-Polynesian subgroup of
the Austronesian language family, which also includes the other languages
spoken in Brunei. Various Chinese languages, English, and Philippine and
mainland south Asian languages are spoken by guest workers. Many
individuals are multilingual.

Symbolism.The national flag is a yellow field of two trapeziums with a white

diagonal parallelogramstripe above a black diagonal parallelogram stripe,
representing the offices of the first vizier (a Muslim official), the Pengiran
Bendahara, and the third vizier, the Pengiran Pamancha. These were the only
vizier offices occupied in 1906, when the first British resident took up
occupancy. The flag is emblazoned in the center by the state crest in red,
which was added in 1959. The crest is composed of a flag and royal umbrella;
four feathers symbolizing the protection of justice, tranquillity, prosperity,
and peace; two hands representing the government's pledge to promote
welfare, peace, and prosperity; and a crescent symbolizing Islam and
inscribed in Arabic "Always in service with God's guidance"; with a scroll
inscribed in Arabic letters,Brunei Darussalam("Brunei the Abode of Peace").

History and Ethnic Relations

Emergence of the Nation.The origins of the nation are only dimly known.
Local traditions speak of a set of ancient local Bornean culture heroes,
including Hawang Halak Batatar, who adopted Islam and became the first
Muslim sultan of Brunei, Sultan Muhammad (reigned 1405–1415), and his
brother, Patih Barbai, who became the second sultan, Sultan Ahmad (reigned
1415–1425). These heroes gave rise to the Barunay nobles. Many Barunay
aristocrats trace their origins to the Pagar Uyung area of the Minangakabau
highlands of Sumatra. The third sultan, Sharif Ali (reigned 1425–1433), who
married a daughter of Sultan Ahmad, came from Arabia and was a
descendant of the Prophet Muhammad, as were all the following sultans.
Chinese documents record the ruler of Brunei sending a mission to the
emperor of China in 977C.E.The Brunei Empire, stretching to Manila and the
southern Philippines and the coastal areas of western and northern Borneo,
reached its height in the sixteenth century; the nadir occurred in the
nineteenth century. Two ultimately unsuccessful Spanish invasions from
Manila occurred in 1578 and 1580. A twelve-year civil war occurred in 1661–
1673. Brunei became a British protected state in 1888 and became internally
self-governing after the promulgation of the constitution in 1959. After
achieving full independent sovereignty in 1984, Brunei joined the Association
of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), the Organization of Islamic Conference,
and the United Nations. In 1992, Brunei joined the Nonaligned Movements.

National Identity.In 1990, a new state ideology was launched to promote the
unity of the diverse groups within a plural society. Malayu Islam Beraja (MIB,
or Malay Muslim Monarchy) is based on the idea of Brunei as a traditional
Malay state, a long-established Islamic state, and a monarchy.

Ethnic Relations.All the ethnic groups in the nation have always been under
the authority and rule of the sultan.

Urbanism, Architecture, and the Use of Space

More than half the population lives in and around the capital. Other major
towns include Tutong Town, seat of Tutong District; Kuala Belait, seat of
Belait District; the small town of Bangar, seat of Temburong District; the
deep-water port Muara, which opened in 1973 in Brunei-Muara District; and
Seria, the center of the petroleum industry, in Belait District. There are also
suburban developments around the capital and rural villages. The past two
decades have seen a tremendous buildup around the capital. A network of
roads and highways connects settlements in the three contiguous districts;
Temburong is reached by boat from the capital area.

The architecture of the capital and its environs is dominated by the gold-
domed Omar Ali Saifuddien Mosque (completed in 1958); the Nurul Iman
Palace (1983), the largest residential palace in the world; the Royal Regalia
Building (1992); the Royal Audience Hall (1968); and the Legislative Assembly
(1968). The Tomb of the Fifth sultan is two miles downstream from the
capital. The Royal Mausoleum has been used since 1786. The Hassanal
Bolkiah National Stadium is the site of many large public celebrations.
Numerous parks and recreation centers have been developed in the last
decade.

Food and Economy

Food in Daily Life.The diet consists of rice and curries of vegetables, fish,
shellfish, and fruits. Curries of water buffalo, chicken, and beef are consumed
on special occasions. Game birds and animals (especially mouse deer,
barking deer, and sambar) are eaten in rural areas. Many kinds of Malay rice
cakes and confections are also eaten. Pork products are forbidden to
Muslims. There is a wide range of open-air markets and restaurants in the
main towns. A popular local drink is iced unripe coconut milk. Coffee is
widely consumed; alcoholic drinksare forbidden to Muslims.

Food Customs at Ceremonial Occasions.At large Malay wedding feasts and

the forty-day funeral feast, rice and coconut cream-based meat curries
(santan) are served, often to a hundred or more guests.

Basic Economy.Since World War II, the state's economy has been based on
the exportation of petroleum and liquified natural gas (LNG), which account
for about 36 percent of the gross domestic product (GDP). Brunei is the third
largest oil producer in southeast Asia and the fourth largest producer of LNG
in the world, exporting mainly to Japan, the United States, and ASEAN
countries. Brunei produces only about 1 percent of its domestic needs for
rice, 11 percent for fruit, 65 percent for vegetables, and some livestock
(cattle and water buffalo). In early 1998, approximately 36,345 wage earners
worked for the government and 106,000 were in the private sector. In rural
areas an unknown number are still primarily subsistence producers. There
are no sales, personal income, or capital gains taxes, only a 30 percent tax
on corporate income. The workweek is Monday through Thursday and
Saturday, with Friday and Sunday off. The national currency is known as the
Bruneian dollar.

Land Tenure and Property.Before the land code of 1909, all land was either
Crown Land, appanage land (held by high ranking nobles who were awarded
"sacred" titles by the sultan), or private-heirloom land (held primarily by high-
ranking nobles). Today any land not under private title is state land. Only
citizens are allowed to own land. Rural villages have rights to state land for
agricultural use.

Commercial Activities.Commerce is in its infancy. Local industry includes a

water-bottling plant, a soft drink franchise, and garment companies. Foreign
investment is encouraged but not highly developed. Priority is given to
ensuring the stability of the natural environment, and all pollutingindustries
are banned. Forest products and deep-sea fishing are not open to foreign
investment. An international airport opened in 1974, and Royal Brunei Airlines
began operation in 1975.

Major Industries.Commercial production of oil from land wells began in 1929.

In 1963, production from offshore wells began. A major LNG production
facility was completed in 1972.
Trade.The Bruneian economy is largely supported by exports of crude oil and
natural gas, with revenues from the petroleum sector accounting for more
than 50 percent of GDP. A 1990 study estimated that the commodities
exported totaled approximately $2.2 billion, with the main exports including
crude oil, liquid natural gas and petroleum. Brunei's main trading partners
include Japan, the United Kingdom, and South Korea. The same 1990 study
accounted for $1.7 billion in imported commodities. Brunei imports such
goods as machinery and transport equipment, food, and manufactured goods.
Singapore, the United Kingdom, and Switzerland are established as Brunei's
main resources for these imported goods.

Social Stratification

Classes and Castes.The dominant ethnic group, the Barunay, is composed of

four ranked ascribed social classes: the nobles, the aristocrats, the ordinary
people, and the slaves, although slavery is no longer practiced. Because
class membership is strictly genealogical, a person assumes the class
membership of his or her father and cannot rise or fall into any other class.
There are no castes. The Kadayan have no social classes.

Symbols of Social Stratification.The only outward signs of social

stratification are the prename titles of respect used in addressing or
referring to nobles.

Political Life

Government.Brunei Darussalam is an absolute constitutional monarchy.

There are no political parties, elections, or legislature. Attempts to establish
political parties in 1956 and 1985 did not succeed. In 1996, the first General
Assembly of over a thousand elected village andmukimleaders met to give
input to the Government. The first written constitution was promulgated in
1959, naming the sultan head of state, assisted by five councils (Religious
Council, Privy Council, Council of Ministers, Legislative Council, and Council
of Succession), with internal self-government and defense and foreign
relations run by the United Kingdom. It was amended in 1971 to establish
joint Bruneian-British responsibility for defense; in 1984, a cabinet-style
government was introduced when Brunei resumed full sovereignty.

The sultan appoints judges to the Supreme Court, which consists of the high
court and the court of appeals, and the Subordinate Court, which consists of
the magistrate's courts. In 1991, an intermediate court was given civil and
criminal jurisdiction. Syariah courts deal with Islamic law.

Leadership and Political Officials.There are two forms of government

administration—a modern administrative bureaucracy and a traditional
system of ritual offices—which are awarded to nobles and aristocrats by the
sultan. Individuals can rise through the ranks in both systems. The traditional
system includes for the nobles five offices of vizier and about sixty additional
various offices, and for the aristocrats about seventy-three offices of minister
(Pehin). All occupants are males. Not all these traditional offices are always
occupied at any given time; offices are not inherited on the death of their
occupants but remain vacant until a sultan appoints a new occupant.

Social Problems and Control.While the incidence of child abuse appears to be

low, it is punished severely. Spouse abuse can be a cause for divorce. In
general, Brunei is crime-free, especially in terms of violent crime.

Military Activity.The Royal Brunei Armed Forces (RBAF) was founded in 1961.
The RBAF was restructured in 1991 into land forces, an air force, a navy,
support services, and a training corps. Service in the RBAF is voluntary. The
main purpose of the military forces is defense.

Social Welfare and Change Programs

Since 1955, citizens, permanent residents, and persons who have worked in
Brunei for thirty years have been entitled to a monthly pension. Elderly
persons with dependents below working age receive additional allowances.

Nongovernmental Organizations and Other Associations

Muslims in Brunei may not belong to international service organizations.

Gender Roles and Statuses

Division of Labor by Gender.Women have begun to assume positions of

responsibility in government offices and departments. While women can be in
the armed forces, they may not serve in combat.

The Relative Status of Women and Men.Compared to Islamic societies in the

Middle East, women have very high status. Muslim women are encouraged to
wear thetudong, a traditional head covering.

Marriage, Family, and Kinship

Marriage.Usually the parents of a young man arrange a marriage with the

parents of a young woman. For a Muslim, the spouse must also be Muslim;
thus, individuals, especially men, often convert to Islam in order to marry a
Muslim. Interethnic group marriages are not uncommon. There is
considerable minor variation in marriage ceremonies from group to group and
within ethnic groups.
Domestic Unit.The domestic unit may be either a nuclear family or an
extended family. This domestic arrangement is generated by a tradition in
which a newly married couple joins the household of the bride's parents.
After some time, young married couples may establish their own independent
household.

Inheritance.Islamic inheritance law applies to Muslims. For non-Muslims,

traditional practices apply.

Kin Groups.There are no descent-based kin groups. Malay kinship

terminology is generational, with all "aunts" and "uncles" referred to as
"mother" and "father," and Hawaiian, with all "cousins" referred to as
"siblings." The kinship network of relatives may be very wide in the case of
the Kadayan, who treat a relative by marriage the same as a blood relative,
or narrower, in the case of the Barunay.

Socialization

Infant Care.Infants are watched over constantly by their parents, who often
take them to the tasks in which they are engaged. Babies are fondly loved
and appreciated by all.

Child Rearing and Education.Parents give young children responsibility for

the care of their infant siblings at an early age, especially in rural areas.

Higher Education.The Universiti Brunei Darussalamopened in 1985 and offers

a number of undergraduate degree programs, a few master's degrees, and a
few certificate programs. Approximately two thousands government
scholarship students study abroad, mainly in Commonwealth countries.

Etiquette

The following rules of etiquette are universal: pass items only with the right
hand; refuse food by touching the container with the right hand, never
verbally; use a thumb, never an index finger, to point; remove shoes whenever
entering a home or public building, especially a mosque; shake hands gently
and then gently touch the center of one's chest with the right hand
afterward; never address a person by name alone; never consume items until
specifically requested to do so; avoid public intersexual bodily contact; and
never lose one's temper.

Religion

Religious Beliefs.The national religion is the Shafeite sect of Islam. Religious

holidays have variable dates that are set according to a lunar calendar. Early
Ramadhan marks the beginning of the holy fasting month; the Anniversary of
the Al-Quran commemorates the revelation
of the Holy Book of Islam; Hari Raya Adilfitri
or Hari Raya Puasa celebrates the end of the
fasting month; Hari Raya Aidiladha or Hari
Raya Haji celebrates the Haj or holy
pilgrimage to Mecca; Hijrah celebrates the
journey of the Prophet Muhammad Sallallahu
Alihi Wassalam from Mecca to Medina;
Mulaud, or the Birthday of the Prophet
Muhammad, celebrates the birth of the
founder of Islam; and Israk Mikraj
commemorates the ascendancy of
Muhammad into heaven.

Religious Practitioners.The sultan is the

head of the Islamic faith. For all Muslims, matters of marriage,

divorce, and the family as well as some sexual crimes are governed by
Islamic law and fall under the jurisdiction of the religious court system.
Rituals and Holy Places.Sixty mosques are maintained by the Ministry of
Religious Affairs. Tombs of sultans are often treated as shrines.

Medicine and Health Care

Government health services are free for citizens, with minimal charges for
permanent residents and immigrant government employees and their
dependents. There are government hospitals in each of the four districts and
two private hospitals, with the main referral hospital in the capital. Rural
villages are served by scheduled Flying Medical Services by helicopter.
Citizens are often sent abroad for treatment at government expense.

Secular Celebrations

The national secular holidays are New Year's Day, 1 January; National Day,
celebrating Brunei's resumption of full independent sovereignty in 1984, 23
February; Royal Brunei Armed Forces Day, marking the foundation day of the
RBAF in 1961, 31 May; the Birthday of His Majesty the Sultan Haji Hassanal
Bolkiah the Yang Dipertuan of Brunei Darussalam, 15 July; Christmas, 25
December; and Chinese New Year's Day, whose date is fixed by a lunar
calendar.

The Arts and Humanities

Support for the Arts.History and local crafts are supported by a number of
public institutions, including the Royal Regalia Building (1992), the Brunei
History Center (1982) and the associated Churchill Memorial Museum, the
Brunei Museum (1972), the Malay
Technology Museum (1988), the Arts and
Handicraft Center, and the Constitutional
Museum.

Literature.The Language and Literature

Bureau promotes the development of
literature and folklore and publishes
textbooks in Malay and English for use in
primary and secondary schools. A form of
poetry known assajakis popular with
schoolchildren. A number of local authors
have become well known. The most famous
work of traditional literature is the epic
poemSya'ir Awang Simawn, which recounts
the exploits of the culture hero

Simawn and constitutes a traditional history of the sultanate.

Graphic Arts.Traditional arts and crafts form a large segment of Brunei's
cultural heritage. Boat making, silver-smithing, bronze tooling, cloth weaving
and basket making are examples of the types of artistry celebrated and
emulated in modern-day culture.

The Omar Ali Saifuddin Mosque

on the Brunei River in Bandar Seri Begawan.
Brunei is a constitutional monarchy;
the Sultan is the head of state and
all other political offices are held by men.

The State of the Physical and Social Sciences

The Hassanal Bolkiah Aquarium is in the capital. The Kuala Belalong Field
Studies Center, set up in 1991 under the joint sponsorship of the University
Brunei Darussalam's Department of Biology and the Brunei Shell Petroleum
Company, is located in the Temburong District. A department of sociology
and anthropologywas opened at the University Brunei Darussalam in 1997.

http://www.everyculture.com/Bo-Co/Brunei-Darussalam.html

Comparisons of both countries

Brunei Darussalam Philippines

Background The Sultanate of Brunei's "The Philippine Islands became a
influence peaked between the Spanish colony during the 16th
15th and 17th centuries when century; they were ceded to the
its control extended over US in 1898 following the Spanish-
coastal areas of northwest American War. In 1935 the
Borneo and the southern Philippines became a self-
Philippines. Brunei governing commonwealth. Manuel
subsequently entered a period QUEZON was elected president
of decline brought on by and was tasked with preparing
internal strife over royal the country for independence
succession, colonial expansion after a 10-year transition. In 1942
of European powers, and the islands fell under Japanese
piracy. In 1888, Brunei became occupation during World War II,
a British protectorate; and US forces and Filipinos fought
independence was achieved in together during 1944-45 to regain
1984. The same family has control. On 4 July 1946 the
ruled Brunei for over six Republic of the Philippines
centuries. Brunei benefits from attained its independence. A 20-
extensive petroleum and year rule by Ferdinand MARCOS
natural gas fields, the source of ended in 1986, when a ""people
one of the highest per capita power"" movement in Manila
GDPs in the world. (""EDSA 1"") forced him into exile
and installed Corazon AQUINO as
president. Her presidency was
hampered by several coup
attempts that prevented a return
to full political stability and
economic development. Fidel
RAMOS was elected president in
1992. His administration was
marked by increased stability and
by progress on economic reforms.
In 1992, the US closed its last
military bases on the islands.
Joseph ESTRADA was elected
president in 1998. He was
succeeded by his vice-president,
Gloria MACAPAGAL-ARROYO, in
January 2001 after ESTRADA's
stormy impeachment trial on
corruption charges broke down
and another ""people power""
movement (""EDSA 2"") demanded
his resignation. MACAPAGAL-
 ARROYO was elected to a six-year
term as president in May 2004.
Her presidency was marred by
several corruption allegations but
the Philippine economy was one
of the few to avoid contraction
following the 2008 global
financial crisis, expanding each
year of her administration.
Benigno AQUINO III was elected
to a six-year term as president in
May 2010 and was succeeded by
Rodrigo DUTERTE in May 2016.
The Philippine Government faces
threats from several groups, some
of which are on the US
Government's Foreign Terrorist
Organization list. Manila has
waged a decades-long struggle
against ethnic Moro insurgencies
in the southern Philippines, which
has led to a peace accord with
the Moro National Liberation
Front and ongoing peace talks
with the Moro Islamic Liberation
Front. The decades-long Maoist-
inspired New People's Army
insurgency also operates through
much of the country. The
Philippines faces increased
tension with China over disputed
territorial and maritime claims in
the South China Sea.
"

Geography
 Brunei Philippines

Location Southeastern Asia, along Southeastern Asia, archipelago between

the northern coast of the the Philippine Sea and the South China
island of Borneo, Sea, east of Vietnam
bordering the South China
Sea and Malaysia

Geographic 4 30 N, 114 40 E 13 00 N, 122 00 E

coordinates

Map Southeast Asia Southeast Asia

references

Area total: 5,765 sq km total: 300,000 sq km

land: 5,265 sq km land: 298,170 sq km
water: 500 sq km water: 1,830 sq km

Area - slightly smaller than slightly less than twice the size of
comparative Delaware Georgia; slightly larger than Arizona

Land total: 266 km 0 km

boundaries border countries
(1): Malaysia 266 km

Coastline 161 km 36,289 km

Maritime territorial sea: 12 nm territorial sea: irregular polygon

claims exclusive economic extending up to 100 nm from coastline as
zone: 200 nm or to defined by 1898 treaty; since late 1970s
median line has also claimed polygonal-shaped area
in South China Sea as wide as 285 nm
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
continental shelf: to the depth of
exploitation

Climate tropical; hot, humid, rainy tropical marine; northeast monsoon

(November to April); southwest
monsoon (May to October)
 Brunei Philippines

Terrain flat coastal plain rises to mostly mountains with narrow to

mountains in east; hilly extensive coastal lowlands
lowland in west

Elevation mean elevation: 478 m mean elevation: 442 m

extremes elevation elevation extremes: lowest point:
extremes: lowest point: Philippine Sea 0 m
South China Sea 0 m highest point: Mount Apo 2,954 m
highest point: Bukit
Pagon 1,850 m

Natural petroleum, natural gas, timber, petroleum, nickel, cobalt, silver,

resources timber gold, salt, copper

Land use agricultural land: 2.5% agricultural land: 41%

arable land 0.8%; arable land 18.2%; permanent crops
permanent crops 1.1%; 17.8%; permanent pasture 5%
permanent pasture 0.6% forest: 25.9%
forest: 71.8% other: 33.1% (2011 est.)
other: 25.7% (2011 est.)

Irrigated land 10 sq km (2012) 16,270 sq km (2012)

Natural typhoons, earthquakes, astride typhoon belt, usually affected by

hazards and severe flooding are 15 and struck by five to six cyclonic
rare storms each year; landslides; active
volcanoes; destructive earthquakes;
tsunamis
volcanism: significant volcanic activity;
Taal (elev. 311 m), which has shown
recent unrest and may erupt in the near
future, has been deemed a Decade
Volcano by the International Association
of Volcanology and Chemistry of the
Earth's Interior, worthy of study due to
its explosive history and close proximity
to human populations; Mayon (elev.
2,462 m), the country's most active
volcano, erupted in 2009 forcing over
33,000 to be evacuated; other historically
 Brunei Philippines

active volcanoes include Biliran,

Babuyan Claro, Bulusan, Camiguin,
Camiguin de Babuyanes, Didicas, Iraya,
Jolo, Kanlaon, Makaturing, Musuan,
Parker, Pinatubo, and Ragang

Environment - seasonal smoke/haze uncontrolled deforestation especially in

current issues resulting from forest fires watershed areas; soil erosion; air and
in Indonesia water pollution in major urban centers;
coral reef degradation; increasing
pollution of coastal mangrove swamps
that are important fish breeding grounds

Environment - party to: Biodiversity, party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change,

international Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol,
agreements Desertification, Desertification, Endangered Species,
Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea,
Hazardous Wastes, Law Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer
of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical
Protection, Ship Pollution Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94,
signed, but not Wetlands, Whaling
ratified: none of the signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-
selected agreements Persistent Organic Pollutants

Geography - close to vital sea lanes the Philippine archipelago is made up of

note through South China Sea 7,107 islands; favorably located in
linking Indian and Pacific relation to many of Southeast Asia's
Oceans; two parts main water bodies: the South China Sea,
physically separated by Philippine Sea, Sulu Sea, Celebes Sea,
Malaysia; almost an and Luzon Strait
enclave within Malaysia

Demographics
 Brunei Philippines

Population 436,620 (July 2016 est.) 102,624,209 (July 2016 est.)

Age structure 0-14 years: 23.46% (male 0-14 years: 33.71% (male
52,785/female 49,638) 17,652,419/female 16,943,261)
15-24 years: 17.11% (male 15-24 years: 19.17% (male
37,103/female 37,603) 10,042,520/female 9,629,762)
25-54 years: 46.8% (male 25-54 years: 36.86% (male
98,152/female 106,206) 19,204,977/female 18,618,333)
55-64 years: 8.09% (male 55-64 years: 5.89% (male
18,043/female 17,278) 2,758,867/female 3,282,416)
65 years and over: 4.54% 65 years and over: 4.38% (male
(male 9,635/female 10,177) 1,863,339/female 2,628,315) (2016
(2016 est.) est.)

Median age total: 29.9 years total: 23.4 years

male: 29.5 years male: 22.9 years
female: 30.3 years (2016 est.) female: 23.8 years (2016 est.)

Population 1.6% (2016 est.) 1.59% (2016 est.)

growth rate

Birth rate 17.2 births/1,000 population 24 births/1,000 population (2016

(2016 est.) est.)

Death rate 3.6 deaths/1,000 population 6.1 deaths/1,000 population (2016

(2016 est.) est.)

Net migration 2.4 migrant(s)/1,000 -2 migrant(s)/1,000 population

rate population (2016 est.) (2016 est.)

Sex ratio at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female

0-14 years: 1.06 0-14 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
male(s)/female 15-24 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
15-24 years: 0.99 25-54 years: 1.03 male(s)/female
male(s)/female 55-64 years: 0.84 male(s)/female
25-54 years: 0.92 65 years and over: 0.72
male(s)/female male(s)/female
55-64 years: 1.04 total population: 1.01
 Brunei Philippines

male(s)/female male(s)/female (2016 est.)

65 years and over: 0.95
male(s)/female
total population: 0.98
male(s)/female (2016 est.)

Infant mortality total: 9.9 deaths/1,000 live total: 21.9 deaths/1,000 live births
rate births male: 24.8 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 11.7 deaths/1,000 live female: 18.8 deaths/1,000 live
births births (2016 est.)
female: 7.9 deaths/1,000 live
births (2016 est.)

Life expectancy total population: 77.2 years total population: 69.2 years
at birth male: 74.8 years male: 65.7 years
female: 79.6 years (2016 est.) female: 72.9 years (2016 est.)

Total fertility 1.79 children born/woman 3.06 children born/woman (2016

rate (2016 est.) est.)

HIV/AIDS - NA 0.08% (2015 est.)

adult
prevalence rate

Nationality noun: Bruneian(s) noun: Filipino(s)

adjective: Bruneian adjective: Philippine

Ethnic groups Malay 65.7%, Chinese 10.3%, Tagalog 28.1%, Cebuano 13.1%,
other indigenous 3.4%, other Ilocano 9%, Bisaya/Binisaya 7.6%,
20.6% (2011 est.) Hiligaynon Ilonggo 7.5%, Bikol
6%, Waray 3.4%, other 25.3%
(2000 census)

HIV/AIDS - NA 42,500 (2015 est.)

people living
with HIV/AIDS
 Brunei Philippines

Religions Muslim (official) 78.8%, Catholic 82.9% (Roman Catholic

Christian 8.7%, Buddhist 80.9%, Aglipayan 2%), Muslim
7.8%, other (includes 5%, Evangelical 2.8%, Iglesia ni
indigenous beliefs) 4.7% Kristo 2.3%, other Christian 4.5%,
(2011 est.) other 1.8%, unspecified 0.6%,
none 0.1% (2000 census)

HIV/AIDS - NA 600 (2015 est.)

deaths

Languages Malay (official), English, Filipino (official; based on

Chinese dialects Tagalog) and English (official);
eight major dialects - Tagalog,
Cebuano, Ilocano, Hiligaynon or
Ilonggo, Bicol, Waray, Pampango,
and Pangasinan

Literacy definition: age 15 and over definition: age 15 and over can
can read and write read and write
total population: 96% total population: 96.3%
male: 97.5% male: 95.8%
female: 94.5% (2015 est.) female: 96.8% (2015 est.)

School life total: 15 years total: 13 years

expectancy male: 14 years male: 12 years
(primary to female: 15 years (2015) female: 13 years (2013)
tertiary
education)

Education 3.7% of GDP (2016) 2.7% of GDP (2009)

expenditures

Urbanization urban population: 77.2% of urban population: 44.4% of total

total population (2015) population (2015)
rate of urbanization: -1.79% rate of urbanization: 1.32%
annual rate of change (2010- annual rate of change (2010-15
15 est.) est.)
 Brunei Philippines

Major cities - BANDAR SERI BEGAWAN MANILA (capital) 12.946 million;

population (capital) 241,000 Davao 1.63 million; Cebu City
note: the boundaries of the 951,000; Zamboanga 936,000
capital city were expanded in (2015)
2007, greatly increasing the
city area; the population of the
capital increased tenfold
(2011)

Maternal 23 deaths/100,000 live births 114 deaths/100,000 live births

mortality rate (2015 est.) (2015 est.)

Children under 9.6% (2009) 19.9% (2014)

the age of 5
years
underweight

Health 2.6% of GDP (2014) 4.7% of GDP (2014)

expenditures

Hospital bed 2.8 beds/1,000 population 1 beds/1,000 population (2011)

density (2012)

Obesity - adult 18.6% (2014) 4.7% (2014)

prevalence rate

Dependency total dependency ratio: 38 total dependency ratio: 57.6

ratios youth dependency youth dependency ratio: 50.3
ratio: 31.9 elderly dependency ratio: 7.2
elderly dependency potential support ratio: 13.9
ratio: 6.1 (2015 est.)
potential support ratio: 16.4
(2015 est.)

Government
 Brunei Philippines

Country name "conventional long conventional long form: Republic

form: Brunei Darussalam of the Philippines
conventional short conventional short
form: Brunei form: Philippines
local long form: Negara local long form: Republika ng
Brunei Darussalam Pilipinas
local short form: Brunei local short form: Pilipinas
etymology: derivation of the etymology: named in honor of
name is unclear; according to King PHILLIP II of Spain by
legend, MUHAMMAD SHAH, Spanish explorer Ruy LOPEZ de
who would become the first VILLALOBOS, who visited some
sultan of Brunei, upon of the islands in 1543
discovering what would
become Brunei exclaimed
""Baru nah,"" which roughly
translates as ""there"" or
""that's it""
"

Government absolute monarchy or sultanate presidential republic

type

Capital name: Bandar Seri Begawan name: Manila

geographic coordinates: 4 53 geographic coordinates: 14 36 N,
N, 114 56 E 120 58 E
time difference: UTC+8 (13 time difference: UTC+8 (13 hours
hours ahead of Washington, ahead of Washington, DC, during
DC, during Standard Time) Standard Time)

Administrative 4 districts (daerah-daerah, 80 provinces and 39 chartered

divisions singular - daerah); Belait, cities
Brunei-Muara, Temburong, provinces: Abra, Agusan del
Tutong Norte, Agusan del Sur, Aklan,
Albay, Antique, Apayao, Aurora,
Basilan, Bataan, Batanes,
Batangas, Biliran, Benguet, Bohol,
Bukidnon, Bulacan, Cagayan,
Camarines Norte, Camarines Sur,
Camiguin, Capiz, Catanduanes,
Cavite, Cebu, Compostela,
Cotabato, Davao del Norte, Davao
 Brunei Philippines

del Sur, Davao Oriental, Dinagat

Islands, Eastern Samar, Guimaras,
Ifugao, Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur,
Iloilo, Isabela, Kalinga, Laguna,
Lanao del Norte, Lanao del Sur, La
Union, Leyte, Maguindanao,
Marinduque, Masbate, Mindoro
Occidental, Mindoro Oriental,
Misamis Occidental, Misamis
Oriental, Mountain, Negros
Occidental, Negros Oriental,
Northern Samar, Nueva Ecija,
Nueva Vizcaya, Palawan,
Pampanga, Pangasinan, Quezon,
Quirino, Rizal, Romblon, Samar,
Sarangani, Siquijor, Sorsogon,
South Cotabato, Southern Leyte,
Sultan Kudarat, Sulu, Surigao del
Norte, Surigao del Sur, Tarlac,
Tawi-Tawi, Zambales, Zamboanga
del Norte, Zamboanga del Sur,
Zamboanga Sibugay
chartered cities: Angeles,
Antipolo, Bacolod, Baguio,
Butuan, Cagayan de Oro,
Caloocan, Cebu, Cotabato,
Dagupan, Davao, General Santos,
Iligan, Iloilo, Lapu-Lapu, Las
Pinas, Lucena, Makati, Malabon,
Mandaluyong, Mandaue, Manila,
Marikina, Muntinlupa, Naga,
Navotas, Olongapo, Ormoc,
Paranaque, Pasay, Pasig, Puerto
Princesa, Quezon, San Juan,
Santiago, Tacloban, Taguig,
Valenzuela, Zamboanga (2012)

Independence 1 January 1984 (from the UK) 4 July 1946 (from the US)

National National Day, 23 February Independence Day, 12 June (1898);

holiday (1984); note - 1 January 1984 note - 12 June 1898 was date of
was the date of independence declaration of independence from
 Brunei Philippines

from the UK, 23 February 1984 Spain; 4 July 1946 was date of
was the date of independence independence from the US
from British protection

Constitution drafted 1954 to 1959, signed 29 several previous; latest ratified 2

September 1959; amended February 1987, effective 11
1984, 2004, 2011; note - some February 1987 (2016)
constitutional provisions
suspended since 1962 under a
State of Emergency, others
suspended since independence
in 1984 (2016)

Legal system mixed legal system based on mixed legal system of civil,
English common law and common, Islamic, and customary
Islamic law; note - in May law
2014, the first phase of a
sharia-based penal codes was
instituted, which applies to
Muslims and non-Muslims and
exists in parallel to the existing
common law-based code

Suffrage 18 years of age for village 18 years of age; universal

elections; universal

Executive chief of state: Sultan and "chief of state: President Rodrigo

branch Prime Minister Sir DUTERTE (since 30 June 2016);
HASSANAL Bolkiah (since 5 Vice President Leni ROBREDO
October 1967); note - the (since 30 June 2016); note - the
monarch is both chief of state president is both chief of state and
and head of government head of government
head of government: Sultan head of government: President
and Prime Minister Sir Rodrigo DUTERTE (since 30 June
HASSANAL Bolkiah (since 5 2016)
October 1967) cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the
cabinet: Council of Ministers president with the consent of the
appointed and presided over by Commission of Appointments, an
the monarch; note - 4 additional independent body of 25
advisory councils appointed by Congressional members including
 Brunei Philippines

the monarch are the Religious the Senate president (ex officio
Council, Privy Council for chairman), appointed by the
constitutional issues, Council president
of Succession, and Legislative elections/appointments: president
Council and vice president directly elected
elections/appointments: none; on separate ballots by simple
the monarchy is hereditary majority popular vote for a single
6-year term; election last held on 9
May 2016 (next to be held on May
2022)
election results: Rodrigo
DUTERTE elected president;
percent of vote - Rodrigo
DUTERTE (PDP-Laban) 39%,
Manuel ""Mar"" ROXAS (LP)
23.4%, Grace POE (independent)
21.4%, Jejomar BINAY (UNA)
12.7%, Miriam Defensor
SANTIAGO (PRP) 3%; Leni
ROBREDO elected vice president;
percent of vote Leni ROBREDO
(LP) 35.1%, Bongbong MARCOS
(independent) 34.5%
"

Legislative description: Legislative description: bicameral Congress

branch Council or Majlis Mesyuarat or Kongreso consists of the Senate
Negara Brunei (36 seats; or Senado (24 seats; members
members appointed by the directly elected in multi-seat
sultan including 3 ex-officio constituencies by majority vote;
members - the speaker and first members serve 6-year terms with
and second secretaries; meets one-half of the membership
annually for approximately two renewed every 3 years) and the
weeks) House of Representatives or
elections: last held in March Kapulungan Ng Mga Kinatawan
1962 (date of next election NA) (292 seats; 234 members directly
elected in single-seat
constituencies by simple majority
vote and 58 representing minorities
directly elected by proportional
representation vote; members serve
3-year terms)
elections: Senate - elections last
 Brunei Philippines

held on 13 May 2013 (next to be

held in May 2016); House of
Representatives - elections last
held on 13 May 2013 (next to be
held in May 2016)
election results: Senate - percent
of vote by party for 2013 election -
UNA 26.94%, NP 15.3%, LP
11.32%, NPC 10.15%, LDP 5.38%,
PDP-Laban 4.95%, others 9.72%,
independents 16.24%; seats by
party after 2013 election - UNA 5,
NP 5, LP 4, Lakas 2, NPC 2, LDP
1, PDP-Laban 1, PRP 1,
independents 3; House of
Representatives - percent of vote
by party - LP 38.3%, NPC 17.4%,
UNA 11.4%, NUP 8.7%, NP 8.5%,
Lakas 5.3%, independents 6.0%,
others 4.4%; seats by party - LP
110, NPC 43, NUP 24, NP 17,
Lakas 14, UNA 8, independents 6,
others 12; party-list 57

Judicial highest resident highest court(s): Supreme Court

branch court(s): Supreme Court (consists of a chief justice and 14
(consists of Court of Appeal associate justices)
and High Court, each with a judge selection and term of
chief justice and 2 judges); office: justices are appointed by
Sharia Court of Appeal the president on the
(consists of judges appointed recommendation of the Judicial
by the monarch); note - Brunei and Bar Council, a
has a dual judicial system of constitutionally-created, 6-member
secular and sharia (religious) body that recommends Supreme
courts; the Judicial Committee Court nominees; justices serve
of Privy Council in London until age 70
serves as the final appellate subordinate courts: Court of
court for civil cases only Appeals; Sandiganbayan (special
judge selection and term of court for corruption cases of
office: Supreme Court judges government officials); Court of Tax
appointed by the monarch to Appeals; regional, metropolitan,
serve until age 65, and older if and municipal trial courts; sharia
approved by the monarch; courts
 Brunei Philippines

Sharia Court of Appeal judges

appointed by the monarch;
judges appointed for life
subordinate
courts: Intermediate Court;
Magistrate's Courts; Juvenile
Court; small claims courts;
lower sharia courts

Political National Development Party or "Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino

parties and NDP [YASSIN Affendi] (Struggle of Filipino Democrats) or
leaders note: Brunei National LDP [Edgardo ANGARA]
Solidarity Party or PPKB Lakas ng EDSA-Christian Muslim
[Abdul LATIF bin Chuchu] and Democrats or Lakas-CMD
People's Awareness Party or [Ferdinand Martin ROMUALDEZ,
PAKAR [Awang Haji MAIDIN president]
bin Haji Ahmad] were Liberal Party or LP [Joseph Emilio
deregistered in 2007; parties are ABAYA, president]
small and have limited activity Nacionalista Party or NP [Manuel
""Manny"" VILLAR]
Nationalist People's Coalition or
NPC [Eduardo COJUNGCO, Jr.]
PDP-Laban [Aquilino PIMENTEL
III]
People's Reform Party or PRP
[Miriam Defensor SANTIAGO]
Puwersa ng Masang Pilipino
(Force of the Philippine Masses) or
PMP [Joseph ESTRADA]
United Nationalist Alliance or
UNA [Toby TIANGCO (acting)] -
PDP-Laban and PMP coalition for
the 2013 election
"

Political NA Black and White Movement

pressure [Vicente ROMANO]
groups and Kilosbayan [Jovito SALONGA]
leaders

International ADB, APEC, ARF, ASEAN, C, ADB, APEC, ARF, ASEAN, BIS,
 Brunei Philippines

organization CP, EAS, FAO, G-77, IAEA, CD, CICA (observer), CP, EAS,
participation IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), FAO, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD,
ICRM, IDA, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, ICAO, ICC (national committees),
IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC,
ISO (correspondent), ITSO, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO,
ITU, NAM, OIC, OPCW, UN, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU,
UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIFIL, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs),
UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, MIGA, MINUSTAH, NAM, OAS
WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer), OPCW, PCA, PIF
(partner), UN, UNCTAD,
UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO,
Union Latina, UNMIL,
UNMOGIP, UNOCI, UNWTO,
UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs),
WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Diplomatic chief of mission: Ambassador chief of mission: Ambassador

representation Serbini ALI (since 28 January (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Ad
in the US 2016) interim Patrick A. CHUASOTO
chancery: 3520 International chancery: 1600 Massachusetts
Court NW, Washington, DC Avenue NW, Washington, DC
20008 20036
telephone: [1] (202) 237-1838 telephone: [1] (202) 467-9300
FAX: [1] (202) 885-0560 FAX: [1] (202) 328-7614
consulate(s): New York consulate(s) general: Chicago,
Honolulu, Los Angeles, New Yoek,
Saipan (Northern Mariana Islands),
San Francisco, Tamuning (Guam)

Diplomatic chief of mission: Ambassador chief of mission: Ambassador

representation Craig B. ALLEN (since 9 Sung KIM (since 6 December
from the US March 2015) 2016)
embassy: Simpang 336-52-16- embassy: 1201 Roxas Boulevard,
9, Jalan Datu, Bandar Seri Manila 1000
Begawan, BC4115 mailing address: PSC 500, FPO
mailing address: Unit 4280, AP 96515-1000
Box 40, FPO AP 96507; P.O. telephone: [63] (2) 301-2000
Box 2991, Bandar Seri FAX: [63] (2) 301-2017
Begawan BS8675, Negara
Brunei Darussalam
telephone: [673] 238-4616
FAX: [673] 238-4604
 Brunei Philippines

Flag "yellow with two diagonal two equal horizontal bands of blue
description bands of white (top, almost (top) and red; a white equilateral
double width) and black triangle is based on the hoist side;
starting from the upper hoist the center of the triangle displays a
side; the national emblem in yellow sun with eight primary rays;
red is superimposed at the each corner of the triangle contains
center; yellow is the color of a small, yellow, five-pointed star;
royalty and symbolizes the blue stands for peace and justice,
sultanate; the white and black red symbolizes courage, the white
bands denote Brunei's chief equal-sided triangle represents
ministers; the emblem includes equality; the rays recall the first
five main components: a eight provinces that sought
swallow-tailed flag, the royal independence from Spain, while
umbrella representing the the stars represent the three major
monarchy, the wings of four geographical divisions of the
feathers symbolizing justice, country: Luzon, Visayas, and
tranquility, prosperity, and Mindanao; the design of the flag
peace, the two upraised hands dates to 1897
signifying the government's note: in wartime the flag is flown
pledge to preserve and promote upside down with the red band at
the welfare of the people, and the top
the crescent moon denoting
Islam, the state religion; the
state motto ""Always render
service with God's guidance""
appears in yellow Arabic script
on the crescent; a ribbon below
the crescent reads ""Brunei, the
Abode of Peace""
"

National "name: ""Allah Peliharakan "name: ""Lupang Hinirang""

anthem Sultan"" (God Bless His (Chosen Land)
Majesty) lyrics/music: Jose PALMA
lyrics/music: Pengiran Haji (revised by Felipe PADILLA de
Mohamed YUSUF bin Leon)/Julian FELIPE
Pengiran Abdul Rahim/Awang note: music adopted 1898, original
Haji BESAR bin Sagap Spanish lyrics adopted 1899,
note: adopted 1951 Filipino (Tagalog) lyrics adopted
" 1956; although the original lyrics
were written in Spanish, later
English and Filipino versions were
created; today, only the Filipino
 Brunei Philippines

version is used
"

International has not submitted an ICJ accepts compulsory ICJ

law jurisdiction declaration; non- jurisdiction with reservations;
organization party state to the ICCt accepts ICCt jurisdiction
participation

National royal parasol; national colors: three stars and sun, Philippine
symbol(s) yellow, white, black eagle; national colors: red, white,
blue, yellow

Citizenship citizenship by birth: no citizenship by birth: no

citizenship by descent citizenship by descent only: at
only: the father must be a least one parent must be a citizen
citizen of Brunei of the Philippines
dual citizenship dual citizenship recognized: no
recognized: no residency requirement for
residency requirement for naturalization: 10 years
naturalization: 12 years

Economy
Brunei Philippines

Economy - Brunei is an energy-rich The economy has been relatively

overview sultanate on the northern resilient to global economic shocks
coast of Borneo in due to less exposure to troubled
Southeast Asia. Brunei international securities, lower
boasts a well-educated, dependence on exports, relatively
largely English-speaking resilient domestic consumption, large
population; excellent remittances from about 10 million
infrastructure; and a stable overseas Filipino workers and
government intent on migrants, and a rapidly expanding
attracting foreign outsourcing industry. During 2016 the
investment. Crude oil and current account balance narrowed to
natural gas production its lowest level since the 2008 global
account for approximately financial crisis, but nevertheless
65% of GDP and 95% of mustered a surplus for a fourteenth
exports, with Japan as the consecutive year. International
 Brunei Philippines

primary export market. reserves remain at comfortable levels

and the banking system is stable.
Per capita GDP is among
the highest in the world, Efforts to improve tax administration
and substantial income and expenditures management have
from overseas investment helped ease the Philippines' debt
supplements income from burden and tight fiscal situation. The
domestic hydrocarbon Philippines received investment-grade
production. Bruneian credit ratings on its sovereign debt
citizens do not pay personal under the former AQUINO
income taxes, and the administration and has had little
government provides free difficulty financing its budget deficits.
medical services and free However, weak absorptive capacity
education through the and implementation bottlenecks have
university level. prevented the government from
maximizing its expenditure plans.
The Bruneian Government Although it has improved, the low
wants to diversify its tax-to-GDP ratio remains a constraint
economy away from to supporting increasingly higher
hydrocarbon exports to spending levels and sustaining high
other industries such as and inclusive growth over the longer
information and term.
communications
technology and halal Economic growth has accelerated,
manufacturing. Brunei’s averaging 6.1% per year from 2011 to
trade in 2016 is set to 2016, compared with 4.5% under the
increase following its MACAPAGAL-ARROYO
regional economic government; and competitiveness
integration in the ASEAN rankings have improved. Although
Economic Community, and 2016 saw a record year for net foreign
the expected ratification of direct investment inflows, FDI to the
the Trans-Pacific Philippines has continued to lag
Partnership trade regional peers, in part because the
agreement. Philippine Constitution and other laws
restrict foreign ownership in
important activities/sectors - such as
land ownership and public utilities.

Although the economy grew at a

faster pace under the AQUINO
government, challenges to achieving
more inclusive growth remain. Wealth
is concentrated in the hands of the
rich. The unemployment rate declined
Brunei Philippines

from 7.3% to 5.5% between 2010 and

2016 but the jobs are low paying and
tedious. Underemployment hovers at
around 18% to 19% of the employed.
At least 40% of the employed work in
the informal sector. Poverty afflicts
more than a fifth of the population.
More than 60% of the poor reside in
rural areas, where the incidence of
poverty (about 30%) is more severe -
a challenge to raising rural farm and
non-farm incomes. Continued efforts
are needed to improve governance,
the judicial system, the regulatory
environment, the weak state of
infrastructure, and the overall ease of
doing business.

2016 saw the election of President

Rodrigo DUTERTE, who has pledged
to make inclusive growth and poverty
reduction his top priority. DUTERTE
believes that illegal drug use, crime
and corruption are key barriers to
economic development among the
lower income class. This
administration wants to reduce the
poverty rate to 14% and graduate the
economy to upper-middle income
status by the end of President
DUTERTE’s term in 2022. Key
themes under the government’s Ten-
Point Socioeconomic Agenda include
continuity of macroeconomic policy,
tax reform, higher investments in
infrastructure and human capital
development, and improving
competitiveness and the overall ease
of doing business. The administration
has vowed to address spending
bottlenecks and is pushing for
congressional passage of a
Comprehensive Tax Reform Program
to help finance more aggressive
 Brunei Philippines

infrastructure and social spending,

starting in 2018. The government also
supports relaxing restrictions on
foreign ownership, except for land.

GDP $33.73 billion (2016 est.) $807.1 billion (2016 est.)

(purchasing $33.61 billion (2015 est.) $755 billion (2015 est.)
power parity) $33.79 billion (2014 est.) $711.6 billion (2014 est.)
note: data are in 2016 note: data are in 2016 dollars
dollars

GDP - real 0.4% (2016 est.) 6.9% (2016 est.)

growth rate -0.6% (2015 est.) 6.1% (2015 est.)
-2.3% (2014 est.) 6.1% (2014 est.)

GDP - per $79,700 (2016 est.) $7,700 (2016 est.)

capita (PPP) $80,600 (2015 est.) $7,400 (2015 est.)
$82,000 (2014 est.) $7,100 (2014 est.)
note: data are in 2016 note: data are in 2016 dollars
dollars

GDP - agriculture: 1.1% agriculture: 9.7%

composition by industry: 60.4% industry: 30.8%
sector services: 38.5% (2016 est.) services: 59.5% (2016 est.)

Population NA% 21.6% (2015 est.)

below poverty
line

Household lowest 10%: NA% lowest 10%: 3.2%

income or highest 10%: NA% highest 10%: 29.5% (2015 est.)
consumption by
percentage
share

Inflation rate -0.2% (2016 est.) 1.8% (2016 est.)

(consumer -0.4% (2015 est.) 1.4% (2015 est.)
prices)
 Brunei Philippines

Labor force 203,600 (2014 est.) 43.19 million (2016 est.)

Labor force - by agriculture: 4.2% agriculture: 26.9%

occupation industry: 62.8% industry: 17.5%
services: 33% (2008 est.) services: 55.6% (2016 est.)

Unemployment 6.9% (2014 est.) 5.5% (2016 est.)

rate 9.3% (2011 est.) 6.3% (2015 est.)

Budget revenues: $2.958 billion revenues: $46.2 billion

expenditures: $4.618 expenditures: $53.68 billion (2016
billion (2016 est.) est.)

Industries petroleum, petroleum semiconductors and electronics

refining, liquefied natural assembly, food and beverage
gas, construction, manufacturing, construction,
agriculture, transportation electric/gas/water supply, chemical
products,
radio/television/communications
equipment and apparatus, petroleum
and fuel, textile and garments, non-
metallic minerals, basic metal
industries, transport equipment

Industrial 1% (2016 est.) 8.4% (2016 est.)

production
growth rate

Agriculture - rice, vegetables, fruits; rice, fish, livestock, poultry, bananas,

products chickens, water buffalo, coconut/copra, corn, sugarcane,
cattle, goats, eggs mangoes, pineapple, cassava

Exports $5.315 billion (2016 est.) $43.44 billion (2016 est.)

$7.235 billion (2015 est.) $43.2 billion (2015 est.)

Exports - mineral fuels, organic semiconductors and electronic

commodities chemicals products, machinery and transport
 Brunei Philippines

equipment, wood manufactures,

chemicals, processed food and
beverages, garments, coconut oil,
copper concentrates, seafood,
bananas/fruits

Exports - Japan 36.1%, South Korea Japan 21.1%, US 15%, China 10.9%,
partners 14.9%, Thailand 10.9%, Hong Kong 10.6%, Singapore 6.2%,
India 9.3%, NZ 5.6%, Germany 4.5%, South Korea 4.3%
Australia 5% (2015) (2015)

Imports $3.648 billion (2016 est.) $77.52 billion (2016 est.)

$3.359 billion (2015 est.) $66.51 billion (2015 est.)

Imports - machinery and mechanical electronic products, mineral fuels,

commodities appliance parts, mineral machinery and transport equipment,
fuels, motor vehicles, iron and steel, textile fabrics, grains,
electric machinery chemicals, plastic

Imports - Singapore 27.9%, China China 16.2%, US 10.8%, Japan 9.6%,

partners 25.3%, Malaysia 12.3%, Singapore 7%, South Korea 6.5%,
UK 10.6%, South Korea Thailand 6.4%, Malaysia 4.8%,
4.9% (2015) Indonesia 4.4% (2015)

Debt - external $0 (2014) $77.47 billion (31 December 2016

$0 (2013) est.)
note: public external debt $74.76 billion (31 December 2015
only; private external debt est.)
unavailable

Exchange rates Bruneian dollars (BND) per Philippine pesos (PHP) per US dollar
US dollar - -
1.386 (2016 est.) 47.08 (2016 est.)
1.3749 (2015 est.) 45.503 (2015 est.)
1.3749 (2014 est.) 45.503 (2014 est.)
1.267 (2013 est.) 44.395 (2013 est.)
1.25 (2012 est.) 42.23 (2012 est.)
 Brunei Philippines

Fiscal year 1 April - 31 March calendar year

Current $1.061 billion (2016 est.) $601 million (2016 est.)

Account $2.072 billion (2015 est.) $7.266 billion (2015 est.)
Balance

GDP (official $10.46 billion (2016 est.) $311.7 billion (2016 est.)
exchange rate)

Market value of $NA $290.4 billion (31 December 2016

publicly traded est.)
shares $286.1 billion (31 December 2015
est.)
$318 billion (31 December 2014 est.)

Commercial 5.5% (31 December 2016 4.09% (31 December 2016 est.)
bank prime est.) 4.4% (31 December 2015 est.)
lending rate 5.5% (31 December 2015
est.)

Stock of $6.909 billion (31 $184.9 billion (31 December 2016

domestic credit December 2016 est.) est.)
$5.323 billion (31 $167 billion (31 December 2015 est.)
December 2015 est.)

Stock of narrow $3.467 billion (31 $61.74 billion (31 December 2016
money December 2016 est.) est.)
$3.31 billion (31 December $56.69 billion (31 December 2015
2015 est.) est.)

Stock of broad $10.29 billion (31 $191 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
money December 2016 est.) $179.1 billion (31 December 2015
$10.16 billion (31 est.)
December 2015 est.)

Taxes and other 28.3% of GDP (2016 est.) 14.8% of GDP (2016 est.)
revenues
 Brunei Philippines

Budget surplus -15.9% of GDP (2016 est.) -2.4% of GDP (2016 est.)
(+) or deficit (-)

GDP - household household consumption: 73.6%

composition, by consumption: 21.7% government consumption: 11.1%
end use government investment in fixed capital: 24.6%
consumption: 23.6% investment in inventories: -0.4%
investment in fixed exports of goods and services: 28%
capital: 37.6% imports of goods and services: -
investment in 36.9% (2016 est.)
inventories: 0%
exports of goods and
services: 50.8%
imports of goods and
services: -33.7% (2016
est.)

Gross national 44.2% of GDP (2015 est.) 25.5% of GDP (2016 est.)
saving 55.1% of GDP (2014 est.) 23.4% of GDP (2015 est.)
60.5% of GDP (2013 est.) 24.3% of GDP (2014 est.)

Energy
Brunei Philippines

Electricity - production 4.2 billion kWh (2014 est.) 90.8 billion kWh (2016 est.)

Electricity - consumption 3.766 billion kWh (2014 74.15 billion kWh (2016 est.)
est.)

Electricity - exports 0 kWh (2014 est.) 0 kWh (2016 est.)

Electricity - imports 0 kWh (2014 est.) 0 kWh (2016 est.)

Oil - production 115,300 bbl/day (2015 5,502 bbl/day (2016 est.)

est.)
 Brunei Philippines

Oil - imports 0 bbl/day (2014 est.) 215,800 bbl/day (2016 est.)

Oil - exports 117,600 bbl/day (2014 4,942 bbl/day (2016 est.)

est.)

Oil - proved reserves 1.1 billion bbl (1 January 100 million bbl (1 January
2016 est.) 2016 est.)

Natural gas - proved 390.8 billion cu m (1 98.54 billion cu m (1 January

reserves January 2016 es) 2016 es)

Natural gas - production 10.7 billion cu m (2014 3.979 billion cu m (2016 est.)
est.)

Natural gas - 2.4 billion cu m (2014 3.827 billion cu m (2016 est.)

consumption est.)

Natural gas - exports 8.3 billion cu m (2014 0 cu m (2016 est.)

est.)

Natural gas - imports 0 cu m (2014 est.) 0 cu m (2016 est.)

Electricity - installed 777,000 kW (2014 est.) 21.42 million kW (2016 est.)

generating capacity

Electricity - from fossil 100% of total installed 67.5% of total installed

fuels capacity (2014 est.) capacity (2016 est.)

Electricity - from 0% of total installed 16.9% of total installed

hydroelectric plants capacity (2014 est.) capacity (2016 est.)

Electricity - from nuclear 0% of total installed 0% of total installed capacity

fuels capacity (2014 est.) (2016 est.)
 Brunei Philippines

Electricity - from other 0% of total installed 15.6% of total installed

renewable sources capacity (2014 est.) capacity (2016 est.)

Refined petroleum 10,910 bbl/day (2013 est.) 1.373 million bbl/day (2014
products - production est.)

Refined petroleum 18,000 bbl/day (2014 est.) 329,000 bbl/day (2014 est.)
products - consumption

Refined petroleum 189 bbl/day (2013 est.) 219,800 bbl/day (2014 est.)
products - exports

Refined petroleum 6,099 bbl/day (2013 est.) 1.577 million bbl/day (2014
products - imports est.)

Carbon dioxide emissions 8.4 million Mt (2013 est.) 88 million Mt (2013 est.)
from consumption of
energy

Electricity access population without population without

electricity: 104,788 electricity: 20,600,000
electrification - total electrification - total
population: 76% population: 88%
electrification - urban electrification - urban
areas: 79% areas: 94%
electrification - rural electrification - rural
areas: 67% (2012) areas: 82% (2013)

Telecommunications
Brunei Philippines

Telephones total subscriptions: 38,384 total subscriptions: 3.039 million

- main lines subscriptions per 100 subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 3
in use inhabitants: 9 (July 2015 est.) (July 2015 est.)
 Brunei Philippines

Telephones total: 463,000 total: 120.255 million

- mobile subscriptions per 100 subscriptions per 100
cellular inhabitants: 108 (July 2015 inhabitants: 119 (July 2015 est.)
est.)

Telephone general assessment: service general assessment: good

system throughout the country is international radiotelephone and
good; international service is submarine cable services; domestic
good to Southeast Asia, Middle and interisland service adequate
East, Western Europe, and the domestic: telecommunications
US infrastructure includes the following
domestic: every service platforms: fixed line, mobile cellular,
available cable TV, over-the-air TV, radio and
international: country code - Very Small Aperture Terminal (VSAT),
673; landing point for the fiber-optic cable, and satellite for
SEA-ME-WE-3 optical redundant international connectivity
telecommunications submarine international: country code - 63; a
cable that provides links to series of submarine cables together
Asia, the Middle East, and provide connectivity to the US, and to
Europe; the Asia-America countries like Hong Kong, Guam,
Gateway submarine cable Singapore, Taiwan, Japan, Brunei, and
network provides new links to Malaysia, among others; multiple
Asia and the US; satellite earth international gateways (2016)
stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian
Ocean and 1 Pacific Ocean)
(2015)

Internet .bn .ph

country
code

Internet total: 306,000 total: 41.106 million

users percent of population: 71.2% percent of population: 40.7% (July
(July 2015 est.) 2015 est.)

Broadcast state-controlled Radio multiple national private TV and radio

media Television Brunei (RTB) networks; multi-channel satellite and
operates 5 channels; 3 cable TV systems available; more than
Malaysian TV stations are 400 TV stations; about 1,500 cable TV
available; foreign TV providers with more than 2 million
 Brunei Philippines

broadcasts are available via subscribers, and some 1,400 radio

satellite systems; RTB operates stations; the Philippines adopted
5 radio networks and Japan’s Integrated Service Digital
broadcasts on multiple Broadcast – Terrestrial standard for
frequencies; British Forces digital terrestrial television in
Broadcast Service (BFBS) November 2013 and is scheduled to
provides radio broadcasts on 2 complete the switch from analog to
FM stations; some radio digital broadcasting by the end of 2023
broadcast stations from (2016)
Malaysia are available via
repeaters (2017)

Transportation
Brunei Philippines

Roadways total: 3,029 km total: 216,387 km

paved: 2,425 km paved: 61,093 km
unpaved: 604 km (2010) unpaved: 155,294 km (2014)

Waterways 209 km (navigable by craft 3,219 km (limited to vessels with draft

drawing less than 1.2 m; the less than 1.5 m) (2011)
Belait, Brunei, and Tutong
rivers are major transport
links) (2012)

Pipelines condensate 33 km; gas 530 km (2014); oil 138 km; refined
condensate/gas 86 km; gas products 185 km (2013)
628 km; oil 492 km (2013)

Ports and major seaport(s): Muara major seaport(s): Batangas, Cagayan

terminals oil terminal(s): Lumut, Seria de Oro, Cebu, Davao, Liman, Manila
LNG terminal(s) container port(s) (TEUs): Manila
(export): Lumut (3,342,200)

Merchant total: 9 total: 446

marine by type: chemical tanker 1, by type: bulk carrier 76, cargo 152,
liquefied gas 8 carrier 12, chemical tanker 27,
foreign-owned: 2 (UK 2) container 17, liquefied gas 5, passenger
 Brunei Philippines

(2010) 7, passenger/cargo 65, petroleum

tanker 44, refrigerated cargo 20, roll
on/roll off 11, vehicle carrier 10
foreign-owned: 159 (Bermuda 47,
China 4, Denmark 2, Germany 2,
Greece 5, Japan 77, Malaysia 1,
Netherlands 17, Singapore 1, South
Korea 1, Taiwan 1, UAE 1)
registered in other countries: 7
(Cyprus 1, Panama 5, unknown 1)
(2010)

Airports 1 (2013) 247 (2013)

Airports - total: 1 total: 89

with paved over 3,047 m: 1 (2013) over 3,047 m: 4
runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 8
1,524 to 2,437 m: 33
914 to 1,523 m: 34
under 914 m: 10 (2013)

Heliports 3 (2013) 2 (2013)

Military
Brunei Philippines

Military Royal Brunei Armed Armed Forces of the Philippines

branches Forces: Royal Brunei Land (AFP): Army, Navy (includes Marine
Forces, Royal Brunei Navy, Corps), Air Force (2013)
Royal Brunei Air Force
(Tentera Udara Diraja
Brunei) (2013)

Military 17 years of age for 17-23 years of age (officers 20-24) for
service age and voluntary military service; voluntary military service; no
obligation non-Malays are ineligible conscription; applicants must be single
to serve; recruits from the male or female Philippine citizens
army, navy, and air force all with either 72 college credit hours
 Brunei Philippines

undergo 43-week initial (enlisted) or a baccalaureate degree

training (2013) (officers) (2013)

Military 3.28% of GDP (2015) 1.32% of GDP (2015)

expenditures - 3.08% of GDP (2014) 1.09% of GDP (2014)
percent of GDP 2.28% of GDP (2013) 1.24% of GDP (2013)
2.16% of GDP (2012) 1.16% of GDP (2012)
2.24% of GDP (2011) 1.21% of GDP (2011)

Transnational Issues
Brunei Philippines

Disputes - per Letters of Exchange signed "Philippines claims sovereignty

international in 2009, Malaysia in 2010 ceded over Scarborough Reef (also
two hydrocarbon concession claimed by China together with
blocks to Brunei in exchange for Taiwan) and over certain of the
Brunei's sultan dropping claims Spratly Islands, known locally as
to the Limbang corridor, which the Kalayaan (Freedom) Islands,
divides Brunei; nonetheless, also claimed by China, Malaysia,
Brunei claims a maritime Taiwan, and Vietnam; the 2002
boundary extending as far as a ""Declaration on the Conduct of
median with Vietnam, thus Parties in the South China Sea,""
asserting an implicit claim to has eased tensions in the Spratly
Louisa Reef Islands but falls short of a legally
binding ""code of conduct""
desired by several of the
disputants; in March 2005, the
national oil companies of China,
the Philippines, and Vietnam
signed a joint accord to conduct
marine seismic activities in the
Spratly Islands; Philippines retains
a dormant claim to Malaysia's
Sabah State in northern Borneo
based on the Sultanate of Sulu's
granting the Philippines
Government power of attorney to
pursue a sovereignty claim on his
behalf; maritime delimitation
negotiations continue with Palau
 Brunei Philippines

"

Illicit drugs drug trafficking and illegally domestic methamphetamine

importing controlled substances production has been a growing
are serious offenses in Brunei problem in recent years despite
and carry a mandatory death government crackdowns; major
penalty consumer of amphetamines;
longstanding marijuana producer
mainly in rural areas where
Manila's control is limited

Refugees and stateless persons: 20,524 IDPs: 87,000 (government troops

internally (2016); note - thousands of fighting the Moro Islamic
displaced stateless persons, often ethnic Liberation Front, the Abu Sayyaf
persons Chinese, are permanent residents Group, and the New People's
and their families have lived in Army; clan feuds; natural
Brunei for generations; obtaining disasters) (2016)
citizenship is difficult and stateless persons: 4,636 (2016);
requires individuals to pass note - stateless persons are
rigorous tests on Malay culture, descendants of Indonesian
customs, and language; stateless migrants
residents receive an International
Certificate of Identity, which
enables them to travel overseas;
the government is considering
changing the law prohibiting
non-Bruneians, including
stateless permanent residents,
from owning land

Source: CIA Factbook