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    Heat Setting

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    Sajib Iglesias
    Heat setting is a thermal treatment process used to impart properties like shape retention, crease resistance and elasticity to fibers. It involves heating fibers above their glass transition temperature to allow molecular chains to relax into a new stress-free configuration, followed by cooling to fix the new structure. The main objectives are to homogenize the fiber structure and eliminate internal tensions, reducing shrinkage and improving dimensional stability. Heat setting can be done temporarily, semi-permanently or permanently depending on how much the new structure is retained after treatment. Common fibers like polyester and nylon are heat set between 170-210°C for 15-50 seconds.

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    Heat Setting

    Uploaded by

    Sajib Iglesias
    931 views17 pages
    Heat setting is a thermal treatment process used to impart properties like shape retention, crease resistance and elasticity to fibers. It involves heating fibers above their glass transition temperature to allow molecular chains to relax into a new stress-free configuration, followed by cooling to fix the new structure. The main objectives are to homogenize the fiber structure and eliminate internal tensions, reducing shrinkage and improving dimensional stability. Heat setting can be done temporarily, semi-permanently or permanently depending on how much the new structure is retained after treatment. Common fibers like polyester and nylon are heat set between 170-210°C for 15-50 seconds.

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    Heat Setting of Textile Fibres

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    Heat setting is a thermal treatment process used to impart properties like shape retention, crease resistance and elasticity to fibers. It involves heating fibers above their glass transition temperature to allow molecular chains to relax into a new stress-free configuration, followed by cooling to fix the new structure. The main objectives are to homogenize the fiber structure and eliminate internal tensions, reducing shrinkage and improving dimensional stability. Heat setting can be done temporarily, semi-permanently or permanently depending on how much the new structure is retained after treatment. Common fibers like polyester and nylon are heat set between 170-210°C for 15-50 seconds.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pdf or txt
    931 views17 pages

    Heat Setting

    Uploaded by

    Sajib Iglesias
    Heat setting is a thermal treatment process used to impart properties like shape retention, crease resistance and elasticity to fibers. It involves heating fibers above their glass transition temperature to allow molecular chains to relax into a new stress-free configuration, followed by cooling to fix the new structure. The main objectives are to homogenize the fiber structure and eliminate internal tensions, reducing shrinkage and improving dimensional stability. Heat setting can be done temporarily, semi-permanently or permanently depending on how much the new structure is retained after treatment. Common fibers like polyester and nylon are heat set between 170-210°C for 15-50 seconds.

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    INTRODUCTION TO HEAT SETTING

     Heat setting is carried out to bring the material to it’s thermal


    equilibrium the material wouldn’t changes it’s morphology
    it’s kept at that temperature for a long.

     Heat setting is also known as ANNEALING.

     The degree of set, a term often used to describe the extent


    of heat setting is the measure of how close the material has
    moved to a thermal equilibrium. A 100% set material is
    considered to be at its thermal equilibrium at a given
    temperature.
    Mechanism of Heat Setting
    • The setting temperature used is
    above Tg. In heat setting, inter-chain
    bonds, such as hydrogen and dipole
    bonds, break. This allows the
    molecular chains to move and adopt
    new, stress-free positions. New
    intermolecular bonds then form with
    the fabric in a relaxed condition at
    the setting temperature. After
    cooling, the polymer molecules in
    the filaments become frozen in
    place. The new bonds are stable up
    to the heat setting temperature. The
    reorganized internal polymer
    structure, and the material’s
    dimensions, will be stable.
    Objectives
    The objectives of heat setting processes include
    structure homogenization and the elimination of
    internal tensions within the fibre resulting in reduced
    shrinkage, improved dimensional stability, reduced
    creasing propensity and reduced edge-curl in woven
    and knitted fabrics. To this extent, the process may be
    better described as thermal relaxation. Heat setting
    changes not only the mechanical, but also the dyeing
    properties of man-made fibres. The principle is based
    on heating the fibre within a fibre-specific temperature
    range which is limited at the upper end by the melting
    point (softening range) and the respective glass transition
    temperature (necessary to break the secondary
    bonds) at the lower end.
    WHY HEAT SETTING IS DONE ….?
    Heat setting is a heat treatment by which shape retention,
    crease resistance & elasticity are imparted to the fibres.

    It also brings changes in strength, stretchability, softness,


    dyeability & sometimes on the colour of the material.

    All these changes are connected with the structural &


    chemical modifications occurring in the fibres.
    TYPES OF HEAT SETTING

    Heat setting

    Temporary Semi- Permanent


    permanent
    heat setting heat setting heat setting
    TEMPORARY HEAT SETTING-

    This type of heat


    setting is destroyed by
    regular use of material.
    For ex:- A steam
    pressed cotton textiles.
    SEMI-PERMANENT HEAT SETTING-

    In this type of heat


    setting material is raised
    above their glass
    transition temperature &
    then set into a new form.
    This type of set is
    maintain in normal use
    of material however the
    setting is lost when the
    material is subjected to
    severe condition of use.
    For ex:- hot washing or
    steaming of material above
    Tg.
    PERMANENT HEAT SETTING
    • This type of heat
    setting involves
    change of internal
    morphology of the
    material in such a
    way that it would not
    revers till the
    material is destroyed
    by taking it above it’s
    melting point.
    Heat Set Temperature of some Fibres
    Fibre Min T. °C Max. T. °C Time (in seconds)

    Polyester (PE) 170 210 15-50

    Polyamide PA 6.6 170 210 15-40

    Polyamide PA 6 160 180 15-40

    Triacetate 160 180 15-40

    Acrylic (PAC) 160 180-200 15-40

    Elastomers 170 180-200 15-40


    Stages of heat setting
    Heat setting can be carried out at three different stages:

    • In grey condition

    • After scouring

    • After dyeing
    Heat setting at grey stage
    • If heat setting is carried out in loom state, mineral oils and
    non-ionic emulsifiers can modify the fiber.

    • Structure and rubbing and perspiration fastness may be


    reduced due to the solubility of disperse dye in the coning oil.

    • However, grey heat setting is useful in warp knitting industry


    as in that material carry less amount of lubricants.

    • Yellow color due to heat setting can be removed by bleaching.

    • Fabric is less sensitive to crease formation in next processes.


    Heat setting after scouring
    Heat setting is done after scouring if it is suspected that:

    • goods will shrink .

    • Cloth has developed stretch or other properties after scouring.


    Heat setting after dyeing
    These fabric shows considerable resistance to stripping compared
    with dyeing on unset fabric.

    Disadvantage of this are:

    • Yellow color developed can not b removed.

    • Handle of cloth may get altered.

    • Risk of color to get fade.


    Mechanism used for Heat Setting
    Machines used: Stenters.
     Fluctuating temperatures inside the stenter cause a consistent variation of
    crystallinity in the fibre structure, which leads to different affinity for dyes.

     The moisture in the fibre produces soft hand, but variable moisture
    percentages in the different fabric sections create the above mentioned defect
    (variable crystallinity).

     Too low temperatures do not allow a good setting while too high
    temperatures and too long

     setting times cause yellowing (PA and elastic fibres), stiff hand (acrylics), and
    loss of elasticity (elastic fibres).
    References

    • Book- VB Gupta & VK Kothari.

    • http://www.slideshare.net/sheshir/heat-
    setting?qid=51840e8d-4fdc-4c2f-a012-
    753c10478363&v=&b=&from_search=1

    • file:///D:/Forms,%20Results%20&%20docs/SEMINAR/NPTEL
    %20__%20Textile%20Engineering%20-
    %20Textile%20chemical%20Processing_%20Theory%20and
    %20practice%20of%20Preparatory%20Processes.html
    • Encyclopedia of textile finishing.
    ThankYou!

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