Names of characters or places found in the sources used, corresponding or

functionally equivalent to those found in the Vālmīki Rāmāyaṇa (non-Sanskrit

diacritics and trivial variants of spelling omitted).
Pairs of characters, such as Dundubhi and Māyāvin, Khara and Dūṣaṇa, Lava and Kuśa, or
Sugrīva and Vālin, have their names reversed in some texts, or are amalgamated into one
composite character.

AGASTYA
Thai, Rāmakien ? Akkot

AHALYĀ
Jain Ahilyā
Javanese, Serat Kanda Rontah
Khmer, Trai Bhet Ajatadevi
Lao, Lafont 2003 Khai Ap
Lao, Vo 1971 Nang Khay
Malay, HSR Dewi Indra
Mon, Loik Samoing Ram Ganga Devi
Thai, Rāmakien Kala Adjana, Nang Ajna

AIRĀVATA
Thai, Rāmakien Erawan

AJA
Thai, Rāmakien Atchaban

AKṢA
Khmer: Ramakerti I Sahasakumar

AṂŚUMĀN
Purāṇas Asamañjasa, Pañcajana, Samañja

AṄGADA
Jain Candrarāśi [or Aṅgada’s brother]
Khmer, Trai Bhet Angat
Lao, Lafont 2003 Ongkhoth
Mon, Loik Samoing Ram Ongkhot
Myanmar, Rama Thagyin Aunggut
Myanmar, Rama Vatthu Ongkwat
Thai, Rāmakien Ongkot, Paya Intranupap

AÑJANĪ/Ā / HANUMĀN’S MOTHER

Khmer, Trai Bhet Pucan / Puracand
Lao, Lafont 2003 Metho
Lao, Lafont 2003 Ling Lom
Lao, Vo 1971 Nang Phengsi
Mon, Loik Samoing Ram Swaha
Myanmar, Rama Vatthu Shilepa
Philippines Potre Langawi, Queen of the East
Thai, Rāmakien Sawaha
ARJUNA SAHASRABĀHU / KĀRTAVĪRYA
Jain Sahasrakiraṇa, Sahasrāraśmi, Sahasrāṅśu
Javanese, Serat Kanda Sasraboja

ARVINDA
Thai, Rāmakien Paowanasoon

AYODHYĀ
Annamite Ho-ton-tinh
Malay, HSR Mandura puri negara
Mon, Loik Samoing Ram Dwawati
Philippines Agama Niog
Old Sundanese Lengkawati
Old Sundanese Pancawati (Rāma’s palace)
Thai, Rāmakien Ayutaya

AYOMUKHĪ
Purāṇas Atsamukhī

BHARATA
Central Asia Bhīmasena, P’o-lo-t’o
Khmer, Ramakerti I Bhirut
Khmer, Ramakerti II Bhirut
Khmer, Trai Bhet Bhīrutth
Lao, Lafont 2003 Pharatta
Lao, Vo 1971 Phra Phot
Malay, HMR Bardan
Malay, HSR Baradan / Berdana
Mon, Loik Samoing Ram Ratta Kumma
Myanmar, Rama Thagyin Bhadra
oral, Taylor 1895-96 Bhurat
Thai, Rāmakien Prot
Yunnan, Lanka Xihe Palada

BRAHMĀ
Thai, Rāmakien Bodee Prohm
Yunnan, Lanka Xihe Maha Peng

CITRAKŪṬA
Thai, Rāmakien Satakut

CITRAVATĪ
Javanese, Serat Kanda Setyawati

CRAB
Myanmar, Rama Thagyin Gandama

CROW
Classical Sanskrit Dharadhara
Khmer: Ramakerti I Kakanasur

2
Malay, HSR Gagak swara [ancestor of Rāvaṇa]
Gagak sura [defiles Janaka’s tank]
Myanmar, Rama Thagyin Kakawun
Myanmar, Rama Vatthu Kakavanna

DAŚARATHA
Central Asia Che-cho, ’Da’sarite
Karbi tradition (Ghosh 2002)
Dahram
Karbi tradition (Singh and Datta 1993)
Bamonpo
Lao, Lafont 2003 Thataratha
Lao, Vo 1971 Thosarot
Mon, Loik Samoing Ram Tossarotta
oral, Taylor 1895-96 Jesrat
Philippines Sultan of Agama Niog
Phrommacak (non-Thai vernacular)
Phrommathat (former Brahmadatta)
Thai, Rāmakien Totsarot
Yunnan, Lanka Xihe Tadalata

DAŚARATHA’S DAUGHTER
Classical Sanskrit Śāntā
Malay, HSR Kikewi Dewi
Purāṇas Kikewi, Śāntā

DAŚARATHA’S 4TH WIFE

Jain Suprabhā, Suprajā
Purāṇas Suveṣā

DUNDUBHI/MĀYAVIN
Javanese, Serat Kanda Mahesasura / Jatasura
Khmer: Ramakerti I Dubhi
Lao, Vo 1971 Thorapi
Malay, HMR Ahmak
Thai, Rāmakien Torapee

DUNDUBHI’S father
Lao, Lafont 2003 Khao Seng
Thai, Rāmakien Torapa

DŪṢAṆA see also Khara + Dūṣaṇa (composite character)

Khmer: Ramakerti I Dus
Lao, Lafont 2003 Khita
Myanmar, Rama Thagyin Dutha
Myanmar, Rama Vatthu Tusara
Thai, Rāmakien Toot
Yunnan, Lanka Xihe Dulasha

DVIVIDA
Khmer: Ramakerti I Bibidh

3
EARTH
Purāṇas Pṛthvī
Lao, Lafont 2003 Nang Thorani
Myanmar, Rama Vatthu Bhummazo

angel GABRIEL
Philippines Diabarail

GAṆEŚA
Khmer: Ramakerti I Bhaganes
Purāṇas Heramba

GARUḌA
Khmer: Ramakerti I Grud
Thai, Rāmakien Krut

GAUTAMA
Jain Anandamalin
Khmer, Trai Bhet Bejabuhu
Lao, Vo 1971 Ta Pha Kao
Malay, HSR Kutama
Thai, Rāmakien Kodom

GUHA
Khmer: Ramakerti I Kukhan
Malay, HSR Kikukan
Thai, Rāmakien Khukhan

HANUMĀN
Central Asia Hanumanta
Jain Aṇumān, Śrīśaila
Javanese, Serat Kanda Anoman
Karbi tradition (Ghosh 2002)
Ulyman
Karbi tradition (Singh and Datta 1993)
Holi
Khmer, Ramakerti II Bana Anujit
Khmer, Trai Bhet Huluhman
Lao, Lafont 2003 Anumone, Khun Ling, Horamane
Mizo tradition (Ghosh 2002; Singh and Datta 1993)
Hawlawman
Philippines Laksamana
Phrommacak (non-Thai vernacular)
Horaman
Thai, Rāmakien Anuchit

ILA/ILĀ
Assamese Sudumna

INDRA

4
Khmer, Ramakerti II Kosiy
Lao, Lafont 2003 Phaya In

INDRAJIT / MEGHANĀDA
Jain Śakrajit/Meghavāhana
Lao, Lafont 2003 Intha Sita/Mekha Kummane
Malay, HSR Inderajata
Mon, Loik Samoing Ram Einda Reje
Myanmar, Rama Thagyin Indazita
Myanmar, Rama Vatthu Indacitta
Old Sundanese Megananda
Thai, Rāmakien Intorachit/Ronapak
Yunnan, Lanka Xihe Yindaxida

JĀMBAVĀN
Central Asia Pagsu, Phagsu
Khmer: Ramakerti I Jambuban (astrologer)
Khmer: Ramakerti I Jibadvar (elderly ape-leader)
Khmer: Ramakerti I Mahajambu (sometimes confounded with previous)
Jain Jambunada
Lao, Lafont 2003 ? Mo Mi, Khon Mi
Malay, HSR Samburana
Mizo tradition (Singh and Datta 1993)
Vawmnuman
Myanmar, Rama Thagyin Zabuman
Myanmar, Rama Vatthu Campuman
Thai, Rāmakien Chompoo

JANAKA
Classical Sanskrit Sīradhvaja
Karbi tradition (Singh and Datta 1993)
Kanakpo
Khmer, Trai Bhet Mithalah
Lao, Lafont 2003 Ekkarat
Malay, HMR Maharaja Kala Rishi
Malay, HSR Maharisi Kali
Philippines Sultan of Pulu Nabandai
Purāṇas Sīradhvaja, Sīraketu
Thai, Rāmakien Chanok

JANAKA’S WIFE
Malay, HSR Putri Minuram

JANASTHĀNA
Myanmar, Rama Vatthu Samputtarana
Thai, Rāmakien Romakan

JAṬĀYUS
Central Asia Aga’dza’ya
Malay, HMR Jentayu
Malay, HSR Jentayu

5
Thai, Rāmakien Sadayu

KABANDHA
Old Javanese, Kakawin Dīrghabāhu
Thai, Rāmakien Kumpon

KAIKEYĪ
Khmer: Ramakerti I Kaikesi
Khmer, Trai Bhet Keykiraniy
Lao, Lafont 2003 Kesy
Lao, Vo 1971 Keykesy
Malay, HMR Retna Dewi
Malay, HSR Balya dari
Mon, Loik Samoing Ram Ruppa Devi
Myanmar, Rama Thagyin Kaike
Myanmar, Rama Vatthu Koke
oral, Taylor 1895-96 Kakahi
Purāṇas Surūpā
Thai, Rāmakien Kaiyakesi
Yunnan, Lanka Xihe Nang Jiexi

KAIKEYĪ’S father
Myanmar, Rama Vatthu Kokaraja

KAILĀSA
Central Asia Tise
Khmer, Trai Bhet Keyalas
Myanmar, Rama Vatthu Kelasapa
Thai, Rāmakien Krailat

KAUSALYĀ
Jain Aparājitā, Subalā, Sukośalā
Khmer: Ramakerti I Kokalya
Khmer, Trai Bhet Kesiy Suraya
Lao, Lafont 2003 Kusun
Lao, Finot 1917 Kosaya
Mon, Loik Samoing Ram Canda Devi
Myanmar, Rama Thagyin Kothalla
Phrommacak (non-Thai vernacular)
Kancana Devi
Thai, Rāmakien Kaosuriya
Yunnan, Lanka Xihe Nang Sugandi

KEKASĪ
Classical Sanskrit Naikaṣī
Purāṇas Kaikasī
Myanmar, Rama Thagyin Niyakkhama
Myanmar, Rama Vatthu Gunti
Yunnan, Lanka Xihe Guditila

KHARA

6
Lao, Lafont 2003 Haksa
Myanmar, Rama Vatthu Kharu
Thai, Rāmakien Khorn
Yunnan, Lanka Xihe Xieda

KHARA + DŪṢAṆA composite character

Jain Kharadūṣaṇa
Purāṇas Kharadūṣaṇa
Thai, Rāmakien Tutkhorn

KIṢKINDHĀ
Javanese, Serat Kanda Ragastina
Javanese, Serat Kanda Kiskenda (cave where buffalo monsters killed)
Khmer: Ramakerti I Khas Khin
Khmer, Trai Bhet Khasakhin
Lao, Lafont 2003 Kissa
Malay, HMR Ligur
Malay, HSR Lagur Katagina
Myanmar, Rama Vatthu Kisakinta
Thai, Rāmakien Kheet Khin

KUBERA / VAIŚRAVAṆA
Jain Vaiśramaṇa
Thai, Rāmakien Kuperan

KUMBHA
Myanmar, Rama Vatthu Gumbha

KUMBHAKARṆA
Central Asia Bumrna
Jain Bhānukarṇa
Khmer, Trai Bhet Kambhakay
Lao, Lafont 2003 Khonnapa
Myanmar, Rama Thagyin Kumbikanna
Myanmar, Rama Vatthu Gumbhakanna
Purāṇas Kumbhasrotra
Thai, Rāmakien Kupakan, Kumpakarn

KUŚA
Jain Aṅkuśa
Khmer, Ramakerti II Japalaks
Lao, Lafont 2003 Sengvath
Lao, Vo 1971 Mongkout
Malay, HSR Kusi
Mon, Loik Samoing Ram Ni Choa
Old Sundanese Puspalawa
Thai, Rāmakien Mongkut

KUŚADHVAJA [brother of Janaka]

Jain Kanaka

7
LAKṢMAṆA
Central Asia Lagsana, Lo-man
Jain also Vāsudeva
Javanese, Serat Kanda Murdaka, Lesmana
Karbi tradition (Ghosh 2002)
Khanbeni
Khmer: Ramakerti I Laks
Khmer, Ramakerti II Laks
Lao, Lafont 2003 Lakkana
Mizo tradition (Ghosh 2002; Singh and Datta 1993)
Khena
Mon, Loik Samoing Ram Lekkhana
Myanmar, Rama Vatthu Lakkhana
Philippines Mangawarna
Myanmar, Rama Thagyin Lakkhana
Phrommacak (non-Thai vernacular)
Lammacak
Thai, Rāmakien Lak
Yunnan, Lanka Xihe Lagana

LAKṢMĪ/ŚRĪ
Mon, Loik Samoing Ram Wunjeta

LAṄKĀ
Annamite Dieu-nghiem
Javanese, Serat Kanda Ngalenka
Myanmar, Rama Vatthu Theinko
Philippines Pulu Bandiarmasir
Old Sundanese Lengkapura
Thai, Rāmakien Rang Ka (island)
Thai, Rāmakien Longka (city)

LAVA
Central Asia Laba
Jain Lavaṇa
Javanese, Serat Kanda Butlava
Khmer, Ramakerti II Ramalaks
Lao, Lafont 2003 Loma
Lao, Vo 1971 Phra Lop
Malay, HMR Janggapulawa
Malay, HSR Tilawi (Roorda ms), Tabalawi (Shellabear ms)
Mon, Loik Samoing Ram Ni Kwe
Myanmar, Rama Vatthu Lona
Old Sundanese Bujanggalawa
Thai, Rāmakien Lop
Yunnan, Lanka Xihe Luoma

LAVA-KUŚA
Karbi tradition (Ghosh 2002)
Las-Keho

8
LICCHAVI WASHERMAN
Central Asia Litsabyid Drimadagpa

MAHĪRĀVAṆA
Lao, Lafont 2003 Vaï Yalap
Malay, HSR Patala Maharayan/Patala Maharaban
Mizo tradition (Singh and Datta 1993)
Luphirabon
Thai, Rāmakien Maiyarap

MAKARĀKṢA
Thai, Rāmakien Mangkonkan

MĀLIN
Purāṇas Mālāḍhya

MĀLYAVĀN
Khmer, Trai Bhet Maliband
Myanmar, Rama Vatthu Irannagashipu (Hiraṇyakaśipu)
Purāṇas Mālikāḍhya
Thai, Rāmakien Maliwan, Malivagga, Malivaraj
Yunnan, Lanka Xihe Ba Lanba [maternal grandfather of Rāvaṇa]

MANDODARĪ [wife of Rāvaṇa]

Jain Maṃdoyari
Javanese, Serat Kanda Bandondari-klalar
Karbi tradition (Singh and Datta 1993)
Bondodory
Khmer: Ramakerti I Mandogiri
Khmer, Trai Bhet Mandordeviy
Lao, Lafont 2003 Mantaly
Malay, HMR Bandudari / Mandudaki
Malay, HSR Mandudaki
Mon, Loik Samoing Ram Paddama Devi
Myanmar, Rama Vatthu Mantotri
Old Sundanese Manondari
Thai, Rāmakien Monto

MANDODARĪ [wife of Daśaratha]

Javanese, Serat Kanda Bandondari, Rago
Javanese, Serat Kanda Balya daru (Rāma’s mother)
Malay, HSR Mandudari

MAṆIMEKHALĀ
Myanmar, Rama Vatthu Manimeghara

MANTHARĀ
Lao, Lafont 2003 Thasy
Myanmar, Rama Vatthu Kuppaci
Thai, Rāmakien Kudjee

9
MANU
Thai, Rāmakien Anomatan

MĀRĪCA
Central Asia Marutse
Jain Mārīyau
Khmer, Trai Bhet Maha Rīk
Thai, Rāmakien Mareet

MATAṄGA
Khmer: Ramakerti I Vissatam

MAYA
Jain Mau

MERU
Thai, Rāmakien Sumen

MITHILĀ
Lao, Lafont 2003 Kannaka
Malay, HSR Durwati purwa

NALA
Central Asia ? Damsi, Dan’du or Maku, Makhu

NANDI
Thai, Rāmakien Usuparat

NANDIGRĀMA
Myanmar, Rama Vatthu Kirinamana

NANDĪŚVARA
Thai, Rāmakien Śiva’s 2 servants: Nontok (reborn as Rāvaṇa)
and Nontakarn (reborn as Dundubhi’s father)
Khmer, Trai Bhet Arinda (Śiva’s doorkeeper)

NĀRADA
Thai, Rāmakien Narot

NARATAK
Khmer: Ramakerti I Narantaka

NĀRĀYAṆA
Central Asia Na-lo-yen

NIKUMBHA
Myanmar, Rama Vatthu Gumbhani

PARAŚURĀMA
Karbi tradition (Ghosh 2002)
Barpusam

10
Karbi tradition (Singh and Datta 1993)
Bongpou Kathar
Khmer: Ramakerti I Ramaparamasu
Khmer, Trai Bhet Ramaparamiysur
Malay, HSR Puspa Rama
Myanmar, Rama Vatthu Passurama
Thai, Rāmakien Ramasoon

PĀTĀLA
Thai, Rāmakien Badan

PUṢPAKA
Jain pupphau
Thai, Rāmakien Butsabok Kaeo
Yunnan, Lanka Xihe Fusaledi

RĀKṢASA yak

RĀMA
frequently Naray
Annamite Chung Tu
Central Asia Lo-mo, Ramana
Jain Baladeva, Padma
Javanese, Serat Kanda Bergawa, Rāma
Lao, Lafont 2003 Lamma
Lao, Vo 1971 Phra Lam
Myanmar, Rama Thagyin Yama
Philippines Mangandiri
Phrommacak (non-Thai vernacular)
Phrommacak (former Brahmacakra)
Purāṇas Rāmacandra
Yunnan, Lanka Xihe Zhao Langma

RAMBHĀ
Jain Uparambhā

RĀVAṆA
Annamite Trang-minh
Central Asia ’Da’sagriba, mDa’sagriba
Jain Dahamuhu, Dahavayaṇu, Daśakandhara, Daśānana, Rāmaṇa
Javanese, Serat Kanda Dasamuka, Rahwana
Khmer: Ramakerti I Rab, Rabana, Dasakanth
Khmer, Ramakerti II Dasabhaktr, Dasamukh, Rab
Khmer, Trai Bhet Dasamukh
Lao, Lafont 2003 Phommachak
Lao, Vo 1971 Thotsakan
Mizo tradition (Ghosh 2002; Singh and Datta 1993)
Lusariha
Mon, Loik Samoing Ram Totsagri
Myanmar, Rama Vatthu Dasagiri, Ramana
Philippines Lawana

11
Phrommacak (non-Thai vernacular)
Wiroharaja
Thai, Rāmakien Totsakan
Yunnan, Lanka Xihe Pengmajia [‘son of Brahmā’]

RĀVAṆA’S posthumous son

Old Sundanese Manabaya
Thai, Rāmakien Paina Suriyawong, Totsapin

RĀVAṆA’S ascetic minister

Old Sundanese Sombali

ṚṢABHA
Khmer: Ramakerti I Usabh

ṚṢYAŚṚṄGA
Thai, Rāmakien Kalaikot
Myanmar, Rama Thagyin cf. Trisula (hermit who gives fructifying mango to Daśaratha)

ṚṢYAŚṚṄGA’S WIFE
Thai, Rāmakien Arunawadee

RUMĀ
Assamese Lomā
Myanmar, Rama Vatthu Supatta

the ŚABARĪ
Classical Sanskrit Śramaṇā, Śravaṇā

ŚACĪ
Thai, Rāmakien Suchada

ŚATĀNANDA
Thai, Rāmakien Sutamantan

ŚATRUGHNA
oral, Taylor 1895-96 Churat
Khmer: Ramakerti I Sutrut
Khmer, Ramakerti II Sutrut
Khmer, Trai Bhet Siddharatth
Lao, Lafont 2003 Satta Runa
Lao, Vo 1971 Sattarouth
Lao, Finot 1917 Sataghana
Malay, HMR Chitradan
Malay, HSR Citradan
Mon, Loik Samoing Ram Jata Sataru
Myanmar, Rama Thagyin Thatrugana
Myanmar, Rama Vatthu Sattarukana
Thai, Rāmakien Satrud
Yunnan, Lanka Xihe Shadaluga

12
SĪTĀ
Annamite Bach-Tinh
Central Asia Rolrñedma
Jain Sīya
Javanese, Serat Kanda Sinta
Karbi tradition (Ghosh 2002)
Chhinta
Karbi tradition (Singh and Datta 1993)
Sinta Kungri
Lao, Lafont 2003 Sida
Lao, Vo 1971 Sida
Mon, Loik Samoing Ram Soite
Philippines Potre Malano Tihaia (before marriage), Potre Malaila Ganding (after)

SĪTĀ’S rākṣasī servant

Khmer, Ramakerti II Atul

ŚIVA
Central Asia Mahadeba, Mahadepa, Mahadeva
Khmer: Ramakerti I Isur
Khmer, Ramakerti II Isur
Khmer, Trai Bhet Isur
Lao, Vo 1971 Ysouane
Malay, HSR Betara Guru
Purāṇas Rudra, Śambhu
Thai, Rāmakien Pra Isuan

ŚRĀVAṆA
oral, Taylor 1895-96 Servan

SUBĀHU
Thai, Rāmakien Swahu

SUGRĪVA
Central Asia bGrinbzans, ’Grinbzans, mGrinbzan
Karbi tradition (Ghosh 2002)
Hikreng
Karbi tradition (Singh and Datta 1993)
Hakuri
Lao, Lafont 2003 Kaling
Lao, Vo 1971 Soukhip
Mon, Loik Samoing Ram Soingrit
Myanmar, Rama Thagyin Thugyeik
Myanmar, Rama Vatthu Sukrit
Phrommacak (non-Thai vernacular)
Kawinda raja
Thai, Rāmakien Sukreep, Paya Waiyawongsa
Yunnan, Lanka Xihe Galin

SUJĀTĀ (Indra’s wife)

Lao, Lafont 2003 Susada

13
ŚUKA and SĀRAṆA
Malay, HSR Sukasarana
Thai, Rāmakien Sukasarn

SUMANTRA
Lao, Lafont 2003 Sunantha (role sometimes shared with Sarathi)

SUMITRĀ
oral, Taylor 1895-96 Samantra
Khmer: Ramakerti I Sramut
Khmer, Ramakerti II Kramuda
Khmer, Trai Bhet Kosakaliyaniy
Lao, Lafont 2003 Sumitta
Lao, Vo 1971 Samouththevi
Lao, Finot 1917 Sumata
Mon, Loik Samoing Ram Sowen Devi
Myanmar, Rama Thagyin Thumitra
Myanmar, Rama Vatthu Sumitta
Thai, Rāmakien Samut Tewee
Yunnan, Lanka Xihe Nang sumida

SUPĀRŚVA
Khmer: Ramakerti I Rakkhas

ŚŪRPAṆAKHĀ
Central Asia Phurpala, Purpala, Sla-byed-ma
Jain Candraṇābha, Candranakhā, Dūrṇakhā
Javanese, Serat Kanda Sarpakanaka
Karbi tradition (Ghosh 2002)
Thesmahadi
Khmer, Trai Bhet Sarupanakh
Lao, Lafont 2003 Tharikhata
Malay, HMR Sura Pendaka
Malay, HSR Surapandaki
Mon, Loik Samoing Ram Sammanukot
Myanmar, Rama Thagyin Gambi
Myanmar, Rama Vatthu Trighata
Thai, Rāmakien Samanakha
Yunnan, Lanka Xihe Dalihada

ŚŪRPAṆAKHĀ’S HUSBAND
often Kharadūṣaṇa
Thai, Rāmakien Chiuha Yak

ŚŪRPAṆAKHĀ’S SON
Jain Śambūka
Thai, Rāmakien Kumpakat

SŪRYA
Khmer, Trai Bhet Adity

14
SUTĪKṢṆA
Purāṇas Tīkṣṇa

SUVARṆAMATSYA
Mon, Loik Samoing Ram Motcha
Thai, Rāmakien Supanna Matcha

SUVARṆAMATSYA’S SON
Malay, HSR Ganga Mahasura [by Rāvaṇa]
Mon, Loik Samoing Ram Motcha Kumma
Phrommacak (non-Thai vernacular)
Horapi [by Hanumān]

SVAYAṂPRABHĀ
Purāṇas Suprabhā

TĀRĀ
Jain Sutārā
Javanese, Serat Kanda Tariwati
Malay, HSR Berma Komala
Myanmar, Rama Vatthu Tala
Thai, Rāmakien Kaeo Dara

TĀṬAKĀ
Javanese, Serat Kanda Janggini
Khmer, Trai Bhet Takkatthakilnam
Malay, HSR Jagina
Purāṇas Tāḍakā

TRIJAṬĀ
Khmer: Ramakerti I Sujata
Malay, HSR Sri Jati
Myanmar, Rama Vatthu Trikumbhi
Thai, Rāmakien Treechada

TRIŚIRAS
Khmer: Ramakerti I Trimukh
Sikh Trimuṇḍa
Thai, Rāmakien Treesian

UMĀ
Central Asia Upade, Umade
Purāṇas Gaurī, Pārvatī, Satī

VAIŚRAVAṆA see KUBERA

VĀLIN
frequently some form of Bāli
Javanese, Serat Kanda Subali
Lao, Lafont 2003 Parimok

15
Lao, Vo 1971 Phalichanh
Phrommacak (non-Thai vernacular)
Kasika raja
Myanmar, Rama Vatthu Pali
Thai, Rāmakien Kakat, Palee Thirat

VĀLMĪKI
Central Asia Grog-mkhar
Khmer, Ramakerti II Vajjamrik
Myanmar, Rama Vatthu Balamiga
Old Sundanese Hayam Canggong
Thai, Rāmakien Watchamaruk

VĀNARA
Central Asia Sindu, Zi’du

VARUṆA
Khmer, Ramakerti II Birun
Thai, Rāmakien Pra Piroon

VASIṢṬHA
Khmer: Ramakerti I Varasiddhi
Thai, Rāmakien Wasit

VĀYU
Classical Sanskrit Māruta
Jain Pavana [Hanumān’s father]
Thai, Rāmakien Pai

VEDAVATĪ
Jain Maṇimatī, Maṇivai, Vegavatī
Yunnan, Lanka Xihe Nang Xila [i.e. Sītā]

VIBHĪṢAṆA
Central Asia Ampakarna, Birinasa, Cirisana, Udpakana
Javanese, Serat Kanda Jibisana
Karbi tradition (Ghosh 2002)
Vivihan
Khmer: Ramakerti I Bibhek
Khmer, Ramakerti II Bibheksa
Khmer, Trai Bhet Biybheky
Lao, Lafont 2003 Piyasa
Lao, Finot 1917 Piphek
Malay, HMR Bibisana
Malay, HSR Bibusanam
Mon, Loik Samoing Ram Phiphek
Phrommacak (non-Thai vernacular)
Nanda
Old Sundanese Bibisana
Thai, Rāmakien Pipek, Totsa Kiree Wong, Bhibek
Yunnan, Lanka Xihe Piyasha

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VIBHĪṢAṆA’S DAUGHTER
Mon, Loik Samoing Ram Suponnakha
Thai, Ramakien Benjakai, Benyakai

VIRĀDHA
Jain ? Virādhita
Khmer: Ramakerti I Biradh
Malay, HSR Purba ita
Thai, Rāmakien Pirap

VIṢṆU/NĀRĀYAṆA
Central Asia Byisnu
Purāṇas Kṛṣṇa, Vāsudeva
Thai, Rāmakien Pra Narai
Khmer, Trai Bhet Naray

VIŚRAVAS
Jain Ratnaśravas
Thai, Rāmakien Lasatian [son of Djatura Pak, grandson of Tada Prohm]

VIŚVAKARMAN
Lao, Lafont 2003 Visu Kamma
Myanmar, Rama Vatthu Visakarum
Purāṇas Visakarum, Visukamma, Witsanukam
Thai, Rāmakien Witsanukam

VIŚVĀMITRA
Khmer: Ramakerti I Bisvamitr
Khmer, Trai Bhet Sron
Myanmar, Rama Thagyin Bodaw
Myanmar, Rama Vatthu cf. Kotampa
Thai, Rāmakien Swamit

YUDHĀJIT
Purāṇas Yuddhājit

17