Simple Machine

Simple Machine
Background (why you choose this project?)
Our inspiration for operating this project is the will to prove the theory of torque and
lever arm. In order to illustrate this concept, we decided to do a seesaw because we believe
that seesaw will be able to obviously demonstrate how lever arm works and how the
distance and mass affect on the outcome of the seesaw. In addition, this will examine how
the distribution of weight and distance matter.
Introduction (simple machine)
A simple machine is the simplest form to do work in the fastest way. It reduces the
amount of energy, power, and time. Also, it increases the magnitude (direction) or the
distance of a force but not both at the same time. There are six basic one; the lever, the
wheel and axle, the inclined plane, the wedge, the pulley, and the screw. A lever is a long
tool that combined with a fulcrum to lift an object up. Also, a location of the fulcrum is a factor
that affects how much energy we need to use to lift one object. The wheel and axle help to
move the object by using centripetal force. The inclined plane is also known as a ramp. It
allows an object to go from one higher end to one lower end by using the same amount of
work, but less amount of force. The wedge is used to separate things apart. The pulley
reduces the amount of work to lift a huge amount of weight and to lower them down. The
screw is one type of inclined plane, but also move in a circle.
Discussion of Physic’s concept (Torque and lever arm)
Lever arm is the perpendicular distance from the axis of rotation to the line of action
of the force. There are three classes of lever arm principles based on the position of the
axis/fulcrum of rotation, force, and resistance. In the first-class lever principle, the fulcrum is
between the force moving the object offering resistance and the resistance. In the second-
class lever principle, the fulcrum is at one end; the force is applied at the other end to
displace the object offering resistance being in the middle. In the third-class lever principle,
the fulcrum is at one end; the force is applied at the middle to displace the object offering
resistance at the other end. The measure of a force's tendency to produce a rotation about
an axis is called torque.That is, if a force is used to begin to spin something, or to attempt to
spin something, a torque is generated. A torque would also be generated if a force was used
to stop something from spinning. The magnitude of torque of a rigid body depends on three
quantities: the force applied, the lever arm vector connecting the origin to the point of force
application, and the angle between the force and lever arm vectors. In symbols: Torque =
Effective length of lever arm × Force × Sine of angle formed between force vector and
lever arm. As the angulation between the lever arm and applied force deviates away from
90°, the effectiveness of torque obtained decreases. Maximum torque is produced when the
force is perpendicular to the long axis of lever arm. Therefore, the length of lever arm will
directly influence the outcome of effective torque.
Objective
- to be able to understand the concept of torque

- to gain experience working with torque
- to practice doing experiment
- to prove that the distance and the mass affects the result of the seesaw
Material
Name Picture
PVC pipes
Nuts and bolts
Glass beads
Adhesive putty
Portable drill
Procedure
1. Cut a plastic pipe into 4 short pieces

2. Connect 2 of the pieces with 90 degree joint
3. Do the same with the remaining 2 pieces
4. Cut a plastic pipe into 1 long piece w hich measured 1 meter
5. Drill a hole in the middle the 2 joints and in the middle of the 1 meter pipe
6. Connect 2 pieces with 90 degree joints to the 1 meter pipe with nuts and bolts
through the holes that were drilled
7. Draw a scale on the pipe
8. Test the see-saw
Data of the results
Analysis of Data
Conclusion
Recomendation
While we were doing our seesaw, we recognized that both of the lever arms
have different masses which make our result inaccurate. Moreover, the pivot point
that we drilled is not at the right position, in the center, so it effects unbalanced
seesaw. Therefore, next time, we will use a measuring tape instead of a ruler to
measure the length of the pipe, and we will make a bigger seesaw next time to
illustrate the concept of torque clearly.
Work Log
Name Work
Akradej Background Information

Conclusion
Chalisa Introduction
Chin Discussion of Physic’s concept
Patcharipa Materials
Recommendation
Phaskorn Procedure
Analysis of the result
References

Simple Machine

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Simple Machine

Background (why you choose this project?)

Introduction (simple machine)

Discussion of Physic’s concept (Torque and lever arm)

- to be able to understand the concept of torque

Nuts and bolts

1. Cut a plastic pipe into 4 short pieces

Data of the results

Akradej Background Information

Chin Discussion of Physic’s concept

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