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    Bab Ii Tinjauan Pustaka

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    Hatflan Erico
    This document provides an overview of palm oil production in Indonesia. It discusses: 1) Palm oil was introduced to Indonesia in 1848 and is an important vegetable oil crop. It is processed into crude palm oil (CPO) and other products. 2) CPO is the main product of processing fresh fruit bunches. The fruit contains 43% crude oil, 11% kernel, and 13% fiber. 3) Palm oil contains various fatty acids like palmitic acid, oleic acid, and linoleic acid that give it different properties than other oils.

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    Bab Ii Tinjauan Pustaka

    Uploaded by

    Hatflan Erico
    14 views3 pages
    This document provides an overview of palm oil production in Indonesia. It discusses: 1) Palm oil was introduced to Indonesia in 1848 and is an important vegetable oil crop. It is processed into crude palm oil (CPO) and other products. 2) CPO is the main product of processing fresh fruit bunches. The fruit contains 43% crude oil, 11% kernel, and 13% fiber. 3) Palm oil contains various fatty acids like palmitic acid, oleic acid, and linoleic acid that give it different properties than other oils.

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    Laporan KP

    Original Title

    BAB II

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    This document provides an overview of palm oil production in Indonesia. It discusses: 1) Palm oil was introduced to Indonesia in 1848 and is an important vegetable oil crop. It is processed into crude palm oil (CPO) and other products. 2) CPO is the main product of processing fresh fruit bunches. The fruit contains 43% crude oil, 11% kernel, and 13% fiber. 3) Palm oil contains various fatty acids like palmitic acid, oleic acid, and linoleic acid that give it different properties than other oils.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    14 views3 pages

    Bab Ii Tinjauan Pustaka

    Uploaded by

    Hatflan Erico
    This document provides an overview of palm oil production in Indonesia. It discusses: 1) Palm oil was introduced to Indonesia in 1848 and is an important vegetable oil crop. It is processed into crude palm oil (CPO) and other products. 2) CPO is the main product of processing fresh fruit bunches. The fruit contains 43% crude oil, 11% kernel, and 13% fiber. 3) Palm oil contains various fatty acids like palmitic acid, oleic acid, and linoleic acid that give it different properties than other oils.

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    You are on page 1of 3

    BAB II

    TINJAUAN PUSTAKA

    2.1 Umum
    Kelapa sawit (Elaeis guineensis) merupakan sumber minyak nabati yang
    sangat penting disamping beberapa minyak nabati lain, seperti kelapa dalam,
    kacang – kacangan dan biji – bijian lain. Kelapa sawit didatangkan ke Indonesia
    oleh pemerintah Hindia Belanda pada tahun 1848. Beberapa bijinya ditanam di
    Kebun Raya Bogor, sementara sisa benihnya ditanam di tepi – tepi jalan sebagai
    tanaman hias di Deli, Sumatera Utara pada tahun 1870-an (Adlin U. Lubis 1992 ).
    Menurut World Oil (1995), Minyak kelapa sawit merupakan salah satu dari
    13 jenis minyak nabati dunia dan secara keseluruhan produksi dan konsumsi
    minyak nabati dunia pada abad 21 perlu dikaji dan dikembangkan untuk upaya
    peningkatan efisiensi pada setiap sub sistem agribisnis pengolahan Tandan Buah
    Segar (TBS) menjadi minyak sawit (CPO) yang merupakan salah satu agribisnis
    yang sangat menentukan kemampuan daya saing pemasaran minyak dan kernel
    sawit.
    Tandan kelapa sawit yang diolah dipabrik akan menghasilkan minyak sawit,
    inti sawit, cangkang, serat dan tandan kosong. Dalam proses pengolahan terdapat
    bahan yang tidak termanfaatkan seperti tandan kosong dan air buangan pabrik.
    Karena kapasitas pabrik yang cukup besar yaitu antara 10 – 60 ton TBS/jam maka
    bahan buangan tersebut dapat mempengaruhi lingkungan biotik dan abiotik
    (Naibaho, M. Ponten 1998).

    2.2 Minyak Sawit


    Minyak sawit merupakan hasil utama dari proses pengolahan Tandan Buah
    Segar (TBS). Minyak yang berasal dari kelapa sawit ada dua macam, yaitu dari
    daging buah (mesocarp) yang dikeluarkan dari perebusan dan pemerasan
    (pressan) dan dikenal sebagai minyak sawit kasar atau crude palm oil (CPO) dan
    minyak yang berasal dari inti disebut minyak inti sawit atau palm kernel oil
    (PKO) dengan hasil samping bungkil inti kelapa sawit (palm kernel meal).

    6
    Disamping itu juga diperoleh produk hasil samping berupa serabut (fibre),
    cangkang (shell) dan abu hasil pembakaran tandan kosong.
    Kelapa sawit mengandung lebih kurang 67% daging buah kelapa sawit
    (berondolan), 23% janjangan kosong (tandan kosong), dan 10% air (penguapan).
    Dalam daging buah diperoleh kadar minyak mentah (crude palm oil) sekitar 43%,
    biji 11% dan ampas 13%, sedangkan dalam biji mengandung inti sekitar 5,5%,
    cangkang 5% dan air 1%.

    2.3 Komposisi Kimia Minyak Kelapa Sawit


    Kelapa sawit mengandung kurang lebih 80% pericarp dan 20% buah yang
    dilapisi kulit tipis, kadar minyak dalam pericarp sekitar 34 – 40%. Kandungan
    karoten dapat mencapai 1000 ppm atau lebih, tetapi dalam minyak dari jenis
    tenera kurang lebih 500 – 700 ppm. Kandungan tokoferal bervariasi dan
    dipengaruhi oleh penanganan selama produksi. Rata – rata komposisi asam lemak
    kelapa sawit dapat dilihat pada tabel dibawah ini.
    Tabel 2.1 Komposisi Asam Lemak Minyak Kelapa Sawit dan Inti Sawit
    Asam Lemak Minyak Kelapa Sawit Minyak Inti Sawit
    Asam kaprilat - 3–4
    Asam Kaproat - 3–7
    Asam laurat - 46 – 52
    Asam miristat 1,1 – 2,5 14 – 17
    Asam palmintat 30 – 46 6,5 – 9
    Asam stearat 3,6 – 4,7 1 – 2,5
    Asam oleat 39 – 45 13 – 19
    Asam linoleat 7 – 11 0,5 – 2
    Sumber: Ketaren, 1986

    2.4 Inti Kelapa Sawit


    Inti kepala sawit yang diolah menghasil minyak inti sawit atau disebut juga
    palm kernel oil (PKO) dan hasil samping dari pengolahan inti kelapa sawit berupa

    7
    palm kernel meal (PKM). Minyak kelapa sawit yang baik kadar asam lemak bebas
    yang rendah dan berwarna kuning terang serta mudah dipucatkan. Bungkil inti
    sawit yang diinginkan berwarna relatif cerah dan bernilai gizi serta kandungan
    asam amonianya tidak berubah. Komposisi rata – rata inti sawit diperlihatkan
    pada tabel dibawah ini.
    Tabel 2.2 Komposisi Rata – Rata Inti Sawit
    No Komponen Jumlah
    1 Minyak 47 – 52
    2 Air 6–8
    3 Protein 7,5 – 9,0
    4 Extractable non nitrogen 23 – 24
    5 Selulosa 5
    6 Abu 2
    Sumber: Ketaren, 1986

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