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Keywords: youth impact social networking, social networks impacts, facebook impact
Just when many of us thought we understood how to use email, could shop online, and search the
web for recipes or the long- lost instruction manual for a piece of equipment in the garage, the web is
evolving. Now we hear about blogs, podcasts, Facebook, Myspace and Orkut. These are some of the
tools and technology associated with a recent phenomenon called social networking and it is
everywhere.
Social networking has become part of the daily life experience for an increasing number of people.
The rapid adoption of social network sites by teenagers in the United States and in many other
countries around the world raises some important questions. Why do teenagers flock to these sites?
What are they expressing on them? How do these sites fit into their lives? What are they learning
from their participation? Are these online activities like face-to-face friendships - or are they
different, or complementary? (Danah Boyd, 2007). Penuel and Riel define social networking as "a set
of people and the relationships between them". That definition is found today in the social networking
services that promote the development of online communities of people. Social networking such as
Facebook, Orkut, Myspace, Flickr and Youtube are sites where users apply for membership and
maintain their personal profile information in a centrally organized database. Each network members
controls access to their profile by accepting or declining requests from other network members to be
"friends". By expanding and developing their network of friends, social networking members are able
to maintain online relationships for work, study, special- interests or leisure- related purposes.
Social networking services utilize the participation technology and software tools to facilitate
communication and interaction between members. Social software communication tools include
blogs, wikis, instant messaging, chat rooms, message boards and social bookmarking. Members use
these tools to share online ideas, documents, photos, videos, and favorite websites actually almost
anything. As more people participate in social networking, the question becomes is it merely a social
activity or are they involved in learning?
And social networking websites is very popular among the youth so that they contribute the majority
percentage of the users of these sites. So, the researcher wanted to study the impact of these social
networking sites on their education.
LITERATURE REVIEW
Jeff Cain (2008), in the research paper "Online Social Networking Issues Within Academia and
Pharmacy Education" has discussed that Facebook is a tool that aids students in developing their
identities and finding their ''fit'' within a college community. Helping students connect and stay in
contact with old and new friends is touted as one of the significant benefits of Facebook. Making
connections on campus which help them feel that they belong may be an important factor in student
retention. These capabilities along with the many facets of communicating with their friends make
social networking sites very appealing. Although extremely popular, especially among younger
generations, social networking sites are not without their issues. Controversy surrounds the use of
these sites, specifically in terms of privacy, safety, and attitudes toward revealing personal
information to the world. Most of the press concerning these sites has been negative in focus.
Newspapers and magazines related to higher education are replete with cases of college students who
experienced negative repercussions from questionable activities that were made public online.9,15-26
The list of incidences are long and revolve around a myriad of issues related to photos, posts, and/or
personal profiles.
Social networking sites such as Facebook provide individuals with a way of maintaining and
strengthening social ties, which can be beneficial in both social and academic settings. These same
sites, however, also pose a danger to students' privacy, safety, and professional reputations if proper
precautions are not taken. Colleges and schools of pharmacy would be advised to consider how these
issues might affect their students. At a minimum, schools should take appropriate steps to educate
students about these matters. Research is needed on professional students' usage and attitudes toward
online social networking sites. Monitoring and usage of these sites by institutions venture into legal
grey areas concerning the Fourth Amendment, the right to privacy, and duty of care, and should be
approached with caution. Discussion is warranted on how, if at all, material found on student social
networking sites should be used in colleges of pharmacy admissions decisions and/or matters of a
disciplinary nature. Further research is needed on how best to address the issues surrounding online
social networking.
Ana M Martinez Aleman, Katherine Lynk Wartman and M Aleman Ana (2009) in their book Online
Social Networking on Campus said that Teenager's online social needs are similar to those of college
students. High school students want to stay up to date with their friend's status; they plan activities
online; they are "social searchers" who investigate other users with whom they have a real- life
connection, and also like college students, they perceive their Facebook community to correspond to
their existing real-life social relationships at school or other institutional affiliations (sports teams,
music groups, etc.). Though perhaps not a user community that engages in "social browsing" to
connect with other users offline, the high school user seems less alien and disparate to Facebook's
traditional and original niche user than the older adult user.
Henk Huijser (2007) explores potential educational applications of Web 2.0 technologies, and cuts
through some of the hype generated around these technologies, as well as around characteristics of
Generation Y, and their implications for learning and teaching. Web 2.0 technologies both reflect and
drive a blurring of the lines between students and university educators, which has a potentially
profound impact on learning and teaching in higher education. This paper argues that Web 2.0
technologies, and Social Network Sites in particular, offer exciting opportunities but that educational
applications of these technologies should be based on sound pedagogical principles and driven by
empirical research and careful evaluation, if they are to effect meaningful learning experiences for all
students.
Vincent Miller (2008) in his research paper "New Media, Networking and Phatic Culture" has
discussed that This article will demonstrate how the notion of 'phatic communion' has become an
increasingly significant part of digital media culture alongside the rise of online networking practices.
Through a consideration of the new media objects of blogs, social networking profiles and
microblogs, along with their associated practices, I will argue, that the social contexts of
'individualization' and 'network sociality', alongside the technological developments associated with
pervasive communication and 'connected presence' has led to an online media culture increasingly
dominated by phatic communications. That is, communications which have purely social
(networking) and not informational or dialogic intents. I conclude with a discussion of the potential
nihilistic consequences of such a culture.
Doris de Almeida Soares and Escola Naval (2008) in their resarch paper "Understanding class blogs
as a tool for language development" it has been said that Web 2.0 has allowed for the development of
cyber spaces where any computer user can create their own public pages to share knowledge, feelings
and thoughts inviting linguistic interactions with people around the globe. This innovation has caught
the attention of language practitioners who wish to experiment with blogging to enhance the teaching
and learning experience. In 2007 I set up a class blog with my nine pre-intermediate EFL students in
a language school in Brazil. This experience gave rise to two central questions: a) did my students see
our blog as a learning tool? and b) what was blogging like in other language teaching contexts? To
answer the first question I carried out some Exploratory Practice for three months. As for the second
question, I designed an online survey which was answered by 16 members of a community of
practice called the Webheads. Ultimately I learned that my students saw our blog as a learning tool
and that blogs are being used in different ways around the world. This article presents the rationale
behind using blogs in language classes, describes my research process and discusses the
understanding my students and I have gained from exploring our own practices.
R. Cachia, R. Compano and O. Da Costa (2005) in their research paper "Students Actually Use the
Internet for Education" says that New research released by the National School Boards Association
reveals data showing we all might need to reevaluate our assumptions: It turns out kids are actually
using the Internet for educational purposes. In fact, according to the study, "Creating & Connecting:
Research and Guidelines on Online Social--and Educational--Networking," the percentage of children
specifically discussing schoolwork online outpaces the percentage that spend time downloading
music.
For the survey, the NSBA teamed up with Grunwald Associates to poll 1,277 9- to 17-year-olds,
1,039 parents, and 250 school district leaders who make decisions on Internet policy. It found that a
full 50 percent of students who are online spend time discussing schoolwork, and 59 percent spend
time talking about education-related topics, including college or college planning; learning outside of
school; news; careers or jobs; politics, ideas, religion, or morals; and schoolwork.
Further, these students are spending almost as much time on the Internet visiting websites and social
networking services (nine hours per week for teens) as they spend watching television (10 hours).
A full 96 percent of students surveyed responded that they use the Internet for social networking
purposes, including Facebook, MySpace, Webkins, and Nick.com chat. Seventy-one percent said they
use these services at least on a weekly basis.
Yet, the study asserts, the vast majority of school districts have stringent rules against nearly all forms
of social networking during the school day--even though students and parents report few problem
behaviors online. Indeed, both district leaders and parents believe that social networking could play a
positive role in students' lives and they recognize opportunities for using it in education--at a time
when teachers now routinely assign homework that requires Internet use to complete. In light of the
study findings, school districts may want to consider reexamining their policies and practices and
explore ways in which they could use social networking for educational purposes.
Jeff Cain (2008) in "Online Social Networking Issues Within Academia and Pharmacy Education" it
has been said that Facebook is a tool that aids students in developing their identities and finding their
''fit'' within a college community. Helping students connect and stay in contact with old and new
friends is touted as one of the significant benefits of Facebook. Making connections on campus which
help them feel that they belong may be an important factor in student retention. These capabilities
along with the many facets of communicating with their friends make social networking sites very
appealing. Although extremely popular, especially among younger generations, social networking
sites are not without their issues. Controversy surrounds the use of these sites, specifically in terms of
privacy, safety, and attitudes toward revealing personal information to the world. Most of the press
concerning these sites has been negative in focus. Newspapers and magazines related to higher
education are replete with cases of college students who experienced negative repercussions from
questionable activities that were made public online.9,15-26 The list of incidences are long and
revolve around a myriad of issues related to photos, posts, and/or personal profiles.
Social networking sites such as Facebook provide individuals with a way of maintaining and
strengthening social ties, which can be beneficial in both social and academic settings. These same
sites, however, also pose a danger to students' privacy, safety, and professional reputations if proper
precautions are not taken. Colleges and schools of pharmacy would be advised to consider how these
issues might affect their students. At a minimum, schools should take appropriate steps to educate
students about these matters. Research is needed on professional students' usage and attitudes toward
online social networking sites. Monitoring and usage of these sites by institutions venture into legal
grey areas concerning the Fourth Amendment, the right to privacy, and duty of care, and should be
approached with caution. Discussion is warranted on how, if at all, material found on student social
networking sites should be used in colleges of pharmacy admissions decisions and/or matters of a
disciplinary nature. Further research is needed on how best to address the issues surrounding online
social networking.
Danah M. Boyd and N.B. Ellison (2007) in their research paper "Social network sites: Definition,
history, and scholarship" it has been said that Social network sites (SNSs) are increasingly attracting
the attention of academic and industry researchers intrigued by their affordances and reach. This
special theme section of the Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication brings together
scholarship on these emergent phenomena. In this introductory article, the authors describe features
of SNSs and propose a comprehensive definition. They then present one perspective on the history of
such sites, discussing key changes and developments. After briefly summarizing existing scholarship
concerning SNSs, they discuss the articles in this special section and conclude with considerations for
future research.
The work described above and included in this special theme section contributes to an on-going
dialogue about the importance of social network sites, both for practitioners and researchers. Vast,
uncharted waters still remain to be explored. Methodologically, SNS researchers' ability to make
causal claims is limited by a lack of experimental or longitudinal studies. Although the situation is
rapidly changing, scholars still have a limited understanding of who is and who is not using these
sites, why, and for what purposes, especially outside the U.S. Such questions will require large-scale
quantitative and qualitative research. Richer, ethnographic research on populations more difficult to
access (including non-users) would further aid scholars' ability to understand the long-term
implications of these tools. They hope that the work described here and included in this collection
will help build a foundation for future investigations of these and other important issues surrounding
social network sites.
M. Brendesha Tynes (2007), in "Internet Safety Gone Wild? Sacrificing the Educational and
Psychosocial Benefits of Online Social Environments" it has been said that Many Internet safety and
parenting experts suggest that parents prohibit their teens from social networking sites and other
online spaces where predators may lurk. But we may do adolescents a disservice when we curtail
their participation in these spaces, because the educational and psychosocial benefits of this type of
communication can far outweigh the potential dangers. These benefits include developing cognitive
skills that are consistent with those required in educational settings and perspective-taking skills that
are necessary for citizenship in an increasingly multiracial society. Alternative strategies for keeping
adolescents safe online should build on the increasing technological awareness and sophistication of
teens themselves.
Danah Boyd (2007) in her research paper "Why Youth Social Network Sites: The Role of Networked
Publics in Teenage Social Life" has said that Although news media give the impression that all online
teens in the United States are on MySpace, this is not the case. For this reason, I want to take a
moment to discuss who is not participating. In 2004, PEW found that 87 percent of teenagers aged
twelve to seventeen have some level of Internet access.5 In a study conducted in late 2006, they
found that 55 percent of online teens aged twelve to seventeen have created profiles on social network
sites with 64 percent of teens aged fifteen to seventeen.6 While these numbers are most likely low,7 it
is very clear that not all high school students participate in online communities that require public
content creation like social network sites.
Gender also appears to influence participation on social network sites. Younger boys are more likely
to participate than younger girls (46 percent vs. 44 percent) but older girls are far more likely to
participate than older boys (70 percent vs. 57 percent). Older boys are twice as likely to use the sites
to flirt and slightly more likely to use the sites to meet new people than girls of their age. Older girls
are far more likely to use these sites to communicate with friends they see in person than younger
people or boys of their age.10 While gender differences do exist and should not be ignored, most of
what I discuss in this article concerns practices that are common to both boys and girls.
The research paper "Exploring the Educational Potential of Social Networking Sites: The Fine Line
between Exploiting Opportunities and Unwelcome Imposition" by Henk Huijser (2007) University of
Southern Queensland explores potential educational applications of Web 2.0 technologies, and cuts
through some of the hype generated around these technologies, as well as around characteristics of
Generation Y, and their implications for learning and teaching. Web 2.0 technologies both reflect and
drive a blurring of the lines between students and university educators, which has a potentially
profound impact on learning and teaching in higher education. This paper argues that Web 2.0
technologies, and Social Network Sites in particular, offer exciting opportunities but that educational
applications of these technologies should be based on sound pedagogical principles and driven by
empirical research and careful evaluation, if they are to effect meaningful learning experiences for all
students.
In the research paper Social networking sites within Higher Education - threat or opportunity? by
Neville Palmer, Jomo Batola, Margaret Jones and Sheila Baron (2007) it has been said that a
Southampton Solent University, students predominantly use Facebook to advertise social and
sporting events, make new friends, or chat among existing friends. There are currently over 6,200
members of the "official" Southampton Solent network, which represents around 40% of all students
at the University, though there may be more in other groups. Currently there seem to be at least 150
different groups representing areas of interest under the umbrella of the University, ranging from the
bizarre to sports clubs, social activities and academic related interests. Most of these groups have a
small membership. There are also alumni groups, and some specific course related groups. These
seem to have been formed, not by staff, but by students. For example there is a group for journalism
students and another for business studies. There is a mixture of social chitchat, but also course related
self help discussion. The journalism students are also giving each other leads on where they can get
work experience.
Forums are a form of Social Software that can be a useful tool in education. Forums are also related
to Blogs, though a blog is centered on an individual, whereas a forum is centered more on an area of
interest (Holzsclag 2005). There are many blogs on the Internet posted by individuals to discuss
subjects ranging from their personal lives to World events. However some students are using blogs to
post and discuss their work and ideas so that others can comment and advice on it (Polly 2007). A
forum can be useful when a particular topic or area of interest requires discussion on the Web. This
concept is being used at Southampton Solent University.
In the research paper "Youth Impact" I has been said that A combination of the words "iPod" and
"broadcast," podcasts are digital media files distributed over the Internet and listened to on a portable
media player. A related term is "vodcast," which describes podcasts that incorporate video. Podcasts
were originally conceived as a way for people to create their own radio shows without needing a
recording studio or transmission network. They evolved into a means of recording and distributing
speeches, classes and training sessions, and public safety messages. They are especially popular in K-
12 schools and colleges: Teachers and professors use them to record lessons, debates, and guest
speakers for absent students or later use, and students use them to record their presentations, projects,
and experiments
Podcasters and vodcasters record their audio and video sessions, edit them, and upload them to a feed.
Listeners and viewers use a "podcatcher" service such as iTunes to search for and subscribe to one or
more feeds. When a new podcast or vodcast is released on the feed, the audio or video file will
download automatically to the subscribers' iPod, computer, or other device so that they can listen to
or view it at their leisure.
The review of literature gave a clear idea on the use of social networking websites and the aim of the
study was formulated to find the Impact of Social Networking Websites on the education of Youth
and the objective is to find the trends in the Internet use by youth and to study the impact of social
networking websites on the education of youth.
METHODOLOGY
For conducting the research, the researcher has chosen the following two methodologies: Survey and
In-depth Interview. The researcher adopted the Stratified Random Sampling technique. Stratified
random sampling is done when the universe is heterogeneous i.e. if the people are of different kinds.
So the universe is sub-divided into many homogeneous groups or strata. And the random sampling is
done in each stratum and the sample size from each stratum is taken proportionally. The total number
of samples taken were 500 i.e., 125 in each stratum. The researcher has sub- divided the universe as
following strata
Stratum 1- +1 & +2 students
Stratum 2- Engineering students
Stratum 3- medical students
Stratum 4- Arts & Science and others
Also, the researcher has interviewed experts from the field to know their perspectives of the impact of
the Internet on education and to know the impact of social networking sites and how far it
complements the students' education.
ANALYSIS
SUGGESTIONS
The students cannot be restricted to access these sites, as they find some or the other way to crack
into these social networking sites and it is not that good to ban these sites in the educational
institutions. Instead by some pedagogic approach, they can be used for learning process and can find
a way to give access only to the education related communities and denying access to other
communities regarding entertainment like the way many of the institutions do keep firewall for many
websites when the students access internet in their institution.
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