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Class 9 History CH 1

The document discusses the French Revolution and the rise of Napoleon. It describes the social inequality, economic problems, and subsistence crisis that led to revolutionary protests in France. The middle class and clergy benefited most from the revolution while the nobility lost power. The revolution inspired democratic ideas around the world but its promises of equality were imperfectly realized, especially for women and the poor. Napoleon rose to power amid the political instability following the revolution.

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18K views6 pages

Class 9 History CH 1

The document discusses the French Revolution and the rise of Napoleon. It describes the social inequality, economic problems, and subsistence crisis that led to revolutionary protests in France. The middle class and clergy benefited most from the revolution while the nobility lost power. The revolution inspired democratic ideas around the world but its promises of equality were imperfectly realized, especially for women and the poor. Napoleon rose to power amid the political instability following the revolution.

Uploaded by

Yash Play
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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in

Ch 1 The French Revolution

Page No: 24

Questions

1. Describe the circumstances leading to the outbreak of revolutionary


protest in France.

Answer

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www.ncrtsolutions.in

The circumstances that causes outbreak of revolutionary protest in


France were:
→ Social Inequality: French society in eighteenth century was divided into
three estates namely The Clergy, The nobility and third estates which
comparises peasants, officials and small business. It was only third estates
only pay taxes. Clergy and nobility were exempt from taxes.
→ Subsistence Crisis: The population of France also increased from 23
million in 1715 to 28 million in 1789. Food grains were now in great
demand. Price of bread shot up. Wages did not keep pace with rising
prices. This led to subsistence crisis.
→ Economic Problems: Long years of war had drained the financial
resources of France. To meet its regular expenses, such as the cost of
maintainingan army, the court, running government offices or
universities, the state was forced to increase taxes.
→ Strong Middle Class: The middle class emerged educated and wealthy
during eighteenth century. They believed that no group in society should
be given privileges by birth. Ideas of equality and freedom were put
forward by philosphers. The ideas of these philosophers were discussed
intensively in salons and coffee houses and spread among people.
→ Immediate Causes: On 5 may, 1789, Louis XVI called together an
assembly os Estates General to pass proposals for new taxes. Third
estates protested against this proposal but as each estates have one vote
the king rejected this appeal. They walked out of assembly.

2. Which groups of French society benefited from the revolution? Which


groups were forced to relinquish power? Which sections of society
would have been disappointed with the outcome of the revolution?

Answer

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www.ncrtsolutions.in

The richer members of the third estate (the middle class) benefitted the
most from the French Revolution. The clergy and the nobility were forced
to relinquish power. The poorer sections of society and women would
have been disappointed with the outcome of the revolution as the
promise of equality was not fulfilled in full measure at the end of the
revolution.

3. Describe the legacy of the French Revolution for the peoples of the
world during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.

Answer

The ideas of liberty and democratic rights were the most important legacy
of the French Revolution. These spread from France to the rest of Europe
during the nineteenth century, where feudal systems were abolished. It
inspired the Germans, Italians, and Austrians to overthrow their
oppressive regimes. The French Revolution inspired the struggling nations
of Asia and Africa who were groaning under the oppression of european
colonialism. Tipu Sultan and Rajaram Mohan Roy are two examples of
individuals who responded to ideas coming from french revolution.

4. Draw up a list of democratic rights we enjoy today whose origins


could be traced to the French Revolution.

Answer

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www.ncrtsolutions.in

We can trace the origin of the following democratic rights we enjoy


today to the french revolution:
→ Right to Equity
→ Right to Freedom
→ Freedom of Speech and expression
→ Right to form associations

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www.ncrtsolutions.in

→ Right to justice and security

5. Would you agree with the view that the message of universal rights
was beset with contradictions? Explain.

Answer

The message of universal rights was beset with contradictions:


→ Many ideals in the "Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen" were
replete with dubious meanings. For example, "the law has the right to
forbid only actions injurious to society" had nothing to say about
criminal offences against other individuals.
→ The declaration stated that "law is the expression of the general will.
All citizens have the right to participate in its formation…All citizens are
equal before it", but when France became a constitutional monarchy,
almost 3 million citizens including men under the age of 25 and women
were not allowed to vote at all.
Hence, by this universal rights poor were supressed. Constitution is only
available for the rich. Women were totally neglected in decision making.

6. How would you explain the rise of Napoleon?

Answer

After France became a republic in 1792, the then ruler, Robespeirre,


gave more privileges to the wealthier section of society. Further, he was
a sort of autocrat himself. This led to reign of terror for the following
many years. After Robespeirre’s rule came to an end a directory was
formed to avoid concentration of power in one individual. Members of
the directory often fought among themselves leading to total chaos and

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www.ncrtsolutions.in

political instability. This created a political vaccum in France. This was a


conducive situation and Napoleon Bonaparte took the reign of power as
a military dictator.

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