Agriculture Paper 1 Marking Scheme

JULY/AUGUST EXAM
AGRICULTURE
443/1
PAPER 1
MARKING SCHEME
1. Livestock production
-Crop production
-Agriculture engineering
-Agriculture Economics 2x ½ = 1 mk
2. Requires large tracts of land
Done where population is sparse
Done where livestock stocking rate is low 2 x ½ = mk
Where land is communally owned
3. Uniform germination of seeds
Uniform planting depth
Uniform water level in rice fields 3x½=1½
To remove depressions which store water that will make seeds to rot
4. Wells
Springs
Boreholes 3x1½
5. a). Introduction of microorganism responsible for decomposition ½ mk
b). Adds nutrient i.e. phosphorus and potassium ½ mk
c). Manure acts as food for microorganisms ½ mk
6. Fast growth
Fast to rot
Leafy
Preferably leguminous 5x½=2½

Able to grow in poor soil conditions
…./2
7. Neat
Complete
Up to date
Concise
Precise
Show actual amounts/measurements 5 x ½ = 2 ½ mks
8. Refers to returns from the best alternative forgone ½ mk
9. Effect on soil PH
Nutrients contained
Time of application
Mode of application 4 x ½ = 2 mks
10. a). 75.90 cm x 25-30 cm ½ mks
b). 100cm x 50cm, 90 cm x 60 cm ½ mks
11. To achieve desired plant population
To get high yields
Maximum utilization of space
Control soil erosion 3x ½ = 1 ½ mks
Control weeds
12. prevent rotting of grains
Prevent sprouting
Reduce damage by insects 3 x ½ = 1 ½ mk
13. Name of owner
Land title NO.
Size of land
Seal and signature of issuing officer
Date of registration 5 x ½ mks

…./3
b). Communal land tenure
Co-operative land tenure 2 x ½ = 1 mk
State ownership
14. Reduce speed of run off
Trap soil particles
Protect soil from erosion agents 2x1 = 2 mks
15. Bench terraces
Fanya juu terraces
Level terraces
Narrow based terraces 4 x ½ mk = 2mks
Broad based terraces
16. Biting and chewing insects 2 x ½ = 1 mk
Piercing and sucking insects
17. –Put flowers in open baskets
-Do not compact flowers
-Avoid harvesting wet flowers 4 x ½ = 2 mks
-Do not harvest with any twigs -Harvest only ready flowers (2-3 rows disc florets open)
18. Drying
Treatment to break dormancy
Seed dressing
Seed inoculation
Washing to remove mucilage. 3 x ½ = 1 ½ mks
SECTION B
19a). Stalkborer 1x1=1mk
b). Destroys grains, reducing their quality
-Destroys stems interfering with food uptake of plants thus reducing yield
-Destroys leaves 2x1=1mk
…../4
c) Chewing 1x1= 1mk
20a). Tissue culture 1x1= 1mk
b). A- Plantlets
B- Tissue culture medium 2x1=2mks
c). Mass production of propagules
Production of pathogen free plants
Fast
Uses less space 2x1=2mks
21a). Trench silo 1x1=1mk
-M prevents entry of water into the silage 1x1=1mk
-N drains away water 1x1=1mk
c). Fast filling of silo
Proper compaction
Sealing with polythene paper & soil 2x1=2mks
22). Marginal production column
13
20
12
-1 10x ½ = 5mks
…./5
SECTION C
23a). Harvesting of sugarcane
-take sugarcane samples for testing before harvesting
-Cut sugar cane at ground level to minimize losses
-Remove the green tops to avoid growth substance lowering quality
-Strip off leaves
-Farm may be burnt before harvesting to remove leaves
-Ensure the sugarcane is delivered to the factory within 24 hours to maintain quality 6x 1= 6mks
23b). Biotic factors
Pests damage crops lowering quality and quantity
Pathogens causes diseases to crops
Predators – some are useful as they help in controlling pests, others feed on livestock
Nitrogen fixing bacteria- help to improve soil fertility
Decomposers – increase level of organic matter in the soil
Parasites – reduce quality & quantity of produce either animal or crops
Pollinators – Bring about cross pollination which helps in producing new plant varieties 7x 1 = 7mks
ci). Budding is uniting of a vegetable seedling and a bud to form a new plant 1x1 = 1mk
ii). Importance of budding
-More than one type of fruit can be got from same root stock
-Plants that cannot be propagated any other way are propagated.
-Seedless plants can be propagated .
-Damaged trees can be repaired
-Top of the tree can be changed from undesirable to desirable
-Reduces period the crop stays on the field before maturity
-Good qualities from the rootstock are exploited and characteristics such as less thorny, sweetness,
seedless are attained. 6x1=6mks
…./6
24, a). Methods of preventing water pollution
-Control soil erosion - by contour planting
Cover cropping
Keep right stocking rates
-Government to ensure proper storm water control
-Organic farming
-Fencing water sources
-Vegetating river banks 5x2 = 10mks
b). Preparation of nursery bed
-select good site
-Clear the land
-Dig deeply in primary cultivation
-Measure Im wide & appropriate length
-Raise or sink nursery 15cm deep
-Farrow to a fine tilth
-Incorporate manure
-Level the field
-Make shallow drills
-Crop seeds singly along drills 8 x 1 = 8mks
c) Lemon is compatible with the orange and other fruits of same origin.
-Lemon has extensive root system
-lemon has resistance to diseases 2x1=2mks
25a). Advantages of using herbicides
-Faster
-Less laborious
-Maintains soil structure
-Roots and underground structures not damaged

…../7
-Convenient where we have bothersome weeds like stinging mettle
Convenient in fields such as sugarcane & sisal that irate
-Can be used in wet or dry conditions
-Can be used in flat or sloppy areas 5x1=5mks
-cheaper in the long run
25b). Banking services
-Credit facilities
-Safe keeping of farmers money and other valuables e.g. title deed
-Gives advice to farmers how to make better use of credit given
-Provides a safe means of payment
-May act as referee when clients need credit facilities where the bank statements are required.
5x1=5mks
25c). Functions of co-operative societies
-Carry out marketing functions e.g. buying and selling of produce
-Storage of farmers produce
-Transportation of produce
-Distribution of farm input at subsidized prices

-Provide banking services to members
-Keep records of all activities done and inform members of the same
-Provides extension services to members 7 x 1 mrks
25d). Properties of nitrogen fertilizers
-Scotching effect
-Highly soluble in water
Hygroscopic
-Corrosive
-Has short residual effect

-Highly volatile 3x1 mrks

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JULY/AUGUST EXAM

2. Requires large tracts of land

Done where population is sparse

Done where livestock stocking rate is low 2 x ½ = mk

Where land is communally owned

3. Uniform germination of seeds

Uniform planting depth

Uniform water level in rice fields 3x½=1½

5. a). Introduction of microorganism responsible for decomposition ½ mk

b). Adds nutrient i.e. phosphorus and potassium ½ mk

c). Manure acts as food for microorganisms ½ mk

Preferably leguminous 5x½=2½

Show actual amounts/measurements 5 x ½ = 2 ½ mks

8. Refers to returns from the best alternative forgone ½ mk

Mode of application 4 x ½ = 2 mks

10. a). 75.90 cm x 25-30 cm ½ mks

b). 100cm x 50cm, 90 cm x 60 cm ½ mks

11. To achieve desired plant population

To get high yields

Maximum utilization of space

Control soil erosion 3x ½ = 1 ½ mks

12. prevent rotting of grains

Reduce damage by insects 3 x ½ = 1 ½ mk

13. Name of owner

Land title NO.

Seal and signature of issuing officer

Date of registration 5 x ½ mks

b). Communal land tenure

Co-operative land tenure 2 x ½ = 1 mk

14. Reduce speed of run off

Trap soil particles

Protect soil from erosion agents 2x1 = 2 mks

15. Bench terraces

Fanya juu terraces

Narrow based terraces 4 x ½ mk = 2mks

Broad based terraces

16. Biting and chewing insects 2 x ½ = 1 mk

Piercing and sucking insects

17. –Put flowers in open baskets

-Do not compact flowers

-Avoid harvesting wet flowers 4 x ½ = 2 mks

Treatment to break dormancy

Washing to remove mucilage. 3 x ½ = 1 ½ mks

19a). Stalkborer 1x1=1mk

b). Destroys grains, reducing their quality

c) Chewing 1x1= 1mk

20a). Tissue culture 1x1= 1mk

B- Tissue culture medium 2x1=2mks

c). Mass production of propagules

Production of pathogen free plants

Uses less space 2x1=2mks

21a). Trench silo 1x1=1mk

-M prevents entry of water into the silage 1x1=1mk

-N drains away water 1x1=1mk

c). Fast filling of silo

Sealing with polythene paper & soil 2x1=2mks

22). Marginal production column

23a). Harvesting of sugarcane

-take sugarcane samples for testing before harvesting