PCIB Vs Escolin

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PHILIPPINE COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL BANK (PCIB) V.

ESCOLIN
GR 27936, March 29, 1974

Doctrine

Foreign law treated as a QUESTION OF FACT to be properly pleaded and proved in


conformity with the law of evidence of the state where it is presented.

Facts

Charles and Linnie Jane Hodges (husband and wife) provided mutually in their respective
will a provision wherein they would give all their estate to the surviving spouse, and
upon the death of the surviving spouse, the remainder of what has been inherited by the
surviving spouse from the earlier deceased spouse would be bequeathed to the brothers
and sisters of the later deceased.

Mrs. Hodges died first. Mr. Hodges was appointed special administrator and later
executor of the will. No liquidation was made.Upon death of Mr. Hodges, Magno was
appointed Administratix of Mrs. Hodges estate and was initially also Mr. Hodges' estate
but PCIB took over. Probate proceedings for both estate initiated, the two
administrators (PCIB and Magno) differed in the alleged share of Mrs. Hodges in their
conjugal partnership property that she could have bequeathed to her heirs.

PCIB Magno
The estate left by Mrs. Hodges < 1/2 of Texas law applicable, wherein no system of
her share in the conjugal estate (Apply legitime provided so estate of Mrs. Hodges
Philippine law), notwithstanding Art16 could not be less than her share or (?) >1/2
of our Civil code which mandates the
application of Texas law, Mr.Hodges
being a citizen of Texas

There was also an allegation on the part of Magno (for the brothers and sisters of Mrs.
Hodges) that Mr. Hodges made a renunciation of the inheritance in a manifestation to
the US inheritance tax authorities (probably to escape inheritance tax liabilities), which
was allegedly ratified by the heirs in the Philippines.There is no proof yet of what Texas
law is, but PCIB allegedly averred that under the laws of Texas (although it was arguing
that RP laws apply), there is such legitime of 1/4 of the said conjugal estate

Issue
Whether or not Texas law is applicable in this case.

Ruling

It is now beyond controversy that whatever be the provisions of Texas Law applicable,
the estate of Mrs. Hodges is AT LEAST 1/4 OF THE CONJUGAL ESTATE OF THE SPOUSES
Existence and effects of foreign laws being questions of fact, and it being the position
now of PCIB that the estate of Mrs. Hodges, pursuant to the law of Texas, should only be
1/3 of the conjugal estate, such contention constitutes and admission of fact, and
consequently, it would be in estoppel in any further proceedings in these cases to claim
that said estate could be less, irrespective of what might be proven later to be the actual
provisions of Texas law. It is then held that Mrs. Hodge’s estate cannon be less than ¼ of
the CPP finding that no evidence yet of the existence of such Texas laws. It is a rule that
foreign laws may not be taken judicial notice of and have to be proven like any other fact
in dispute between the parties in any proceeding, with the rare exceptional n instances
when the said laws are already within the actual knowledge of the court, such as when
they are well and generally known, or they have been actually ruled upon in other cases
before it and none of the parties concerned claim otherwise.

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