PS

Applying Rock Physics towards Seismic Characterization: Case Study from an Unconventional Resource,
Neuquén Basin, Argentina*
Teresa Santana1, R. Weger2, Silvana Gandi1, Alejandro D´Odorico1, and Ariel Kautyian1

Search and Discovery Article #41886 (2016)**

Posted September 26, 2016

*Adapted from poster presentation given at AAPG 2016 Annual Convention and Exhibition, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, June 19-22, 2016
**Datapages © 2016 Serial rights given by author. For all other rights contact author directly.

1
Gerencia de Subsuelo E&P YPF S.A., Buenos Aires, Argentina, South America (teresa.santana@ypf.com)
2
Center for Carbonate Research CSL, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA (rweger@rsmas.miami.edu)

Abstract

Calibration of seismic amplitudes to known rock properties is the ultimate goal of quantitative interpretation (QI) permitting seismic reservoir
characterization away from well control. This paper presents a case study of a mature onshore field within the Neuquén Basin, Argentina where
an integrated workflow for QI was defined and implemented with the aim of delineating potential areas for further development. The study area
is covered by 3D seismic data and 14 wells with a complete set of elastic logs, providing the basis for quantitative analysis along the Quintuco-
Vaca Muerta reservoir section, a complex Upper Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous mixed carbonate-siliciclastic system. A summary of the work
performed with reference to rock properties and rock physics over a particular layer is used as an example in this paper. 3D seismic data was
reprocessed following a workflow tailored towards QI to preserve relative amplitudes and stable phase across the entire survey. Sensitivities for
incident angles were performed during processing to obtain the optimal angle stack design, from 10° to 40°, as the input for simultaneous
inversion. Fourteen wells, with complete elastic log information, were used for AVA wavelet estimation and low frequency model
construction. A four component multi-mineral petrophysical model was calibrated with neutron induced elemental spectroscopy tools and XRD
core data. Porosity and hydrocarbon saturation were afterwards calculated and calibrated with NMR data. Rock physics diagnostics were
conducted to find a model that correctly represents the elastic behavior of the rocks in the study area. The Friable Shale rock physics model, a
modified version of Dvorkin and Nur's Friable Sand model (Dvorkin and Nur, 1996), is designed with the ability to consider different,
including clay rich, mineral combinations and their variability with respect to internal rock stiffness. This makes it a versatile rock physics
model for use in unconventional settings. A fine-tuned porosity-based parametric rock physics template was defined in the P and S impedance
elastic domain. The use of this rock physics model was crucial to classify seismic inversion results into elastic facies and, finally, to define
potential areas for further development.
 APPLYING ROCK PHYSICS TOWARDS SEISMIC CHARACTERIZATION: CASE STUDY

1 FROM AN UNCONVENTIONAL RESOURCE, NEUQUÉN BASIN ARGENTINA

Teresa Santana*, R. Weger**, Silvana Gandi*, Alejandro D´Odorico*, Ariel Kautyian*
* Gerencia de Subsuelo E&P YPF S.A. (teresa.santana@ypf.com))
AAPG ACE, CALGARY - JUNE2016 ** Center for Carbonate Research CSL, University of Miami USA (rweger@rsmas.miami.edu)

1- ABSTRACT
CALIBRATION OF SEISMIC AMPLITUDES TO KNOWN ROCK PROPERTIES IS THE ULTIMATE GOAL OF QUANTITATIVE INTERPRETATION (QI) PERMITTING SEISMIC RESERVOIR CHARACTERIZATION AWAY FROM WELL CONTROL.

THIS PAPER PRESENTS A CASE STUDY OF A MATURE ONSHORE FIELD WITHIN THE NEUQUÉN BASIN, ARGENTINA WHERE AN INTEGRATED WORKFLOW FOR QI WAS DEFINED AND IMPLEMENTED WITH THE AIM OF
DELINEATING POTENTIAL AREAS FOR FURTHER DEVELOPMENT. THE STUDY AREA IS COVERED BY 3D SEISMIC DATA AND 12 WELLS WITH A COMPLETE SET OF ELASTIC LOGS, PROVIDING THE BASIS FOR QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS
ALONG THE QUINTUCO-VACA MUERTA RESERVOIR SECTION, A COMPLEX UPPER JURASSIC TO LOWER CRETACEOUS MIXED CARBONATE-SILICICLASTIC SYSTEM.

A SUMMARY OF THE WORK PERFORMED WITH REFERENCE TO ROCK PROPERTIES AND ROCK PHYSICS OVER A PARTICULAR LAYER IS USED AS AN EXAMPLE IN THIS PAPER.

3D SEISMIC DATA WAS REPROCESSED FOLLOWING A WORKFLOW TAILORED TOWARDS QI TO PRESERVE RELATIVE AMPLITUDES AND STABLE PHASE ACROSS THE ENTIRE SURVEY. SENSITIVITIES FOR INCIDENT ANGLES WERE
PERFORMED DURING PROCESSING TO OBTAIN THE OPTIMAL ANGLE STACK DESIGN, FROM 10° TO 40°, AS THE INPUT FOR SIMULTANEOUS INVERSION. 12 WELLS, WITH COMPLETE ELASTIC LOG INFORMATION, WERE USED FOR
AVA WAVELET ESTIMATION AND LOW FREQUENCY MODEL CONSTRUCTION. A FOUR COMPONENT MULTI-MINERAL PETROPHYSICAL MODEL WAS CALIBRATED WITH NEUTRON INDUCED ELEMENTAL SPECTROSCOPY TOOLS
AND XRD CORE DATA. POROSITY AND HYDROCARBON SATURATION WERE AFTERWARDS CALCULATED AND CALIBRATED WITH NMR DATA.

ROCK PHYSICS DIAGNOSTICS WERE CONDUCTED TO FIND A MODEL THAT CORRECTLY REPRESENTS THE ELASTIC BEHAVIOR OF THE ROCKS IN THE STUDY AREA. THE FRIABLE SHALE ROCK PHYSICS MODEL, A MODIFIED VERSION
OF DVORKIN & NUR’S FRIABLE SAND MODEL (DVORKIN AND NUR, 1996), IS DESIGNED WITH THE ABILITY TO CONSIDER DIFFERENT, INCLUDING CLAY RICH, MINERAL COMBINATIONS AND THEIR VARIABILITY WITH RESPECT TO
INTERNAL ROCK STIFFNESS. THIS MAKES IT A VERSATILE ROCK PHYSICS MODEL FOR USE IN UNCONVENTIONAL SETTINGS.

A FINE-TUNED POROSITY-BASED PARAMETRIC ROCK PHYSICS TEMPLATE WAS DEFINED IN THE P AND S IMPEDANCE ELASTIC DOMAIN. THE USE OF THIS ROCK PHYSICS MODEL WAS CRUCIAL TO CLASSIFY SEISMIC INVERSION
RESULTS INTO ELASTIC FACIES AND, FINALLY, TO DEFINE POTENTIAL AREAS FOR FURTHER DEVELOPMENT.

1- OBJECTIVES AND WORKFLOW 2- CASE STUDY: LOCATION AND GEOLOGY

ESTABLISH RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN TIME STRUCTURE MAP – BASE VACA MUERTA
ROCK PROPERTIES AND THEIR ELASTIC RESPONSE 2500000 2510000 2520000

6715000
NEUQUÉN BASIN
USING ROCK PHYSICS FOR RESERVOIR CHARACTERIZATION TWT (MS) 2 KM
W1 W2
TO DELINEATE AREAS FOR FURTHER DEVELOPMENT ARGENTINA 1100 W3
W4
W5

6710000
CASE
1300 W6
QUANTITATIVE INTERPRETATION ULTIMATE GOAL: STUDY

QUANTIFICATION AND CALIBRATION OF SEISMIC AMPLITUDES

1500
TO ROCK PROPERTIES FOR RESERVOIR CHARACTERIZATION
200 KM
WELLS AVAILABLE CORE (53M) SEISMIC TRAVERSE ALONG WELLS AS EXAMPLE

STRATIGRAPHY
GEOLOGY DATA AVAILABILITY
STRUCTURAL AND STRATIGRAPHIC FRAMEWORK 3D SEISMIC DATA REPROCESSED FOLLOWING A
BASIN MODELING WORKFLOW TAILORED TOWARDS QI INCLUDING
PETROLOGY, CORE ANALYSIS ANGLE STACK, FROM 10° TO 40 ° FOR
MINERALOGY SIMULTANEOUS INVERSION
12 WELLS, WITH COMPLETE SET OF ELASTIC LOGS
Modified from Howell et al, 2005

QI PETROPHYSICS QI GEOPHYSICS 1 CORE (53M) OVER INTERVAL OF INTEREST

AOI

WELL DATA CONDITIONING SEISMIC DATA CONDITIONING

MULTI MINERAL MODELING GEOPHYSICAL INTERPRETATION
ROCK AND FLUID PROPERTIES SEISMIC INVERSION OBJECTIVE RESERVOIR:
FLUID SUBSTITUTION SEISMIC CHARACTERIZATION UPPER JURASSIC LOWER CRETACEOUS
ROCK PHYSICS QI INTERPRETATION QUINTUCO VACA MUERTA
SILICICLASTIC CARBONATE SYSTEM

3- STRATIGRAPHIC FRAMEWORK
SEQUENCE REGIONAL
TWT
P IMPEDANCE (BAND PASS)
TVDSS-TWT MINERAL FLUID GR VP VS AC. SEISMIC& ACOUSTIC STRATIGRAPHY SEISMIC
(MS) W1 W2 W3 W4 W5 W6
(M) (MS) MODEL MODEL IMP. SYNTHETIC ZONES FRAMEWORK HORIZONS
1100-
LOW REGIONAL 3RD
LOW FREQUENCY FREQUENCY HORIZON ORDER
VII (Delta)
7 ACOUSTIC VII
VI VI
IMPEDANCE
SISTEMA VACA MUERTA -

6 V (g/cm3*m/s)
IV - 2000
1200- V
1000-1174-
IV
5
QUINTUCO

III III

4 -0 1300-
1200-1258-

II
3 II
2
1 - -2000
I I

TVDSS-TWT SEISMIC AI SEISMIC HORIZONS SEQUENCE

TWT
(MS)
DETAILED SEISMIC INTERPRETATION
(M) (MS) DETAILED FOR QI REGIONAL STRATIGRAPHY
LOW
FREQUENCY
INTEGRATION OF 1100-
LOW REGIONAL 3RD
VII
SEISMIC INTERPRETATION AND FREQUENCY HORIZON ORDER
SISTEMA VACA MUERTA - QUINTUCO

VI VII
V SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY VI
IV FRAMEWORK AT DIFFERENT SCALES 1200- V
1200-1025- IV
III DETAILED SEISMIC INTERPRETATION III

A FOR QI PERFORMED IN AREA OF

INTEREST TO DEFINE ZONES FOR 1300-

B II
C
II ROCK PHYSICS ANALYSIS
1360-1370-
D
SEVEN ACOUSTIC ZONES IDENTIFIED
I
J I
APPLYING ROCK PHYSICS TOWARDS SEISMIC CHARACTERIZATION: CASE STUDY

2 FROM AN UNCONVENTIONAL RESOURCE, NEUQUÉN BASIN ARGENTINA

Teresa Santana*, R. Weger**, Silvana Gandi*, Alejandro D´Odorico*, Ariel Kautyian*
* Gerencia de Subsuelo E&P YPF S.A. (teresa.santana@ypf.com))
AAPG ACE, CALGARY - JUNE2016 ** Center for Carbonate Research CSL, University of Miami USA (rweger@rsmas.miami.edu)

4- PETROPHYSICAL MODEL TOC USING QUINN PASSEY´S METHODOLOGY

MULTI MINERAL MODEL
𝑹𝑻
𝑻𝑶𝑪 = 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟏𝟎 + 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐 . (∆𝒕 − ∆𝒕𝒃𝒍 ) . 𝟏𝟎(𝟐.𝟐𝟗𝟕−𝟎.𝟏𝟔𝟖𝟖 .𝑳𝑶𝑴)
𝑹𝒃𝒍

THREE-COMPONENT MULTIMINERAL MODEL INCLUDES

CARBONATES, CLASTICS (QZ + PLAG + FK) AND CLAYS
MINERAL VOLUME FRACTIONS MATCH
ELEMENTAL CAPTURE SPECTROSCOPY LOG TRENDS
TOC IS CALCULATED INDEPENDENTLY THROUGH
PASSEY´S EQUATION AND CALIBRATED AGAINST CORE
MEASURED TOC
MODEL TOTAL POROSITY FITS NMR TOTAL POROSITY

ACOUSTIC PROPERTIES
CALIBRATION

5000
GASSMANN FLUID SUBSTITUTION

VP (m/s)
VMsoft1
1 LIMITED CORE DATA IS AVAILABLE RP 4

4000
VMsoft2
3
0.9 RP 3
OCOhard2
5
AboveQCO
ABOVE AOI FOR CALIBRATION CORE

REASONABLE VALUES OF KDRY/KMIN,

2.5 2.7
0.7 DENSITY (g/cm3)

WITH RESPECT TO PHYSICALLY POSSIBLE RP 4

140000
Kdry / Kmin

RP 3
ACOUSTIC IMPEDANCE

VALUES AND GEOLOGICALLY

14000
0.5

ACOUSTIC IMPEDANCE
CORE

((g/cm3)/(m/s))
((g/cm3)/(m/s))

APPROPRIATE VALUES FOR DIFFERENT

0.3
TYPES OF ROCKS IS OBTAINED FROM
RP 4
DIFFERENT STRATIGRAPHIC SECTIONS
10000

10000
RP 3
0.1
CORE

0.1 0.2 0.3 6000 7000 0.05 0.1

Porosity SHEAR IMPEDANCE POROSITY (%)
((g/cm3)/(m/s))

5- END MEMBERS AND TREND ANALYSIS 6

14
AI ((g/cm3)/(km/s))

5.5 13
VP (km/s)

CARBONATE 12
5
DOMINATED
Carbonates

CARBONATE 11
4.5
DOMINATED
10
5000
5000

Sands SAND 4
DOMINATED 9
VP (m/s)

VP (m/s)

SAND 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7

DOMINATED POROSITY (unitless) DENSITY (g/cm3)
4000
4000

0 ACOUSTIC
High TOC CLAY 2.7 0.1 0.9 ZONES
DENSITY (g/cm3)

DOMINATED 0.2 0.8

7
0.3 0.7
High Clay 2.6 6
0.4 0.6
CLAY 5
DOMINATED  TOC  TOC 0.5 0.5
0.6 0.4 4
2.4 2.6 2.8 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.5
0.7 0.3 3
DENSITY (kg/cm3) VP / VS (unitless)
0.8 0.2 2
2.4 0.9 0.1 1
0
VELOCITY-DENSITY CROSS PLOT SHOWS CLEAR SEPARATION BETWEEN LIMESTONES, 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9
LIMESTONE
POROSITY (unitless)
SANDSTONES, CLAYS AND HIGH TOC INTERVALS
SEVERAL ZONES OVELAY IN THE ELASTIC DOMAIN
IN ADDITION TO DENSITY, VP/VS RATIO CAN BE USED TO DISTINGUISH HIGH FROM LOW TOC
ZONES WILL BE REGROUPED FOR RP ANALYSIS
IN CLAY RICH INTERVALS

CROSS PLOT SHOWING MAIN

6000

2.7 TREND LINES, LIME-CLAY

MIXING, LIME-SAND MIXING,
DENSITY BBRINE

2.6 LOWER VACA MUERTA SHOW A AND HIGH TOC, DEFINED

CLEAR TOC RICH TREND AND A THROUGH ENDMEMBER
(g/cm3)

2.5 FAIRLY STABLE 30/30/30 CLAY, ANALYSIS IN THE AREA

5000

LIMESTONE, AND SANDSTONE

2.4
VP (m/s)

DISTRIBUTION
IN CONTRAST, UPPER VACA MUERTA
4 5 6
VP BRINE EXHIBIT A TREND CHANGE
4000

0.1 0.9
A- Clean Lime (Vlime >89%)
0.2 0.8 (km/s) FOLLOWING THE LIME-CLAY MIXING B- Clean Sand (Vclay = 0 and Vsand > 61%)
0.7
0.3
0.4 0.6
Upper Vaca Muerta
Lower Vaca Muerta
LINE CHARACTERISTIC IN THIS AREA C- High TOC (Vtoc > 4.8%)
D- High Clay-Sand (Vclay > 50% and Vlime = 0)
0.5 Mavko Lime
0.6
0.5
0.4 Gardner Sand ACOUSTIC PROPERTIES CHANGE E- High Clay-Lime (Vclay > 50% and Vsand = 0)
Lime-Sand trend
Gardner Shale
0.7 0.3
0.2 Lime-Sand trend Study area
DRIVEN BY AN INCREASE OF LIME Lime-Clay trend
0.8 High TOC trend
0.9 0.1
Lime-Clay trend Study area
High TOC trend Study area
VOLUME TO UP TO 70%
0
2.5

3.0

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9

LIMESTONE DENSITY (g/cm3)
APPLYING ROCK PHYSICS TOWARDS SEISMIC CHARACTERIZATION: CASE STUDY

3 FROM AN UNCONVENTIONAL RESOURCE, NEUQUÉN BASIN ARGENTINA

Teresa Santana*, R. Weger**, Silvana Gandi*, Alejandro D´Odorico*, Ariel Kautyian*
* Gerencia de Subsuelo E&P YPF S.A. (teresa.santana@ypf.com))
AAPG ACE, CALGARY - JUNE2016 ** Center for Carbonate Research CSL, University of Miami USA (rweger@rsmas.miami.edu)

6- ROCK PHYSICS MODELING ADJUSTING PARAMETERS

SELECTING THE ROCK PHYSICS MODEL CRITICAL POROSITY AND COORDINATION NUMBER SENSITIVITY

6000

6000
FRIABLE SHALE MODEL

VP (M/S)
5000

VP (M/S)
5000
FRIABLE SHALE MODEL IS A MODIFIED VERSION OF THE FRIABLE SAND
MODEL (AVSETH ET AL, 2005) WITH THE ABILITY TO CONSIDER DIFFERENT,

4000

4000
INCLUDING CLAY RICH, MINERAL COMBINATIONS AND THEIR VARIABILITY
WITH RESPECT TO INTERNAL ROCK STIFFNESS 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2
POROSITY (FRAC) POROSITY (FRAC)

THIS MODEL OPERATES AS A TWO COMPONENT MINERAL SYSTEM IN >COORDINATION NUMBER, STIFFER ROCK
WHICH MATERIALS OF DIFFERENT GRAIN SIZE AND DIFFERENT MINERALOGY FROM A GEOLOGICAL POINT OF VIEW,
COORDINATION NUMBERS (CN) CAN BE INTERPRETED AS VARIATION IN PORE
CAN BE MIXED
COMPLEXITY OR
INDIVIDUAL COMPONENTS CAN BE SUBSTITUTED BY VIRTUALLY ANY THE DEGREES OF LAMINATIONS AND/OR FINE LAYERING INDICATING VARIABILITY IN
ROCK STIFFNESS/FRIABILITY PRESENT IN THE ROCK
APPROPRIATE DESCRIPTION OF MODULI AND DENSITY

FRIABLE SAND MODEL 7-FINAL LAYERS IN STUDY AREA

TVDSS-TWT SEISMIC AI ROCK PHYSICS MODEL SEQUENCE SEISMIC
EFFECTIVE PRESSURE, (M) (MS) PER STRATIGRAPHIC UNIT STRATIGRAPHY HORIZONS
LOW
FLUID SATURATION, AND FREQUENCY
VII
MINERAL COMPOSITION
SISTEMA VACA MUERTA - QUINTUCO

VI
ARE HELD CONSTANT, 4 V FOUR ZONES WERE
WHILE CRITICAL IV
DEFINED WITHIN
POROSITY, 1200-1025-
INTERVAL OF
COORDINATION NUMBER III INTEREST BY
3
AND SHEAR REDUCTION COMBINING LAYERS
FACTOR ARE OPTIMIZED WITH
USING 2 SIMILAR ELASTIC
FORWARD & REVERSE PROPERTIES
1 II
MODELING
ELASTIC MODULUS INCREASES SLIGHTLY WITH 2
DETERIORATING SORTING AND ASSOCIATED 1360-1370- 1 I

8- ROCK PHYSIC MODEL APPLICATION (EXAMPLE)

8000

VLIME VCLAY VSAND

OIL
ACOUSTIC IMPEDANCE

SHEAR IMPEDANCE
14000

6000
((g/cm3)/(m/s))

SHEAR IMPEDANCE
((g/cm3)/(m/s))

7000
((g/cm3)/(m/s))

BRINE
6000
5000
12000

SOFT
5000

7000 8000 7000 8000 7000 8000 9000 10000 11000

SHEAR IMPEDANCE ACOUSTIC IMPEDANCE 10000 12000 14000
((g/cm3)/(m/s)) ((g/cm3)/(m/s)) ACOUSTIC IMPEDANCE
((g/cm3)/(m/s))

NINE AREAS DEFINED IN TERMS OF VARYING POROSITY AND ROCK STIFFNESS

IN THE ACOUSTIC AND SHEAR IMPEDANCES DOMAIN
BULK MODULUS

K1
EFFECTIVE

K0 MU0 DENSITY
QUARTZ 48 28 2.65
CALCITE 73 30 2.73 SOFTER
DRY CLAY 66 25 2.85
STIFFER
SHEAR IMPEDANCE

6000

K2
((g/cm3)/(m/s))

VOLUME FRACTION
MATERIAL 2
VOIGT PHI=5%
CLAY = 15%
5500

VOIGT-REUSS AVERAGE (50/50) PHI=6%

REUSS K0 MU0 DENSITY
CLAY + QUARTZ 50.37 27.53 2.68 PHI=7%
CLAY + CALCITE 67.00 27.38 2.75 PHI=8%
PHI=10%PHI=9%
10000 11000 12000
THE MODEL ASSUMES THAT ONE ENDMEMBER IS DEFINED AS A ACOUSTIC IMPEDANCE
MINERAL UNDER EFFECTIVE PRESSURE CONDITIONS, AND THE ((g/cm3)/(m/s))
OTHER ENDMEMBER IS DETERMINED BY THE
MINERAL MODULI OF A SECOND MATERIAL AT ZERO POROSITY RPT IS SUPERIMPOSED ON THE BACKUS FILTERED BRINE SUBSTITUTED LOG
AT THE HASHIN-SHTRIKMAN LOWER BOUND (AVSETH ET AL. 2005) VALUES OF ACOUSTIC AND SHEAR IMPEDANCES
APPLYING ROCK PHYSICS TOWARDS SEISMIC CHARACTERIZATION: CASE STUDY

4 FROM AN UNCONVENTIONAL RESOURCE, NEUQUÉN BASIN ARGENTINA

Teresa Santana*, R. Weger**, Silvana Gandi*, Alejandro D´Odorico*, Ariel Kautyian*
* Gerencia de Subsuelo E&P YPF S.A. (teresa.santana@ypf.com))
AAPG ACE, CALGARY - JUNE2016 ** Center for Carbonate Research CSL, University of Miami USA (rweger@rsmas.miami.edu)

9- ROCK PHYSICS MODELING APPLICATION TO SEISMIC DATA (EXAMPLE)

SEISMIC INVERSION UNCERTAINTIES

LITHO TYPES
ACOUSTIC IMPEDANCE, IN-SITU LOG

SHEAR IMPEDANCE
SHEAR IMPEDANCE, IN-SITU LOG

7000
7,000

((g/cm3)/(m/s))
12,000

((g/cm3)/(m/s))
((g/cm3)/(m/s))

6000
MODEL BASED,
“LITHO-TYPES” IN
10,000

FORM OF WELL LOGS

5000
5,000

+/- 300
+/- 500 VMsoft1 WERE OBTAIN BY
VMhard1 APPLYING THE
VMsoft2
FRIABLE-SHALE MODEL
10,000 12,000 5,000 8000 10000 12000
7,000 TO BRINE SUBSTITUTED
ACOUSTIC IMPEDANCE, SEISMIC INVERSION SHEAR IMPEDANCE, SEISMIC INVERSION AI-SI WELL DATA ACOUSTIC IMPEDANCE
((g/cm3)/(m/s)) ((g/cm3)/(m/s)) ((g/cm3)/(m/s))

ACCEPTABLE DISPERSION IN THE CORRELATION BETWEEN INVERTED SEISMIC AND WELL LOG IS
OBSERVED IN ORDER TO CLASSIFY INVERSION DATA USING THE PROPOSED ROCK PHYSICS MODEL
UPSCALING
BAYESIAN CLASSIFICATION MOST PROBABLE CLASSIFICATION – HORIZON SLICE

W1 W2 W3 1KM
FOUR “LITHO-TYPES”
SHEAR IMPEDANCE

W4
((g/cm3)/(m/s))

W5

RP MODEL ZONE 1
6000

W6 DEFINED
-HIGH AND LOW POROSITY
5000

(CUTOFF AT 9%)
8000 9000 10000 11000 12000
ACOUSTIC IMPEDANCE
((g/cm3)/(m/s))
-HIGH AND LOW ROCK
STIFFNESS
WELLS CORE SEISMIC TRAVERSE ALONG WELLS AS EXAMPLE
(CUT OFF AT CN 30)

UNCLASSIFIDED

W5 W6 HIGH POROSITY, STIFF

W1 W2 W3 W4
BAYESIAN CLASIFFICATION HIGH POROSITY, SOFT
TIME (MS)

1360 LOW POROSITY, STIFF

1400
ACOUSTIC IMPEDANCE
LOW POROSITY, SOFT IDENTIFICATION OF FOUR AREAS WITH
VARIOUS RESERVOIR PROPERTIES
ACOUSTIC SHEAR (HIGH-LOW POROSITY, HIGH-LOW STIFFNESS)
TIME (MS)

1360
IMPEDANCE IMPEDANCE
WERE IDENTIFIED AFTER APPLYING THE
1400
SHEAR IMPEDANCE
14000 7000 PROPOSED ROCK PHYSICS TEMPLATE (RPT)
NO PRODUCTION DATA IS YET AVAILABLE
TIME (MS)

1360
10000 5000 TO CALIBRATE THE RESULTS
1400

10- CONCLUSIONS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

WE WOULD LIKE TO THANK YPF S.A. FOR THE PERMISSION TO PRESENT THIS WORK.
 THE FRIABLE SHALE ROCK PHYSICS MODEL, A MODIFIED VERSION OF DVORKIN & NUR’S FRIABLE SPECIAL THANKS TO OUR COLLEAGUE G. GODINO FOR THE REVIEW OF SOME FIGURES
SAND MODEL (DVORKIN AND NUR, 1996) WAS SELECTED AND USED FOR THE PRESENT WORK. THE
MODEL HAS THE ABILITY TO CONSIDER DIFFERENT, INCLUDING CLAY RICH, MINERAL
COMBINATIONS AND THEIR VARIABILITY WITH RESPECT TO INTERNAL ROCK STIFFNESS. REFERENCES
AVSETH P., MUKERJI T., MAVKO G., [2005] QUANTITATIVE SEISMIC INTERPRETATION:
 THIS MODEL DESCRIBES MORE THAN 80% OF DATA FOR THE QUINTUCO VACA MUERTA SYSTEM IN APPLYING ROCK PHYSICS TOOLS TO REDUCE INTERPRETATION RISK, CHAPTER 2 ROCK
THE STUDY AREA. PHYSICS INTERPRETATION OF TEXTURE, LITHOLOGY AND COMPACTION, CAMBRIDGE
UNIVERSITY PRESS, 48-110

 THE PROPOSED RPT, BASED ON QUALITY CONTROLLED WELL LOG DATA AND CALIBRATED ROCK AVSETH P., MUKERJI T., MAVKO G., DVORKIN J., [2010] ROCK-PHYSICS DIAGNOSTICS OF
PHYSICS MODELING CAN BE USED FOR QUICK IDENTIFICATION OF RESERVOIR PROPERTIES, SUCH DEPOSITIONAL TEXTURE, DIAGENETIC ALTERATIONS, AND RESERVOIR HETEREOGENEITY
AS POROSITY, ON SEISMIC INVERSION CROSS PLOTS (P. AVSETH ET AL, 2014). IN HIGH-POROSITY SILICICLASTIC SEDIMENTS AND ROCKS. A REVIEW OF SELECTED
MODELS AND SUGGESTED WORK FLOWS, GEOPHYSICS VOL.75, NO.5, 75A31-75A47

 THE APPLICATION OF THE RESULTING RPT INCLUDING PARAMETERS ADJUSTMENTS FOR A AVSETH P., VEGGELAND T., HORN F., [2014] SEISMIC SCREENING FOR HYDROCARBON
PARTICULAR LAYER IS SHOWNS AS EXAMPLE. PROSPECTS USING ROCK-PHYSICS ATTRIBUTE, THE LEADING EDGE, SPECIAL SECTION:
ROCK PHYSICS, 266-274

 FACIES DEFINITION IN THE ELASTIC DOMAINS, BASED IN WELL LOG DATA AND ROCK PHYSICS DVORKIN J., GUTIERREZ M., GRANA M., [2014] SEISMIC REFLECTIONS OF ROCK
TEMPLATES, ARE CRUCIAL TO CLASSIFY SEISMIC INVERSION RESULTS. LITHO-TYPES WERE PROPERTIES, CHAPTER 3 ROCK PHYSICS DIAGNOSTICS, 43-49
DEFINED AND RPT APPLIED TO A PARTICULAR LAYER. DVORKIN, J., AND NUR, A., [1996] ELASTICITY OF HIGH-POROSITY SANDSTONES: THEORY
FOR TWO NORTH SEA DATASETS, GEOPHYSICS, 61, 1363-1370.
 THE PROPOSED FINE-TUNED POROSITY-BASED ROCK PHYSICS TEMPLATE DEFINED IN THE P
MAVKO G., MUKERJI T., DVORKIN J., [2009] THE ROCK PHYSICS HANDBOOK. TOOLS FOR
AND S IMPEDANCE ELASTIC DOMAIN CAN BE USED TO DEFINE FACIES AND THEIR SEISMIC ANALYSIS OF POROUS MEDIA, CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS
PROBABILITIES USING A CLASSIFICATION TECHNIQUE, BASED IN A BAYESIAN FORMULATION,
WITH THE ULTIMATE GOAL OF DEFINING POTENTIAL AREAS FOR FURTHER DEVELOPMENT SANTANA T., GIUNTA D., KAUTYIAN A. [2010] BRIDGING THE GAP BETWEEN SEISMIC
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