CHAPTER VI.

Design OUTLET WORKS

47. GENERAL. River outlets having a capacity of allow for movement in three directions, were designed
15,000 cubic feet per second with the reservoir at for the outlet pipes where they leave the dam. These
elevation 3490, which is the minimum water surface joints accommodate the movements of the dam when
for power operation, were installed in the dam near the the dam is fully loaded (fig. 113).
left abutment. The river outlets provide for releases for
downstream commitments when the powerplant is not Since the powerplant structure occupies the entire
in operation and during the period of final closure of bottom of the canyon from abutment to abutment, it
the diversion tunnels. The outlets will also be used to was necessary to locate the outlets in the mass concrete
maximum capacity during maximum flood releases. beneath the service bay and machine shop as they leave
The centerline of the intake is at elevation 3374 which the dam. In this area, they were set two above each
is about 30 feet above the estimated 100-year silt level other at minimum spacing. Beyond the machine shop
in the reservoir. the outlets were encased in concrete and located below
the powerplant parking area. The hollow-jet regulating
The outlet works consists of four 96-inch-diameter valves are located about 700 feet downstream from the
steel pipes with cast iron bellmouth intakes, hollow-jet axis of the dam. In this area, the outlet pipes are spread
valves for regulation, and ring-follower gates for apart and are all brought to elevation 3175. The layout
emergency closure. A bulkhead gate, which operates of the downstream end of the river outlets is shown on
under balanced head, is provided at the upstream face figure 114. The location of the valves and their
of the dam to provide access for servicing the operation were studied in a hydraulic model.'
ring-follower gates. A reinforced concrete trashrack
structure with structural steel bars protects the 49. STRUCTURAL DESIGN. (a) General.-The
entrance. The location of the outlet works is shown on design of the river outlets was based on concrete having
figures 109 and 110. a compressive strength of 3,000 pounds per square inch
at 28 days for structural concrete and 2,500 pounds
To avoid excessive velocities in the outlet pipes, a per square inch at 28 days for mass concrete.
criterion was established limiting the maximum
discharge of each outlet pipe to 3,750 cubic feet per The allowable working stresses are shown on figure
second except in cases of emergency. Discharge curves 71, except that the allowable stress in the
are shown on figure 111. reinforcement around the pipes in the dam was
increased to 25,000 pounds per square inch.
48. SELECTION OF LOCATION. The best
arrangement for the outlets in the dam was found to be ( b ) Trashrack Structures.-The concrete
two parallel outlets in each of two 60-foot-wide blocks. trashrack structures (fig. 115) were designed for a
The centerline distance between the outlets in the dam, differential waterload of 20 feet, temperature effects,
15 feet 7 inches, was dictated by the required clearance and dead load.
for the bulkhead gate frame metalwork around the
bellmouth intake. The minimum distance between the ( c ) O u t l e t Pipes.-The reinforcement
centerlines of the outlets and the radial contraction requirements around the outlets and in the surrounding
joints in the dam was set at 1-112 outlet diameters. mass concrete were as follows (fig. 110):
Radii of bends are 4 diameters except where lack of
space required using a bend of 3 diameters. (1) Bellmouth casting at intake. It was
assumed that the casting could take no tensile stress;
The ring-follower gates are located in a chamber therefore the opening was reinforced for the total
(fig. 112) in the dam 60 feet downstream from the face tensile forces due to dam stresses, internal bursting
of the dam. To facilitate installation of the gates, pressure, and temperature effects.
blockouts were provided in the gate chamber floor. A
vertical shaft from the chamber to the roadway at the (2) From the downstream end of the
top of the dam was provided for removing gate parts bellmouth intake to the upstream edge of the
for servicing. Special expansion joints in vaults, to r i n g - f o llower gate blockout and from the

'"Hydraulic Model Studies of the Spillways and Outlet Works-Glen Canyon Dam." Hydraulic Laboratory Report
No. 469, Bureau of Reclamation, February 18, 1964 (unpublished).
DESIGN
OUTLET WORKS
OUTLET WORKS
 DESIGN
Ill
 .suo!iaas pue ~ e l d - i ~ e l d ~ pue
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~
N - N NOIJ.33S
d - d NOIJ.13.S
1 l- W - W NOIJ.33.S
H-H NOIJ.33.S
OUTLET WORKS
 SECTION M-A4

- -.
Il l 11111 HALF SECTION F - F
F L r n ?L.W r .
HALF SECTION E - E
."..U ,"AcCD

Figure 115.-River outlets trashrack structure-Plans and sections.

OUTLET WORKS

downstream edge of the ring-follower gate blockout the guides embedded in the upstream face of the dam.
to a point 40 feet upstream from the upstream edge The lifting frame is attached to the gantry crane on the
of the expansion joint vault, the outlets were top of the dam. The maximum travel of the gate in the
reinforced for tensile forces due to dam stresses and guides i s approximately 355 feet.
temperature effects.
The gate consists of a skinplate supported on
(3) From a point 40 feet upstream from the horizontal wide-flange beams which are connected to
upstream face of the expansion joint vault to the vertical end beams along the sides of the gate. The
upstream face of the expansion joint vault, the hydraulic force on the skinplate is transmitted to the
outlets were reinforced for tensile stresses due to horizontal beams and the reactions are carried through
dam stresses, internal bursting pressures, and the vertical end beams to the seats embedded in the
temperature effects. The outer face of the upstream face of the dam. The gate i s operated only
surrounding mass downstream from the downstream under balanced pressure.
face of the dam was also reinforced to further
control surface cracking. Double-stem rubber seals are mounted on the
downstream side of the skinplate and contact the
(4) From the downstream face of the embedded seal seats when the gate is in the lowered
expansion joint vaults to the downstream end of the position. The water pressure on the upstream side of
machine shop (m-line), the outlets were reinforced the seals provides effective contact with the seats
for tensile forces due to internal bursting pressure preventing leakage into the river outlet conduit. Lateral
and for unbalanced forces in the pipe bends. movement of the gate is controlled by means of guide
shoes mounted at the four corners of the gate. The
The outer face of the surrounding mass shoes engage the guides along the upstream face of the
concrete was also reinforced in order to control dam.
surface cracking.
The estimated movable weight of the gate is 38,000
(5) From the downstream end of the machine pounds. The estimated weight of the gate frames and
shop to the hollow-jet valves, the outlets were anchorage for the four river outlets is 153,500 pounds.
reinforced for tensile forces due t o internal bursting,
truck and trailer loads, and unbalanced forces in the The gate was designed for a head of 343 feet. The
pipe bends. The outer face of the surrounding mass design was based on the following allowable unit
concrete was also reinforced in order to control stresses in pounds per square inch:
surface cracking.
Combined longitudinal and trans-
The second-stage concrete around the verse stresses in skinplate . . . . . . . . . 20,000
ring-follower gates was reinforced for tensile forces due Tension in extreme fibers of mem-
to internal bursting pressure within the gate frames and bers subjected to bending . . . . . . . . 15,000
bonnets. Compression in extreme fibers of
members subjected to bending . . . . . 14,000
50. 10.33- B Y 10.33-FOOT BULKHEAD Shear on gross area webs . . . . . . . . . . . 9,500
GATE. (a) Description.--The bulkhead gate i s used Shear on rivets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,500
for emergency closure of the four river outlets as Shear on ribbed bolts . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,000
shown on figure 116. When not in use, the gate is Bearing on ribbed bolts and rivets . . . . . 23,000
stored on the erection and storage platform at the top
of the dam. The gate was manufactured by Johnson 51. 96-INCH RING-FOLLOWER GATES AND
Machine Works, Chariton, Iowa, under invitation No. CONTROLS. (a) Description.-Four ring-follower
DS-5493. The frames were manufactured by Steward gates and two sets of controls are provided for normal
Machine Co., Birmingham, Ala., and the anchor bolts closure of the river outlets when the hollow-jet valves
by Fulton Shipyard, Antioch, Calif., under invitation are not in use and for emergency closure under full
NO.DS-5370. flow if the hollow-jet valves should become inoperable.
Ring-follower gates were selected because of the
(b) Design.-The design head is 343 feet with absence of any obstruction in the fluidway of the
maximum water surface at elevation 3711.00. A lifting high-velocity flow. The ring-follower gates (fig. 117)
frame is connected to the gate for the raising and were manufactured by Goslin-Birmingham
lowering operations. The gate and lifting frame slide in Manufacturing Co., Inc., under invitation No. DS-5269.
 DESIGN
miÂ
6-:
Is,
$2;
 DESIGN

The controls were manufactured by Kendo, Inc., under (c) Design Stresses.-
invitation No. DS-5498.
(1) Tension. -The allowable design stresses in
The ring-follower gates and controls are located tension for the following materials were based on
upstream from the hollow-jet valves, near the axis of the yield point or the ultimate strength of the
the dam, in the ring-follower gate chambers as shown material. The smaller of the tabulated values was
on figure 118. A set of controls is located adjacent to used in each instance.
each pair of ring-follower gates as shown on figure 119.
Percent of
( 1) Ring-follower gate.-The ring-follower Percent of ultimate
gate is of cast and welded steel construction and Material yield point tensile
consists basically of a body, a leaf, and a hydraulic strength
hoist which is an integral part of the gate. The gate
is of the slide type with a leaf made to include a
follower ring having a circular opening equal to the Steel Rolled or
diameter of the pipe to provide an unobstructed forged
water passage when the leaf i s in the open position Bolt Rolled or
as shown on figure 120. The hoist has a steel forged
27-inch-diameter cylinder and a travel of 8 feet 8 Cast Castings
inches. A direct-reading position indicator is located steel
adjacent to the hoist cylinder. The estimated weight Brass or Rolled or
of each ring-follower gate i s 140,000 pounds. bronze cast

(2) Controls.-Each control cabinet is of steel ( 2 ) Compression.-The allowable design

construction and encloses the control system for stresses in compression used for the materials listed
two ring-follower gates as shown on figure 121. A above were the same as for tension.
110-gallon oil supply tank is located on top of each
control cabinet to keep the minimum oil level above (3) Shear.-Allowable design stresses in shear
the gate cylinders. An oil-level gage is located on were not more than 0.6 the allowable design stresses
each tank. The estimated weight of one set of in tension.
controls is 10,000 pounds.
( 4 ) Structural steel.-Allowable design
(b) Design.-The ring-follower gate was designed stresses for structural steel in tension or
to operate under a maximum reservoir head of 337 feet compression was not more than 20,000 pounds per
and a hoist oil pressure of 2,000 pounds per square square inch. In general, structural steel stresses were
inch. The hoist capacity was based on the weight of the based on the American Institute of Steel
leaf plus the sliding friction of the gate seals, using a Construction "Specifications for the Design,
friction coefficient of 0.6. Nickel-copper alloy seats Fabrication and Erection of Structural Steel for
were used on the gate body and bronze seats on the Buildings," 1961.
leaf to provide a low-friction and rust-resisting sliding
surface. The maximum waterload on the gate leaf (5) Hoist cylinders.-Allowable design stresses
produces a bearing pressure between the sliding for hoist cylinders were based on the
surfaces of the leaf and body seats of 715 pounds per recommendations of the ASME Boiler and Pressure
square inch. The piston stem was made of Vessel Code-Unfired Pressure Vessels-Section
nickel-copper alloy to prevent rusting. A hand-operated VIII.
mechanical latching device was provided on the upper
cylinder to hold the gate in the open position. 52. STEEL OUTLET PIPES. (a) Description-
Four outlet pipes (figs. 122 and 123) are provided to
pass water through the dam when the reservoir water
The equipment in each control cabinet consists surface is below penstock intakes, and to supplement
of two oil pumps, each having a capacity of turbine and/or spillway discharge when required for
approximately 10-112 gallons per minute when flood control. The outlet pipes were installed under
pumping oil at 2,000 pounds per square inch; two specifications No. DC-4825. Fabrication was
15-horsepower, 440-volt, 3-phase, 60-cycle electric performed under invitation No. DS-5052.
motors; connecting piping, and hydraulic and electric
controls. Remote controls were not provided.
OUTLET WORKS
 LIST OF DRAWINGS
ASSEMBLY- L I S T OF DRAWINGS._____.. ... 5 5 7 - D - 1837
ASSEM8ir--SECT/W3 5 5 7 - D-1838
L15T Of PARTS - M A T E R I A L S ._.-___
- _ _ _ 557-0-1839
UPSTREAM UPPER SONNEE - - - - - .__..557-D- I840
DOWNSTREAM UPPER BONNET____ 557-D-i64l

LOWER &?NNETS .-....ã____...---- 5 5 7 - D 1842

UPSTREAM BODY, . _ _ _ ..._
_ . __
.___ ___ 5 5_7 - -Di s.
43
DOWNSTREAM BOD!'_____ __. ._._ _ _ _ _ _ 3 5 7 - D - ,844
LEAF BULKHEAD. ..__ ___. ..-_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ..55'7-D- 1845
LEAF FOLLOWER __..__557-D-/Nb
'ONNET COVER- CYLINOER-HE.A.D..___.__557-D-I847
SEATS-GUIDES- B A R S _ _ _ _ . _ . . _ . _ 557-D-1848
__._
PISTON-STEM- NUTS-GLANDS ____....... SS7-D-/84.9
INDICATOR WRT5- STUDS- DOWELS,.., ..557- D - B 5 0

REFERENCE DRAWINGS
%RING FOLLOWER GATE
INSTALLATION ._._- . ___ _ _ _.. _
___557-D-1835
HAWDUNG E W P M e M T A M s PROC£ffLfU£..357-27-/
PLATFORM ASSEMBLY - D E T A I L 5 ....... 5 5 7 - 0 -1979

DESIGN D4TA
I Hoist design pressure ( o i l ) _ _ _ _ 2mpst
. . . .
2 H o i s t c a p a c i t,y a t 1500 as., (oil!
a Opening.__. _ _ -. _ _ _ _... .
_
...__
. _..7600001bs
h C ! o f t n.
~ ..._.. ...._65?0001bs
3 Gate design pressure(mfer) -.-.._ ._ ~ $ 0
_._____. 5,
4 ~afusercapacity_ -. . - ...-- --- .- .-. ca& l k
-. NOTE- ASSEMBI? LISTOF DRAWINGS
1
'/.Concrete s u r r w n d q body and bonmts to be Gate assembly as shown for OufIets No I and3
z
m f o r c e d to carry h/drosfai-ic bod 6'67-oass connections acposifs t i a d for Oafiets No
and 4 i
Figure 120.-River outlets, 96-jnch ring-follower gate assembly.
DESIGN
Figure 122.-Dam penstocks and outlet pipes-General plan.
OUTLET WORKS

The outlet pipes have an inside diameter of 8 feet per second is about 10 feet per second faster than
feet. They begin at the downstream ends of cast iron that used in previous outlet pipe designs.
bellmouths in the upstream face of the dam at
centerline elevation 3374.0 near the left abutment. The special double-end expansion joints
Each pipe runs level for about 90 feet, then slopes previously mentioned were designed to accommodate
downward and emerges from the dam and passes calculated deflections of the dam amounting to 1-1/4
around the powerplant t o the outlet structure. Outlet inches downstream, 1 inch vertically downward, and 1
pipes No. 1 and 2 emerge from the dam at centerline inch laterally at the point where the pipes emerge from
elevation 3168.5, run level to the outlet structure and the dam. Sleeve-type couplings were designed by the
there lift to centerline elevation 3175.0. Pipes No. 3 subcontractor. R. H. Baker and Co.
and 4 emerge from the dam at centerline elevation
3179.0, run level to the outlet structure and there drop Outlet pipe sections, including expansion joints
to centerline elevation 3175.0, in line with the other and stiffener rings, were fabricated of steel plates
outlet pipes. A ring-follower gate i s installed in the first conforming to ASTM Designation A 201, grade B,
level run of each pipe. The outlet pipes terminate at firebox quality. Middle rings and sealing glands of
hollow-jet type discharge regulating valves. Each outlet sleeve-type couplings were fabricated of steels
pipe i s approximately 930 feet long. conforming to ASTM Designations A 21 2, grade B, and
A 7, respectively.
Minimum and maximum outlet pipe plate
thicknesses are 9/16 and 718 inches. The outlet pipes All permanent joints were welded, excepting
are totally embedded in dam and encasement concrete flanged connections to ring-follower gates which were
except where they are exposed at expansion joints and embedded in concrete. All girth and longitudinal welds
at hollow-jet valves. in outlet pipe shells, expansion joint inner and outer
sleeves, and sleeve-type coupling middle rings were
The outlet pipes have 6-inch gate bypass and fully radiographed in accordance with section V I I I of
filling piping systems at the ring-follower gates. These the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code at that time
systems provide complete flexibility of outlet pipe current. Code basic design working unit stresses ASTM
filling and ring-follower gate bypass for each pair of A 201 and 21 2 steels used were 15,000 and 17,500
outlet pipes. That is, pipes No. 1 and 2 may be filled pounds per square inch, respectively. Joint efficiency
from each other, and pipes No. 3 and 4 may be filled was 90 percent for both steels.
from each other; but there is no connection between
pipes No. 1 and 2 and pipes No. 3 and 4. Completed sections of outlet pipes, including
expansion joints and sleeve-type couplings, were
A teetering section with double-end expansion hydrostatically tested at pressures computed from the
joints was installed in each outlet pipe across the joint formula:
between the dam and the adjacent mass concrete.
Sleeve-type coupling joints were located at each
contraction joint in mass concrete encasements and
discharge valve structure. where:

(b) Design.-The outlet pipes were designed for P= test pressure in pounds per square
static head when the reservoir water surface is at inch,
maximum elevation 371 1.O. For design considerations
T= minimum thickness, in inches, of
no water-hammer head was superimposed on static
plate course in section tested, and
head because the outlet pipe gate and valve controls do
D= inside diameter of pipe in inches.
not operate rapidly enough to cause significant water
hammer.
A 20-inch inside-diameter manhole is located
immediately downstream from the ring-follower gate
The maximum designed discharge through each
of each outlet pipe. Another similar manhole is located
outlet pipe i s 3,750 cubic feet per second. The
in the teetering section at the joint between the dam
corresponding average velocity in the 8-foot-diameter
and adjacent mass concrete.
pipes is 74.60 feet per second. The pipe diameter was
chosen for best balance between factors representing
Outlet pipe No. 3 only has seven piezometer
desired discharge, energy dissipation, and maximum
orifice stations distributed along its entire length.
allowable velocity short of destructive cavitation and
Piezometer orifices at each station are manifolded, and
vibration. The maximum designed velocity of 74.60
 DESIGN

single 314-inch pipes lead from each manifold to An oil level gage is located on the side of each oil
terminal boxes embedded in concrete faces in the tank. The estimated weight of each control system
ring-follower gate chamber, the downstream face of the is 7,300 pounds.
dam, or the discharge valve structure. The piezometer
installation is shown on figure 124.

(c) Installation and Coating.-The outlet pipe (1) Hollow-jet valve.-The hollow-jet valve
sections were installed under the prime contract. was designed to regulate the discharge from the
Interior surfaces were coated with coal-tar primer and 96-inch outlet pipes under any head up to 536 feet.
coal-tar enamel. Exterior embedded surfaces were not The plunger capacity was based on the sliding
coated. Exterior surfaces exposed in the teetering friction of the plunger and packings, and the
section vaults were coated with phenolic-resin hydrostatic force from full reservoir head acting on
aluminum paint. the upstream face of the needle. V-type packings are
provided to minimize leakage past the plunger.
53. 96-INCH HOLLOW-JET VALVES AND Stainless steel seats are provided on both the
CONTROLS. (a) Description.-Four 96 -inch upstream body and the needle. Stainless steel
hollow-jet valves and two sets of controls are provided cladding was used on the exterior surfaces of the
at the discharge end of the river outlets to regulate the plunger to prevent rusting.
flow of water up to a maximum reservoir head of 536
feet. The hollow-jet valves were manufactured by (2) Controls. -The hydraulic controls were
Goslin-Birmingham Manufacturing Co., under designed to operate at 850 pounds per square inch
i n v i t a t i o n No. DS-5363. The controls were for closing and 500 pounds per square inch for
manufactured by the Rucker Co., under invitation No. opening. The equipment in each cabinet consists of
DS-5503. two oil pumps, each having a capacity of
approximately 24 gallons per minute when pumping
The hollow-jet valves and controls are located a t oil at 1,000 pounds per square inch; two
the discharge end of the river outlets as shown on 15-horsepower, 440*volt, 3-phase, 60-cycle electric
figures 125 and 126. A set of controls is located on a motors; connecting piping; and hydraulic and
concrete platform above and between each pair of electric controls. Remote controls were not
hollow-jet valves. provided.

(1) Hollow-jet valve.-The hollow-jet valve is (c) Design Stresses. -

of cast and welded steel construction and consists
basically of a circular body and movable concentric (1) Tensile.-The allowable design stresses in
needle which forms an annular passage and seals in tension for the following materials were based on
the entrance throat. The hollow-jet valve i s the yield point or the ultimate tensile strength of
hydraulically operated by a cylinder within the the material. The smaller of the tabulated values was
annular passage which is concentrically positioned used in each instance:
by six radial splitters as shown on figure 126. The
cylinder is 58 inches in diameter and the needle has
a travel of 33-112 inches from fully open to fully Percent of
closed position. As the valve is opened, water flows Percent of ultimate
past the periphery of the needle in the shape of a Material yield point tensile
cylindrical ring along the inside of the valve body. strength
The splitters cut the ring into sectors and the water
discharges from the valve in six separate jets. The
estimated weight of each hollow-jet valve is 135,000 Steel Rolled or
pounds. forged
Bolt Rolled or
(2) Controls.-Each control cabinet is. of steel steel forged
construction and encloses the control system for Cast Castings
two hollow-jet valves. A cable-driven dial -typea steel
position indicator, for each hollow-jet valve, is Brass or Rolled or
located on the cabinet control pane! to show the bronze cast
percentage of valve opening. Two 850-gallon oil
tanks are located adjacent to the control cabinets.
OUTLET WORKS
DESIGN
 OESI GN

Figure 127.-Downstream view of 96-inch hollow-jet valve.

186
OUTLET WORKS

( 2 ) Compression.-The allowable design Construction "Specifications for the Design,

stresses in compression used for the materials listed Fabrication, and Erection of Structural Steel for
above were the same as for tension. Buildings," 1961,

(3)Shear.-The allowable design stresses in (5) Hoist cylinder.-The allowable design

shear were not more than 0.6 the allowable design stresses for hoist cylinders were based on the
Stresses in tension. recommendations of the ASME Boiler and Pressure
Vessel Code-Unfired Pressure Vessels-Section
( 4 ) Structural steel.--Allowable design VIII.
stresses for structural steel in tension or
compression were not more than 20,000 pounds per Figure 127 shows a downstream view of the
square inch. In general, structural steel stresses were %-inch hollow-jet valve and figure 128 shows a front
based on the American institute of Steel view of the 96-inch hollow-jet valve control cabinet.

Figure 128.-Front view of 96-inch holfow-jet valve control cabinet. PS57-0-31840.

I87