Study of Logistics in India

Roads Railways Sea Air

CONSULTING
 Logistics Industry-India

India is being touted as the land of

India Logistics Industry
opportunity for logistics service
providers all over the world.

Road

Railways
The Indian logistics market represents $ 50billion
and is growing at a rate of 7 percent annually.
[source: Frost & Sullivan] Sea

Air

CONSULTING
 Environment Scan
Logistics activities

4%
6%
Features of Indian Logistics Industry

•A number of small-integrated players. 24% 39%

•Transportation costs account for nearly 40% of

production costs.
27%
•Logistics costs around 13% of GDP, compared
to 8% in the US. Transportation
Order processing
Warehousing
Administration
Inventory carrying

•Growth in Indian economy is the major driving Comparitive logistics cost

factor for the demand in logistics industry. 18

17

16
14
11.5

Logistics cost
•Chemicals, metals, FMCG, cement and textiles 12 10
11.07
have been identified as the top five contributors 10 8.7
to logistics revenues. 8
6
4
2
0
India China US Europe Japan

CONSULTING
 ROADS

CONSULTING
 Indian Road Network

• India has the second highest Types of Roads Length (km) % of Total
largest road network-3.3 million
km.

• US has the largest road network National Highways 65,569 2.00

with 6.4 million km & China- 1.8

million km. State Highways 131,899 4.00

Major District Roads 467,763 14.10

• National Highways- 2% of total
road length.
Village & Other Roads 2,650,000 79.90

• But carry 40% of goods traffic of

Total 3,315,231 100.00
India.

Source: National Highway Development Authority

CONSULTING
 Features of Indian Road Transport

•Road Network carry nearly 65% of freight and 85% of passenger traffic.

•Vehicle ownership is firmly in the hands of individual truck owners

• 67% of vehicle owners have fleets of less than five vehicles.

•Traffic on roads is growing at a rate of 7 to 10% per annum

•Government spends- 12 per cent of capital and 3 per cent of total

expenditure on roads.

CONSULTING
 Major Roads Projects

• The Golden Quadrilateral (GQ;

5,846 km) connecting the four major
cities of Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai
and Kolkata.

• The North-South and East-West

Corridors (NS-EW; 7,300 km)
connecting Srinagar in the north to
Kanyakumari in the south and
Silchar in the east to Porbandar in
the west.

• Port connectivity and other projects.

CONSULTING
 Future Road Projects

CONSULTING
 The Golden Quadrilateral

CONSULTING
 RAILWAYS

CONSULTING
 Indian Rail Logistics

•The Indian Railways boasts of being the world’s 2nd largest rail network spread over
81,511 km and covering 6896 stations.
•The freight segment accounts for roughly two thirds of railway’s revenues.
•The tonne/kilometre costs for Indian rail freight at three times that of China. [Tata Iron &
Steel].

Railw ay Freight Revenue

45000
40320
40000 36490
33480
35000
30000 26231 27646
Rs.cror

25000
20000
15000
10000
5000
0
2002-03 2003-2004 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07[E]
Years

Source: Ministry of Railways

CONSULTING
 Rail Freight Privatization
• Rail services have been liberalized.
• Reliance Industries, P&O ports, APL Logistics, Maersk, Central Warehousing Corporation
and Adani Logistics have shown interest in this sector.

Railw ay Fre ight

900
800
800
668
700 635
557
Million tonn

600 518
500
400
300
200
100
0
2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07[E]
Years

Source: Ministry of Railways

CONSULTING
 SEA

CONSULTING
 Indian Ports
• India has 12 major and 184 minor / intermediate ports spread across the vast
coastline of 7517km.

• The 12 major ports handle about 76 per cent of the traffic.

• India's West Coast ports handles almost 70% of traffic.

Total cargo handled at all ports

2004-05 518.28

2003-04 463.66

2002-03 421.85
Yea

2001-02 383.1

2000-01 368.5

1999-00 335.35

0 100 200 300 400 500 600

Car go-m illion tonne s

Source: Indian Ports Association

CONSULTING
 India’s Sea Logistics

•India now has the largest merchant

shipping fleet among the developing Indian Fleet
countries
9.00

•India ranks 17th in the world in 8.00

shipping tonnage. 7.00
6.00

Million Gross Tonnage

•Indian share of maritime transport 5.00
services is 1% of world market. 4.00
3.00

•The container traffic has registered 2.00

an impressive growth of 15 per cent 1.00
over the last five years.
0.00
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Year

CONSULTING
 Port Privatization

Traffic handled at 12 Major Ports

•Port traffic to grow to a level of
650 Million Tonnes Per Annum
by 2008- Ministry of Shipping. 450
400

•Port Privatization is picking up 350

momentum-- USD1.39 billion 300
worth projects approved.
250
Tonnes in mil ion

200
•Players ---P&O, PSA, Maersk, 150
Gammon India, CWC and the
Dubai Port Authority. 100
50

0
1994-95 1995-96 1996-97 1997-98 1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05
Years

CONSULTING Source: Indian Ports Association

 Indian Ports

Source: Indian Ports Association

CONSULTING
 AVIATION

CONSULTING
 India’s Aviation Logistics Sector

•Aviation holds a small share of

India’ s freight market. International Air cargo
•Air Freight is very expensive in
India in comparison to road and 900000
rail.
800000
700000
•The size of the world air cargo
market is estimated at 27 600000
million tonnes valued at $200 500000
billion. Cargo in tonnes
400000
300000
•India accounts for meager 3% 200000
of the global air cargo market 100000
0
•As per an expert estimate,
2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05
Indian air cargo industry is
going to be double by the year Year
2010.
Source: Airports Authority of India

CONSULTING
 India’s Aviation Logistics Sector

• Cargo- garments, machinery, Domestic Air Cargo

components, pharmaceuticals, dyes,
chemicals and perishables [fruit, 500000
vegetables, flowers, fish and meat].
400000

• Major International cargo airports- 300000

Cargo in tonnes
Mumbai, Chennai, Bangalore, Trichy, 200000
Hyderabad, Delhi, Coimbatore,
Cochin. 100000

0
• Major domestic cargo airports – 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05
Ahmedabad, Goa, Lucknow, Year
Visakhapatnam,Madurai in addition to
the above.
Source: Airports Authority of India

• 25 non-metro airports identified by

The Airports Authority of India for
further development.

CONSULTING
 India’s Aviation Growth Plans

• Investments of USD 5.07 billion over next 5

years in Indian Airport Infrastructure.

• Blue-Dart, the only dedicated freight carrier

in domestic sector.

• Air India plans to increase cargo revenue

from current 10% to 15-20% in 3yrs.

• Jet Air, GoAir, Kingfisher Airlines charting

out plans to play bigger role in Indian
domestic air cargo.

• International Airlines- Cathay Pacific and

BA increasing cargo capacity to and from
India.

Source: www.ibef.org

CONSULTING
Third Party Logistics-3PL

CONSULTING
 3 PL
• 3rd Party Logistics imply that one company acts as an agent to look after the
logistics aspect of another company or group of companies.

• 3RD party logistics entails a study of the customer’s business, supply chain
and distribution network, in order to formulate a comprehensive integrated
logistics strategy, which will help render all supply-related services from a
single window.

• India's 3PL sector represents 3 percent of the country's total logistics spend.

• The Indian 3PL market is expected to grow at around 20 percent per annum
in the next 3-5 years

• The practice in India reveals that warehousing and outbound transportation,

custom clearing and forwarding are the most frequent outsourced activities.

• Activities such as packaging, fleet management and consolidation have

started gaining attention for outsourcing.

CONSULTING
 3PL Survey in India

A survey by the Transport Corporation

of India (TCI) and the Management
Reasons for Logistics Outsourcing Development Institute (MDI) shows
• less than 55% of Indian companies
subscribe to 3PL, compared to
more than 75% globally.

• about 57% of the companies plan

to outsource reverse logistics
within the next five years.

• 54% plan to outsource inventory

management

• 53% order processing.

• more than 50% of the companies

have outsourced activities like
transportation, warehousing &
customs clearing/forwarding.
Source: TCI & MDI Survey

CONSULTING
 Growth Drivers for Logistics in India
• General growth of the Indian economy.

• Manufacturing boom- for exports as well as for domestic market.

• Expected rise in International trade from India.

• MNC’s setting up manufacturing in India- Nokia, Flextronics.

• Government’s thrust on Infrastructure -- US$17 billion to upgrade highway

networks.

• Implementation of VAT will lead to growth in warehousing business.

• Opening of organized retail sector -attracting retail chains like Wal-Mart

and Carrefour in addition to Indian players like Pantaloon and Reliance.

CONSULTING
 Government Support
The Indian government is making great efforts by
• Privatizing ports and airports.
• Increasing the number of gateway ports
• Investing in highway projects
• Streamlining customs and excise procedures
• Implementing EDI systems
• Improving the rail network.

• The government plans to invest $17 billion in transport infrastructure between 2006-
2010.

Some of the projects are:

• Amend in the National Highway Act to expedite land acquisition, permit private
financing and allow tolling.
• Improvement in rural access by launch of the Prime Minister’s Rural Roads Program.
• Reduction of congestion on rail corridors and improvement of port connectivity by
launch of National Railway Development Program.
• Upgradation of infrastructure and connectivity in the country's twelve major ports by
initiating the National Maritime Development Program.
• Establishment of Tariff Authority for Major Ports to regulate tariffs.

On a per-annum basis, United States invests 5 percent of its annual logistics spend on
infrastructure, India is investing 23 percent or over four times as much.

CONSULTING
 Industry Growth=Logistics Growth

• “Engineering goods, chemicals and gems & jewelry are the fastest-growing
sectors; manufacturing in India is expected to grow by 9.4 percent in coming
years.” says Jacques Green, Managing Director FedEx-India, Middle East &
Africa.

Auto
• Outsourcing in Auto sector could be worth $375 billion by 2015 and India
could capture up to $25 billion of this amount. [source:McKinsey]

Chemicals
• India ’s chemical exports could reach $15 billion by 2015. [source :
McKinsey].

Electrical and Electronic Products

• India’s export in electrical and electronic products could reach up to $18
billion a year by 2015.[source : McKinsey].

CONSULTING
 Industry Growth=Logistics Growth

Retail
• Opening up of the organized retail sector is attracting big retail chains like
Wal-Mart and Carrefour in addition to big Indian retailers like Pantaloon and
Reliance.

• All this would require the presence of professional logistics players in the
market to carry out supply chain activities.

Thus demand for logistics services would be largely driven by the growth of the
Indian economy.

CONSULTING
 Indian & Foreign Logistics Players
• Investing to upgrade and move into 3PL arena– Gati, Safexpress, Patel Logistics,
Blue Dart.

• Recent IPO- AllCargo Global Logistics.

• Container Freight stations and Inland Container depots- Container Corporation of

India, Gateway Distriparks and Balmer Lawrie & Company.

• Bharti, Taco MobiApps, Patni Computers and Reliance are focusing on telematics – a
technology based on telecommunications plus computing.

• Alliances & Acquisitions -DHL acquired Blue Dart, FedEx has a tieup with Prakash
Airfreight, Rhenus AG has tied up with Seaways Shipping Ltd.

• Redwood City expanding its India presence by nearly 50%.

• Strong Base in India- APL Logistics, TNT Express, UPS and Maersk Logistics.

• In the port terminal business, Maersk and P&O Ports are consolidating their position
by acquiring controlling stakes in private container terminals..

CONSULTING
 Challenges for Indian Logistics Companies

• Competition from Indian and Foreign logistics companies.

• Technology to keep pace with demand for real time information.

• Corporatization and lack of skill sets.

• Shedding local mindset and move to a global mindset.

• Integration of services and value added services.

• Funds to fuel expansion & growth.

• Inadequate infrastructure and complex tax laws.

CONSULTING
Need for Strategic Alliances & Growth Funds
Indian Logistics Companies are looking for strategic alliances and funds to

• Improve their technology for value added services such as real time
information.

• Corporatize and attract talent.

• To build logistics infrastructure.

• To integrate services and thus become a multi-modal player.

CONSULTING
 Future Projected Trends

• The Indian logistics market is likely to grow at a CAGR of 7% during the next
five years.

• The unorganized sector may find it difficult to exist at national level due to its
inability to keep pace with technology & customer demand.

• Transportation costs are bound to come down in future with improvement in

infrastructure and growth in cargo movement.

• 4th Party Logistics to take root in India.

[In 4PL, logistics is controlled by a service provider that does not own assets to carry out
logistics activities but outsources to sub-contractors, the 3PL].

CONSULTING
 D’Essence in Logistics Industry

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CONSULTING