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    Dosimetry of X-Rays: The Measurement of Air-Kerma Rate Using A Free-Air Ionization Chamber Standard

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    Rommel Axalan
    This document summarizes the process of dosimetry of x-rays using a free-air ionization chamber standard. The air-kerma rate is determined by measuring the ionization current produced in air by x-rays. This current is then used to calculate the rate at which energy is deposited in the air and the air kerma rate, taking into account factors such as the air density, aperture area, and collecting length. A number of correction factors are also applied to account for effects such as air attenuation, scattered photons, and losses due to various processes. The standard uncertainties associated with different correction factors are provided for different x-ray beam qualities.

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    Dosimetry of X-Rays: The Measurement of Air-Kerma Rate Using A Free-Air Ionization Chamber Standard

    Uploaded by

    Rommel Axalan
    23 views1 page
    This document summarizes the process of dosimetry of x-rays using a free-air ionization chamber standard. The air-kerma rate is determined by measuring the ionization current produced in air by x-rays. This current is then used to calculate the rate at which energy is deposited in the air and the air kerma rate, taking into account factors such as the air density, aperture area, and collecting length. A number of correction factors are also applied to account for effects such as air attenuation, scattered photons, and losses due to various processes. The standard uncertainties associated with different correction factors are provided for different x-ray beam qualities.

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    process for xray non destructive test for welding of steel structures

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    x Ray Dosimetry

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    This document summarizes the process of dosimetry of x-rays using a free-air ionization chamber standard. The air-kerma rate is determined by measuring the ionization current produced in air by x-rays. This current is then used to calculate the rate at which energy is deposited in the air and the air kerma rate, taking into account factors such as the air density, aperture area, and collecting length. A number of correction factors are also applied to account for effects such as air attenuation, scattered photons, and losses due to various processes. The standard uncertainties associated with different correction factors are provided for different x-ray beam qualities.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    23 views1 page

    Dosimetry of X-Rays: The Measurement of Air-Kerma Rate Using A Free-Air Ionization Chamber Standard

    Uploaded by

    Rommel Axalan
    This document summarizes the process of dosimetry of x-rays using a free-air ionization chamber standard. The air-kerma rate is determined by measuring the ionization current produced in air by x-rays. This current is then used to calculate the rate at which energy is deposited in the air and the air kerma rate, taking into account factors such as the air density, aperture area, and collecting length. A number of correction factors are also applied to account for effects such as air attenuation, scattered photons, and losses due to various processes. The standard uncertainties associated with different correction factors are provided for different x-ray beam qualities.

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    Dosimetry of x-rays

    The measurement of air-kerma rate using a free-air ionization chamber standard

    Reference plane Determination of air-kerma rate from measured rate of change of voltage
    polarizing potential Vpol
    Determine ionization current as:
    I = C dV / dt
    A (typical values: C ~ 2 nF, dV / dt ~ 50 mV s–1, i.e. I ~ 100 pA).
    Source air Statistical relative standard uncertainty typically below 2 × 10−4.
    of x-rays
    2r d
    Rate at which ions (of a given sign) are collected: dN / dt = I / e.
    Mean energy expended per ion-pair created is Wair. Then, assuming no losses,
    L rate at which energy is released is:
    dE / dt = Wair dN / dt = I Wair / e.
    (Wair / e) has dry-air value 33.97 J C–1, relative standard uncertainty 1.5 × 10−3.
    Schematic representation ground
    of a parallel-plate free-air
    ionization chamber. X-rays enter through a circular
    Kerma is kinetic energy released per mass. Effective air mass is product of
    aperture into an air cavity in which a well-defined electric C aperture area π r 2, collecting length L and air density ρair, relative standard
    field exists. A fraction of the x-rays interact and produce
    uncertainty 5 × 10−4.
    electrons; these come to rest in the air, losing energy by
    ionization (and other processes). An equilibrium of charged dV
    __
    particles is established along the length of the cavity; charge dt
    Thus air-kerma rate is
    is collected only from the shaded region of length L. The
    ionization current thus measured is corrected for the attenuation dK / dt = (dE / dt) / m = I (Wair / e) / (π r 2 L ρair).
    of the x-ray fluence over the length A from the reference plane to ground
    the centre of the measuring volume. This is multiplied by a number of correction factors ki noted below.

    Correction factor ki Value for worst case Standard uncertainty

    Dimension 10 kV to 50 kV 100 kV to 250 kV Air attenuation ka 1.192 1 at 10 kV 0.000 3


    of BIPM (low-energy) (medium-energy)
    standard standard / cm standard / cm Scattered photons ksc 0.996 2 at 10 kV 0.000 3
    Fluorescence re-absorption kfl 0.995 2 at 10 kV 0.000 5
    Aperture radius r 0.497 0 0.497 0 Electron loss ke 1.008 5 at 250 kV 0.000 5
    Attenuation length A 10.00 28.15 Ion collection efficiency ks 1.000 9 at 100 kV to 250 kV 0.000 2
    Collecting length L 1.546 6 6.000 4 Electric field distortion kd 1.000 0 at all qualities 0.000 7
    Electrode separation d 7.0 18.0 Diaphragm correction kdia 0.998 0 at 250 kV 0.000 3
    Electrode width w 7.1 20.0 Front wall transmission kp 0.998 8 at 250 kV 0.000 1
    Polarizing potential Vpol 1 500 V 4 000 V Air humidity kh 0.998 0 at all qualities 0.000 3
    Bremsstrahlung loss (1 – g)–1 1.000 3 at 250 kV 0.000 1

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