Water Supply and Distribution System PDF

 Is used to describe collectively the facilities used to
supply water from its source to the point of usage.

 System of engineered hydrologic and hydraulic
components which provide water supply.
 Consists of an interconnected pipes, storage facilities,
and components that convey drinking water and
meeting fire protection needs for cities, home, schools,
hospitals, businesses, industries and other facilities.
Main purpose: Deliver water to consumer with
appropriate quality, quantity and pressure.
1. Source(s) of supply – surface water sources
of supply such as rivers, lakes, and reservoirs,
or groundwater source.
2. Storage – facilities used for the storage of
surface water, usually located at or near the
source of supply.
3. Transmission – facilities used to transport water
from storage to treatment facilities.
4. Treatment – facilities used to improve or alter the
quality of water
5. Transmission and storage – facilities used to
transport treated water to intermediate storage
facilities and to one or more points for
distribution
6. Distribution – facilities used to distribute

water to the individual users connected to the
system.
- is a device or structure placed in a surface water
source to permit withdrawal of water from this source
and its discharge into an intake conduit through which,
it will flow into the water works system.
 the source supply, whether impounding reservoir, lake, or
river (including the possibility of wide fluctuation in water
level)
 the character of the intake surroundings, depth of water,
character of bottom, navigation requirements, the effects
of currents, floods, and storms upon the structure and in
scouring the bottom
 the location with respect to sources of pollution
 the prevalence of floating material such as ice, logs, and
vegetation
- the water of impounding reservoirs is likely to vary in
quality at different levels making it usually desirable to
take water from about a meter below the surface.
- intake opening should be located 2.5 m (8 ft) or more above
the bottom so that large amounts of silt will not be carried in
with the water. Entering velocities should be less than 0.15 m/s
(0.5 ft/s) to not carry in excessive amounts of floating matter,
sediment, fish, and frazil ice.
- are especially likely to need screens to exclude
large floating matter which might injure pumps.
Intake conduit- necessary for intakes located at the shore end or any
submerged intakes so that velocities will be low but not low enough to
allow sedimentation
Conduit may be:
• Submerged Pipe
A Submerged pipe should be protected by burying it in a trench
or by surrounding it with rock or holding it in place with piling.
• Tunnels
These are expensive but less likely to be damaged than are pipes.
Pump - is a device which converts mechanical energy into
hydraulic energy. It lifts water from a lower to a higher
level and delivers it at high pressure. Pumps are employed
in water supply projects at various stages for following
purposes:
 To lift raw water from wells.
 To deliver treated water to the consumer at desired pressure.
 To supply pressured water for fire hydrants.
 To boost up pressure in water mains.
 To fill elevated overhead water tanks.
 To back-wash filters.
 To pump chemical solutions, needed for water treatment
 Gravity Distribution. This is possible when the source of supply is
a lake or impounding reservoir at some elevation above the city
so that sufficient pressure can be maintained in the mains for
domestic and fire service.
• Distribution by means of pumps with more or less storage. In
this method the excess water pumped during periods of low
consumption is stored in elevated tanks or reservoirs. This
method allows fairly uniform rates of pumping and hence is
economical, for the pumps may be operated at their rated
capacity.
• Use of pumps without storage. In this method the pumps force
water directly into the mains with no other outlet than the water
actually consumed. It is the least desirable system, for a power
failure would mean complete interruption in water supply.
Objectives of Water Storage
• To equalize pumping rates over
the day
• To equalize supply and demand
over a long period of high
consumption
• To furnish water for such
emergencies as fire fighting or
accidental breakdowns
Elevated Storage
-furnished in earth or masonry reservoirs situated on
high ground or in elevated tanks and standpipes
The amount of water required for fire control is dependent
upon the character of construction in the area being
considered.
45.4 m3/min – is the maximum flow required for an individual
fire for all purposes
Hydrant
- is an active fire
protection measure, and a source
of water provided in most
urban,suburban and rural areas
with municipal water service to
enable firefighters to tap into the
municipal water supply to assist in
extinguishing a fire
PRESSURES
150-300 kPa (20 to 40 psi) --- for residential

districts having houses not over four
stories in height
400 kPa (60 psi) --- for residential districts

where direct hose streams are used for
fighting
500 kPa (75 psi) --- for commercial districts

Methods of low pressures for normal service and firefighting:
• Extra pumps in main station
• Dual system
• Motor pumpers of the fire department

• Extra pumps in main station

• Dual system
• Motor pumpers of the fire department

The Pipe System
The system serving the consumers consists of:
• Primary Feeders (arterial mains)

• Secondary Feeders
• Small Distribution Mains
• Pipe sizes
• Valves
Primary Feeders (arterial mains)
– form the skeleton of
distribution system. They carry
large quantities of water from the
pumping plant, to and from the
storage tanks and to the various
parts of the area to be served.
Secondary Feeders – carry large
quantities of water from the
primary feeders to the various
areas to care for normal supply
and firefighting.
Small Distribution Mains – form a
grid over the area to be served and
supply water to the fire hydrants
and service pipes of the residences
and other buildings.
Pipe sizes
Valves – necessity for proper

operation and control of the pipe
system
The Pipe System
The Pipe System
Procedure in designing water distribution system:
• Preparation of master plan
• Hydraulic study of the existing system
• The improvement program

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 Is used to describe collectively the facilities used to

supply water from its source to the point of usage.

6. Distribution – facilities used to distribute

150-300 kPa (20 to 40 psi) --- for residential

400 kPa (60 psi) --- for residential districts

500 kPa (75 psi) --- for commercial districts

• Extra pumps in main station

• Motor pumpers of the fire department

• Extra pumps in main station

• Motor pumpers of the fire department

The system serving the consumers consists of:

• Primary Feeders (arterial mains)

Valves – necessity for proper

• Preparation of master plan

• Hydraulic study of the existing system

• The improvement program

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