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Q-System (Geotechnical Engineering)

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Jorge Fyhyh
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Q-system (geotechnical engineering)

For the linguistics formalism, see Q-systems.


For the genetic method, see Q-system (genetics).

The Q-system for rock mass classification is developed by Barton, Lien, and Lunde.[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] It expresses the quality of
the rock mass in the so-calledQ-value, on which are based design and support recommendations for under
ground excavations.

The Q-value is determined with

The first term RQD (Rock Quality Designation) divided by Jn (joint set number) is related to the size of the intact rock blocks in the
rock mass. The second term Jr (joint roughness number) divided by Ja (joint alteration number) is related to the shear strength along
the discontinuity planes and the third term Jw (joint water parameter) divided by SRF (stress reduction factor) is related to the stress
environment on the intact rock blocks and discontinuities around the under
ground excavation.

A multiplication of the three terms results in the Q parameter, which can range between 0.001 for an exceptionally poor to 1000 for
an exceptionally good rock mass. The numerical values of the class boundaries for the different rock mass qualities are subdivisions
of the Q range on a logarithmic scale.

The Q-value determines the quality of the rock mass, but the support of an underground excavation is based not only on the Q-value
but is also determined by the different terms in the above equation. This leads to a very extensive list of classes for support
recommendations.

References
1. Barton, N.R.; Lien, R.; Lunde, J. (1974). "Engineering classification of rock masses for the design of tunnel support".
Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering. Springer. 6 (4): 189–236. doi:10.1007/BF01239496 (https://doi.org/10.1007/
BF01239496).
2. Barton, N.R. (1–5 November 1976). "Recent experiences with the Q-system of tunnel support design". In Bieniawski,
Z.T. Proc. Symposium on Exploration for Rock Engineering, Johannesburg
. 1. Balkema, Cape Town. pp. 107–117.
ISBN 0-86961-089-9.
3. Barton, N.R.; Lien, R.; Lunde, J. (1977). "Estimation of support requirements for underground excavations &
discussion". In Fairhurst, C.; Crouch, S.L.Proc. of 16th Symp. on Design Methods in Rock Mechanics, University of
Minnesota, Minneapolis, U. S. A, 1975. American Society of Civil Engineers(ASCE), New York. pp. 163–177, 234–
241. OL 19853458M (https://openlibrary.org/books/OL19853458M).
4. Barton, N.R. (1988). "Rock Mass Classification and uTnnel Reinforcement Selection using the Q-system". In
Kirkaldie, L. Rock Classification Systems for Engineering Purposes: ASTM Specialechnical
T Publication 984. 1.
ASTM International. pp. 59–88. doi:10.1520/STP48464S (https://doi.org/10.1520/STP48464S). ISBN 978-0-8031-
0988-9.
5. Barton, N.R.; Grimstad, E. (1993). "Updating the Q-system for NMT". In Kompen, C.; Opsahl, S.L.; Berg, S.L.
Proc.
of the International Symposium on Sprayed Concrete - Modern Use of W et Mix Sprayed Concrete for Underground
Support, Fagernes, 1993. Norwegian Concrete Association, Oslo. pp. 163–177, 234–241.OL 19853458M (https://op
enlibrary.org/books/OL19853458M).
6. Barton, N.R.; Grimstad, E. (1994). "The Q-system following twenty years of application in NMT support selection;
43rd Geomechanic Colloquy, Salzburg". Felsbau. Verlag Glückauf GmbH, Essen, Germany: 428–436. ISSN 1866-
0134 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1866-0134).
7. Barton, N.R. (2000). TBM Tunnelling in Jointed and Faulted Rock. Taylor & Francis. p. 184. ISBN 978-90-5809-341-
7.
8. Barton, N.R. (2002). "Some new Q-value correlations to assist in site characterization and tunnel design".
International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences. 39 (2): 185–216. doi:10.1016/S1365-1609(02)00011-
4 (https://doi.org/10.1016/S1365-1609%2802%2900011-4) .
9. Barton, N.R. (2006). Rock Quality, Seismic Velocity, Attenuation and Anisotropy. Taylor & Francis. p. 729. ISBN 978-
0-415-39441-3.

Further reading
Bieniawski, Z.T. "Engineering Rock Mass Classifications", John Wiley and Sons, New Y ork, 1989
Hack, H.R.G.K. (25–28 November 2002). "An evaluation of slope stability classification. Keynote Lecture.". In Dinis
da Gama, C.; Ribeira e Sousa, L.Proc. ISRM EUROCK’2002. Funchal, Madeira, Portugal: Sociedade Portuguesa
de Geotecnia, Lisboa, Portugal. pp. 3–32.ISBN 972-98781-2-9.
Pantelidis, L (2009). "Rock slope stability assessment through rock mass classification systems",
International
Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences , 46(2), (315–325).
Palmstrom, A.; Broch, E. (2006). "Use and misuse of rock mass classification systems with particular reference to
the Q-system". Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology. 21 (6): 575–593. doi:10.1016/j.tust.2005.10.005.

See also
Rock Structure Rating
Hoek-Brown failure criterion

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