*In The Name of Allah the merciful*

*Al MUGHTARIBEEN UNIVERSITY*

Colleague of engineering
Department of electrical engineeeing
Reasesrch
*ETAP*
“Electronic Teaching Assistance Program”

*Name of student :-

Nogdalla Munir Shareef Idrees

#The specilazation:- 4th year electrical engineering#

The Teacher Supervisor:-

Teacher Al haj
The date of delivery:-
14/7/2017
About ETAP - Operation Technology, Inc:-
ETAP is a full spectrum analytical engineering firm specializing in the
planning, design, analysis, operation, training, and simulation of power
systems. ETAP is the most comprehensive power system enterprise
solution. With more than 50,000 licenses in over 100 countries, ETAP
serves the power system needs from generation to utilization. ETAP
employs a research and development team supported by a staff of
engineers and scientists who have a combined knowledge of over 500
years experience. ETAP is privileged to have a permanent staff of power
system engineers, many of whom have been internationally recognized
as experts in their field. ETAP is committed to providing quality solutions
for electrical power systems. Incorporated in 1986, ETAP released the
first version of Electrical Transient Analyzer Program (ETAP) power
system analysis and design software. Today, ETAP is recognized as the
global market leader in providing solutions for power systems analysis,
design, simulation, operation, control, optimization, and automation. •
ETAP is power system analysis software is approved for use in nuclear /
high-impact facilities • ETAP released the first 32-bit power system
analysis program for Windows • ETAP Real-Time was launched to meet
the growing demands for online system monitoring, simulation, control,
and automation • ETAP has grown to be the world's largest power
system analysis software company • ETAP continues to meet client
needs by incorporating the latest advances in power and software
technologies. ETAP developed ETAP Real-Time to provide online (real-
time) monitoring, simulation, control, and supervisory control capabilities.
ETAP Real-Time uses real-time data and system topology (ETAP
database) to estimate unmonitored power flows and voltages throughout
the system

ETAP Software:-

ETAP is a software that is used for network analysis in Electrical Engineering. It

consists of a number of modules dealing with industrial distribution, transmission, arc
flash analysis, etc. ETAP stands for Electrical Transient Analysis Program.

ETAP also provides a real time power management software module which offers
integrated power monitoring, Load flow and short circuit analysis, etc. ETAP is
particularly used in Transient Analysis which enables engineers to simulate the
response of the system to transients
 ETAP is the global market and technology leader in electrical power system
modeling, design, analysis, optimization, control, and automation software, and is
the most comprehensive electrical engineering software platform for the design,
simulation, operation, and automation of generation, transmission, distribution,
and industrial systems.As a fully integrated model-driven enterprise solution,
ETAP extends from modeling to operation to offer a Real-Time Power Management
System. And Enterprise solution for design, analysis, monitoring, and operation of
generation, transmission, distribution , industrial, transportation and low voltage
power .

System Elements & Components

 AC 1-phase, 2-phase & 3-phase elements

 DC elements
  Switching devices

 Protective devices

 Source elements

 Branch elements

 Load & Motor elements

 Instrumentation (Relays, Meters, CT & PT)

 Power conversion – AC/DC elements

 DC control system elements

 Underground raceway elements

 System grounding elements

 Unlimited buses: license dependent at run-time

 Nested network views - composite networks & MCC

Sources

 Power Grids

 Synchronous Generator

 Induction Generator

 Wind Turbine Generator

 PhotoVoltaic Array / Solar Panel

 Motor Generator Set (license dependent)

Branches

 Two-Winding Transformer with voltage regulators

 Three-Winding Transformer with voltage regulators

 Three Single Phase Transformers

 Open-Delta Transformer (license dependent)

 Power Cable

 Current Limiting Reactor

 Overhead Transmission Line

 Impedance

 Current Limiting Reactor

 Series Capacitor

Bus

 Node

 MCC

 Switchgear

 Switchboard

 Switchrack

 Panelboard

 Cable Bus

 Open Air

 Bus Duct

Loads

 Induction Motor

 Lumped Load - voltage & frequency dependent

 Static Load

 Panel System

 Static Var Compensator (SVC)

 Synchronous Motor

 Motor Operated Valve (MOV)

 Capacitor

 Harmonic Filter - Single Tuned, High-Pass, Band Pass, 3rd Order Damped & C-Type

 HVDC Transmission Link

Instrumentation Elements

 Current Transformer (CT)

 Potential / Voltage Transformer (PT / VT)

 Voltmeter

 Ammeter

 Multimeter

 Voltage Relay

 Frequency Relay

 Motor Relay

 Differential Relay

 Reverse Power Relay

 Solid-State Trip Relay

 Overcurrent Relay

 Distance Relay

 Overload Relay

 Multi-Functional Relay

Protective & Switching Devices

 Fuse

 High Voltage Circuit Breaker

 Recloser

 Overload Heater

 Single Throw Switch

 Double Throw Switch

 Ground Switch

 Contactor

 Low-Voltage Circuit Breaker

 In-line Overload Relay

Power Conversion - AC-DC Elements

 Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS)

 Variable Frequency Drive (VFD)

 Battery Charger / Rectifier

 Inverter

DC Elements

 Battery

 DC Motor

 DC Static Lad

 DC Lumped Load

 DC Branch Impedance

 DC Cable

 DC-DC Converter

 DC PV Array - License dependent

 DC Fuse

 DC Circuit Breaker

 DC Switch - Single & Double Throw

DC Control System Elements

 Bus

 Fuse

 Circuit Breaker

 Push Button

 Switch

 Contact

 Double Contact

 Macro-Controlled Contact

 Wire

 Impedance

 Light
 Solenoid

 General Load

 Control Relay

Other

 Exciters

 Governors

 Power System Stabilizers (PSS)

 Remote Connector

 Grounding/Earthing Adapter

 Phase Adapter

 Ground Grid System

 Composite Network - Nested Network

 Composite Motor - Nested MCC

ETAP Base Package is a set of core tools, embedded analysis

modules, and engineering libraries that allow you to create,
configure, customize, and manage your system model. Core tools
allow you to quickly and easily build 3-phase and 1-phase AC and
DC network one-line diagrams with unlimited buses and elements
including detailed instrumentation and grounding components.
Network Analysis includes a powerful set of analytical tools that
allow for simulation, prediction, design and planning of system
behavior utilizing an intelligent one-line diagram and the flexibility
of a multi-dimensional database. Network Analysis includes Arc
Flash, Short Circuit, Load Flow, Motor Acceleration, and Load
Analyzer modules
 *It have so many uses and advantages:-

1-Network Analysis
includes a powerful set of analytical tools that allow for simulation,
prediction, design and planning of system behavior utilizing an
intelligent one-line diagram and the flexibility of a multi-
dimensional database. Network Analysis includes Arc Flash, Short
Circuit, Load Flow, Motor Acceleration, and Load Analyzer
modules.
2-Generation Systems

From Critical Design and Analysis to a Smooth Operation

From Renewable to Nuclear, some of the world's most advanced
power generation plants count on ETAP to help provide reliable,
clean and cost-effective power to their customers.
3-Arc Flash Analysis

Reduce Risk Improve Safety Enforce Compliance

ETAP Arc Flash Analysis allows you to identify and analyze high risk arc flash
areas in your electrical system, and it also allows simulation of several different
methods used by engineers to mitigate high incident energy.
4-System Grounding & Earthing Analysis

ETAP's system grounding & earthing foundation automatically detects the

system earthing configuration based on source and transformer grounding or
earthing type selection. The resulting earthing types are displayed both on the
one line diagram and for the various connected cables.
 Grounding System:-

 Ungrounded
 Solidly Grounded
 Low Impedance Grounded (Low Z)
 High Impedance Grounded (High Z)

Earthing Type

 TN-C
 TN-C-S
 TN-S
 TT
 NEC
 TT, TN-C, TN-S, TN-C-S Systems

The earthing type for a TN system is marked by using 2, 3, or 4 letters:

 The first letter, T, is defined by “Terre” which defines how the source or
transformer neutral is connected to the earth.

 The second letter indicates how the load chassis is connected:

o T is defined by “Terre”, which gives a TT system, which is the how the load
chassis is grounded to earth using an earthing electrode.
o N is defined by “Neutral” which defines the load chassis as connected to
neutral. This gives a TN system, which is how the load chassis is connected
to earth using either a neutral or a protective earthing (PE) conductor.
 The third letter indicate how the neutral and PE conductors are utilized
o C is defined by “Combined” which means that the neutral and PE conductors
are combined into one conductor (PEN conductor) that acts as the current
return conductor during both steady state and fault conditions.
o S is defined by “Separated” which means that the neutral and PE conductors
are separated and independent from each other.
 The TN-C-S earthing type has four letters and the fourth letter, just like the
third letter, indicates how the neutral and PE conductors are utilized. The TN-
C-S start from the source (such as a utility company) with a combined PEN
conductor until a service entry point, e.g. a residential unit, is reached. As
soon as the customer’s service entry point is crossed, the earthing conductor
will separate into two separate conductors, which are the neutral and the PE
conductors.

IT System

The earthing type for an IT system is marked by using 2 letters and a

term:

 The first letter, I, is defined by “Isolated” which defines the neutral as is either
not connected to earth or indirectly connected to earth through a high
impedance.
 The second letter, T, is defined by “Terre” which defines the load chassis as
connected to earth using an earthing electrode.
 The term that follows the IT earthing types are defined as follows:
 Individual: The chassis of each load is earthed separately from the
neighboring load chassis.
 In Groups: Different loads are separated into groups and then the chassis of
each load in a group is interconnected with the other chassis within the same
group. The different groups are then earthed individually.
 Collective: All of the chassis of all the loads are interconnected and then
earthed.

Part of the system uses a combined PEN conductor, which is at some point
split up into separate PE and N lines. The combined PEN conductor typically
occurs between the substation and the entry point into the building, and
separated in the service head. In the UK, this system is also known as
protective multiple earthing (PME), because of the practice of connecting the
combined neutral-and-earth conductor to real earth at many locations, to
reduce the risk of broken neutrals - with a similar system in Australia being
designated as multiple earthed neutral (MEN).

5-Engineering Libraries
Libraries are provided containing verified and validated data based on equipment
manufacturer’s published data for use within ETAP's electrical engineering
software for power system analysis.
  Comprehensive library

 ANSI & IEC devices

 Verified & Validated (V&V) library data

 Add, copy, merge, & delete capabilities

 User-defined & controlled libraries

ETAP Verified & Validated Libraries

 Cable

 Cable fire coating protection

 Cable fire stop protection

 Cable fire wrap protection

 Transmission Line

 Line Ground Conductor

 Motor Nameplate

 Motor CKT Model

 Motor Characteristic Model

 Motor Load Model

 Wind Turbine Generator

 Photovoltaic Array

 Fuse

 Recloser Hydraulic

 Recloser Electronic Controller

 HV Circuit Breaker

 LV Circuit Breaker

 Solid State Trip

 Thermal Magnetic

 Electro-Magnetic

 Motor Circuit Protector

 Overload Heater

 Harmonic

 Interruption Cost

 Reliability

 Battery

 Control Contact

 Control Relay

 Control Solenoid

 GFI / RCD

6-Automatic Generation Control Analysis

Automate Manage Schedule

Automatic Generation Control (AGC) software calculates the required
parameters or changes to optimize the operation of generation units. The
automatic generation control software uses real-time data such as frequency,
actual generation, tie-line load flows, and plant units’ controller status to provide
generation changes.

Automatic Generation Control Software Key Features

 Multi-Area Automatic Generation Control

 Load Frequency Control

 NERC Performance Standard

 Generator Power Sharing (Real & Reactive)

 Minimize Area Control Error (ACE)

 Maintain frequency at the scheduled value

 Operate system with adequate security & economy

 Maintain net power interchanges

 Maintain economical power allocation

 Share MW and MVAR proportionally amongst various generation units

 Multiple pre-configured automatic generator control modes

Automatic generation control software is fully integrated with Economic Dispatch
and Interchange Scheduling, automatically ensuring that generation adjustments
are scheduled in the most economical fashion. AGC also calculates the
parameters required for load frequency control and provides the required data on
demand to maintain system frequency and power interchanges with neighboring
systems at scheduled values
The References :-
1- https://www.linkedin.com/company/operation-technology-
inc-
2- https://etap.com/industry/industries/academia
3- https://etap.com
4-http://www.electrotechnik.net/2011/07/etap-
software.html?m=1