An ACI Handbook

314 Design Aids

HB-10(11)
 DESIGN AID 1-2
Approximate Bending Moments and Shear Forces for Continuous Beams
and One-way Slabs
8.3.3

Uniformly distributed load wu (L/D ≤ 3)

Two or more spans
Integral with Prismatic members Simple
Support Support
n,2 < n,1 ≤ 1.2n,2 n,2 n,2

wu 2n,1 wu 2n,2 wu 2n,2 Positive

14 16 11 Moment

* *
Spandrel wu 2n,1 wu 2n,avg wu 2n,avg wu 2n,2 wu 2n,2
Support
0
24 10 11 11 10

Column wu 2n,1 Negative

Support Moment
16
**
wu 2n,1 wu  2n,avg wu  2n,avg wu 2n,2 wu  2n,2
Note A 0
12 12 12 12 12

wu n,1 1.15wu n,1 wu n,2 wu n,2 1.15wu n,2 wu n,2
Shear
2 2 2 2 2 2

* wu  2n Note A: Applicable to slabs with spans ≤ 10 ft

(2 spans) and beams where the ratio of the sum of
9
column stiffness to beam stiffness > 8 at
each end of the span.
 +
 n, avg = n,1 n,2 (8.3.3)
2
** w  2
u n, 2
(for beams)
10
3
 DESIGN AID 1-61
Maximum Number of Reinforcing Bars Permitted in a Single Layer
7.6

Assumptions:

• Grade 60 reinforcement ( f y = 60 ksi)

• Clear cover to the stirrups cs = 1.5 in.
• ¾-in. aggregate
• No. 3 stirrups are used for No. 5 and No. 6 longitudinal bars, and No. 4
stirrups are used for No. 7 and larger bars

Bar Beam Width (in.)

Size 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 36 42 48
No. 4 5 6 8 9 10 12 13 14 16 17 21 25 29
No. 5 5 6 7 8 10 11 12 13 15 16 19 23 27
No. 6 4 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 14 15 18 22 25
No. 7 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 17 20 23
No. 8 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 16 19 22
No. 9 3 4 5 6 7 8 8 9 10 11 14 17 19
No. 10 3 4 4 5 6 7 8 8 9 10 12 15 17
No. 11 3 3 4 5 5 6 7 8 8 9 11 13 15

Maximum number of bars, nmax:

b − 2(cs + d s + r )
nmax = w +1
(Clear space) + db ds

db ¾″ for No. 3 stirrups

r=
1″ for No. 4 stirrups
cc
1″
1-1/2″ clear Clear space ≥ db
cs
1.33(max. aggregate size)
cc bw

1
Alsamsam, I.M. and Kamara, M. E. (2004). Simplified Design Reinforced Concrete Buildings of
Moderate Size and Heights, EB104, Portland Cement Association, Skokie, IL.

7
 DESIGN AID 1-7
Minimum Thickness h for Beams and One-Way Slabs Unless Deflections are
Calculated
9.5.2

h ≥  1 / 18.5 h ≥  2 / 21 h ≥ 3 /8
Beams or
Ribbed
One-way
Slabs One end Both ends Cantilever
continuous continuous

1 2 3

h ≥  1 / 24 h ≥  2 / 28 h ≥  3 / 10
Solid
One-way
Slabs
One end Both ends Cantilever
continuous continuous

1 2 3

• Applicable to one-way construction not supporting or attached to partitions or other construction likely to be
damaged by large deflections.

• Values shown are applicable to members with normal weight concrete ( wc = 145 lbs/ft3) and Grade 60
reinforcement. For other conditions, modify the values as follows:

 For structural lightweight having wc in the range 90-120 lbs/ft3, multiply the values by
(1.65 − 0.005wc ) ≥ 1.09.
( )
 For f y other than 60,000 psi, multiply the values by 0.4 + f y / 100,000 .

 / 20 for solid one - way slabs

• For simply-supported members, minimum h = 
 / 16 for beams or ribbed one - way slabs
8
 DESIGN AID 1-10
T-beam Construction
8.12

be1 be 2

h = hf

bw1 bw2 bw3

s1 s2

 Span length  Span length

bw1 + 12  4
 
be1 ≤ bw1 + 6h be 2 ≤ bw2 + 16h
 3b b s b b +b s +s
 w1 − w2 + 1  w2 − w1 w3 + 1 2
 4 4 2  2 4 2

be ≤ 4bw

bw
h = hf ≥
2

bw

Isolated T-beam

11
 DESIGN AID 1-14

Moment of Inertia of Cracked Section Transformed to Concrete, I cr

Cracked Transformed Cracked Moment of Inertia, I cr

Gross Section
Section
b b
b(kd )3
I cr = + nAs (d − kd ) 2
kd 3
n.a. d where
h
2dB + 1 − 1
As nAs kd =
B

b b(kd ) 3
b d′ I cr = + nAs (d − kd ) 2
3
kd
A′s + (n − 1) As′ (kd − d ′) 2
n.a.
h (n – 1)A′s d
where

 rd ′ 
As nAs
 + (1 + r ) − (1 + r )
2
2dB + 1 +
 d 
kd =
B

---continued next page---

I g = bh 3 / 12
n = E s / Ec
B = b /(nAs )
r = (n − 1) As′ /(nAs )

15
 DESIGN AID 1-14

Moment of Inertia of Cracked Section Transformed to Concrete, I cr

(continued)

Cracked
Gross Section Transformed Cracked Moment of Inertia, I cr
Section
b b (b − bw )h 3f b (kd ) 3
I cr = + w
hf 12 3
kd
2
h d  hf 
+ (b − bw )h f  kd − 
n.a.
2 
As nAs  
+ nAs (d − kd ) 2
bw
where

C (2d + h f f ) + (1 + f ) 2 − (1 + f )
kd =
C
b b d′
(b − bw )h 3f b (kd ) 3
I cr = + w
hf 12 3
kd
2
A′s d  hf 
yt
h (n – 1)A′s n.a.
+ (b − bw )h f  kd − 

As nAs  2 
+ nAs (d − kd ) 2 + (n − 1) As′ (kd − d ′) 2
bw
where

C (2d + h f f + 2rd ′) + (1 + r + f ) 2 − (1 + r + f )
kd =
C

yt = h − {0.5[(b − bw )h 2f + bw h 2 ] /[(b − bw )h f + bw h]}

I g = (b − bw )h 3f / 12 + bw h 3 / 12 + (b − bw )h f (h − 0.5h f − yt ) 2 + bw h( yt − 0.5h) 2
n = E s / Ec
C = bw /(nAs )
f = h f (b − bw ) /(nAs )
r = (n − 1) As′ /(nAs )

16