38-Essays Outlines

FB Group: CSS Future Champions.

(1) Religion: A Solution or Itself An Issue
(2) Backwardness of Women Leads to Backwardness of The Nation.
(3) Industrial Sector of Pakistan. (Situation, Issues and Solutions)
(4) Pak-China Relations
(5) Democracy is no more Vulnerable in Pakistan
(6) Crisis of Good Governance in Pakistan (Need for Reform and Institution
Building) ​FB Group: CSS Future Champions.
(7) Social Media: A source of Connecting People or Disconnecting Them.
(8) Status of Women in Islam
(11) Energy Crisis in Pakistan: Consequences and Recommendation
(12) Corruption in Pakistan: Mother of all Evils
(13) Environmental Pollution
(14) Global/World Economic Recession
(15) Terrorism: The biggest threat to Pakistan
(16) Women Empowerment would Empower Pakistan
(17) Need of Good Governance in Pakistan
(18) Pakistan Rich in Natural Resources but Poor in Their Management
(19) Liberal Education ​FB Group: CSS Future Champions.
(20) Disaster Management in Pakistan
(21) Global Warming
(22) Perils of Muslim Union
(23) World Order: From Unipolar to Multipolar
(24) Global Zero: A World without Nuclear Weapons.
(25) Crisis of Good Governance in Pakistan
(26) Industrial Sector ​FB Group: CSS Future Champions.
(27) Ideology of Pakistan
(28) Foreign Policy of Pakistan
(29) Agriculture Sector of Pakistan
(30) Education
(31) Energy Crisis
(32) Good Governance ​FB Group: CSS Future Champions.
(33) Military Operations & Its Impacts
(34) Third Gender and Their Rights
(35) Is Military Rule better than Democracy.
(36) Economic Challenges faced by Pakistan
(37) Promotion of Tax culture in Pakistan
(38) I Disapprove What You Say but I defend to death Your Right to Say

(1) Religion: A Solution or Itself An Issue

FB Group: CSS Future Champions.
1. Introduction:
2. An overview of major religions and their injunctions:
3. Some issues apparently created by religion:
- Inter-religious hatred.
- Sectarianism.
- Fanaticism and Intolerance.
- Traditionalism and Conservatism.
- Gender Discrimination.
- Fatalism.
4. Do religion really cause a problems or is it merely an allegation?
5. Causes of misunderstanding about religion:
- Negative role of religious leaders and so called icons.
- Ineffective contribution by the media.
- Insufficient focus on religious education in modern educational institutions.
- Pursuit of political motives in the guise of religion.
- Lack of civilization.
6. Actual causes of the problems faced by world:
- Political power games.
- Economic motives of the nations.
- Lack of civilization in human beings. ​FB Group: CSS Future Champions.
- Missing element of character building in educational institutes.
- Poor control over and monitoring of scientific advancement.
- Deleterious impacts of electronic and social media.
7. Do religion provide a solution to the issues the present world is
confronted with?
Yes all religions:
- Propagate Humanism and provide mechanism for the creation of a terror free world.
- Inculcate moral values and provide solutions to the issues of moral degradation.
- Encourage generosity and benevolence to resolve poverty and privation issues.
- Spread patience and restrain and thus develop a society free of atrocities and injustices.
- Inculcate sense of accountability and responsibility in society and address the issue of
flouting of laws, rules and principles.
- Teach self-restraint and self control and resolve all issues created by rapacity and
avarice.
8. Recommendations for the dissemination of true massage of the religion:
- Positive role of religious icons.
- Government’s patronizing the dissemination of religion in its pure form.
- Introduction of religion as integral part of curricula.
- Positive role of media.
- Focus on similarities in different religions.
9. Recommendations for the solutions of world issues:
- Effective role of UNO.
- End of power game.
- Effective role of media in sensitization of brains.
- Devising modus operandi for countering the detrimental effects of scientific
advancement.
- Diverting energies towards the achievement of SDGs.
- Compassionate, considerate and solicitous attitude of the superpowers.
10. Conclusion:

FB Group: CSS Future Champions.

(2) Backwardness of Women Leads to

Backwardness of The Nation.
1. Introduction:
2. Different facts of women backwardness:
• Illiteracy.
• Economic deprivation.
• Malnutrition.
• Limited role in decision making.
• Sexual Harassment.
• Domestic Violence.
• Early or Childhood marriages.
• Excessive pregnancies.
3. Does backwardness of women leads to backwardness of the nation:
Yes it’s true! It’s backwardness of women that:
• results in morally weak society which is full of:
- Crimes.
- Corruption and favoritism.
- Ineptness and incompetence.
- Drug addiction.
• Wreak havoc with the economy of the country by affecting:
- Decrease in GDP.
- Decrease in Exports.
- Decrease in the tax revenue of the state.
- Rise in Inflation.
- Increase in poverty.
• Adversely affects the health of the nation because of:
- Poor knowledge of hygiene and cleanliness.
- Poor knowledge of Nutrition.
- Ignorance of ways to stay healthy.
• Generates the issue of overpopulation:
• Creates deteriorates impact on the image of the country.
FB Group: CSS Future Champions.
4. Causes of women backwardness:
• Religious Causes:
- Negative role of so-called religious leaders.
- Misinterpretation of religious injunctions.
- Less consideration of Ijtihad in Muslim states.
• Political Causes:
- Lack of political will.
- Poor of insufficient legislation.
- Lack of representation in decision making.
• Social Causes:
- Illiteracy of men.
- Taboos, customs and traditions.
- Security issues.
- High rate of childbirth.
• Economic Causes: ​FB Group: CSS Future Champions.
- Poverty at domestic level.
- Budgetary constraint at national level.
- Lack of economic opportunities.
5. Different steps being taken at national and international level for women
empowerment:
• Millennium Development Goals MDGs:
• Sustainable Development Goals:
• Different laws and Policies:
• Awareness Campaigns:
• Role of NGOs:
6. Recommendations for the Amelioration of women conditions:
• Propagation of True Massage of Islam Through Moderate Religious Leaders:
• Enactment and Strict Implementation of Laws for:
- End of domestic violence.
- Provide security at workplace.
- Control early childhood marriages.
• Fixation and enhancement of Quotas in:
- Elected bodies at national as well as provincial legislature.
- Educational Institutions. ​FB Group: CSS Future Champions.
- Jobs in Public as well as private sector.
• Counseling of the Male Members of the Society:
• Awareness Campaigns:
• Allocation of More Budget for:
- Women education.
- Population control programs.
- Soft loans.
- Women’s health and nutrition.
7. Some other recommendations for the development of a nation:
• Focus on Education:
• Allocation of More Budget for Research and Development:
• Eradication of Corruption:
• Sustenance of Democracy and Political Stability:
• Rule of Law:
• Promotion of Accountability culture:
• Devolution of Power and Authority:
8. Conclusion:
FB Group: CSS Future Champions.

(3) Industrial Sector of Pakistan. (Situation,

Issues and Solutions)
1. Introduction:
2. Industrial Sector and Its Components:

3. Importance of Industrial Sector for a Country:

4. Different Phases of Industrial Development in Pakistan:
• 1950s: The Era of Rapid Industrial Growth:
• 1960s: The Era of Industrial Stabilization:
• 1970s: Nationalization and its Impacts:
• 1980s: Russian-Afghan war and Pro-Industrial policies of Zia:
• 1990s: The Decade of Privatization:
• Post 9/11: Commercialization under Musharaf:
5. Present Situation of Industrial Sector of Pakistan:
• Situation of Manufacturing sector:
- Large Scale manufacturing sector.
- Small Scale manufacturing sector.
• Situation of Construction Sector:
• Situation of Mining Sector:
• Situation of Electricity Generation and Distribution Sector:
6. Issue Confronting the Industrial Sector of Pakistan:
• Economic Issues:
- Energy crisis. ​FB Group: CSS Future Champions.
- Huge bank spread.
- Devaluation of currency.
- Under-utilization of national resources.
- Lack of infrastructure.
• Social Issues:
- Marginalized role of women.
- Overpopulation.
- Malnutrition and diseases.
- Corruption.
- Slackness and Lethargy.
• Political Issues:
- Terrorism.
- Flawed Policies.
- International isolation.
- Political instability.
• Administrative Issues:
- Poor performance of state-owned enterprises.
- Labyrinthine procedures and processes in government offices.
- Poor law and order situation.
- Weak criminal justice system.
- Lack of focus on R&D. ​FB Group: CSS Future Champions.
7. Some Workable Solutions to the Industrial Sector Issues:
• Provision of Uninterrupted and Cheap Supply of Energy to the Industrial Sector on
Preferential Basis:
• Provision of Cheap and Easy Credit Facility:
• Maximum Extraction and Utilization of Indigenous Mineral Resources:
• Effective and Beneficial use of Women Workplace:
• Provision of Necessary Healthcare Facilities for the Labor:
• Eradication of the Scourge of Terrorism:
• Research based and Workable Industrial Policies:
• Sustenance of Democracy and Political Stability:
• Promotion of Public-Private Partnership:
• Improved Law and Order Situation and Protection of Property Rights:
• Reservation of Substantial Budget for Research and Development:
8. Conclusion:​FB Group: CSS Future Champions.

(4) Pak-China Relations

1. Introduction:
2. Some Facts about China and Pakistan:
3. Historical evidence of Pak-China Friendship:
- Border settlement between Pakistan and China.
- Role of China in Pakistan-India war. ​FB Group: CSS Future Champions.
- Chinese support for Pakistan at UNSC.
- China and Nuclear Program of Pakistan.
- Role of China in the Defense needs of Pakistan.
- Pakistan’s support to China at the times of isolation.
- Pakistan’s role in bridging the gap between China and US.
4. Present Contours of Pak-China Relations:
• Economic Aspect:
- Chinese investment in the form of CPEC.
- Flourishing trade between two countries.
- FDI share from China.
- Cheap exports and Imports for China.
• Social Aspect:​FB Group: CSS Future Champions.
- Infrastructure development in Pakistan.
- Ongoing and future energy projects in Pakistan.
- Efforts for the eradication of terrorism.
- Upgraded living standards in Pakistan.
- Disaster management in Pakistan.
• Political Aspect:
- Strings of Pearls policy.
- India as a mutual enemy.
- Stability of Afghanistan.
- US inclination toward India.
- Pakistan’s SCO membership.
- Strategic importance of Gwadar for China.
5. Challenges to the Friendship:
- Uyghur separatist’s movement.
- Targeted killings of Chinese workers in Pakistan.
- Pakistan’s engagement with the US.
- Changing nature of China-India relationship.
- Failure of CPEC project.
- Increasing gaps between economies of both countries.
- Lack of harmony in political parties of Pakistan.
6. Recommendations for future Strengthening of Bonds:
• Pakistan’s Role:
- No Support for terrorism in Xinjiang.
- Provision of foolproof security to Chinese workers.
- Political consensus over national agenda.
- Early implementation of CPEC Projects.
- No Overtures to US at the cost of China.
- Struggle for improvement of national image.
- Joint efforts for stability in Afghanistan.
• China’s Role:​FB Group: CSS Future Champions.
- Support for Kashmir Cause.
- More assistance in energy projects.
- Enhanced trade ties.
- Assistance in the field of Education and research and development.
- Pakistan’s entry into SCO.
7. Conclusion:

(5) Democracy is no more Vulnerable in

Pakistan​FB Group: CSS Future Champions.
1. Introduction:
2. An Overview of Pakistan’s Political History:
- The game of musical chair in first nine years.
- Martial Law of General Ayub Khan.
- Revival of democracy after the secession of East Pakistan.
- The murder of democracy and Zia regime.
- Era of 90s –the miracle of Article 58(2b).
- Plane Hijacking case and martial law of Musharaf.
- Controlled democracy during Musharaf regime.
- Charter of democracy and revival of democracy in Pakistan.
3. Factors behind the derailment of Democracy in Past:
- Absence of patriotic, nationalist, competent and better styled leadership.
- Overdependence on Army under the influence of antagonistic and uncongenial relations with neighboring
countries.
- Anemic, impotent and spineless political institutions.
- Frail, feeble
4. Is Democracy still Vulnerable in Pakistan?
No the Situation is changed as now we have:
- Sovereign, watchful and well founded media institution.
- A vigilant and proactive civil society extremely alive to the importance of democracy.
- A judiciary that appears to be contrite and remorseful for its past character.
- Political leadership which looks conscientious enough to protect democracy even at the cost of personal
gains.
- Military leadership that appears to have more inclination towards fulfilling its professional responsibilities.
- A recent experience of bitter repercussion of dictatorship in Musharaf regime.
5. Indispensability of the Sustenance of Democracy to the Development of
Pakistan:
Democracy is important because it:
- Bestows upon the people political maturity and wisdom and enables them to choose the best lot for
managing their affairs.
- Ensures consensus-based decision making and helps in the formulation of coherent and practicable
policies.
- Promotes the culture of accountability and wipeout the malaises of corruption, inefficiency and nepotism.
- Confers the sense of participation in the various sections of society and thus promotes national
integration.
- Confers the sense of freedom upon citizens and wins their loyalty to the state.
- Fosters the culture of equality before law and investigators public faith in institutions.
- Brings political stability and provides an environment conducive to development and growth.
6. Recommendations for the Future Strengthening of Democracy in
Pakistan:
- Introduction of meaningful electoral reforms.
- Strengthening local government institutions.
- Improve the performance of democratic government.
- Bringing in purposeful regulation of media to make it more responsible and sensible.
- Enhancing contributory role of educational institutes.
- Ensuring independence of judiciary.
- Reform the civil service to improve the performance of beaurucracy.
7. Conclusion:

(6) Crisis of Good Governance in Pakistan

(Need for Reform and Institution Building)
1. Introduction:​FB Group: CSS Future Champions.
2. Good Governance and Its Indicators:
3. Importance of Good Governance for a country:
- Importance for the Economic sector.
- Importance for the Political sector.
- Importance for the Social Sector.
4. Is Pakistan Confronting a crisis of Good Governance?.
Yes! The following facts are proof:​FB Group: CSS Future Champions.
- General public’s shattered trust in Government.
- Absence of accountability culture at all levels.
- Lack of transparency in functioning of public organizations.
- Prevalence of Procrastination and red tape in day to day government functioning.
- Inadequate participation of general public in decision making.
- Persistent existence of evil of corruption.
- Absence of rule of law.
- Highly unbalanced development and growth.
- Institutional decay.
- Inadequate delivery of social services.
5. Major Causes of the Deplorable Situation of Governance in Pakistan:
- Frequent derailment of democracy.
- Impotent and puny judiciary.
- Absence of free and mature media.
- Shortsighted and self centered approach of politicians.
- Failure of educational institutions to produce good citizens.
- Excessive politicization of public sector.
- Dismal performance of the Watch Dog Institutes.
- Presence of lacunas and flaws in the criminal justice system.
- Lack of Checks and balance.
- Lack of civic awareness.
- Bureaucracy attitude. ​FB
Group: CSS Future Champions.
6. Some Measures Taken by Government to Ameliorate the Situation:
- Enactment of Laws.
- Establishment of monitoring organizations and committees.
- Introduction of internal checks and controls.
- Deliberation of introduction of civil services reforms.
7. Recommended Reforms for Institution Building and Improved Governance
in Pakistan:
- Active role of politicians, media and civil society to safeguard the democracy.
- Independent and responsible role of judiciary.
- Prudent and mature role of media.
- Introduction of civil services reforms to improve performance of bureaucracy.
- Introduction of technology in public sector.
- Reformation of Watch Dog Institutes.
- Necessary statutory amendments to improve the criminal justice system.
- Accountability at all level.
- Public participation in decision making.
- Role of educational institutions to produce good citizens.
8. Conclusion:
(7) Social Media: A source of Connecting
People or Disconnecting Them.
1. Introduction:​FB Group: CSS Future Champions.
2. Different types of Media:
- Print Media.
- Electronic Media.
• Social Media and its Types:
- Blogs and Microblogs.
- Social networking sites (Face book).
- Social Commerce (Amazon, Alibaba)
- Social Media news (Digg).
- VoIP Software (Skype, MSN).
• Social Media as a source of connecting people.
- Connecting with unknown people belonging to other nations and states.
- Connecting people one already know, Irrespective of their location.
- Possibility of staying connected with others round the clock.
- Little cost of maintaining connection.
- Fast and speedy connectivity.
- Easy tracing of lost contacts. ​FB
Group: CSS Future Champions.
3. Benefits of Connectivity through social Media:
• Social:
- Shares information.
- Upgrades living standard.
- Serves as source of education.
- Eliminates social biases.
• Economic:
- Spreads political awareness.
- Assists in political decision making.
o Arab Spring 2011.
o General Elections in Pakistan 2013.
- Highlights public issues and grievances.
• Political:
- Gives information on economic opportunities.
- Provide platform for economic activities. .
- Renders assistance in economic decision making.
• Religious:​FB Group: CSS Future Champions.
- Imparts religious education.
- Eliminates religious biases.
- Serves as platform of religious preaching.
• Administrative:
- Serves as source of information sharing.
- Assists in quick decision making.
- Helps in ensuring better governance.
4. Social Media as source of Disconnect of the People:
- Weakening of family bonds.
- Decrease in traditional get together.
- Decline in traditional get together.
- Decline in sports activities.
- Scarcity of time. ​FB
Group: CSS Future Champions.
5. A Glimpse over some other evil of social media:
- Spoil of moral values.
- Wastage of time.
- Acts of cheating and fraud.
- Deleterious impacts on health.
- Promotion of hatred and antagonism.
- Unreliability of information.
6. Causes of Evils of Social Media:
- Absence of proper control mechanism.
- Poor performance of regulatory authorities.
- No focus on character building in educational institutions.
- Absence of other recreational facilities.
- Easy availability of technology..
- Cheaper access to social media sites.
- Incognito access to social media sites. ​FB
Group: CSS Future Champions.
7. Recommendations for elimination of Harmful Impacts of Social Media:
- Application of some mandatory filters and controls.
- At national level.
- At local level.
- Launching of awareness campaigns.
- Enactment of stringent laws.
- Effective role of regulatory authorities.
- Effective role of education sector in character building.
- Provision of better sports and recreational facilities.
- Enactment of service cost.
8. Conclusion:
FB Group: CSS Future Champions.

(8) Status of Women in Islam

1. Introduction:
2. Status of women before Islam and in Other Religions:
- Status of women in Arabia. ​FB Group: CSS Future Champions.
- Status of women in Roman Empire.
- Status of women in Hinduism.
- Status of women in Buddhism.
3. Status of women as Granted by Islam:
• Status in house:
- As a mother.
- As a sister.
- As a wife.
- As a daughter.
• Status in Society:
- Right to life.
- Right to honor and dignity.
- Right to education.
- Right to forming and breaking conjugal relations.
• Status in state:
- Right to enjoy fundamental human rights.
- Right to enjoy citizenship of state.
4. In Today’s world, do Women Actually Enjoys The Status granted to them
by Islam:​FB Group: CSS Future Champions.
• No:
5. Causes of poor Status of Women in Islamic States:
• Religious causes:
- Negative role of religious leaders.
- Misinterpretation of religious injunctions.
- Avoidance of Ijtihad in Muslim states.
• Political causes:
- Undemocratic government.
- Lack of political will.
- Poor legislation.
- Lack of representation in decision making I.
• Social Causes:
- Illiteracy of men.
- Taboos, customs and traditions.
- Security issues.
- High childbirth rates.
• Economic causes:
- Poverty at domestic level. ​FB Group: CSS Future Champions.
- Budgetary constraints at national level.
- Lack of economic opportunities.
6. Recommendation for the Amelioration of Situation:
- Role of moderate religious leaders to propagate true message of the religion.
- Enactment and strict implementation of laws.
- To end domestic violence.
- To provide security at workplace.
- To control child of early marriages.
- Fixation and enactment of quotas.
o In elected bodies.
o In educational institutions.
o In jobs. ​FB Group: CSS Future Champions.
- Counseling of male member of society.
- Awareness campaign.
- Allocation of more budgets.
o For women education.
o For population control programs.
o For soft loans.
o For women health and nutrition.
7. Conclusion:

(9) What are the Hurdles in Our Way to

Becoming a Truly Independent State
1. Introduction:​FB Group: CSS Future Champions.
2. Measures to gauge the independence of a state:
3. Critical analysis of Pakistan’s 68 years of independence:
4. Hurdles in our way to becoming a truly independent state:
• Political:
- Problematic borders.
- Military domination: An impediment to development of other state institutions.
- Lack of consensus among politicians on major issues.
- Perennial issues of terrorism.
- Shortsighted, imprudent and impetuously-designed foreign policy.
• Administrative:
- Spineless bureaucracy.
- Delayed justice.
- Dishonesty, Nepotism, and Red-tapism.
- Flawed transparency and accountability mechanism.
• Economic:​FB Group: CSS Future Champions.
- Vicious circle of poverty.
- Outdated techniques of agricultural farming.
- Unbridled inflation rate.
- Undocumented economy.
- Blind privatization.
• Religious:
- Pathetic role of religious icons for power lust.
- Inculcation of anti-democratic sentiment in the minds of followers and support of dictatorship.
- Use of religious followers as a pressure group.
- Unignorable role of religious parties in promoting sectarianism.
- Inclination towards taqleed rather than Ijtehad.
• Social:​FB Group: CSS Future Champions.
- Marginal and unproductive role of women.
- Class disparities due to feudalism and landlordism.
- Resistance of general masses to adopting new things.
- Uncontrolled population growth.
5. Can we ever become a truly independent nation? Yes.
6. Recommendations for removing the hurdles in becoming a truly
independent state:
- Strengthening of democracy by ensuring continuity of credible elections and proper vetting of candidates.
- Devising meticulous, far-sighted and independent foreign policy.
- A complete overhauling of administrative systems.
- Adopting prudent and visionary economic policies.
- Enacting of stringent laws to broaden the tax net.
- Promoting progressive scholars.
- Launching of media campaign to change the mindset of society.
7. Conclusion:
FB Group: CSS Future Champions.

(10) Importance of Free Media

1. Introduction:
2. Media and its types:
- Print Media.
- Electronic Media.
3. Components of freedom of media:
- No censoring of news / programs by the government.
- No imposition of economic restraints.
- No cancellation of permits / Licenses.
- No threats to journalists.
4. Importance of Free Media:
• Importance for political sector:
- Ensures sustenance of democracy.
- Guarantees an environment of accountability.
- Spreads political awareness.
- Assists the Government in decision making.
- Strengthen electoral process.
• Importance for Economic sector:​FB Group: CSS Future Champions.
- Provides government with the information on national and international economic trends.
- Assists investors in economic decision making.
- Highlights mistakes and wrongdoing of government.
• Importance for Social Sector:
- Imparts informal education.
- Disseminates information and knowledge.
- Inculcates etiquettes.
- Upgrades living standards.
- Highlights social evils.
- Reflect true image of nation.
- Indicates violation of human rights.
- Provide cheap source of Entertainment.
5. Role of Media in Pakistan: A case study.
- Lawyer’s movement against Parvez Musharaf.
- Restoration of Judiciary.
- Change of Public opinion with reference to terrorists.
- Privatization of Steel Mill and other units.
- Sustenance of Democracy.
- Emergence of Third political force and 2013 Elections.
- Changing status and role of women.
6. Some negative impacts:
- Revealing of national secretes.
- Promotion of obscenity.
- Deterioration of morality.
- Spread of consumerism.
- Causing of mental unrest.
- Deteriorations of foreign relation of country.
- Damage to the image of nation and state.
7. Causes of Evils of the Media:
8. Recommendations:​FB Group: CSS Future Champions.
• For ensuring independence of Media:
- Enactment of Laws.
- Public awareness campaign.
- Active role of civil society.
- Independent role of judiciary.
- Mature role of media organizations.
• For eradication of evils of Media:
- Enactment of laws and strict implementation.
- Effective role of regulatory authorities.
- Establishment of effective mechanism within media organizations.
- Devising of a consensus-based code of conduct collectively by media organizations.
- Provision of better work facilities to media personnel.
- Promotion of media education as an important field.
- Training of media personnel.
9. Conclusion:​FB Group: CSS Future Champions.

(11) Energy Crisis in Pakistan: Consequences

and Recommendation
1. Introduction:
2. Pakistan’s Energy Scenario:
3. Sources of energy procurement in Pakistan:
4. Issues faced by Energy sector:
5. Consequences of energy crisis:
6. Recommendations:
• Short term measures:
- Resolution of circular debt issue.
- Prompt implementation of NEPRA determined tariffs.
- Ensuring recovery of revenue from public sector.
- Crackdown on energy thefts.
- Energy conservation campaign and demand management.
- Use of copper transmission wires for rectifying line losses.
• Medium term measures.
- Development of integrated energy policy.
- Allotment of funds to GENCOs for refurbishment of plants and transmission system.
• Long term measures.
7. Conclusion.
FB Group: CSS Future Champions.

(12) Corruption in Pakistan: Mother of all

Evils
1. Introduction:
2. Historical Background:
- Colonial period.
- WW II and Partition huge defense money.
- Nationalization policy.
- Proxy wars.
3. Current Scenario:
- Loss in National exchequer.
- Ranking by transparency international.
- Tax to GDP ratio.
4. Causes:​FB Group: CSS Future Champions.
- Absence of culture of accountability:
- Incompetent Judiciary:
- Highly centralized Economic system:
- Absence of rule of law:
- Punctuated constitutional supremacy:
- High inflation and food prices:
- Meager Salaries of Govt. Servants:
- Capitalist class competition:
- Materialistic approach and evasion of religious and Ethnic values:
- Incompetent Bureaucracy:
- Tax Evasion:
- Culture of writing off loans:
- Poor Governance:
- Non-Disclosure of Information:
- Nepotism and Favoritism:
- Feudalism:
5. Impacts:​FB Group: CSS Future Champions.
- Loss of development by eating up funds in commission.
- Impediment in FDI.
- More foreign aid and loans leading to dependence.
- Election rigging.
- Fake degrees.
- Deteriorated International image:
- Increase in crimes:
- Undermines poverty alleviation:
- It undermines democracy:
- Hinders good governance:
- Hampers Economic growth:
- Violate Human Rights:
- Impedes FDI:
- Enhances operating cost government:
- Scuttles level of Revenue:
- Reduces the resources available for Social programs:
6. Remedies:
- True Leadership:
- Active NAB. ​FB Group: CSS Future Champions.
- Strong punishment.
- Anti-bribery courts.
- Free judiciary.
- Free media.
- Imparting Islamic values.
- Ethical counseling through Education:
- Ensuring meritocracy instead of red tapism:
- Increased Salaries and Employment opportunities:
- Punishment:
- Transparency:
- Role of Media:
- Accountability at all levels, no sacred cows:
- Fair use of power and authority.
- Rule of Law in letter and sprit:
- Legislation:
- Renovation and Reformation:
7. Conclusion:

(13) Environmental Pollution

1. Introduction:​FB Group: CSS Future Champions.
- It has destroyed civilizations.
- The Mesopotamia civilization that flourished some eight thousand ago between the rivers of Tigris and
Euphrates was destroyed by water and land pollution i.e. water logging, salinity and silt.
- Biggest issue at global level.
2. Kinds of Pollution:
• Atmospheric:
• Water:
• Soil:
• Noise:
3. Impacts:
• Depletion of Ozone layer:
• Acid Rains:
• Green House effect:
• Global warming:
• Damage to natural ecosystem:
• Health hazards:
• Extinction of various species:
4. State of Pollution in Pakistan:
• Industrial:
• Coastal:
• Urban:
• Agricultural:
• Water:
• Air:
• Noise:
5. Causes of Pollution:
• Unplanned Industrialization:
• Incongruous Transport:
• Garbage/Solid Waste:
• Pressure Horns:
• Fertilizers and Pesticides:
• Nuclear waste:
6. International Efforts to curb menace of Pollution:
- Earth Summit 1992.
- Metrological research studies on pollution 1995.
- Kyoto Summit 1997.
- Johannesburg Summit 2002.
- Paris Agreement 2016.
7. National Level Efforts:
- Legislative Measures.
- Participation of people.
- Role of Media.
- Checks and Controls.
- To stop unplanned urbanization.
- Population control. ​FB
Group: CSS Future Champions.
8. Remedial Measures to curb Pollution:
• Sound/Effective industrial planning:
• Alternative transport/Electric Transport (Use of CNG, LPG):
• Decomposition of nuclear waste:
• Proper Sanitation:
• Alternative energy generation to avoid use of fossil fuels:
• Plantation of Trees:
• Use of NH3/Green house gasses in refrigeration and air-conditioning.
• Awareness Campaigns:
9. Conclusion:
(14) Global/World Economic Recession
1. Introduction:​FB Group: CSS Future Champions.
- Definition of world economy.
- Definition of Recession.
- Background.
- Brief overview of current crisis.
2. Global Economy:
- Trends.
- Dimensions.
- Common financial instruments.
- Key players.
3. Recession Causes:
- Investment by businesses. ​FB Group: CSS Future Champions.
- Stock market crashes.
- Increase in oil prices.
- Devaluation of paper money.
- Inflation.
- Housing bubble.
- Slowdown of economic growth.
- Unethical banking practices.
4. Effects of Recession:
- Layoffs.
- Large companies going bankrupt.
- Impact on industrial output.
- Unemployment.
- Widening Rich-Poor gap.
- Nationalization. ​FB Group: CSS Future Champions.
- Government intervention.
- Business and export losses.
- Impact on economy.
5. Countermeasures:
6. Conclusion:
(15) Terrorism: The biggest threat to
Pakistan
1. Introduction:​FB Group: CSS Future Champions.
2. History of Terrorism in Pakistan: An overview.
3. Pakistan faces various forms of Terrorism:
- Ethnic/Sectarian:
- Nationalist/Separatist:
- Jihad/Islamist:

4. Causes:
• Internal Causes:
o Social:
- Unequal distribution of wealth. ​FB Group: CSS Future Champions.
- Augmenting Illiteracy:
- Increasing social injustice:
- Lack of social securities.
- Population growth:
- Dissatisfaction:
- Child labor.
- Retaliation.
o Political :
- Nepotism and favoritism.
- Derailment of democracy.
- Corruption.
- Instability.
- Deteriorated law and situation.
- Lack of transparency and accountability.
o Economic:
- Poverty and deprivation.
- Unemployment and inflation. ​FB Group: CSS Future Champions.
- Stagnation.
• Religious:
- Sectarianism.
- Religious intolerance.
- Brainwash and misinterpretation of religion.
• External:
- West Global War on terror:
- Sky picot.
- Arab Spring.
- Russian invasion on Afghanistan and 9/11.
- Exploitation:
- Hegemonic designs:
- Meddling into affairs of other states:
- Kashmir and Palestine Issue.
- State sponsored terrorism.

5. Is Terrorism a Great Threat:

Yes:
- To Democracy:
- Economy.
- To Infrastructure
- To Life.
- To investment.
- To social service​FB Group: CSS Future Champions.​s.
- To Sovereignty:
- To Economy:
- To Governance:
- To Progress:
- To National Security:
- To National integrity:
- To Political Stability:
- To Fundamental Human rights:
FB Group: CSS Future Champions.
6. Recommendations:
- End of meddling into affairs of other countries.
- End of Stereotypical war on terror.
- Disputes resolved through dialogues.
- Educating masses.
- Role of Media.
- Provision of speedy justice.
- Provision of economic opportunities to masses.
- Restoration of peace and stability.
- Using influence of religious leaders:
- Utilizing Civil Society:
- Employing Media Effectively:
- Revamping Education System:
- Resolving Afghan Issue:
- Ensuring competent Intelligence: Joint Intelligence Directorate:
- Activation of NACTA:
- Alleviating deprivation:​FB Group: CSS Future Champions.
- Provision of Justice:
- Political Will:
- Dealing hardly with Militants:

7. Conclusion:
(16) Women Empowerment would
Empower Pakistan
FB Group: CSS Future Champions.

1. Introduction:
2. Current Scenario of women in Pakistan and its impact on Pakistan:
3. Interplay of women empowerment and prosperity of Pakistan:
4. Economic benefits of women empowerment:
• Increase in potential and diverse workforce:
• Increase in per capita income:
• Broadening of tax base:
FB Group: CSS Future Champions.
5. Social benefits of Women Empowerment:
• Alleviation of Poverty:
• Increase in Literacy rate:
• Alleviation in incidence of domestic violence:
• Population control:

6. Political Benefits of Women Empowerment:

• Vote consciousness:
• Increase in national suffrage:
• Healthy political process:
• Legislation of women related laws:
• Improved Image of Pakistan:
7. Conclusion:

(17) Need of Good Governance in Pakistan

1. Introduction:
2. Essentials of Good Governance:
• Political Stability:
• Constitutional supremacy:
• Effective implementation of law:
• Effective Administrative hierarchy:
• Vibrant foreign policy:
• Social justice: distribution of resources​FB Group: CSS Future Champions.​.
• Transparency:
• Public participation in decision making:
• Uniform education system:
• Freedom of Media:

3. Status of Governance in Pakistan:

• Political instability:
• Leadership vacuum.
• Lack of accountability:
• Crippled economy:
• Deteriorated law and order situation:
• Incapable laws enforcement agencies:
• Social insecurity:

4. Suggestions:
• Effective democratic system:
• Rule of Law:
• Effective political, administrative and economic system:
• Investment friendly environment:
• Education for all:
• Public participation in decision making:
5. Conclusion:

FB Group: CSS Future Champions.

(18) Pakistan Rich in Natural Resources but

Poor in Their Management
1. Introduction:
2. Natural resources and their management:
3. Richness/Abundance of natural resources in Pakistan:
4. Pakistan’s natural resources and their management:
• Energy Resources
- Non-renewable energy resources:
o Oil and gas reserves:
o Coal Reserves:
- Renewable energy resources:
o Wind Power:
o Solar Power:
o Hydro power:​FB Group: CSS Future Champions.
• Agricultural Resources:
- Irrigation Network:
- Fertile Land:
- Variety of Crops:
- Animal Husbandry:
- Fishing:
• Mineral Resources:
- Copper and gold resources:
- Salt mines and other mineral:
• Human Resources:
- Sixth largest population in world:
- Youth comprising major chunk:
5. Factors leading to poor management:
• Poor governance:
• Political rivalry:
• Lack of Planning and vision:
• Inconsistent and flawed policies:
• Bureaucratic bottleneck and corruption:
• Worsening law and order situation:
6. Implications of mismanagement of natural resources:
7. Way forward:
8. Conclusion:

(19) Liberal Education

1. Introduction:​FB Group: CSS Future Champions.
2. Importance:
3. Spheres of Liberal Education:
4. Objectives:
• To produce Informed Citizens:
• To develop creative thinking:
• To improve skills and competitiveness:
• To inculcate Communication skills:
5. Present Style of education in Pakistan:
6. Prerequisites for liberal education:
7. Advantages of liberal Education:
• Economic Development:
• Employment opportunities:
• Interdependent and stable society:
• Peace and harmony in society:
8. Conclusion:

(20) Disaster Management in Pakistan

1. Introduction:
2. Disaster Management:
3. Phases of Disaster Management:
• Mitigation:
• Preparedness:
• Response:
• Recovery:
4. History of Disasters in Pakistan:
5. Structure of Disaster Management in Pakistan:
6. Role of NDMA:
7. Abysmal state of Disaster preparedness and management in Pakistan:
8. Impacts of weak Disaster Management:
• Food Crisis:
• Health Hazards:
• Ravaged infrastructure:
• Unemployment and Economic loss:
• Militancy and crime:
• Political upset:
9. Measures to Improve DMS:
10. Conclusion:​FB Group: CSS Future Champions.

(21) Global Warming

1. Introduction:
2. What is Global Warming:
3. Evidences of Global Warming:
• Temperature:​FB Group: CSS Future Champions.
• Precipitation:
• Rise in sea level:
• Ice melting and floods:
4. Cause of Global warming:
• Industrialization:
• Transport:
• Combustion for cooking and heat:
• Deforestation:
• Air condition and Refrigerators:
5. Causes of Global Warming:
6. Sources of Emission:
7. Impacts of Global Warming:
• Extreme weather conditions:
• Affected marginalized communities:
• Coastal areas:
• Frequent and strong storms and floods:
• Health problems:
• Ecosystem destruction:
• Agriculture loss:
• Damages to life:
• Impact on economy:
• Impact on animals:
• Melting of glaciers:
8. Strategies to mitigate global warming:
• Use of renewable energy resources:
• Plantation and forestation:
• Energy efficient appliances:
• Recycling:
• Energy conservation and efficiency:
• Individual efforts:
• Reduction of combustion of fossil fuels:
• Family planning to reduce population growth:
9. Conclusion:

(22) Perils of Muslim Union

1. Introduction:
- Muslim population comprising 2/3rd of world’s total population:
- Enormous potential—Muslim world lag behind in all spheres of life.
- Thesis statement leading to conclusion.
2. Overview of economic potential of the Muslim union:
- World’s largest oil reserves.
- Arabian peninsula enjoys a significant strategic position in the world
- Strait of Hormuz—60% of world’s oil route.
- Economic growth rate in SA, UAE and Kuwait.
- OIC—a potential organization.
3. Perils of Muslim Ummah:
• Economic Causes:
- Lack of Economic cooperation:​FB Group: CSS Future Champions.
- Diversified economic interests:
- Lack of Economic Cohesion and Unity:
• Political Causes:
- Absence of democracy—Monarchial forms of Government:
• Technological and Educational backwardness:
- Lowest literacy rate:
- Lack of scientific research and education:
- Inability to cope with the changing global trends:
• Cultural Causes:
- Islam versus the west:
- Islam perceived as threat to modernization:
• Terrorism:
- Inefficiency of organization since last three decades:
- Annual meetings without practical resolutions:
• OIC—A dead organization:

4. Current situation and implication of the above mentioned factors:

- Muslim Ummah caught up in vicious cycle of terrorism, economic and political crisis:
- Muslim Ummah targeted by west in the name of Islam.
- Inability to resolve the core issues of Muslim world like:
I. Kosovo, Kashmir, Palestine, Iraq, Afghanistan.
II. Economic backwardness.
III. Poverty, Overpopulation and high crime rate.
IV. Low GDP and FDI.
V. Meager contribution in world trade.
VI. Least infrastructure development
VII. Educational backwardness.
5. Suggestions:
• Economic Cooperation:
- Open the barriers of trade.
- Enhance exports.
- Make use of oil reserves to the benefit of whole Muslim Ummah.
- Easy visa policies.
• Muslim world—to raise voice on international forums for conflict resolution:
- Kashmir issue to be taken on UN Forum.
- Efforts for getting permanent seat on UNSC.
- Unity to stop west war against Islam.
• Muslim Integration—Need of the hour:
- Muslim unity—only solution of problems
- Muslim Monetary fund to be established.
- Aid to poor Muslim countries.
- Rehabilitation fund to be established for Disasters.
• OIC—to be made a vibrant organization:
- Changes in structures of the organization.
- Muslim union on the pattern of EU should be formed.
- Frequent meetings should be held with persistence political will.
- Economic assistance and guidance to poor countries.
6. Conclusion:

(23) World Order: From Unipolar to

Multipolar
1. Introduction:
2. Brief History of world order:
3. US—Unipolar status:
4. Determinants of World order:
• Economic strength:
• Military Power:
• International Political clout:
• Ideological appeal:
- The paradigm shift:
- Catalyst Factors:
• Energy resources:
• Iraq war:
• Financial crisis:
• Globalization:
7. Future Scenario—Multipolar world:
8. Conclusion:
(24) Global Zero: A World without Nuclear
Weapons.

1. Introduction:
2. Brief history of nuclear weapons:
3. Perils of Nuclear weapons:
4. Need to eliminate nuclear weapons:
5. Global zero initiative:
6. Is this goal achievable:
Yes:
• Historical support:
• Political will:
• Strong public support:
• New leadership:
7. How to achieve it:
• Ratification of NPT/CTBT:
• Reduction by US and Russia:
• Elimination by all nuclear states:
• Follow up: Control mechanism:
- Creation of international nuclear fuel-bank:
9. Advantages of Global zero:
10. Conclusion:

(25) Crisis of Good Governance in Pakistan

1. Introduction:
2. Essentials of Good Governance:
- Promotion of national cohesion:
- National integration:
- Institutional supremacy:
- Independent Judiciary:
- Constitutional supremacy:
- Rule of Law:
- Political stability:
- Educational Opportunities:
- Socio-Economic Development:
- Equal distribution of resources:
- Welfare state with provision of social securities:
- Strong writ of government on all fronts:
3. Situation of Governance in Pakistan:
- Forces of disintegration stronger than cohesion.
- Weak writ of the government.
- No rule of law.
- Political instability.
- Interprovincial conflicts.
- Unequal distribution of resources.
- Pakistan presenting a picture of extreme bad governance on all fronts.
4. Causes of bad governance:
• Political:
- Parliament—a toothless tiger.
- Political instability due to constant military intervention.
- Issue of provincialism on revenue, resources and demand of provincial autonomy.
• Administrative:
- Bureaucratic hold on all institutions.
- Political interference on bureaucracy.
- Corruption—Mother of all evils.
- Absence of culture of accountability.
- Mismanagement of resources.
- Pakistan a soft state because of inability of implementation of policies due to lack of consensus.
• Economic:
- Fragile economy—FDI shrinking on account of terrorism and political instability.
- Crisis of energy, food, water.
• Social:
- Poverty.
- Population growth.
- Illiteracy.
5. Remedies:
- True, Capable leadership.
- Strong Anti-corruption campaign.
- Strict accountability.
- Socio-Economic Development.
- More funds for education.
- Efforts for population control.
- Poverty alleviation.
- Employment opportunities.
- Equal distribution of resources.
- Ensuring freedom of press.
6. Conclusion:
(26) Industrial Sector
1. Introduction:
2. Historical perspective:
3. Present Scenario:
4. Industrial Problems:
- Narrow export base.
- Import oriented industries.
- Consumption oriented society.
- Low quality of labor.
- Low quality of products.
- Lack of new techniques and machinery.
- Political unrest. ​FB Group: CSS Future Champions.
- Terrorism and extremism.
- Devaluation and inflation tendencies
- Lack of guidance.
- Lack of Research.
- Low capital.
- Inadequate infrastructure.
- Power crisis.
5. Measures for betterment of Industrial sector:
- Increased exports.
- Produce import substitutions.
- Improve quality of product.
- Improve quality of labor.
- Establish industrial consultancy firms.
- Increase capital goods.
- Establish basic infrastructure for industry.
- Realistic and up to date data and statistics to the sector.
6. Privatization:
- Negative points of privatization of many industries.
- Abnormal haste—in disposing off units.
- Weak assessment criteria.
- Nepotism.
- Manipulation.
- Accumulation of wealth.
- Contradictory disinvestment.
- Absence of regulatory mechanism.
7. Recommendation:
- Logistics.
- Productivity.
- Consensus management.
- Literacy.
- Utilization of proceeds of assets.
- Employment.
- Economic Development.
- Social Justice.
8. Conclusion:

(27) Ideology of Pakistan

1. Introduction:
- Pakistan came into existence when the first Muslim put his feet on the soil of the subcontinent (Jinnah)
- Meaning and Definition.
2. How it Emerges:
- Process, not in a day.
- Nor be dictated neither promulgated.
- Grows among dejected, annoyed and dissatisfied groups.
- When people feel that they are mistreated and existing ideology does not satisfy them any more.
3. Significance:
- It is need of nation, state or religion.
- It sets the goals and direction of individual, nation or world at large.
4. Characteristics of Ideology:
- Not stagnant, dynamic.
- Based on sources.
- Roots in fanatic slogans.
- May depend on political theories.
- May emanate some historical facts.
5. Islamic Ideology:
- Name of principles and norms, which guide Muslims community based upon:
- Sovereignty of Allah, Concept of Toheed and Finality of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH).
6. Ideology of Pakistan:
7. The concept of two nations:
8. Sir Syed Ahmed Khan and Two Nation Theory:
9. Allama Iqbal and Two Nation Theory:
10. Quid e Azam and Two Nation Theory:
11. Demands of Pakistan Ideology:
12. Conclusion:

(28) Foreign Policy of Pakistan

1. Introduction:
2. Objectives:
- Preservation of political independence and nationality integrity. ​FB Group: CSS Future
Champions.
- Defense—Maintenance of powerful and sophisticated defense.
- Muslim unity—strengthening brotherly relations with Muslim countries.
- Economic development.
- Emancipation—from colonialism, imperialism and apartheid policy.
- Maintenance of International peace and security.
3. Foreign Policy Principles:
- Respect for territorial integrity.
- Political independence.
- Sovereignty of country.
- Non-Interference into affairs of other countries.
- Non-Aggression—peaceful resolution of disputes.
- Friendship to all malice to none.
- Peaceful coexistence.
4. Historical background of Pakistan FP:
- Era of Neutrality (1947-53).
- Era of Alliances (1954-62).
- Era of Bilateralism (1962-69).
- Era of NAM (1969-81).
- Era of revival of Policy (1981-90).
- Era of Regionalism (1990-9/11)
- FP After 9/11.
5. Policy debate in Pakistan:
- All these institution and factors are mainly responsible for making foreign Policy of Pakistan.
- President, PM, COAS, FO, Intelligence agencies, Public pressure.
6. School of thought in Pakistan:
- Pro-US completely in favor of serving US interests.
- Semi Pro-US Balance approach.
- Muslim school of thought—Against US.
7. Present Policy:

8. Threats:

- Bad International image.

- Nuclear proliferation.
- Base of Terrorism.
- National integration at stake.
- Independence at stake.
- China-Pak relations many threats.
- Damaged image among Muslim countries.
9. Suggestions:
- China-Pak relations to be strengthened.
- Russia should be placed in friend list.
- Relations with Muslim countries should be improved.
10. Conclusion:

(29) Agriculture Sector of Pakistan

V
1. Introduction:
- Importance of Agriculture sector in economy.
- Greatest wealth of Pakistan vast plains.
- Different crops.
2. Overview of Agriculture sector of Pakistan:
- Contribution to DGP 30%.
- Employment 55%.
- Exports 70%.
- Livelihood for 70% of rural population.
- Despite vast plains and world’s best irrigation system, country is not self sufficient in agricultural
commodities.
3. Problems of Agriculture sector:
• Financial:
- Inadequate funds allocation.
- Pricing policy.
- Rural credit.
• Resource development:
- Water problem.
- Floods.
- Salinity.
- Soil erosion.
• Agricultural inputs:
- Fertilizers.
- Seeds.
- Plant protecti​FB Group: CSS Future Champions.​on.
• Mechanization Problem:
- Sowing and harvesting.
- High cost of technology.
• Social Problems:
- Illiteracy.
- Health.
- Transport.
- Exploitation by intermediaries.
- Few educational institutes.
- Lack of research.
- Population growth.
4. Recommendations:
- Educational facilities.
- Land reforms.
- Construction of dams.
- Agricultural research.
- Protect water lagging and salinity.
- Lining of canals.
- Agri technology.
- Plant protection.
- Credit and loans facilities.
- Improved inputs.
- Reduce population pressure.
- Media campaigns.
5. Prospects of Agriculture sector:
6. Conclusion:

(30) Education
1. Introduction:
2. Importance:
• Personal level:
• Community level:
• National level:
3. Education system of Pakistan:
4. Levels of Education:
- Primary.
- Elementary.
- Secondary and Higher Secondary.
- Higher education.
- Postproduction.
- Technical and vocatitional.
5. Overview of Education in Pakistan:
- Literacy rate and female education.
- Budget allocation.
6. Education problems:
- Low quality.
- Lack of uniform education.
- Lack of facilities at schools.
- Poor infrastructure.
- Recruitment on political basis.
- Economic cost of education and child labor.
- Lack of community participation.
- Student teacher ratio.
- Increased cost of higher education.
- Crippled examination system.
- Non-professional attitude of teachers.
- Brain drain.
- Low budget allocation:
- Urban/Rural divide: ​FB Group: CSS Future Champions.
7. Remedies:
- Decentralization of decision making.
- Greater autonomy of schools.
- Coordination of school systems.
- Remove political interference.
- Enhance information and research base.
- Free Education.
- Scholarships.
- Effective examination systems.
- Assurance of merit.
- Curriculum reforms.
- Practical and activity based teaching.
8. Reform in Education Sector:
- Education for all EFA.
- Adult literacy.
- Free and compulsory education.
- Technical education.
- Teacher training programs.
- Abandon physical punishment.
- Quality assurance.
- AV Aids.
- Educational research.
- Classroom management.
- Uniform education system.
9. Conclusion:
- Education is a social instrument through which man can guide his destiny and shape his future.
- An unenlightened mind is nothing but a sorry lamp to light the steps of any man or woman.

FB Group: CSS Future Champions.

(31) Energy Crisis

1. Introduction:
2. Forms of Energy:
• Kinetic Energy:
- Sound.
- Wind.
- Mechanical.
- Electrical.
- Thermal,
- Light, Solar.
• Potential Energy:
- Gravitational.
- Hydal.
- Nuclear.
- Chemical.
3. Types of Energy shortage:
• Supply shortage:
• Capacity Shortage:
4. Sector wise energy consumption:
- Household 43%.
- Industries 30%.
- Agri 13%.
- Government 7%
- Commercial 5%
- Street lights 0.7%
5. Energy generation and demand (Figures June 2009)
• Energy Demand 25,000mw.
• Energy Supply 19,505mw.
• Gap: 3,000mw average, 4000-6000 in peak season.
• Duration of Load shedding:
6. Causes of Energy crisis:
- No policy and planning.
- Underutilization of installed capacity.
- Public negligence and wastage.
- No dams and proper water managemen​FB Group: CSS Future Champions.​t.
- Lack of Political will.
- Dependence on thermal plants.
- Maladministration of previous regimes:
- Under utilization of existing resources:
- Circular Debt:
- Line losses in transmission and distribution:
- Wastage by industries:
- Large scale theft of electricity:
- Corruption:
- Lack of political will:
- Shortage of funds:
- Overdependence on imported energy:
- Population growth.
- No use of alternative energy sources.
7. Effects of Energy crisis:
• Economic:
- Effect on industry sector.
- Effect on agriculture sector.
- Capital flight to other countries.
- Low FDI.
- Inflation.
- Poverty.
- Stagnant economy.
- Low export and increased imports.
• Social:
- Public turmoil.
- Anti-government sentiments.
- Affecting education and students.
- Every sphere of life is affected.
- Psychological impact on minds
• Political:
- Decreased credibility of politicians.
- Derailment of democracy.

8. Strategies to overcome the energy crisis:

- Changing office time:
- Energy savers:
- Renewable sources:
- Coal and Hydro power plants:
- Solve circular debt issue
- Power conservation and generation projects:
- Laodshedding in transparent manner:
- To avoid tariffs:
- Replacement of inefficient plants:
- Minimize line losses:
• Construction of new dams:
- Kalabagh Dam 3600mw capacity.
- Bhasa Dam 4500mw.
- Nelum-Jehlum 1960mw.
- Tarbela Dam 960mw.
- Suki-Kinari Dam 850mw.
- Munda Dam 700mw.
• Institutional and administrative improvement:
- Effective policy.
- WAPDA, PEPCO, KE prepare new projects.
- Technical competence and expertise.
• Utilization of largest deposits of coal:
- Thar coals deposits.
-
• Regional cooperation:
- TAPI, IP.
- Import from Tajikistan.
• Renewable energy sources availed:
- Solar, wind, hydal, tidal, geothermal etc.
- Research in concerned field.
• Public awareness:
- Use of savers.
- Avoid wastage.
• Dynamic and active leadership and political will:
9. Conclusion:

(32) Good Governance

1. Introduction:
2. Actors of Good Governance:
- Government:
- Influential landlords:
- Associations of peasants farmers:
- NGOs:
- Religious Leaders:
- Political parties:
- Opposition:
- Bureaucracy:
- Military:
- Media:
3. State of Governance in Pakistan:
- Institutional imbalance:
- Interprovincial tussle:
- Lack of provision of justice:
- Deteriorated law and order:
- Corruption:
- Intolerance:
- Population growth:
- Poverty, Inflation and Unemployment:
- Water and energy crisis:
- Political instability:
- Demonstrations and sit-ins:
- Tax evasions:
- Electricity theft:
- Poor knowledge:
- Mounting external debt:
4. Causes of Bad Governance:
- Mismanagement:
- Corruption:
- Institutional decay:
- Derailment of Democracy:
- Political elites:
- Lack of accountability:
- Lack of civic awareness:
- Lack of political will:
5. Characteristics of Good Governance:
- Sound political system:
- Equal Opportunities and merit system:
- Equal distribution of resources:
- Strong writ of government on all fronts.
- National Integration:
- Institutional supremacy:
- Dynamic Leadership:
- Political stability:
- Rule of Law:
- Social Justice:
- Equal Participation:
- Eradication of Corruption:
- Democratic government:
- Freedom of Expression:
- Transparency:
- Responsiveness:
- Consensus:
- Inclusiveness:
- Efficiency:
- Decentralization/Devolution:
6. Recommendations:
- Institutional supremacy:
- Inter-provincial cooperation:
- Accountability:
- Alleviation of corruption:
- Policy reforms.
- Social securities:
- Rule of Law:
- Free media:
- Speedy justice:
- Anti-corruption measures.
7. Fruits of Good Governance:
- Economic development:
- Welfare state:
- National Integration:
- Challenges faced with letter and spirit:
8. Conclusion:

FB Group: CSS Future Champions.

(33) Military Operations & Its Impacts

1. Introduction:
2. Causes of Operations:
• To eliminate terrorism:
• To restore peace:
3. Importance of Operations:
• To alloy with developed nations:
• To build goodwill with foreign countries:
• To Clear the negative elements from society:
• To protect the religion:
4. Negative Impacts of Operations:
• IDPs problem:
• Civil unrest:
• Retaliation:
• Loss of Property and lives:
• Decline in foreign exchange:
• Disinvestment:
• Emerge of new terrorists:
5. Positive Impacts of Operations:
• Peace and stability:
• Writ of state:
• Positive image:
6. Conclusion:

(34) Third Gender and Their Rights

1. Introduction:
- What is third gender?
- Civil rights.
2. Third gender and their abilities:
- A creature of God.
- Sexually impaired not physically.
- Mental abilities as par normal human.
3. Rights of normal humans and third gender:
- Their rights and implementation.
- No right to vote.
- Irrational behavior toward them.
4. Islam and rights of third gender:
- Islam despised social division.
- Equal rights for them.
5. Their rights and treatment in western society:
- No apt rights for them.
- Treated as sex slaves.
6. India and third gender:
7. Third gender and Pakistan’s society:
- No Respect.
- Treated as sex slaves and puppet.
- They are also reluctant to become part of society.
- No jobs. ​FB Group: CSS Future Champions.
8. Constitution and rights of third gender:
- Meager provisions.
- Lethargic implementation.
9. What need to do:
- Treat them as humans.
- Create awareness in society.
- Promote education among them.
- Provide respectful job.
- Voting rights.
- Integrate them in to mainstream of society.
- Legitimize their rights.
10. Conclusion:

(35) Is Military Rule better than Democracy

1. Introduction;
2. Democracy and its effects:
3. Democracy in the west:
4. Islamic concept of democracy:
- Equity and equality as corner stone.
- Muslim democratic rules in different parts of world.
5. Military rule its causes and effects:
- Causes of military rule.
- Its effects on society.
- Analysis of military rule in different parts of world.
6. Democracy vs. dictatorship in Pakistan:
- Democratic history of Pakistan.
- Dictatorship and its impacts.
7. Current scenario:
• Democracy failed in Pakistan because:
- Military interventions.
- Greedy politicians.
- Corruption.
8. How to become true democratic country:
- Democratic values should flourish.
- Discourage feudalism.
- Intra party elections
9. Conclusion:
10.

(36) Economic Challenges faced by Pakistan

1. Introduction:
2. Brief History about economy of Pakistan:
3. Challenges faced by Pakistan:
- Inflation.
- Low Tax to GDP ratio.
- Devaluation of money.
- Trade deficit and balance of payment issue.
- Poverty, unemployment.
- Poor health and educational facilities.
- Poor law and order.
- Political instability.
- Immature media.
- External debt, caught in foreign cloches.
- Mismanagement and underutilization of natural resources.
- Energy crisis.
- Low FDI.
- Incompetent judiciary.
- Corruption.
- Low capital formation.
- Low savings.
- Population pressure.
- No technology.
- Agrarian economy.
- No protection of industrial sector.
- Leadership gap.
- Inconsistent policies.
- Untrained Labor force.
4. Causes of economic turmoil:
- Mismanagement.
- Terrorism.
- Leadership gap.
- Governance issue.
- External debt.
- Civil unrest.
- Public issues unresolved.
- Poor law and order situation.
- No research and development.
- Population pressure.
- Less funds for education.
- Lack of capital goods.
- Trade deficit.
5. Remedial measures:
- Exploration of new markets.
- Industrialization.
- Tight monetary policy.
- Investor’s friendly policies.
- Regional peace.
- Improved law and order.
- Good governance:
- Energy.
6. Conclusion:

(37) Promotion of Tax culture in Pakistan

1. Introduction:
2. An overview of current tax regime in Pakistan:
- Dependence on sales, income and custom tax.
- Usefulness of current tax system and its inherent inefficiencies.
- Negative public attitude.
- Need for promotion of tax culture in the country and its significance.
3. Prospects:
- Restructuring FBR.
- Broadening tax base.
- Automation of FBR to facilitate stakeholders.
- Moving to direct tax from indirect.
- Incentive based tax system.
- Public Awareness campaign.

4. Challenges:
- Red-Tapism:
- Rampant Corruption:
- Complex tax code:
- Tax illiteracy:
- Meddled Center-Provincial tax system:
- Large undocumented economy:
- Public-Government Mistrust:

5. Conclusion:
(38) I Disapprove What You Say but I defend
to death Your Right to Say
8. Introduction:
9. I disapprove what you say:
- Difference of opinion is the beauty of any society.
- Why difference of opinion should be protected.
10. But I would defend to death your right to say:
- Defining freedom of speech.
- Importance of freedom of speech.
- Freedom speech and fundamental rights.
- Freedom of speech as incorporated into the constitutions.
- Religious perspectives on freedom of speech.
- Freedom of speech and democracy.
- Limitations of freedom of speech.
11. Challenges and obstacles to freedom of speech:
- Religious extremism.
- Populist tendencies.
- Growing intolerance.
12. Measures to ensure right of freedom of speech:
13. Conclusion:

(39) Dialogue is the best course to combat terrorism

1. Introduction:
2. Terrorism:
3. Means to combat terrorism:
- Operation.
- Dialogue.
1. Why dialogue has been necessary:
- Save massive killing.
- To avoid retaliation.
- Decrease animosity.
- Ideology be changed, not with forces.
1. How Dialogue is the best course:
- Saves life.
- Economic stability.
- Controlled situation.
- View points of every one taken into the consideration.
- Peaceful, co-effective and sustainable. ​FB Group: CSS Future Champions.
1. Recommendations for effective dialogue process:
- Root cause is to be dealt.
- All stockholders be taken in confidence.
- National interests on the top.
- Public support.
- Tolerant, cooperative and optimistic attitude.
2. Conclusion:
FB Group: CSS Future Champions.