4/27/2018

What is TIA
Traffic Impact Assessment
 Making adequate provision for movement
(TIA) to and from land use developments such
as offices, shopping centres, recreational
complexes, educational institutions and
residential development during the
planning & design stages

H.N Prasanga, BSc Eng ( Moratuwa ) , AMIESL

Engineer
Road Development Authority

Contents
TIA applications
 What is TIA
 TIA applications
 Development planning
 Key Elements
 Planning of urban centres
 Information
 TIA Process in Sri Lanka  Planning of local areas
 Planning & Building Regulations  Regional planning
 Warrants for TIA
 Parking Demand Calculations
 Trip Generation
 Other considerations
 Drawbacks in the current system

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Important Transport Aspects in Existing condition

Facility Design  Site location - map of the site location and plan of the
site
 Road Network and access - the type of roads, width
 Accessibility etc.
 On-site vehicle circulation  Land use - the existing land use in the area, and major
upcoming developments (if relevant)
 Parking facilities  Traffic Flows - manual classified counts, turning
movement counts etc.
 Traffic management -existing traffic signal timings,
turning movement restrictions (U-turns, right turn
restriction etc.), other road signs/lane markings
 Public transport and pedestrian facilities - pedestrian
flows, public transport surveys (bus counts), walkway
widths and condition, distance to pedestrian crossings
and bus stops.

Key Elements Proposed Development

 Assessment of existing traffic condition
 Details about the development
 Description of the proposed
 Access details to the development
development
 Vehicle circulation within the
 Identification of Impacts due to the
proposed development development
 Parking requirement/supply of the
development

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Impacts
TIA Process in Sri Lanka
 Traffic generation  Governed by the Planning and Building
 Traffic distribution (direction/vehicle type) Regulations gazetted by Urban
 Impacts on road safety Development Authority (UDA)
 Impacts of generated traffic  Parking & Traffic Control (Regulation 34)

 Impacts on public transport  Mainly arranged by the Urban

Development Authority, Enforcement
 Mitigatory measures
Division

Information City of Colombo Development Plan

 Area Map
 Site Plan
 Building Plans/Drawings
 Traffic Counts (ADT)
 Photographs

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Planning & Building Regulations The Determination of the need for

a TIA
 The need for a TIA is a responsibility of
the Planning Committee
 Every development submitted for
approval is evaluated to identify the need
to conduct a TIA study
 Satisfy the warrants in the planning &
building regulations.
 If the warrants are not satisfied and the
location is sensitive, still the authority can
ask to conduct a TIA report.

The main Components of the TIA Report Preparation

TIA Process
 After determining the need for a TIA ,
UDA requests the developer to submit a
 The Determination of the need for a TIA TIA report for the subject development
 The scope of the TIA  The developer prepares a TIA report with
 The preparation of the TIA the assistance of a qualified Traffic
Engineer in accordance with the planning
and building regulations

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TIA Report includes Traffic Planning Clearance

 Introduction to the project  After accessing the TIA report, the
 Existing conditions committee suggests any improvements
◦ Site location and recommendations to be included in
◦ Road network the report
◦ Land use
◦ Traffic Flows  UDA issues a Traffic Planning Clearance
◦ Traffic Management for the development, subject to the TIA
◦ Public Transport report & its recommendations.
 Project Description  Developer needs this Traffic Planning
◦ Parking Requirement Clearance to proceed with his detailed
◦ Traffic Generation design and constructions.
 Recommendations

The traffic committee The warrants for a TIA

The TIA report is accessed in a meeting by a  The traffic ‘to’ and ‘from’ the development
Traffic Committee consists of relevant officers exceeded 10% of the two way traffic flow
from following institutions on the main high-way/road
 Traffic to and from the development
 Urban Development Authority (UDA)
exceeds 5% of the two way traffic flow on
 Road Development Authority (RDA)
 Provincial Road Development Authority the adjoining road link, where traffic
(PRDA) congestion exists or will exist within the
 Local Authority (Urban Council) assessment period or other sensitivity
 Sri Lanka Traffic Police locations

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Development having entry or exit

The warrants for a TIA Within 25m of a pedestrian crossing
 Residential development in excess of 20
unit in the concentrated development
zone and mixed commercial zone
 Residential development in excess of 50
unit in the outside of the above zones
 Commercial floor area in excess of 10000
sq.ft
 Warehousing floor area in excess of
20000 sq.ft

Pedestrian crossings near entry and

The warrants for a TIA exit locations –unsafe to pedestrians
 Retail shop floor area in excess of 5000
sq.ft
 100 trips in/out combined in peak hours
 50 on site parking spaces
 Any development having entry or exit
direct on to a road which is
◦ A National Highway
◦ Within 15m of a bus halt or bus stand
◦ Within 25m of a pedestrian crossing

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Pedestrian crossings near entry and Type of Usage

Type of Vehicles
S T.A.C M.A.C
exit locations –unsafe to pedestrians 2. Commercial
i. Retail shops/Grocery 1 for 50 sq.m - -
1 for
ii. Departmental Shops,Shopping 1 for 50 sq.m
500 -
Complex
sq.m
1 for 50 sq.m
iii. Banks with Customer Services - -

1 for
iv. Hardware 1 for 50 sq.m 50 -
sq.m
1 for 150 sq.m
v. Officers - -

1 for
1 for 10 sq.m or
vi. Restaurant and Night Clubs 500 -
restaurant space
sq.m

Type of Vehicles
Parking Demand Calculations Type of Usage
S T.A.C
M.A
.C
Type of Vehicles 2. Commercial
Multi 1 for 100 sq.m or 1 for
1 for
Two Axle Axle vii. Star Class Hotels 5 rooms 1 for 1 suite,
500
-
Type of Usage Commercial Comme whichever is more
Standard
(Lorry/Bus) rcial 1 for 50 sq.m or 1for 3 1 for
(C) (Truck viii. Guest Houses, Recreational
rooms whichever is 500 -
–T) Clubs & Lodges more
1. Residential
1 for
1 for 2 - -
ix. Cinemas, Theatres, Auditorium 1 for 20 seats
i. Flats, Dwelling units and terrace 500 -
units and similar uses
houses less than 75sq.m in gross floor
area 1 for
x. Factories & Industrial 1 for 200 sq.m 1 for
ii. Flats, Dwelling units with in gross 1 for 1 - - 200
Establishments 500
floor area 75-200 sq.m units
1 for 500 sq.m 1 for 1 for
xi. Warehouses 200 500
iii. Flats, Dwelling units with in gross 3 for 2 - -
floor area more than 200 sq.m units 1 for
xii. Other Commercial Buildings 1 for 100 sq.m 500 -
sq.m

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Type of Vehicles
Type of Usage M.A
S T.A.C
.C Standard Spaces Required for Parking
3. Health
i. Nursing Homes & Private
1 for beds -
Hospitals
3.6m
ii. Medical laboratories and OPD 1 for
1 for 20 sq.m -
areas 500

5.5m
iii. Consulting Rooms (min.size of 6 for 1 consultation

10 m
-
rooms to be 8 sq.m)

4.Education

i. Private Schools , International

1 for 20 students - -
school, Nursery Schools.
ii. Tutories & other Educational
1 for 200 sq.m - -
institute

Standard Spaces Required for Parking Standard Spaces Required for Parking
Stall Width
for Angled Stall Length Stall Length
Vehicle Type parking or for Angled for parallel
Parallel parking (m) parking (m)
parking (m)

Cycle 0.6 2.25 2.25

Motor cycle
/Three Wheel 2.1 2.4 2.5
Standard Car 2.4 4.8 5.5
Commercial
(Two Axle) 3.6 10.0 12
Commercial
(Multi Axle) 3.6 18.0 20

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Parking requirement for

Disable parking
pedal/motorcycles
 In every development where the total
parking requirement exceeds 10 stalls,
there should be 1/3 of such parking
requirements of pedal/motorcycles

Disable parking Disable parking

 The necessity and requirement of
disabled parking has been included in the  Accessible parking spaces should be located on
Disabled Persons (Accessibility) the shortest accessible route into a building or
Regulations, No. 1 of 2006 facility, and should be roofed wherever possible.
 These regulations has been published by  Parking areas should have enough clear space
the gazette No. 1,467/15 – Tuesday, around them so that disabled persons can get
into and out of a car
October 17, 2006
 Reserved parking spaces for vehicles carrying
persons with disabilities should be provided,
indicated by the universally accepted symbol.

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Exercise
Disable parking
 A multistory mixed commercial development is
proposed to be located within the Colombo
Municipal Council(CMC) area is consisted with
following features.
◦ Entry and exit of the development is from the Galle
road. (A 02)
◦ The proposed development is located in the mixed
commercial zone
◦ A pedestrian crossing is located 20m from the
entry/exit location
◦ Distance to the nearest bus halt is 125 m from the
proposed site
◦ The development is consisted of following detailed
floor area.

Exercise
Disable parking
No of
Type of Floor area Area (m2)
Units

Apartment Units (floor area 60 m2 each ) 152 -

Apartment Units (floor area 150 m2 each ) 45 -

Office area - 450

Shopping area/supermarket - 1200

 Estimate the parking requirement for this

development including the disabled parking
 Find out the necessity of a TIA for this
development

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Driveway widths for Parallel

Answers
parking
Parkin Parkin
Disab
g g Motor
Type of Floor No of Area led
Requir Requir cycle/ped
area Units (m2) Parki
ement ement al
ng
(S) (C)
Apartment Units
(floor area 60 m2 152 - 76 -
each )
Apartment Units
(floor area 150 m2 45 - 45 -
each )
Office area - 450 3 -
Shopping
- 1200 21 3
area/supermarket

Total Parking Requirement 145 3 5 50

The minimum width of passageways Driveway widths for 30 deg.angle

One Way One Way
parking
Two Way
Parking Angle Traffic One Traffic Two
Traffic
Degree’s Sided Bays Sided Bays
(Meters)
(Meters) (Meters)

00 deg.
Parallel 3.6 3.6 6.0

30 deg. Angle
3.6 4.2 6.0

45 deg. Angle
4.2 4.8 6.2

60 deg. Angle
4.8 4.8 6.4

90 deg. Angle
6.0 6.0 6.0

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Driveway widths for 45 deg.angle Driveway widths for 90 deg.angle

parking parking

Driveway widths for 60 deg.angle

parking
Minimum turning radius

Two Axle Multi Axle

Passenger
Commercial Commercial
Car
Vehicle Vehicle

Inner
Turning 7.3 12.8 13.8
Radius (m)
Outer
Turning 4.7 8.7 6.9
Radius (m)

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Parking arrangement in a supermarket

Minimum turning radius Cont..

Parking arrangements inside the

Multistory car parks
buildings

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Surface car parks Minimum widths of entry and exit

(Provided at one location)

Minimum widths of entry and exit

Minimum widths of entry and exit (When provided separately)

Commerc
Passenger ial
Car (m) Vehicles
(m)

If entry and exit

3.0 4.5
provided separately

If entry and exit

5.5 6.5
provided together

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Parking Area and Internal

Trip Generation
Circulation - Examples
 2-3 vehicle trips/house hold/day for
luxury apartments
 0.62 trips per house hold during the peak
hour
 Estimate the variation in the level of
service in the adjacent road link from the
generated traffic of the development

Trip Generation
 Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE)
trip generation manual
 No such manual has been developed
related to Sri Lanka
 The generated number of trips can be
estimated compared to the existing
developments which is in operation.
 Estimating the trip generation in the peak
hour to identify the maximum effect to the
development

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Exercise Other considerations

 Estimate the total peak hour trip generation of
the above mentioned mix commercial  The entry/exit to the development should
development based on the following trip be designed in order to make minimum
generating rates. effects to the adjoining highway
 special care should be given to provide
Units of Trips per
adequate turning radii as per the
Type of Floor area
measurements unit regulations
Apartment Units (floor area 60 m2 each ) Apartm.unit 0.7
 Traffic circulation inside the development
should be designed in order to reduce
Apartment Units (floor area 150 m2 each ) Apartm.unit 1.2 the number of entry/exit points of the
Office area 100 m2 1.5 development to the adjoining highway
Shopping area/supermarket 100 m2 10

Answers Other considerations

No.of  No reversing shall be allowed from or to
Units of
Type of Floor area measurem
Trips Units, No. of the street.
per unit Floor Trips
ents
Area  No parking shall be allowed within the
building limits
Apartment Units (floor area
 Where the parking requirement within the
Apartm.unit 0.7 152 107
60 m2 each )

Apartment Units (floor area

site is more than 100 parking stalls for a
150 m2 each )
Apartm.unit 1.2 45 54 residential development, and 50 parking
Office area 100 m2 1.5 450 7
stalls for non-residential development a
traffic merging lane, or a traffic holding bay
Shopping area/supermarket 100 m2 10 1200 120
can be considered to reduce the impact to
Total Trips generated at peak hour
288
trips/hour
the main flow of traffic in access road

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Traffic Merging lane or holding bay Other considerations

 Reversing vehicles to main road

Other considerations Other considerations

 Separate centre median openings will not  Security clearing and parking control
be permitted for developments activities such as barriers, booths and lifts
shall bot be located within a minimum
clear distance of 6m from the edge of the
street to such barrier.
 For every 25 parking stalls, increase the
distance from 6m.(25stalls-6m/ 50stalls -
12m)
 Provision of passenger pick up/drop off
areas

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Other considerations Vehicle Ramps inside the buildings

 Provision of Mirrors at vehicle entry/exit
locations and inside the building to improve
the visibility.
 Sometimes, it is need to signalize the vehicle
exit locations of developments to avoid
continuous disturbances to main road traffic
 If the development is located very close to
a main signalize intersection, can coordinate
the exit signal with the traffic signal system
at the junction.

Maximum gradient of ramps Parking control gates

 1:8 -12m or less
 1:10 – longer than 12 m
 Width of ramps shall not be less than 3.5m

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Conditions in Traffic Planning

Passenger drop off /pick up area
Clearance
 There should be a ramped pedestrian walkway
at the entrance and exit location of the
development for disabled people. (Refer gazette
No.1467/15 on 17/10/2006).
 Before carrying out any modification work to
the existing walkway it is needed to inform the
Executive Engineer (Colombo), RDA and the
modification works should be done as per the
above conditions under the supervision of RDA.

Conditions in Traffic Planning

Modification to the walkway
Clearance
 The developer should be able to avoid any illegal
parking in front of the development.
 Special care should be taken to ensure the safety
of the Pedestrians at vehicle entry and exit points
of the development.
 Developer should control the entry and exit of
vehicles to and from development in order to
avoid the queue up of vehicles along the
particular National Highway.
 Developer should provide fencing/or a raised
walkway in front of the building premises on his
own expenses to separate the road users and the
development

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Modification to the walkway Modification to the walkway

Modification to the walkway Fencing in front of the development

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Signal control of Exit vehicles parking information systems

 When parking is provided in multi story

parking structures, parking information
systems help to identify correct parking
lots

Drawbacks in the current TIA

Mechanical parking system
process in Sri Lanka
 Developments in some important places
miss from the TIA process
 No obligations to the developers to
compensate the traffic generated from his
development.
 No sound system established to evaluate
the correct implications of the
recommendations in the traffic planning
clearance issued by UDA

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Thank You

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