WOOD GENETIC VARIATION OF Acacia auriculiformis

AT WONOGIRI TRIAL IN INDONESIA

Mudji Susanto1,2, Tibertius Agus Prayitno3 and Yoshitake Fujisawa4

ABSTRACT

2TQXGPCPEGRTQIGP[ VTKCN QH Acacia auriculiformis RNCPVU ITQYKPI CV 9QPQIKTK

Indonesia comprised of 129 half-sib families obtained from 12 provenances. The study
used 3 year-old plants, beginning from seedling. Parameters included growth traits

FKCOGVGT JGKIJV UVGO HQTO CPF DCTM VJKEMPGUU CPF YQQF EJCTCEVGTKUVKEU
EQNQT
OQKUVWTGEQPVGPVCPFURGEKſEITCXKV[)GPGVKEXCTKCVKQPUKPVJGVTCKVUYGTGUVWFKGFCPF
genetic parameters were estimated.
High variation among the A. auriculiformis families within provenance in the trial
YGTG HQWPF QP FKCOGVGT JGKIJV UVGO HQTO YQQF EQNQT
RGTEGPVCIG QH DNCEM EQNQT
CTGCCPFOQKUVWTGEQPVGPV+PFKXKFWCNJGTKVCDKNKVKGUKPA. auriculiformis plant were
0.33 for height, 0.40 for diameter, 0.54 for stem form, 0.48 for wood color, 0.46 for
OQKUVWTGEQPVGPVCPFHQTDQVJDCTMVJKEMPGUUCPFYQQFURGEKſEITCXKV[&KCOGVGT
stem form and wood color indicated substantial improvement on the traits and wood
characteristics that would follow selection for this trait.

-G[YQTFU)GPGVKEXCTKCVKQPITQYVJUVGOHQTOYQQFEJCTCEVGTKUVKE

I. INTRODUCTION
Acacia auriculiformis is a multi-purpose species widely used in Asia Africa
and South America. It grows normal even in poor or less fertile soil. The wood
can be used for fuel wood, windbreak, erosion control, construction and a street
VTGG
)WPPCPF/KFING[4GEGPVN[YQQFRQTVKQPQHVJKUURGEKGUYCUWUGF
in Java Island, Indonesia as fuel wood and furniture. Therefore, it is important
to improve its growth, thereby producing good seed quality.
Most of the tree improvement programs for many years included growth,
form, adaptability, and pest resistance in their assessments but did not include
YQQF RTQRGTVKGU CU UWEJ
<QDGN CPF ,GVV  0QY DTGGFKPI RTQITCO QH
Acacia auriculiformis in Indonesia will include wood properties as traits for

1
Institute for Biotechnology and Forest Tree Improvement Research, Jl. Palagan Tentara Pelajar
Km. 15, Purwobinangun, Pakem, Sleman, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
2
 %QTTGURQPFKPI#WVJQT'OCKNOWFLKUWUCPVQ"[CJQQEQO
3
 (CEWNV[QH(QTGUVT[)CFLCJ/CFC7PKXGTUKV[,N-CNKWTCPI-O;QI[CMCTVC+PFQPGUKC
4
Forest Tree Breeding Institute, Forest Agency, Ibaraki, Japan

135
Journal of Forestry Research Vol. 5 No. 2, 2008: 135-145

selection. Furthermore, study on wood variation in the trial site, is important

to conduct.
As an interest to develop this species, Institute for Biotechnology and
(QTGUV  6TGG +ORTQXGOGPV 4GUGCTEJ ;QI[CMCTVC+PFQPGUKC CPF ,+%# JCXG
established a progeny trial seedling orchard of A. auriculiformisCV9QPQIKTK
This paper reported a study of genetic variation on growth, stem form, and
wood characteristic together with genetic correlation between traits on the
seedling seed orchard at 36 months after planting.

II. MATERIALS AND METHODS

A. Field Trials
The seedling orchard trial of A. auriculiformisYCUGUVCDNKUJGFCV9QPQIKTK
%GPVTCN,CXC+PFQPGUKCCVCRRTQZKOCVGN[o80' South latitude and 110o93' East
longitude with elevation of about 141 m above sea level. Annual rainfall was
1878 mm with a 7-8 months of dry season. The mean minimum temperature
QHVJGEQQNGUVOQPVJYCUŇ%YJKNGVJGOGCPOCZKOWOVGORGTCVWTGQHVJG
JQVVGUVOQPVJYCUŇ%
Seed orchard planting was arranged in row arrays within rows, the spacing
of the planted seed was 2 m, while the distance between rows was 4 m. This
VTKCN EQORTKUGF QH QTEJCTF UGGFU QH  HCOKN[
JCNHUKD YJKEJ EQOG HTQO
12 provenances. Information about the family origin of the seeds and other
related details are presented in Table 1. The design of seedling orchard trial
YCUCTTCPIGFKPCTCPFQOK\GFEQORNGVGDNQEMYKVJPGUVGFRCVVGTPCPFWUKPI
ſXGTGRNKECVKQPU6JGPWODGTQHRNCPVGFVTGGUGGFRGTRNQVYCUHQWTHQTGCEJ
replication.

136
 9QQF)GPGVKE8CTKCVKQP/5WUCPVQet al.

Table 1. Family origin of A. auriculiformis seed and other related information

Tenta-
%5+41 .CVKVWFG .QPIKVWFG Altitude No. of
tive Provenance
No.
5
'
O Families
%QFG
1  $GPUDCEJ20) 8o 53’ 141o17’ 25 34
17554
2 18359 .QYGT2QUEQG4KXGT3.& 12 o34’ 143 o 1’ 20 15
3 17961 1NKXG4KXGT3.& 12 o 11’ 142 o 59’ 4 10
4  9GPNQEM4KXGT3.& 12o 28’ 142o 4’ 60 27
17941
5 17966 $QII[%TGGM3.& 15 o 52’ 144 o 53’ 240 10
6 16756 '0QTOCOD[4KXGT3.& 15 o 5’ 145 o 5’ 160 2
7 17941 -GPPGF[4KXGT3.& 15 o 26’ 144 o 1’ 100 5
8 18601 41TEJCTF/GNXKNNG+PV3.& 11 o 34’ 130 o 34’ 20 12
9 17704 9GPNQEM46TKDU3.& 12 o 47’ 142 o 49’ 70 2
10 16608 $CPFCDGTPQH$WNNC9220) 8 o 58’ 141o19’ 20 2
11  /QTGJGCF49220) 8 o 43’ 141 o 36’ 18 11
18246
12 16609 $GNCOWM9220) 8 o 54’ 141 o16’ 15 1
Total of families 131

B. Assessment
#UUGUUOGPV QH VJG VTCKVU YCU EQPFWEVGF QP  ITQYP VTGGU RGT RNQV
VTGG
RTQRQUGFHQTVJKPPKPIKPVJTGGTGRNKECVKQPUKPVJGUGGFNKPIUGGFQTEJCTFQH
years old. The traits were tree diameter, stem form and wood characteristic.
&KCOGVGTYCUOGCUWTGFCVEOCDQXGVJGITQWPFCPFUVGOHQTO
UVTCKIJVPGUU
YCU OGCUWTGF WUKPI UEQTG QH QPG HQT VJG YQTUV  VQ ſXG HQT VJG DGUV 9QQF
characteristics i.e. bark thickness, moisture content, percentage of black color
CTGC QP VJGBYQQF CPF URGEKſE ITCXKV[ YGTG CUUGUUGF  WUKPI UVGO FKUM YQQF
samples materials obtained at 100 cm above the ground and the standard
method on wood technology have been applied to measured the traits.

C. Statistical Analysis

1. Analyses of variance
6JGKPFKXKFWCNVTCKVTGNCVGFFCVCYGTGCPCN[\GFWUKPIVJG#018#RTQEGFWTG
KP)GPUVCV8GTUKQPVQEJGEMHQTJQOQIGPGKV[QHXCTKCPEGU
2C[PGet al.,

Analyses on the data were based on the following linear model that as
FGUETKDGF DGHQTG EQTTGURQPFGF VQ C TCPFQOK\GF DNQEM FGUKIP YKVJ C PGUVGF
pattern as follows:

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Journal of Forestry Research Vol. 5 No. 2, 2008: 135-145

Y ijkl = µ + Ri + Pj + Fk
2j Gijk
where:
z TGRTGUGPVUVJGQXGTCNNOGCP
Ri : represents the effect of the i th replicate
P : represents the effect of the j th provenance group
Fk
2j TGRTGUGPVUVJGGHHGEVQHVJGk th family which is nested within the j kth
provenance group
eijk : TGRTGUGPVUVJGTGUKFWCNGTTQTYKVJCOGCPQH\GTQ
Yijk : is the plot mean of the k th family within the j th provenance group in
the i th replicate

2. )GPGVKERCTCOGVGTU
Appropriate variance components for genetic parameter computation were
obtained by mixed model analyses. Replicates and provenance groups were
TGICTFGFCUſZGFGHHGEVUYJKNGHCOKNKGUYKVJKPRTQXGPCPEGITQWRUYGTGLWFIGFCU
TCPFQOGHHGEVU
9KNNKCOUCPF/CVJGUQP6JGUGCPCN[UGUYGTGEQPFWEVGF
WUKPIVJG4'/.RTQEGFWTGKP)'056#6
The mean family-within-provenance group variance components were used
to estimate mean within provenance group covering individual tree heritabilities

FGPQVGFCUJi2UGRCTCVGN[HQTGCEJVTCKVCUHQNNQYU

hi2TUf2Up2

where:
T  EQGHſEKGPVQHTGNCVKQPUJKR
s f2 : variance between families-within-provenance groups
sp2 : phenotypic variance
 
Uf 2+sm2+st2
sm2 : variance between plots
s t2 : variance between trees within plots
 
9KNNKCOUCPF/CVJGUQP
6JGEQGHſEKGPVQHTGNCVKQPUJKRWUGFKPEQORWVCVKQPQHVJGKPFKXKFWCNVTGG
heritabilities was assumed to be 0.3 rather than the value of 0.25 used for
half-sib families. This was based on the assumption that, Acacia sp. as being
open–pollinated families from natural A. auriculiformis stands carry a degree of
KPDTGGFKPITGUWNVKPIHTQOUGNſPICPFPGKIJDQTJQQFKPDTGGFKPI

138
 9QQF)GPGVKE8CTKCVKQP/5WUCPVQet al.

)GPGVKE EQTTGNCVKQPU
FGPQVGF CU T g YGTG ECNEWNCVGF CEEQTFKPI VQ VJG
OGVJQFQNQIKGU FGUETKDGF D[ 9KNNKCOU CPF /CVJGUQP
 DCUGF QP VJG
following formula:

rg = %QX f

:;
[ıf 
Zıf2
[?
2

where,
%QXf
:;EQXCTKCPEGQHVJGVYQVTCKVUCVVJGHCOKN[NGXGNıf2
ZHCOKN[NGXGN
XCTKCPEGEQORQPGPVUQHVTCKV
Zıf2
[HCOKN[NGXGNXCTKCPEGEQORQPGPVU
QHVTCKV
[

III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

6JGFCVCOGCPUCUGUVKOCVGFD[VJG4'/.RTQEGFWTGVJCVEQXGTGFJGKIJV

OFKCOGVGTCVEOUVGOHQTODCTMVJKEMPGUURGTEGPVCIGQHDNCEMEQNQT

OQKUVWTGEQPVGPV
CPFURGEKſEITCXKV[CTGIKXGPKP6CDNG6JGTGYCU
UKIPKſECPV XCTKCVKQP KP OQUV VTCKVU DGVYGGP RTQXGPCPEG ITQWRU CPF DGVYGGP
HCOKNKGUYKVJKPRTQXGPCPEGITQWRU
6CDNG
Table 2 shows that the best performances of height and diameter are
YKVJ9GPNQEM46TKDU3.&RTQXGPCPEG$CPFCDGTPQH$WNNC/GCPYJKNG
9220)RTQXGPCPEGJCUJKIJGUVRGTEGPVCIGQHDNCEMEQNQTCTGC(WTVJGTVJG
NQYGUVOQKUVWTGEQPVGPVYCUHQWPFKP'0QTOCOD[4KXGT3.&RTQXGPCPEG
/GCPYJKNG-GPPGF[4KXGT3.&RTQXGPCPEGCHHQTFUVJGJKIJGUVTCPMKPIQH
URGEKſEITCXKV[KPVJGVTKCN)GPGTCNN[VJGOGCPQHUVGOHQTOQHCNNRTQXGPCPEGU
revealed the low score, and this is because the wood samples were collected by
TGOQXKPIVTGG
YKVJDCFRGTHQTOCPEGYKVJKPRNQVUGNGEVKQP

139
Journal of Forestry Research Vol. 5 No. 2, 2008: 135-145

Table 2. /GCPQHITQYVJVTCKVU
JGKIJVFKCOGVGTUVGOHQTODCTMVJKEMPGUU
CPF YQQF EJCTCEVGTKUVKEU
RGTEGPVCIG QH DNCEM EQNQT CTGC OQKUVWTG
EQPVGPVURGEKſEITCſV[QH[GCTUQNFA. auriculiformis trees grown
from their seeds on the progeny test of seedling seed orchard situated
CVRTQXGPCPEGUKP9QPQIKTK

Percent-
Bark Mois-
age of
Height Diameter Stem- thick- ture 5RGEKſE
No. Provenances black

O
EO form ness %QPVGPV gravity
color area

OO




1 $GPUDCEJ20) 9.800 10.873 1.264 3.329 12.697 60.343 0.568

2 .QYGT2QUEQG 9.983 11.263 1.549 3.526 15.007 67.221 0.542
4KXGT3.&
3 1NKXG4KXGT 9.973 11.626 1.632 3.643 22.558 68.148 0.556
3.&
4 9GPNQEM4KXGT 10.015 11.045 1.442 3.383 18.436 66.921 0.569
3.&
5 $QII[%TGGM 9.527 9.955 1.426 3.512 16.744 62.958 0.567
3.&
6 E Normamby 8.750 11.333 1.667 3.077 19.027 55.540 0.533
4KXGT3.&
7 Kennedy River, 9.916 10.854 1.462 3.318 15.737 59.818 0.585
3.&
8 41TEJCTF/GN- 9.992 11.465 1.214 3.462 11.368 67.756 0.552
XKNNG+PV3.&
9 9GPNQEM4 10.233 12.450 1.333 3.920 13.639 64.467 0.584
6TKDU3.&
10 Bandabern of 8.700 9.300 1.167 2.397 20.287 66.990 0.497
$WNNC9220)
11 Morehead R, 9.767 11.344 1.362 3.640 14.801 63.794 0.550
9220)
12 $GNCOWM92 10.850 11.175 1.000 3.320 16.505 63.917 0.540
20)

140
 9QQF)GPGVKE8CTKCVKQP/5WUCPVQet al.

Table 3. Analysis of variance on the growth trait and wood characteristics of

3 years old of A. auriculiformis

Items Source of variation d.f Mean of square

Growth trait
1. Height Provenance 11 
Family within provenance 113 
Residual 412 0.862
2. Diameter Provenance 11 
Family within provenance 115 
Residual 437 4.788
3. Stem-form Provenance 11 
Family within provenance 115 
Residual 422 0.361
4. Bark thickness Provenance 11 
Family within provenance 115 1.531
Residual 437 1.228
Wood
characteristics
1. Percentage of Provenance 11 
black color Family within provenance 115 
area Residual 437
2. Moisture Provenance 11 480.774
content Family within provenance 115 
Residual 435
5RGEKſE Provenance 11 
gravity Family within provenance 115 0.0030
Residual 437 0.0024

Note:  5KIPKſECPVCV25KIPKſECPVCV2

5KIPKſECPVCVŭ2

Table 3 shows that differences in height, diameter, stem-form, and percentage

QHDNCEMEQNQTCTGCYGTGJKIJN[UKIPKſECPVDQVJDGVYGGPRTQXGPCPEGITQWRUCPF
between family-within-provenance groups. Meanwhile, differences in moisture
EQPVGPV YGTG JKIJN[ UKIPKſECPV DGVYGGP HCOKNKGUYKVJKPRTQXGPCPEG ITQWRU
DWVPQVUKIPKſECPVDGVYGGPRTQXGPCPEG*QYGXGTDCTMVJKEMPGUUCPFURGEKſE

141
Journal of Forestry Research Vol. 5 No. 2, 2008: 135-145

ITCXKV[XCTKGFUKIPKſECPVN[DGVYGGPRTQXGPCPEGITQWRUCPFVJG[DQVJFKFPQV
XCT[UKIPKſECPVN[DGVYGGPHCOKNKGUYKVJKPRTQXGPCPEG
Estimation of individual heritability, phenotypic correlation, and genetic
correlation between the traits in the seedling seed orchards progeny trial of A.
auriculiformisCV9QPQIKTK+PFQPGUKCCTGRTGUGPVGFKP6CDNG0QVTCKVUYGTGCU
expected, strongly associated with the traits and wood characteristics. However,
individual heritability for height, diameter, stem-form, percentage of black
color area and moisture content.
The progeny trial seedling seed orchard of A. auriculiformisCV9QPQIKTK
Indonesia revealed great genetic variation on percentage of black color area,
moisture content, stem-form and growth trait. According to some reports,
the genetic differentiation between populations was high in A. auriculiformis.
9KEMPGUYCTKCPF0QTYCVK
JCXGUVWFKGFUGGFUVJCVEQXGTGFRQRWNCVKQPU
of A. auriculiformis obtained from natural reverine and coastal forests in
#WUVTCNKCCPF2CRWC0GY)WKPGCCPFVJG[TGRQTVGFVJCVIGPGVKEFKHHGTGPVKCVKQP
DGVYGGPRQRWNCVKQPUYCUJKIJKPFKECVKPIVJCVQHKUQGP\[OGXCTKCVKQPYCU
revealed among progenies within populations. Aini et al.
CNUQTGRQTVGFVJG
RTQXGPCPEGUFKHHGTGFXGT[UKIPKſECPVN[
RKPVJGKTITQYVJRGTHQTOCPEG
at provenance trial of 12 months old of A. auriculiformis growing on Peninsular
Malaysia.

142
 9QQF)GPGVKE8CTKCVKQP/5WUCPVQet al.

Table 4. 'UVKOCVKQP QH KPFKXKFWCN  JGTKVCDKNKV[

J2i RJGPQV[RKE EQTTGNCVKQP

Tp CPF IGPGVKE EQTTGNCVKQP
Tg  DGVYGGP ITQYVJ VTCKVU CPF YQQF
characteristics

Phenotypic correlation and genetic correlation

Trait h 2i Diameter Stem-form Bark Perc. of Moisture 5RGEKſE

thickness black content gravity
color area

Growth traits

Height 0,33 rp = 0,26 rp = 0,06 rp = 0,07 rp = 0,10 rp = - 0,11 rp = 0,09

rg = 0,21 rg = 0,13 rg = -0,12 rg = -0,01 rg = -0,31 rg = -0,40

Diameter 0,40 rp = -0,05 rp = 0,51 rp = 0,45 rp = 0,23 rp = 0,16

rg = 0,01 rg = 0,50 rg = 0,35 rg = 0,39 rg = -0,18

Stem-form 0,54 rp = -0,02 rp = -0,03 rp = -0,11 rp = -0,12

rg = -0,001 rg =-0,13 rg = -0,08 rg = -0,48

Bark thickness 0,18 rp = 0,23 rp = 0,15 rp = 0,21

rg = 0,46 rg =0,29 rg = -0,53

Wood characteristics

Perc. of black color 0,48 rp = 0,26 rp = 0,23

area rg = 0,31 rg = 0,40

Moisture content 0,46 rp = -0,21

rg = -0,25

5RGEKſEITCXKV[ 0,18

143
Journal of Forestry Research Vol. 5 No. 2, 2008: 135-145

Relationship between height and diameter in the progeny test seedling

seed orchard of A. auriculiformis was weak with respect to both genetic and
phenotypic correlation. In this case, measurement of height and diameter
YGTGCUUGUUGFQPVJGVTGGUJCXKPIDCFITQYVJRGTHQTOCPEG
JGKIJVFKCOGVGT
CPFUVGOHQTOKPRNQVKPVJGUGGFNKPIUGGFQTEJCTF6JGYQTUVVTGGUKPRNQV
were removed and wood samples collected when trees selection within plot
were carried out.
The percentage of black color area, moisture content, stem-form and growth
trait are very appropriate to include in the selection program on the progeny
trial seedling seed orchard of A. auriculiformis. The estimates of genetic and
phenotypic correlations was apparently advantageous on correlations between
VJGVTCKVU
ITQYVJVTCKVUHQTOOQKUVWTGEQPVGPVCPFRGTEGPVCIGQHDNCEMEQNQT
CTGC#NUQVJGGUVKOCVGUQHKPFKXKFWCNJGTKVCDKNKV[HQTVJGVTCKVUYGTGJKIJ
However, negative genetic correlations were found between growth and wood
characteristic. These indicate they are not possible to simultaneously achieve
major gains in growth traits and wood traits.
6JGYQQFURGEKſEITCXKV[CPFDCTMVJKEMPGUUCTGPQVPGEGUUCT[VQKPENWFG
KP VJG DTGGFKPI RTQITCO DGECWUG HCOKNKGU  FKHHGTGPEGU CTG PQV UKIPKſECPV QP
the two traits and the estimate of individual heritability of the traits appeared
to be low. It indicates that the traits are not strong under genetic control in
A. auriculiformis6JGNQYJGTKVCDKNKV[HQTYQQFFGPUKV[
URGEKſEITCXKV[CNUQ
was experienced by Rone in Picca abiesQP
<QDGNCPF,GVV6JG[
both listed in table of narrow sense heritability values for wood density in the
hard pine, but the table showed that most of heritability for wood density in
the some species were high.

IV. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMENDATION

9QQF EJCTCEVGTKUVKEU CPF ITQYVJ XCTKCVKQP DGVYGGP HCOKN[ KP  UGGFNKPI
orchard trial of A. auriculiformis are important for updating breeding strategy
KPVJGURGEKGU)GPGVKEEQTTGNCVKQPCOQPIYQQFEJCTCEVGTKUVKEUCPFITQYVJKP
progeny test seedling seed orchards of A. mangium are needed to conduct tree
selection in the seedling seed orchard to obtain high genetic gain for wood and
growth.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
6JGCWVJQTVJCPMGFVJG,+%#
,CRCP+PVGTPCVKQPCN%QQRGTCVKQP#IGPE[
and Institute for Biotechnology and Forest Tree Improvement-Yogyakarta,
Indonesia for institutional support in establishing Progeny Trial Seedling
1TEJCTFQHA. auriculiformisCV9QPQIKTK+PFQPGUKC6JGCWVJQTCNUQCRRTGEKCVGF

144
 9QQF)GPGVKE8CTKCVKQP/5WUCPVQet al.

%5+41(QTGUVT[CPF(QTGUV2TQFWEVU#WUVTCNKCHQTUQHVYCTGRCEMCIGQH&#6#
2.75 CPF )'056#6 HQT WUG KP VJG UVCVKUVKECN CPCN[UKU  (WTVJGT VJCPM VQ
(CEWNV[QH%KXKN'PIKPGGTKPI/#4#7PKXGTUKV[QH6GEJPQNQI[5JCJ#NCO
Selangor, Malaysia for this paper in the 7 th 9QTNF %QPHGTGPEG QP 6KODGT
'PIKPGGTKPI
9%6''FKVQTUQH,QWTPCNUQH(QTGUVT[4GUGCTEJHQTTGXKGYKPI
VJKURCRGT5WMKLCP5WOCT[CPCCPF5WTKRYJQEQNNGEVGFYQQFUCORNGUHQTYQQF
CPCN[UKUCPFRGTHQTOGFVJGOGCUWTGOGPVCVVJG9QPQIKTKVTKCN

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)WPP$8CPF5,/KFING['ZRNQTKPICPFCEEGUKPIVJGIGPGVKETGUQWTEGU
QH(QWTUGNGEVGF6TQRKECN#ECEKCU#%+#42TQEGGFKPIU0Q#FXCPEGU
in Tropical Acacia Research. Bangkok, Thailand.
0QT #KPK #5 // 4CUJKF # . 5GPKP CPF - #YCPI  2TQXGPCPEG
trial of A. auriculiformis in Peninsular Malaysia: 12 month performance.
,QWTPCNQH6TQRKECN(QTGUV5EKGPEG
TGH
2C[PG 49 29.CPG  #'#KPUNG[  -' $KEMPGNN 2)0 &KID[ 5#
*CTFKPI 2- .GGEJ *4 5KORUQP #& 6QFF 2, 8GTTKGT CPF 42
9JKVG)'056#64GHGTGPEG/CPWCN%NCTGPFQP1ZHQTF
9KEMPGUYCTK4CPF/0QTYCVK)GPGVKEFKXGTUKV[QHPCVWTCNRQRWNCVKQPU
of A. auriculiformis#WUVTCNKCP,QWTPCNQH$QVCP[
TGH
9KNNKCOU'4CPF#%/CVJGUQP&GUKIPCPF#PCN[UKUQH6TKCNUHQT7UG
KP6TGG+ORTQXGOGPV%5+41/GNDQWTPG
9KNNKCOU'45*GPI-/#MGP#0IW[GPCPF%'*CTYQQF
&CVC2NWU 8GTUKQP  2TQFWEVKXKV[ 5QHVYCTG HQT 'ZRGTKOGPVGTU %5+41
%CPDGTTC
<QDGN$,CPF$,GVV,CEMUQP)GPGVKEUQH9QQF2TQFWEVKQP5RTKPIGT
8GTNCI $GTNKP*GKFGNDGTI0GY ;QTM.QPFQP2CTKU6QM[Q*QPIMQPI
Barcelona-Budapest.
<QDGN$,CPF,2$WKLVGPGP9QQF8CTKCVKQP+VU%CWUGUCPF%QPVTQN
5RTKPIGT8GTNCI$GTNKP*GKFGNDGTI0GY;QTM.QPFQP2CTKU6QM[Q

145
146