Harriet Beecher Stowe

Harriet Beecher Stowe was an American author. She was best known for Uncle Tom’s
Cabin, which helped galvanize the abolitionist, cause and contributed to the outbreak
of the Civil War ,She also wrote poetry, essays, and non-fiction books.
She used some of her own experiences and feelings to write the novel. The story
humanizes slavery by portraying the lives of individuals and families. She describes the
physical, emotional, and sexual abuse that enslaved people were forced to endure.
Uncle Tom’s Cabin was publish on March 20 1852 .
Uncle Tom;s Cabin was the best-selling novel of the 19th century and the second best-
selling book of that century, following the Bible. In 1855, three years after it was
published, it was called "the most popular novel of our day.
Harriet Beecher Stowe House in Hartford, Connecticut, preserved the home where
Stowe lived for the final decades of her life. The home is now a museum, featuring
items owned by Stowe, as well as a research library. The home of Stowe’s next-door
neighbor, Samuel Clemens (better known as Mark Twain), is also open to the public.
After the Civil War began, Stowe traveled to Washington, D.C., where she met with
Abraham Lincoln. A possibly apocryphal but popular story credits Lincoln with the
greeting, “So you are the little woman who wrote the book that started this great
war.” While little is known about the meeting, the persistence of this story captures
the perceived significance of Uncle Tom’s Cabin in the split between North and
South.

BENJAMIN FRANKLIN
Franklin was a leading author, printer, political theorist politician,
freemanson ,postmaster, scientist, inventor, humorist, civic activist, statesman, and
diplomat.
Benjamin Franklin led the new generation of American born writers whose works went
beyond nationalistics writings.
He published also the story of the whistle on November 10 1779.
Franklin recounted an early memory that provides a resource for revealing features of
his personality"Benjamin Franklin explains how an extravagant purchase in his
childhood taught him a lesson for life. Franklin became a successful newspaper editor
and printer in Philadelphia, the leading city in the colonies, publishing the pennslvania
at the age of 23.

EDGAR ALLAN POE

American writer, poet and critic,Edgar Allan Poe is famous for his tales and poems of
horror and mystery, and editor best known for evocative short stories and poems that
captured the imagination and interest of readers around the world. The first book he
published is the Tamerlane and Other Poems, in 1827. His second poetry collection, Al
Aaraaf, Tamerlane, and Minor Poems, was published in 1829. Poe also published some
of his own works in the magazine, including two parts of his only novel, The Narrative
of Arthur Gordon Pym. Poe went to the University of Virginia in 1826, where he
excelled in his classes. However he didn't receive enough funds from Allan to cover all
of his costs. In 1844, Poe moved to New York City. There, he published a news story in
The New York Sun about a balloon trip across the Atlantic Ocean that he later
revealed to be a hoax. His stunt grabbed attention, but it was his publication of "The
Raven," in 1845, which made Poe a literary sensation.

Walt Whitman
American poet, journalist, and essayist whose verse collection first published in 1855, is
a landmark in the history of American Literature. Whitman had spent a great deal of
his 36 years walking and observing in New York City and Long Island. Whitman
continued practicing his new style of writing in his private notebooks, and in 1856 the
second edition of Leaves of Grass appeared.In January 1865 he became a clerk in the
Department of the Interior; in May he was promoted but in June was dismissed
because the secretary of the Interior thought that Leaves of Grass was indecent.
Whitman then obtained a post in the attorney general’s office, largely through the
efforts of his friend the journalist William O’Connor, who wrote a vindication of
Whitman in The Good Gray Poet (published in 1866), which aroused sympathy for the
victim of injustice. The fourth edition of Leaves of Grass, published in 1867, contained
much revision and rearrangement. Apart from the poems collected in Drum-Taps, it
contained eight new poems, and some poems had been omitted. In the late 1860s
Whitman’s work began to receive greater recognition. Whitman’s greatest theme is a
symbolic identification of the regenerative power of nature with the deathless divinity
of the soul.

Mark Twain (Samuel Langhorne Clemens)

American humorist, journalist, lecturer, and novelist who acquired international fame
for his travel narratives, especially the Innocent Abroad (1869) Perhaps it was the
Romantic visionary in him that caused Clemens to recall his youth in Hannibal with
such fondness. As he remembered it in “Old Times on the Mississippi” (1875), the village
was a “white town drowsing in the sunshine of a summer’s morning,”
The Best Mark Twain Books
1. Roughing It (1872) is Twain’s second book,
2. The Gilded Age (1873), the novel
3. The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (1876)
4. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1884)
5. Following the Equator (1897),
Mark Twain's America came from my desire to understand the author’s persistent and
pervasive influence. He is considered the most American of writers, and he thought of
himself that way. His blistering criticisms of our politics and culture resonate today.
He appealed equally to Main Street and Wall Street, spanning social, economic, and
racial divides with brilliant wit and deep conviction. Twain was, in many respects, a
man outside his time. By stepping back and taking a critical look back through period
images and illustrations, we can more fully appreciate his unique character and
remarkable contributions.

Nathaniel Hawthorne
American novelist, Dark Romantic and short story writer. In 1836, Hawthorne served
as the editor of the American Magazine of Useful and Entertaining Knowledge. At
the time, he boarded with poet Thomas Green Fessenden on Hancock Street in
Beacon Hill in Boston. Hawthorne had a particularly close relationship with his
publishers William Ticknor and James Thomas Fields Hawthorne once told Fields, "I
care more for your good opinion than for that of a host of critics."[ Hawthorne's
works belong to romanticism or, more specifically, dar cautionary tales that suggest
that guilt, sin, and evil are the most inherent natural qualities of humanity.Many of his
works are inspired by Puritan New England, Hawthorne was predominantly a short
story writer in his early career. Upon publishing Twice-Told Tales, however, he noted,
"I do not think much of them," and he expected little response from the public.
The Four major romances were written between 1850 and 1860:
1. The Scarlet Letter (1850)
2. The House of the Seven Gables (1851)
3. The Blithedale Romance (1852)
4. The Marble Faun (1860)

William Faulkner
William Faulkner was a Nobel Prize–winning novelist of the American South who wrote
challenging prose and created the fictional Yoknapatawpha County. He is best known
for such novels as 'The Sound and the Fury' and 'As I Lay Dying. He also greatly
enjoyed reading and writing poetry. In fact, by the age of 12, he began intentionally
mimicking Scottish romantics, specifically Robert Burns, and English romantics,
Faulkner trained on British and Canadian bases, and finished his time in Toronto just
before the war ended, ever finding himself in harm's way. In 1924, Phil Stone escorted a
collection of Faulkner’s poetry, The Marble Faun, to a publisher. Faulkner became
known for his faithful and accurate dictation of Southern speech. He also boldly
illuminated social issues that many American writers left in the dark, including slavery,
the "good old boys" club and Southern aristocracy. Faulkner experienced both elation
and soul-shocking sadness during this time in his career. Between the publishing of The
Sound and the Fury and Sanctuary, his old flame, Estelle Oldham, divorced Cornell
Franklin.
The famous work of William Faulkner
1. Sanctuary (1931)
2. Soldiers’ Pay (1926)
3. A Rose for Emily (1930)
4. Light in August (1932)
5. As I Lay Dying (1930

Robert Frost
The Frost's firstborn son, Elliot, died of cholera in 1900. After his death, Elinor gave
birth to four more children: son Carol (1902), who would commit suicide in 1940; Irma
(1903), who later developed mental illness; Marjorie (1905), who died in her late 20s
after giving birth; and Elinor (1907), who died just weeks after she was born. Despite
such challenges, it was during this time that Frost acclimated himself to rural life. In
fact, he grew to depict it quite well, and began setting many of his poems in the
countryside. In 1912, Frost and Elinor decided to sell the farm in New Hampshire and
move the family to England, where they hoped there would be more publishers willing
to take a chance on new poets. Within just a few months, Frost, now 38, found a
publisher who would print his first book of poems, A Boy’s Will, followed by North of
Boston a year later. It was at this time that Frost met fellow poets Ezra Pound and
Edward Thomas, two men who would affect his life in significant ways.
The famous poems of Robert frost
1. The Gift Outright
2. Acquainted with the night
3. Home Burial
4. Out,Out
5. Fire and Ice

Romanticism - Was an artistic, literary, musical and intellectual movement that

originated in Europe toward the end of the 18th century, and in most areas was at its
peak in the approximate period from 1800 to 1850. Romanticism was characterized by
its emphasis on emotion and individualism as well as glorification of all the past and
nature, preferring the medieval rather than the classical.
Realism – Which stressed spirirtual values,religion,politics and reform,invaded
American literature in the mid 19th century. part of the realist art movement
beginning with mid nineteenth-century French literature (Stendhal), and Russian
literature (Alexander Pushkin) and extending to the late nineteenth and early
twentieth century.[1] Literary realism attempts to represent familiar things as they
are. Realist authors chose to depict everyday and banal activities and experiences
instead of using a romanticized or similary stylized presentation.
Modernism - Modernist Period in English Literature occupied the years from shortly
after the beginning of the twentieth century through roughly 1965. In broad terms, the
period was marked by sudden and unexpected breaks with traditional ways of viewing
and interacting with the world. Experimentation and individualism became virtues,
where in the past they were often heartily discouraged. Modernism was set in motion,
in one sense, through a series of cultural shocks. The first of these great shocks was
the Great War, which ravaged Europe from 1914 through 1918, known now as World
War One.
Idealism - Is the group of metaphysical philosophies that assert that reality, or reality
as humans can know it, is fundamentally mental, mentally constructed, or otherwise
immaterial. Epistemologically, idealism manifests as a skepticism about the possibility of
knowing any mind-independent thing. In contrast to materialism, idealism asserts the
primacy of consciousness as the origin and prerequisite of material phenomena.
Feminism - Is a range of political movements, ideologies, and social movements that
share a common goal: to define, establish, and achieve political, economic, personal,
and social equality of sexes.This includes seeking to establish educational and
professional opportunities for women that are equal to those for men.

“The Road Not Taken”

By Robert Frost
Two roads diverged in a yellow wood,
And sorry I could not travel both
And be one traveler, long I stood
And looked down one as far as I could
To where it bent in the undergrowth;

Then took the other, as just as fair,

And having perhaps the better claim,
Because it was grassy and wanted wear;
Though as for that the passing there
Had worn them really about the same,

And both that morning equally lay

In leaves no step had trodden black.
Oh, I kept the first for another day!
Yet knowing how way leads on to way,
I doubted if I should ever come back.

I shall be telling this with a sigh

Somewhere ages and ages hence:
Two roads diverged in a wood, and I—
I took the one less traveled by,
And that has made all the difference.